Grammar Reference

UNIT 1
The simple present
Use the simple present to talk about
activities that happen regularty, such as
habits, customs, routines.
People in the United States celebrate
Thanksgiving.
I get up at six every morning.
Use adverbs of frequency (always,
usually, often, sometimes, never) or
adverbial expressions of frequency
(twice a week, every day, and so on)
With the
simple present tense to say how often an
activity happens.
She never drinks coffee.
We usually go out on Saturdays.
I go to the swimming pool twice
a weer.
Use the simple present to talk about
perceived permanent situations.
My father works in a bank.
Use the simple present to talk about
Scientific facts.
Water boils at 100 Celsius.
Use the simple present to talk about
Schedules.
The flight to Miami takes off at 3 P.M.
Affirmative statements
For third person singular subjects (he,
She, it), use the base form of a verb +
-s or es.

He
She
It

For I, you, and plural subjects, use the

Base form of a verb.
I
You
we
they

runfast.

Negative statements
To form negative statements with third
person singular subjects (he, she, it),
use does + not + the base form of a verb.
He
She
It

doesnt (does not) run fast.

To form negative statements with I, you,

And plural subjects, use do + not + the
Base form of a verb.

I
You
we
they

dont (do not) run

Yes/No questions
The word order in yes/No questions is:
Do/does + subject +base form of a
Main verb.
I
DoYou
We

} }

rums fast.

he
Doesshe
it

} }
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run fast.

run fast.

fast

Grammar Reference
Use do or does in short answers.
Do you run fast?
Yes, I do.
Does she run fast?
Yes, she does.
Information questions
The word order in information (Wh-)
Questions is:
Questions word + do/does +subject +
Base form of a main verb.

}}

WhatI
How often
Where we
When they

doyou

eat?

126
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency are used to give
Information about how often an action
Takes place.
I play tennis every Wednesday.
They are sometimes late for school.
Adverbs of frequency come before the
Main verb of a sentence.
We often go to concerts.
Adverbs of frequency come after the
Verb be.
I am always on time.
Like/dont like + -ing

}}

What he
How often
Where it
When

does she

eat?

Spelling of the simple present verbs:

Third person singular (he, she, it)
For most verbs, add S.
run = runs eat = eats ride = rides
For verbs that end in -s,-x,-sh,-ch or
-z, add es.
kiss = kisses catch = catches
mix = mixes
buzz = buzzes
rush = rushes
Add es to do and go.
do = does
go = goes
With verbs that end in a consonant + -y,
change y to I add es.
try = tries
fry = fries

Like and dont like can be followed by a

Gerund (base form of verb + -ing) but
That functions as a noun.
Other verbs that can be followed by verb
+ -ing are love, like, enjoy, prefer, dont
Mind, and hate.
I love skiing.
I like playing in the snow.
I enjoy relaxing on the beach.
I prefer reading a book to watching
a movie.
I dont mind feeling hot.
I hate cooking.
UNIT 2
The present continuous
Use the present continuous to talk about
Activities that are happening now, at the
Time you are speaking.
Were studying the present continuous.