English kings invaded Ireland and gave land there to their
noblemen; James I brought colonists (peasants from Scotland+England) 1611 `Plantation of Ulster` (=9 provinces in the North of Ireland) Irish Catolics were discriminated (in education, politics, 18-19th economy, housing) and they kept rebelling and asking for centuries independence (=`home rule`) `Potato famine` 1 million Irish died of hunger 1845-1846 1 million emigrated to America 1916 `Easter Rising` - Irish attempt to get the power IRA = Irish Republican Army (`freedom fighters` or 1919 `terrorists`) The Republic of Ireland (Eire) was created + but Northern 1921 Ireland stayed in the UK (66% of population were protestants) 1960s Fight for civil rights + home rule intensified 1969 The British army was brought to keep peace `The Troubles` - many killings: 3 500 dead o Secterian violence 1969-1998 o Assasination + muders + bomb attacks o `Internment` = imprisonment without a trial 1996 Peace negotiations worked `Good Friday Agreement` (=peace agreement) o Was signed in april o Peace talks and ceasefire periods during `The Troubles` Provisions: Power-sharing government and parliament 1998 Decommisioning of all weapons belonging to paramilitary groups Release of political prisoners More Irish in the police and justice system Gradual withdrawing of British Troops Union with Eire only when/if the majority wanted it until
12-17th centuries
Changes were slow but now is mainly peace. Still exist:
- Small terrorist groups - Every year people get killedd (1,2/year) - `flag` dispute