Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gujarati Language Grammar Book
Gujarati Language Grammar Book
2010
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CH_ _ ^fi .
_ Ffl Ifl e{fi H .
(3) W
fi_ w fi fi W
.
_ fl _ .
r_ A fi.
fl
47
\ \ fi_ wAfi
fi (_fi w)
fl
fi
_ _ \_-_.
_ -.
h
-.
()
fl
fi
_ V-.
_ V-.
h
V-.
()
fl
fi
_
h
W
fl
fi
_ -
h
fi
- .
- .
-.
fi
V-.
V-.
V-.
fi
fi
_
.
.
48
fi_ w
fi_ h fifi_ w .
fl
fi
fi
_ \_
.
_ .
.
h
.
.
fi_ w
fi_ fi _ hH fl fi _fi fi_ w
.
fifi w
fl
fi
fi
_ .
.
_ .
.
h
.
.
fi w
fl
fi
fi
_ .
.
_ .
.
h
.
.
Wfi_ w
fl
fi
fi
_ -.
_-_.
_ .
.
h
.
.
fl
49
fi
fi
fi fi A _ fl H
1. fi
Ffl fi fl fi fl fi _ i,
E, _fi I H fi fi Ifl fir
fi . ,
fl u .
fl I_ fi.
_ fl .
flfi_ y fi , fi
fi fi .
2. i
Ffl i, , , fi, , fl
Ifl i_ . ,
^<_ fi.
rfl fl.
fi_ fiA F.
3. K
Ffl fl (fl)fi Ifl
K_ . ,
__ I _.
H fi .
50
4. _fi
Ffl _fi (@)fi _fi_
fl_ . ,
_ I_ .
fl flHfi _ .
5. I
Ffl fi k (fiW)fi Ifl
I_ . ,
fl fl u fl .
H fl _ u_ _ fl .
2.2.5. L
( fi
w) fl fi (_i) fi H
fi _V_ fifi I . fi I _
fi L. H fi @ fi
fl fl _ fi L .
. H _ fl A ( ) wfi
fl fl fi fl fi . fl fi
_ A w_ < _ fi (_i)
-Hfi _ fi . fi_
fi L. , fi _ fi
fi fl_ (fi, H, UH fl) H
_ L .
TA ,
fi _ _
fl
51
fi H Hfi H fl fl fi L
_ . . .
_ fi { fl <_.
fi_ _ flfi _ _.
flfi fi fi u.
(_) fi
(_) flfi
() fi
hH H fl fl_ fi.
Lfi fl
(1) fi L
fi_ fi L fl .
I _ fi L .
_ \.
fl fi .
(2) L
I __ L ,
fl fi .
fi_ * _ _.
_ H .
(3) W L
L W_ fi . L
fifl I .
52
fifl V fi flfi.
fifl fi fl .
(4) L K L
I L_ L K L
, fi (_i) fl L
fl fi .
fl fl_ U .
fi fi.
_ fi fl _ fl_ \_.
(5) __ L
I L_ __ L
, A fi fi fi fl
A fi __ fl fl .
_ fi _ \_.
- fl fl .
fi fi _ fi fi
Lfi _ I L \ fi _ ,_
H flfl I L L (K L)fi
fi I _ \_ fi fi _ L K
L fi _ . , Lfi h _ fl
H_ .
2.2.5. H
fi w_ _ flfl _ fi fi T
_, ,
fl
53
fl u.
fl .
fl_ u_.
fi fi fi fi fi fi _ flfl .
fl_ fi_ w fi_ fl_ . fi_ w_ flfl
fi. H T O fi h H, L
fi, fi _ _ .
fi _ fl fl fi H, fi,
L, O .
_ H.
fi .
fl fi I_ .
H \\ _ . V, ,
fl, CH _ .
(1) V
H V .
I_ .
fiflZ _.
I_, @_, , fl, fi, _fl, fl, , fl, ,
_ V H .
(2)
H fi .
Ifl ?
54
fl_ H_ T.
Ifl, , , , _fi, fl, _, , fl
H .
(3) fl
H fl .
_ _.
_ .
(4)
H fi H fl .
fl T ?
(5)
k- _ fi .
tfi .
_ .
tfi, , fl, , fl, fl, _
H .
(6) fi
wfl fi fi fifi .
fi_ fl.
H fi U fl.
y .
wfl, flfl, U, fiy, , y, _
fi H .
fl
55
(7) V
fl
Vfl
H fi fifi fi Vflfi .
fl_, _ _ fiH fl.
*.
fl _ @ _.
fl_, fl_, , , , _ Vfl H .
(8) fifl
H fiflfi _ fl .
fi.
I fi .
.
fi, , fi, fi, fi fl fifl H .
(9) _fi
fi fi fi _fifi .
H <flfi _ .
_ .
H, fl, , _ _fi H .
(10)
H fi fi Vfi .
fl fi.
W flfi .
, , , _, _ H .
56
2.2.6 fifi
_i fi fifi fi fi @__ fl fl fi fl .
fifi __ _ fi fi
fi @fi fifi fl fl .
flV fl _ fl .
fi fi H flfi_ .
(1) flH
fi_ fi, K, fl fi flH .
, , fl, fl, , , , fi, , , ,
flH.
fi fl fl .
(2) fi
, fl_, fl ^ \ fi .
TZ fl __ *.
(3) __
b_, fl_ fl Efi __ .
fi fl _ fl _ <_ V_.
(4) flH
_fl, fl, _, fl, _, .
fl fl fifl fl.
(5) J
, , fl, fl fl fi_ fi .
_ fl fi M_.
fl
57
(6) VI
fi .
, fi fl VI .
fi _k .
2.2.7. L
fi fi @fi fi
L ( _) .
Lfi fl fi H
(1) E
O @fi fi_ fl .
fl, fi ZH fi_ _.
I_ .
(2) fl
fl fi_ fi L .
_ T H fi Y.
_, _H, H, _ fl fi_ flH .
(3) S
_ fi _ S fl .
.
, , , _, , fl fi_ flH .
(4) fifi
fifiw fi_ fi fi w fi_ fi _fi
flfi_ L @fi .
58
fl
59
(1) ! !
(2) ! !
(3) flfl ! ! !
(4) yfl ! !
(5) L
L fl ! !
(6) _fi ! fl ! S, , , ,
(7) , , SH.
(8) , , fl.
(9) fi .
2.2.9. fi
\ \ __ fl .
fi @fi flfi , _ fi
fi A fi . fi fi _
.
() fl
_ fi __ fl Ifl,
fi _ fl . fl
_
(1) @_ fl .
(2) .
(3) , , fi fi fl Hfi_ fi_ w .
fl fi_ fl .
_ I_ _ _.
60
fl fi .
() H
fi fi ____ Ifl @ H _
. H _
(1) _ .
(2) h, _ @_ .
(3) fi_ , fi fi fl H fi_ w .
fififi .
fifi .
()
Ffl fi _ fl __ , Ifl
. _
(1) .
(2) Ifl _ @_ .
(3) Ifl h, _ @_
.
(4) fi fi_ fi fiLfl fifi_ ,
H fiLfl fi_ .
fi _ fi.
_ _.
_ fi fl F fi.
fifi fl_ Q_ fi.
flH 3 _
\\ H (Zfl) Ifl H
. fi fi _ .
_ hH flfi (1) Vfl_ (2) T_fi_ fi (3)
_.
Vfl__ \\ Vfl fi fi _
. T_fi__ \\ T_fifi _ . __
Vfl T_fi Ifl fi _ .
EflVfi_ H.
\_\_ EflVfi_ H.
Vfl_
V C , , , fi V C Vfl
_fifi fi C Vfl .
=
V _fl = V_fl
z P = zP
z = z
fl L = flL
rfl = rfl
L = L
61
62
fi = fi
_ = _
S = S
V C , , Vfl
fi Vflfi H Vw .
=
L = L
fl rfl = flrfl
E = E
_ = _
fi = fi
= fl
fl = fl
= fl
_fi fi
.
63
r = r@
fl r = flr
r = r
_fi fi
.
=
WH fi = WHfi
fi = fi
_ C = _C
Vfl fi fl .
I i = hi
, , , , fi H flfl
.
=
Z = IZ
= I
= I
ILfi = TILfi
Vfl .
64
E = VE
fl i = i
T_ fi_
=
fifi = fifi
fi_ = fi_
65
fi . fi
fi , fi
flh = Eflh
fl = Efl
fi _ = fi_
fi = fi
(6) , , , , , , , fi
fi fi .
r = E
fl = Efl
_ = E_
, , C, , , {, , , , , , , , , fi, , , ,
T_fi fifi fi fi fifi .
= L
(7) fi T_fi fi T_fifi
.
fi = Sfi
= S
= S
(8) fi _ fifi T_fi fi
T_fifi fi T_fi . Ffl T_fi
fi fi h T_fi fi .
66
fl = fl = fl
= =
(9) fi _ fi H Vfl fi
.
=
M = M
=
(10) , fl fi fi fi H .
fifl fi = fiH
fi = WH
fi = H
_
(1) _ fi fi C T_fi
fi . Vfl_ _ _fifi
.
fi fl = fifl
fl H = flH
fi fl = fifl
_ = _
fi = fi
fi = fi
67
fi fi = fifi
fi = fifl
fi = fifl
=
(3) fi fl fl fl
fi fi _ V C fi .
fi fl = fifl fl = fifl
fi fl = fifl fl = fifl
fi fl = fifl fl = fifl
fi fl = fifl fl = fifl
(4) fi I J fi V .
fi = fi = fiV
fi = fi = fiV
(5) fi .
fi = fi = fi
fi _ = fi _ = fi_
(6) fi _ fi , ,
fi .
fi = fi = fiW
fi Z = fi Z = fiWZ
68
(7) fi , fl .
fi r = fir
fi V = fiV
fi _ = fi_
(8) fl _ fi fl T_fi
fl fi .
_fl flH = _flH
fl =
=
fi _ fl Q T_fi Vfl fl fl
.
fifl L = fiL
_fl = _
_fl = _
_ 3
Ofl
flH 1 fl fi flZ_ Oflfi
flH 2 fl fi_ O_
flH 3 fi I
flH 4 fia O
flH 5 fia O
flH 6 fla O
flH 7 EflQ-
flH 8 O O
flH 9 w fi
flH 10 Hfi fi
flH 11 flfi
flH 12 L
69
70
72
74
fl fi_ O_
75
_ fi Ifl z_ fl
fl fl O_ fl . O fi_ @fl
flH Ifi l . @fl fi F,
@fl O fi fi fi_ \flflH fl_. ..
casting vote h, Tug of war O
. fi flH H T, fl
fiH fi .. flfi O _ T. fl_
fi Vfl_ fl .. O L. fi
h wH O . fi fi
O , fl_ O w fi fi_ _ O V fl.
@fl flfi fi flH _ O H ,
L H fi . _ O
fi_ H w fi fi fl
U . .. fi, , fl, V, . _
fi L fi Ofi fi. fiflfi _ O
fi _ Q fi .
ifiZh fi fl . fi
^fi fi fl . flH _flflp
fl ififi V O fl_ H fi . ..
flfl, fl, , fi, flfl fl. @fl fi H
. .. V fi b.
_, fi V, fi _V
, fifl fi fifi -fl fi. fi
flfi Hfi_ w Ofi L . fi
_V, _ fi fi K T@ .
76
flfi lq flfi _ . H
fi I fl@ _ @ _H
T fi fl .
.. i, fi fl H _V Ofi_ _
fi . fl O __ O fi. pleasure
O fi_fi fi , flfi fi.
fl fi_ O_ fifl fi flfi_
. fi fi_ VI fi L fi fi-fi
fl O-Q fl . S fi_ 1887_ fi _,
fl fi Ofi_ fi_ w_fl Vp H ,
kflkfl fl . H_fi _ O
fi S fi k V_ fl fi w$ _Vfl
. Ow_fl _ B fi.
flI \__ _fl H_ . H .
fi w fifl Ofi @ _
_ ? O fiWfi_ lq fi .
flH 3 fi I
H _ _V L _ fi
Ofi O fl O_k fl_ fl
. fi Oflfifi fi _ I_ kH . _
fi_ kH Vfi .
O-Cfl I .
I-I- fl . _ H
_Vfi -I fi fi h
fi .
fi Ofi _ fi fi
w_ H fiL .
.. fifl, fl. k, Ifi
V_h fi. Ofi fi
fl_ fi .
_V
fi O fifi Ofi I
(O_ H) . wfl fl
fi H O fi . _V_ fi _A fi .
I _V fi fi _V_
fi fl_ H fi_ fi fl_ .
fi . fi fi
fl , fl fi fifl .
fl_ _V Ofi fi H
, fl, , , fi, , fi-fifl, -fl, , , fi, ,
, , , , , , fl fi
77
78
1. () , ifi, fl
2. (fl) fl, fi, fi, , KZ, fi
3. (fi fl...fi ___, fi ) fi, fi,
fl, ifi,
4. fi (, fl_fl) fi, fifi, fi_fi, fiw
5. (fi, fl) fi, , fi, O
6. (fi, fi, _fl) H, fl, fi, fi
(fi _-H_), i
7. (fl, _, lq) I_, z, S, ~fi
8. (fifi_, H, fi) <, fl, fi
9. fl- (<_, p, U) flfl, fi, W, , WM
10. fi (fi, _) fi, fifl, fifi, fi, fi_hH
11. fi, fifl (fl, fl, fi) fifi, fiflH, fiF,
fi, fifl_<
12. fl (fl, ) fl, flfi, fll
13. fl (fl\, ) fl, flfl, flH
14. (, , -, _) , A,
, , Vfi, , h
15. (fl, fl, fl) , K, flZ, , _
16. (fl ) , , _, _
17. (fl, fi) _, _, _fi
18. (_fl) _, fl,
19. ( ) fl, _, Lfi, flH
20. (fl) fi
I fi I
()
Ofi I .
(, fi) I, Tfl, fl
fi (fi, ) fiZ, fifl, fi
, < (fl, <_) , <p, <h $
() _fl
LV (_fl) _p, _flH _fl
(fl) Wfl
(S_) Wfl
()
fl () flVfl
l (r) l
() I, V
( H)
fl (__) fl_
()
fl (_) fl, fl
fl () flTk
M () MyflH
V () V_fl
(fi) fi
fifl (fl) fi
79
80
fl_ V_h O fi - fl
fi_
fl . , fl fl, fl _,
fl _fl, fi fl fiVfl, fl yfl
L fi I
fl-fl _ fl fi H
(fi)
k,
(<_, b_)
fl, A
(fl_)
fi, fi
fl ()
flfl, flfl
fl (_)
flfl, flfi
fi (fi, )
fi, fi, fi
fl (fl)
flV
(<_)
, fi
(, )
, ^,
(fi, fl)
fl,
fl (A)
flfl, fl_, flfi_
()
, fl, fl
fl (I)
fl, flfl
() I
O_ I flfi
fi fi ( fi wfi)
I fi fi _i, H, fifi I
fi .
I fi I
81
flH fi T_
(1) fl fi . hfl, fl, fl
(2) fl
fl
fl
I VI
I k
T T
Q
(3) H I
, , , , , fi, fiq, , fi, fl, , , , fi,
, V, fl, , fl H I .
(4) __ I
-
(5) I
- _, M
(6) Vfi I
- ,
(7) H I
_,
(8) I I
h, _, fi flfi .
, , , , ,
fi, fl, WH, fi, fl, flp
() I fi .
(1) - - , -
- , -, -fi, -fl
fl- fifl
82
(2) _ H_, _
H H, _H
b_, flb_
(3) flH
fi fi fifi
-{
-{<
(4)
fi fi fl .
-{fi
-
fi-fi
fi-fi
-
(5) H I
fi-fi
b_-flb_
-T@
-
(6) I
fi fl .
_-fl_ fl__
.
h-h
H-H, flH
-
-
-
-fi
-fi
I-I
fi-fi
-F
fl-fifl
-A_, _E_.
flH 4 fia O
_, _, _, C_, , , fi, ,
fi, fl_, _
Bfi
fi, , , , fi, rfifl
, Vfl, fl
fi , __, _, V
, fl, , fi*
P, flH, fi
Q
, ,
fiL
fifl_, , H, , fifi,
fifl flVfl, fi, i, fifi, fl,
fl, Efl, yfl
fi fi_, , ,
fi
fi, , flr, fl, flH, fl,
fi > __, _, , fl_ *
fi _ ZH,
fi fifl, fifi, fi, Z, flVfl
fi , _fl, , , C_
fiL, , , fifi
fl
fi_, iM, fl, fiH, fifi
fi fi
S
ZS, , fl, fi_, <_
83
84
fl
fi_
H
fi
_
E
Lfl
rfl
fl
fl
Lfi
fi
fia O
85
flH
_
fl
T
< fl
ZH
r
fl
H
B
fl
Cfl
flU, _, , fl, fl
, fl, , _
WH, , U, U, _
fi, L, _, fi_, fl
^fl, l, l
, _, z
, V, , fi
Q, <fl, VH, , fi\, <_
Z, <, H, fl, fiH
fl, ,
, fl, V, ,
, , , fi, fl
fi, fi_, flH, , flfi
C,
, _, ,
, ,
fifi, fi, fl, _, _fl, H,
Hfi
fi, fi, fifi, ,
fi, fifi, fl_, fl, _, _fi
, fl, fi_fi
B, fi, fi, fl, fifi, , fi,
, fi, flH, fi, fiVfi, flH
86
C
C
fl
fl
_ fi
_
_ fi
fl
_
i
fi
_
\ V
^ fi _
{
fl
fl
C, ,
r, , fl_, , L
, Z, <, <, fiH
fifl, , flfl, _fl
fifi, P, fifi
L, fl, , _, , _, fifl
_, , FIVfi, _
fi, r, _fl, fi, Vp, , fi
H, fiVfl,
flH, fifi, fi, fi
, <, I_, fl
_, W, _
, flfi, flL
W, _, fl, fi,
, , , _,
flb_, fi, flfi, fl_fi, H, fl
fl, TZ, , flfl,
fl, _
H, fl, fl
fifl, fifl, , H
fl, flfl, fl,
, , z
fia O
87
fl
H _
fl
fl
fl
p
T
U fi
_
K
fl
fi
fifl
fi
fi _
fi
, , , fl, H
flb_, IH
H, fl, , ,
_fl
fifl, fl, gfl, fifl, , flfl
fi, fl, , fi, , $
fl, , , flH, _, flIfifl, _
fi, , T, _, fi, k, H
,
flfl, , , h, fi
fi, , fl, <,
fi, , _k, k,
h, fl, fl, fl
b_, fl, H
tU, Z, , fi,
MJ, fl, , , fi, flH, _fl
K, , , {_
fl, fi{flH, fl_H, Vfi, , fi,
fi
Vh, fi, fi, fi, , ,
fifl,
fifi, fifi, fi_, fi
, fi,
88
fi
fi
fi fi
fi
fifl _
Ifi
fl
h
fi
_ @
_
_
h
H
fl
C, fi, fifl
B, V, fl, flO
, fl, C, fi, fl
fi, , fl, fi
fi, ,
H, fi, ^, fi, , _
, *fi, S, , , BH,
V, , S, fi, _, _, flfl, H
, fl, flfi, fl,
fi_, fi, ,
, fi, fl, fl,
, fl, fl
Z, <_, , _, , _
fi, , i, ZH, fiH, fi, fl,
fi
,
, , _, , fl, , fifl, , fi,
fi,
, fl, , <_
fi, , , L
_, _
fi, , I, fi, fl, , fi_fi
fia O
fi
89
H, _<_
, K, ,_ M, , , , F,
fl, , I, fi_fi, fi
h
, fl, , <_, flH, ,
, , , E_, _
p, , , ,
Z
, fl, flVfl fiflb_, fi
, i
H , ,
_, V
fl
P_, , fl, , fl, fl
fl, H
_ fl
flH, H, Cfl, , fi, flb_, b__
, fl
90
fl
flH
h
fl
fi W
C
V
fi
Z
fl
flV
fl
flh
fl
fl@
fi
_I, II
, , , fi, _, , L
QI, fifi, _I, _, V
fifi, fi, , Lh, ,
V, x, , fl, fl
fifi, fl, h, fi, fl
, flfl, , L, , _
fi, H, fi
, , Cfi, , fl,
_, fl,
flH,
@, fiH, , fl, fl
\_, k
_, _C _, flH, ,
flfi, _, _^fl
, fl, , , _
L, fifl, fl, fiflL, fifl, ,
fi, fi, flfi, fl, fl, Z
, T
H, , fi, flfl
_, flH, flfi
, , {
fia O
fl
TZ
Wb
fih
fl
lB
T
TV
fl
flfl
fl
91
fl, O, _Ifl,
, fl, <fl, fl
, , Cfl, Tp, L
W, Cb_, , fl
, C, Cfi, fl, , , fifl,
, , {, fl_
, fi, _, z,
, , <_,
E, _, <_, L
, _fl, fi, Vp, flfl
fih, flh, _
Bfi, , H, , _S
fl, , fl, , flfi
flfi_, l, , fl
fi_, , T, fifl
fl, , <_
F,
fi, , , , h, _, @fl, fi
fifl, fifl, fl, fl, kfi
Jfl, H, H, fl
_, _fl, , fl,
flh,
92
fl
flV
fl _
_ fl
flfl
*
fi _
Vfi
VE
_fl, l, , flH
Tk, TL, fl, ,
, , , r,
, , H, _, J
l, fl, rfl, fl, fl, H, flfi
, fi, S, fl_, fl_
, _, fi, , T, fl, Lfi,
Zl,
Hfl
, TC, fifl, QL, J, fl, fl,
fl, , _, fl, fl
H, _fi, flH, , fi
, , fi,
, fi, A_, , ,
V, fl, H, ,
, <_fl, , flH, fl, _, V, _
flH 5 fia O
Zfl fi, H, , V,
fifl, fl, U, _, , _S, i,
, flfi
fi_ fl, WH, fl, , fi, fl, ,
fifi *fl, fi_ _A- Lfi
k, , , H, V, fi
fl
Q, , , _, fl, H
flH fl@H, fifl, fi fl, fl
, ^, fi, fl, , fl fl_
k, , flH, , kfl Sfi
H, Hfl, fl, W, H, Cfl,
_ _A, , fifi, |, , fl, C
_ _A, HHfi , , ,
, , _, fi
_ , _, fl fl flfi , fi,
_, _, , , w
kfl , fl, fi_, _ _, fi_ fi, fi,
kfl
, , _, g, _, _i,
, , fi
Z fi _ flfi , V, lH, , _,
, fl, _fl
93
94
_ (), fl , fifi_
Cflb_, , fi_ , fl, flHfi _
fl
, fl, , , flH, _
fia O
95
_ _fl, , , _ (fifi), _ H
(t)
, _ flfi_ fi_ , flHfi ,
fi fiyfl , _fi fi_ w _
fl
, {, , , , @, , V, ,
fi
Vhfi flfi_ Vh, , fl, ,
b_ flfi_ C_fi_ , _fi T, _
H ZH, , H, fl, , fl, H, fl,
fl<_, ,
fl
<_, fl, C, Z, fl, fifi , flfl
C
C, flfl, x, C, , <_
Cfi
fiyfl, C<_, Cb_, _ fi _,
_Afi fi hH fl H Hfl,
_
Cfl
H -_fi_ flfi_ b_, fi_ fl_
Vfi , <<_, <
C fl, _ fl, Vhfi flfi_ fl Vh,
flV, , ,
C r, fi flfi_ \_ \_, _, C,
Cflb_, C flfi
Cfl fl, b_, _ , ,
flH
fl __A, , , _ C
96
< _
< _
O
_
fl
fl
fl, fi , c,
Cfl Efi _ _ S B, _H fi
S B, fl, fl, flfi C
fl, fl_, _ fi _, fl_ ,
__, p, _
_<_, , _, _ V__
, flfi O, Cfi O, fi_
fi, fl_ fl flfi
fifi , hfi_ S_ _fi , _,
fifl, z fl fl
, fl, , fi , __, flfi fi
_, _, c
\_, fl_, fl, V, flfi fi
, fl, fifi , fi
fifi fi_ , {, , , _, @,
_, fi
fi flfi_ _, , Hfi (Hfi ),
fi ( flfi )
fi @, , , , ZH,
, , Z, , Z fl _ fib_,
fi fl, fl fi _ _
flfi fl, _ H, , @
, k, , <_ fl<_, _fi fl
, _H, fi, _, _fi,
fia O
fi< _
fi
Z
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97
98
h
fl
fl
fl
H
fl
fia O
fl
99
_, , @, , _, ,
100
fl_
fl
flH 6 fl O
_ _
L L
fi fl
fi
fl fl
fl fiflfl
fi
i i (i)
fi fiflfi
i i
L L
fl (fl)
Tp fiTp
flfl flfl
zfi flfi
S@ I@
fi fi
Lfi
fi
_ fl_
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Kfi fiKfi
_ fl_ ()
fi fi
_fl_ fl_
fi> >
fiU U
_
101
102
fi
V fiV
H H
>
fi
E fiE
C IC
fifl Vfl
fl fifl
fi
fl
p fip
IZ flZ
fl
L L
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fi fi
Ifi fi
KI
kk
fi_ fi
kflH ZHfi
kflV V
fi
fl
fl fl
Lfi fi
fl fl
fifl
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fi
@ fi@
_K
fl
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fla O
103
_ _
fl (W)
fl fl
fifl
fl
_h h
fi fi
(_)
fl flfl
fi
(fiW)
z z
H fl
< fl
H fi (A)
< Lfi
C C
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fl fl
fl
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_fl fi_
fl (flH)
(_)
i Cfi
fl_ <_
J_
ZH r
^ ^
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fi
_fi _fi
L flH
fi fl
F_ _Ifl (H)
104
fiflZfl Zfl
Lfi Lfi
fiH H
_ Vfl
fiTk Tk
fl fi
fifl fifl
^fi_ fi_
fi_ V (_)
q fiq
fifl fl
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fi fi
fi
fl __
J J
fl
fl V
fl_h V_h
H H
flfi Vfi
h h
fl fifi (l_)
_ ()
fi Ffi
I flVI
fl flO
fl Hfl
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H H
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fi
kfl
fi fifl
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fla O
IZ flZ
k fiTk
V V
fi fi
H HC
_fl _ (@)
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fi fi
(fi)
fl
Z Z
fl fl
fi fi
fi fl (S, Z)
_ ()
fi fi
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V
105
fifi
Cfl Cfl
Qfi dS
fi fi
fi T
flfiI _fiI
fl_ fl
fl
C fl
C
C fl
fl
fi
Hfl Hfl
fl
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H fi_
(_)
V Sfi, V
106
fi
@ @
_
fl fi
@
T@ p
T
@ @
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p p
fi fi
Z WHZ
l
l_ fifi (fl)
I@ J
I fl
fl flfl
H H
fi _fl
L
fiW
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_
fl fiflfl
flH flH
K K
fl fiflfl
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fifl
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V fl
V_ fl_
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fi Lfi
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fl
fi
_
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fl
<
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fi
H
\_, fl_
fi, fifl
fi fl
fl flVfl
fi_ fl
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_, , fl
Z
fl_
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H, fi
_fl
V
Z
fi V fl
fi
fl
fi
Vh
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107
H fi
flVfl, Hfi
fiW
fi
tfi fi_
_, _<_
fi
S
_ {fi
flfi_ fl
V
fl
H
_
fiV
_
L
fifl, < < _ ,
fifi, _
108
> _
Cfi fifl
fi
, fl,
_fl, fi
>_ H fi_
_
fi_ fi
V,
U, wfl
ZH, H H ,
C fl
fl fi
MJ, fl
B
Cfl
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fl _ fi fl fl_
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fl _ H
__
fl fl Vh, fl
fifl_, _
fi *fl, , , _fi
_fl
fi_ flfi,_
fi Cfi_ H
fl
fi
fifl_, dfl
fiT k _, _, fi_
fifi b
flb_ , fl
>
()
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fl
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fi
fi
fiTk
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fi
_ fl
fi
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Hfi flfifl
fifl
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Z _ ,
K,
Z, fl
fifi
_
L<_
fl,
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109
fl
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_
Z
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_
< _
_
fih
fi
fi
, fl fi
_ fl
fi
, _@
L
fi_ fl Vh
H_
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fifl
<, fiVfl
, Kfi, t
flfi_
fifl
fi fiV
fi fifi_
fifl fi
MJ
Ffi_ ifi
fifi _ fi,
_
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I
lH
fl, H
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110
fifl
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fl
fi
fl
fl
fi
fi
flH
fld
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Wfl
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fl
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Hfi
flH
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h
,
@,
fiy fl_
, fi
fi_, fi
, Hfi
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{__fi_ I
H
, fi,
H, fifl
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fiVfl
_
fi
fl
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fi ( fi )
fiI
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fl
H,
fiV fl, flH
fi_ _ flfi_
flH
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Hfi
fl
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H _
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111
_ fi fl_,
fl
fl
h
fl
,
fifl, Kfi, VQ
fl
, flfl
C
fiV
fl
>fi H _
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fi fiy fl
k (fl
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fl
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Hfi
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fifl, fl
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fl
6
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L,
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fi _
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fiL, fifi
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fi
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fiy fi fifl
112
O O
113
@,
I @
B
U
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KI
Ifi fiZfi
fi
fi w fi _
fi, H
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fi Z fi fl C fi fl _
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fl Vfi fiH fl
zz
fi z, fi z
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fi flfl fi _
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p
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H
CH fl fl _ fi _ _ flHfl fi
fl H h
fl flfi fi_ h
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H H
fi
fi fi fi _
l _
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flfi fl
114
flA fi fi _
H fi fi _
fi_ _fl LI
fi |
fi _ fi_ Tk_
CH_ w
fi fi_ H fl_
H Efi_
fi_ H fl_
fi fl_
fi fl fl _
V fi flfifl
fi fl fl flfifl
Cfl Cfl
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flpfi fi __fi _
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fl HT
fl fl_ fi _
fi MJ F_ _ fl
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F
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fi
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a
fl
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fi, S
ZH_fl, ZH
Z
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O O
fl fl fl flfifl
fifi _k fifl
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fl fl _Vfi_
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w _ h
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flfl fl _
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fi
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115
Cfi, fifl,
Hfl
fi
flh,
_,
Tk_ fi
fl
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_
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h
fi
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B
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fi
116
H ififi _
fi H fi
fi fi
fi hH \ H fi
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{Cfi _fi Z Vfl
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flfi fi flfl _
V fiV fl _
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Ofi _
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F fl V
fi L fi O
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fl flfi_
fl-fiflfi flfifl @
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fl
Vl, V_
fi, fifll,
fiflfl
S
fl,
Hfl
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fifi
_
fi
O
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fi, Bfi
V
<
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fl_ I
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_ fl \_ fi
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h O ()fi fl * H
flfifl
fi CflH
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fl fi fl flfifl
fl_ I
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flVfi_ fl fl fl_
fi
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117
fl
(H)
I
fl
O I
V
C_,
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fi
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V_
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118
_
Wfi flfifl H
flH fi_ h
fi flfi fifl
_fi fl TV
S M fi
flfifi _ Zflifi/ZH
_h fl z
flH_ fl
flFfi _ flEE flfifl
flfi flHfi
fi fl fi_ fi fifl
fi_ ifi flfifl
fi fi fl _ H
fi (H)
Vfi fl T@
fi_ fl V fl
V fl fi_ fl
fl fl_
<_ fi fi
S _fifl
fl_ fifl
F
WH
fi _
l
_
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ZH
Vz,
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flH
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fifi
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fi fi
E
T @
TV
Vflfl
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S
V
_
V_
flH 9 w fi
H fi, fi_ O_ Q fl Z
w fi H Q fl_ kfi . Ofi_
-Ifi V_h fl T
CH Tfl_ w fifi
w _ . _ H Ofi ZH fl fi
y w . w fi fi H fl
. O O fi fi fi p
ZH _ fl_ w fi w .
fifi fiw, pLw hI H @.
w _ fifl fi_ flfl,
flfl, L H _ . ,
C , H _, , fl fi ,
fl fl w __ fi_ flfl,
fi, , L fl Vp . C, H, ,
fl , fl O_ fl fi_ fi . fl_
Tflfi L _ H fl flfi
fl^ Ifi fl . w fi
fl_ H fi hI H .
wfi fi _ flfi fi
T@ . fifi fl_ Tfl_ flfifl
flHw hw fi fl @ fl .
_ fi Cfi _ fl H fi .
fi fi fl . CHfl fi
O tfi \ fl . , Cfl
119
120
w fi
Lfi _
_
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fl
_
\_ _
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_ fi_
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fi e_
fifi_ _
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> _ fi _ < _ _
H
fl
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flfi fl
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121
V fi
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Cflfl fi _
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fi _
fi flH fl
I_
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fl fl _
fl , _
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fifi fl_
fifi_ fifi
fl _ HHfi
fl
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122
fi H fi_
fi
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fl
fl fi _fi
_
fifi fl
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fi fl fi
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fi_ hH fl
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fl
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fi fi fl
Hfl_ fi
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fi_
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fl U _ _
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fi fl_
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123
S u _fi Zfi fl
fl Ifi fl
fl / fl
h fi fi
_
fl / fl / fi
flH _
fl_ flH H_
fl _, Ififl _
fl fl, h
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flfi fl
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fl fl_
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fl_ fi
H @ fl fiW _
fl fifl fi fl_flfi
_
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flfi _ _ flfi_ _
124
H H
H _ fi .
* H H * flfifl fi .
_fl _fl _
<_ <_ fl_ <_ H fl .
<_ { fifiH_ fl
fi _ fi _ .
fi_ fl_ fl fifl _
fifi_ fl
fl fl
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fl fl fl V fl _ __ fi flfi
k
Cfl flC flfl Cflfi T@fi fl fi
fi H fl fi H .
_ fi flfifl fi fl
flfi C_fl
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H fi fl, fl_ fi fi
fl H fl fi
fl
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p Vp
.
fl H fi
{{ flH
fl_ .
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125
{{ fi H fi H fl H
fifi
fl , fl fl_ fifl_ fl_
fl _ _fl , fl fl
<_fl fl flH
fi I_ _ fl_ .
> H flb_ H L fifi
ZS flfi H fl
fl H fi H fi
.
fl _ fi h C
fi_
.
fl fl fi .
flfi_ _
fi >fl fi Cflfi fi _fi Zfi Lfi fl fifl
fiW .
Cfi.
fi_ fi Ifl _b_ _<_ fi fl_ Ifl <_ flH
_.
T@ fi
fififi V fi_
h fifi_ flH.
_flV .
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fi _ fi fi _ fi .
fi H fi flH __
fi
.
fl fi fl ^ fifi_ H CH.
126
_ _ fi _
fi _ fi fl
fl .
H fi fl >
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fl fi fl
fifi fl fi_ fi H.
{fi_ fi fi fi flfi
fl fi .
_ fl fi _ fl fl_ H fi_ .
flfi_ fl_
fifi fi <_ Vw _.
fl fi {{
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fifi CH
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ZH
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H _ H fl fi.
fl
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fi fi
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fi_ fl fl_
fifi fi <_ Vw _.
fi fi fiW
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fi fl fi fi Ifl _
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V <_ fi flfi h fi _fl fl_.
_ fl_
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127
_ I_ _
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fi fi _
Ifi .
flfi_ fi
V_ fifl .
fi_ *
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fi _ fi \ _ _ fi fl_ _.
fi fi \.
flfi fl {fl H.
Hfi fl Hfi fl .
kfl {{ H-@ H fi
.
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fl H_
fi fi fl.
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Vfi_ fi fl_ fl
fl
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flH 10 Hfi fi
fl _ Ofi H fi . H
fl . fl fi CH O _V _ fi
_fi CH O I w _ fl
. I Ofi Hfi
fl CH Ofi H fl fl .
(1) Ofi_ ^ fi _ . (fi
fl .) fl_ _V _ - V .
fi fi_ flH
, ifi, fl, fl, Tp, fl
fl, fi, fi
fi, fl, , fi
fi fi, fi, fi, fi_, fiBfi, fi, fi,
fi_hH
< , fiflfl, fi, fi
, fiF, fiVM,
fi fiflZfl, fifl_
fiV, fi_, fi, fifl, fiH , fifi, fi,
fi, fiH
fl fl, fl, fl, flH, flI, fl,
fl, fl_
fl, >, ZH, fi, fi, fi,
_,
S, ifi, , , M, @, ,
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128
Hfi fi
129
130
- fi, fi
(4) fi _ C .
ifi, flfi, Vfifi, Vfi
(5) L fi _ C .
fiL, flL, flL, flfi, , L, k
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(6) Z-Z_ C .
flZ, flZH, flZ, Z, Z
(7) Ifl C .
flV, , , fl, w.
(8) fi _ fi H V .
Bfi, fi, p, Tp, p
(9) - fi C fi .
, Sfi
(1
0) fl Ofi _ C .
(10
fl, fl, fl
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fifl, fl
Hfi fi
131
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>fl_, , fi, fl, , _, <_,
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(12) flH, fi , I w_ fi C fi
.
flH, flH, aflH, , H, Cfi
(1
3) fifl_ fifi _ V .
(13
fi, , , , V, fiH,
, Z, V, VflH
(1
5) lq q Ifl V .
(15
q, fiq, q
(1
6) p_ H V .
(16
fip, flp, p, p
(1
7) fi _ V .
(17
, ,, fi, fl, fl, wfl, fl
(1
8) I Ifl V .
(18
fi, , , , fi, , _
- fi fi - fi fi
132
(1
9 ) I I fi_ fifi _ C V .
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-
V - VI
V - V
(20
20)) fi_ fi H V .
fi, flC, Wb
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(21
21)) O_ Zfl _fi , , V .
W, T, I, fl, flp, S,
Ofi Hfi fi
(1) Zfl_ fi Zfl H fi Zfl fl.
Jfl, A_, K_
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C Zfl _fi C .
fifl, fifl, fl, >, ^fl, ^fl, , ,
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133
134
fl_ fl fi Ofi H
fl _ H O fi H fl_
fl , _ fi, H_ L H
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Efi . CH O fi . fl-fl, <-_
<,_ _fl-_h, fi-fi, fl-, fl-fl B, -M, -, flfl-fl, flfi-flQfi, V, -, Q-, fi-fi, fi-fi, fifiV, fi-L, H-H, -, Z-Z,
flfl-flfl, fi-fi, -,-S, -, , -{, fl-fl, fl-, -V, fl-, fl fl, C-_ C,_ flH-flfi, flp-flp, fl-fl, , -, _-_ _ ,_ -, -, -,
fi_-fi_, -, lH-lH, fi-fi_, fl-fl, -,
Vp-Vq, -, -_
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fl_ fl fi Zfl {,
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fl fi O_ _fi CH O .
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135
fl-fl
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fl-fl
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flfl-fl
fl-fl
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fl-fl
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136
_-fl_
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flH-flfi
-
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T<-T<
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fi-fi
fl-Cfl
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H_ L fl fi
h
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137
S
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fifl
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B
BV
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flfl
fi
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fiflfi
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fi
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fifi
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138
fl
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hflI
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flfi flfi
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fi
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fl_ fl _ Ofi H
H _ fi V fi
flfifi flfi _ . fl_ H fi
fi_ fi fl_ fi fl V fl fl . _fi
fi flfi _ fi O @ fl fi fl_
Hfi fi
139
flfi _ H . fl _ H
Ofi_ flflH _ . fi fl fi
_ fi flfi_. l _
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H fl C flfi . _ fl
_ Ofi H . Hfi
fl _ Ofi H _fi fi_ _ Ofi
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fi fi O V_ fl M .
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flO
"fi fifl
V *
fl
"fl
fl O
fl"S
"fiflfl
fi
fl
fi
L
"flfi
fi "
"
fifi
V
140
"fl
-V
flfl
\fifl
fi
F
fifl
fi"
fl
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fi
_
fi
L
fi
Lfl
"L
{fi
"Mfi
u
"fi
flfi
fi
fi
fifi
fi
O
O
fl
fl
L
fi
Lfi
"
"
fi
fi
_
"fl_
fi
fiVfl
L
fl
Lfl
fl
"fifl
Vfifl
fl
VL fl
fl V>
Qfl
"
fl
fl
flfl
V
Qfi
H wfl fi
(1) ^ . , H _ fl_.
(2)
- . , fl _ _, .
(3) @fi I .
, _ za ? flfi fl^ _.
Hfi fi
141
(4) fl@ O .
.. , fl_fl, _, fi,
(5) fi T ^_ _. , fl , , fl,
, flV fl fl.
(6) H, .
(7) ^ . .., flH _ ,
(8) fi h . .. , h
(9) fl ^_ _. , , _ , @_
_.
(10) _@ _ fl ^<_ _. , fiA_, fl
, _ fl.
(1
1 ) fi_ fi _. .. , fl, , __ _> ,_<
(11
fl, flflH
Zfl_A_ fi E fifi
flfi \_ H .
fl-H, fl-F_, Tk_-fi, fl-fl, -
fiVfl _fi fi
fiVfl fifi fifl T_fi , G, H, fi, fl_
fiVfl fl _V I O_ \ fi
Efl, ,
L, H, Q
O_ Efl O, ,
(fl) _, _(H), ()
142
Hfi fi
143
fi _ fi fl_
fi fl H fl_ fi fi fl__
__ fiVfl .
, fl fi fi _ _.
fiVfl flfi _ H fi
fi .
3. fiLfl (fi__)fi O_ I_
fiVfl . ,
fl_ (fi), _ (H), >fl_ (fi), fl_ (L), _
()
fiLflfi O_ I_ fiVfl
fi. _, _, _, fl, fl. ( O H
fl H fi fiVfl . , fifi_ _,
fifi_ _, <_ )
4. fiLfl (fi__)fi Ofi fifi _ fl
H, L fi __ T@fi_ fi fi fi fl
fiVfl U . ,
fl_ e fl fl_ e (H)
_ _ fl _ _ (H)
_ fl _ (L)
flfi_ fl flfi_ (__ T@fi_ fi)
fl_ Cfl fl fl_ Cfl fi
fi fi _ O Ffl fl @fi I
144
, H fl fiLflfi W , Ifl
fi_ fi fiVfl fifi flfi .
(fi_ B H fiVfl
flfi fl .)
_ @ fl @_fi fl fiVfl
fi. (fifi _ @_fi _ fl fiVfl
.)
<_ Cfl fl Cfl_fi fl fiVfl fi.
(fifi _ Cfl_fi _ fl fiVfl .)
fi_ flH fl fi flHfi fi_ fl fiVfl
fi. (fifi fi_ flHfi fi fl fiVfl .
_fi, fi_fi fi fi O H fi fl.
hH fiLfl (fi__)fi fi fi_ fl_ fi
fi_ fl_ fiVfl flfi . H h_ fi
fl _fi, fl fi_fi fl fifi
fl_ _fi, fl_ fi_fi fl_ fi fiVfl fi
.
5. fiLflfi fl Ofi fi fifl fi_ _
fl w_ fiVfl U . ,
e_ _ __ _ _ e_ fifl
L_ fi _fi _ fl fiVfl .
CH_ fl_ _ * __ H fl _ *
_ _ hH B fiVfl .
6. \\ fi_ fifi_ fl H, fl_
Hfi fi
145
fiLflfi_ w fl fi I_ H fiVfl U
. ,
* Vhfl_ Vh fifl fi fl fifl
fi w * __ H * fi _
_fi B fiVfl .
fl fiL, fi fi fi fi_ __
fl fiL fifl, fi fifl fi fiLfl
\\ fi fifl _fi _ fl
fiVfl .
7. fiLfl (fi
_ _) L fi O fiflfi
fi Ffl fi ( fi flfifl) Ifl
fi_ w (F_ H _ I_) fiLfl
fi L _fi fi_ fi fiflfi fi
_ fi_ fi_ w_ H fiVfl U
. ,
a fl<_ flz_.
fi_ fi_ fl_ _ _.
__ flH * _.
fi
_ _ fi fl _@ fl
Ifl fi fl H fiVfl . ,
\_. \_. S_ _.
L L fl _ _ fl I_ fiVfl
_ fi. S_ _ fl_ flfi ; S _
fl_ flfi fl .
146
8. Mfi T fl Lfi_ w
fiVfl_ . ,
fl_ *.
_ _ fi.
__ fi .
9 . fl fifi_ _ Ffl fi Ifl fi_
fi, H fi fi kfi_ w_
H fiVfl U . ,
_ \_. _ _ \_. _ fl_.
10. fi Ofi fl_ Ofi_ fi H
(fi _ fl H, flfi) fiVfl fi
. ,
fiLflfi fifi _ w fi fl_
_ _ . fifl, fifl fi fiLfl hH
fl, Vh fi w fi
fl_ _ _ * . ( B fiflfi
fl O fi flfi_
.)
11. flH @fi _ I__ fiVfl fi
fi fi .
Cfl_ fi _ . Cfl fi <_ .
12. fiVflfi LfiLfi Efl fi fl_ fi.
@ I_ fiVflfi S_ fifi fl .
Hfi fi
147
, _ H fi L H .
_Ifi H fi LIfi H .
_ H fi H H .
H fi L H .
H Lfi B _ fi fi _fi B
(Q H) L fi fl.
13. O_ fiVfl fi I_ fi .
, fl fl_ ; fl fi. fic fl_ ; fic_
fi. <_ fl_ ; _<_ fi ( fl_ .) fl_ ; fi. fi
fl_ ; fi_ fi. (fi, fifl fi fifl fl_ .) _
fi_ fi __ _ , _ fl_ ; _ _ fi.
___ _ fi _ _fi V fiVfl fl; fl_ _ _ fl
fiVfl fi. _ fiVfl_
, fi fiVfl fi fi_ .
_fl fl_ fiVfl-p .
148
(fl _)
_ _ _fl flfi _ _,
fi , k fi _;
Vfi @_ H fl-,
F fi ifi, L fi Z.
H _ fi __ ,
ifi H - _ fi - ;
_ fl- _ - ,
-flfi flQ fi !
fi fiLfl_ CH H fl,
, fifi Ofi fl fl;
H fi fi_ fl fi,
_ fl fl I_ {{ fi.
Hfi fi
149
_ e _ _ ! _ Efl,
_ e _ _ ! fi_ H fl;
\_ fi fifl, I_ _ fi,
H_ fi H_ HH_, H H ? 5
fi _, _ fifl _<_ fi fi H ,
fi { _ fl fi fi ;
fl fi fl_, fi _fi fi;
_ fi __ fi.
fi F_ fi fl , fi I_ fi fl,
fifl _ _, fiI fl;
Sfi _ _ , @_ _ ?
fi fl yfi fl .
h, fl fi fl fi_ fl
_ fi _ fi fi VMfi_ Vfl;
_ flQ _fi __ fi ififi W fl_,
8
ifi_ H __-_ fi _ fl_.
- Lfl
flH 11 flfi
_ fl fi Vp fl_ flfifi H U
. _fi T@fi flfi_ flfi fl . @
H_ _ fi _ flfi
fi . flfi fi fi H fl fl fi _
fi fi fi flfl
fl . fl flfifi fl fifi_
. flfifi _ flfl H .
flfi T@fi fl fl_
; TflHfi fifi _ fi. flfi fi fl,
@ _ _ fl, Tfi V< fi flfl fl fl _
fi .
flfi fi p H . Hfi flH
Tfi Vp fl . flfi fl_ fl ,
flfi fi Mw T _ fi fl .
, fi fl fi, fi .
flfi T_ Sfl fi Hfl fi fl_
. Sfl Tfi _fl _ fi Hfl @fi
_ . fi fl fi fl O Sfl fi
Hfl _ ? fi O fi
- fi fl hH O flfi Hfl _ .
fl_ T_ fi fl fi. fi fl .
@ flfi . O wfl fi fl fi
fl fl fi
fl Ofi fl fl . T@_ C
_ S_ ._ T@ fi _fi T _
150
fl fi
151
152
(2) Sfl
F_ flfl_ fi H S (<_) fi_ fi I_
Sfl . flfi fifi flfi
1. CH_ fi, H T_ Ifl S
flfi Sfl . ,
fl, ZH, fl fi hCfi fl E . ZH
flfl_, fi _, _ . fl K_
, _ fl, VV flfi
fiY.
2. _fi fl Sfl . ,
fl, _flfi .
3. k, >__, , , flfl, (fi h_ ) fl
O Sfl . ,
k, fl Z .
4. flH fi fi _ Sfl . ,
_ _ , flH fl .
5. hfi_ w_ _fi _fi fi
Sfl . ,
fi, fi r,
6. , fi, , _, , fl @fi w_
flfi Sfl . ,
, H A_ .
_, fl H fi ?
fl fi
153
7. fl Ifi _ fl Ifl fi fl
Sfl . ,
h, , I, fl, fl H .
8. flHfi fl_ _ Sfl . ,
fl S, fi i _ _ \_.
9. fiflH_ (fl flF_) Sfl \_
_ . ,
Cfi, flH< , VhVh F flH_H_
fl.
10. @ fi, , , H, fl_, fl
Sfl \_ . ,
- *, H fl fl
fi_ fiW fl.
(_ @ fifi_fifi_ Sfl fi H .
, _ J H fiW fiu.)
11. -, -, Ffl-Ifl, - fl _ @
Sfl \_ . ,
flhfi _fl fl fi , _
Cfl U .
( B H @ fifi_fifi_ Sfl fi
H . , flh
.)
12. __ @_ _ Sfl .
, k <fi fifl , flH @ , fl
154
, fl . E , H <fi H fi CH fl
fi fi fl_ .
fifi flV_ Sfl fi fl
(1) fi (_i) H fl fl_ Ifl
(2) flH _ fi
(3) _ Ifl
(fi, , fl, I Ofi _ Sfl
fl fi fi fl. Sfl F_ fl_ I_
fl_; fi fl fi fl.)
(3) fl
@_ F_ fi_ I_ Sfl fl fi
fl fi_ Hfl \_ - I_
fl fl . @_fi_ fifi , fifl
@ fl fl^ fl @ E L (_)fi
fi fl Ifl fl . _@ @fi_ _
E Ffl fifl L fl_ Ifl I_ fl fl
. ,
fl W fl fi @ ; fi_
fifiHfi_ fi ; fi zfi fl fl
.
(4) wfl
Hfl fl , Hfi fl_ Ifl
flfl . ,
H fl H, Zh, U fi .
fl fi
155
(5) fi
, , yfl _fi H Ifl
fi . ,
! flH fiC ! ()
! L fl fi ! (_)
flfl ! I_ ! ()
fl <hfi ! (yfl)
(6) ffifl
@_ fi I_ fi . ,
@_ fl ?
l @ fi A @_ H
rfl . ,
fi _ fl I_ ?
fl, l@fi @_ fi _fi @
E fifl L fi H fl
. ,
_, fi T ?
B E fifl L fi
_ H fl _ fi. ,
_ fi T ?
@ _ fi A@ fi @_
fi _ __ fl fi fl ,
_ T H fi.
(_ T? H fi. fi.)
156
(7) flHfi
fi O fi fi O_ fl
fl flHfi . ,
_ , fi fi H fi_ fl flH fi_z H_
.
_, S, fi fi-
O @ fl fl Ifl flHfi_
.
fi flHfi_ fi .
flHfi <_ <_ fl_ __ y fi fi.
fi _fl fi_ @ >__ <_ fi __ <_
fl_ fi . _ , F_
flHfifi _fl H B flHfi fl_
I_ fl <_ fi _fl <_ fl <_ fi _fl
<_ fl_. flHfi <_ fl <_ fi
<_ fl <_ flb_ fl_.
(8) fi
O_ Zflfi Ifl fi fl .
,
fi_ fi fl _ fl.
( fi_ fi _ .)
flH 12 L
_ H EflHQ, HQ, fiVflfi
fiH , TflHfi fifi Hflfi fl
flHfl fl , _ fl_
.
(1) fl_ Ofi _ T_fi Efl fi fi
fi flH L O fi . . .
Z-Z
z-
z-
L-fi
(2) HQ H kfi . .. C fi
C-
Cflb_-flH_
CH-H
C-C ()
-_
-_
-_
_-_
-_ _
-_
fi-w
_fl-,lH
_fl-
157
158
-MJ,
B-Cfl fl B
O fl _ CH .
(6) fi fl fi Vp Efl fi fi flH H . p_
fi Efl . fi p_ fi Efl t fl
.
Vp (fi) fi p ()
(7) @fl O fia , H fi \\
. _ H fi . . .
flfi_, , B, lB, ZflB, l
flfi flfi_ fi .
flfi B_ B O
fl H.
(8) fi, fi, , , , , fl, R _ _fi
_ CHfl .
V, fl Ofi fi
fi, fi , _ _ Ifl fi_
fi_ fi fi V, flfi
H . ,
159
1. flVfi fi fi fifi H fl fi
fi fi -fi fl fl .
2. _fi _ _, fi >@_ .
3. _fi_ _ flfi_ fl fl_ .
() Ffl O , fl Ifl @fi
_ , , fl, O
fi_ flfl .
h fl _E fi.
flfi_ _ fi.
fl _ fi.
_ fi.
_ @ fi.
() fl, I, fl @ O fi .
fl fiflfl fi_ fi fl I fi fl_ .
_fi fl S_ Hfi flfi .
fi fiflfl fi __ M
.
fl > flpfiH_ .
() -
@_ O fi fi O
.
H .
Hfi fi H fl .
160
fl fl_ .
fi _ fi fi O \ fi_ wfl
fi. fi fi O .
fl_ fi M_.
fi _ fifi T@fi _fi .
(C) ... ... Ffl... Ifl... F_... I_ w O_
fi O fi fl H @fi _ fl fi
_ fi. fi F_ wfl fi fl I_
fl fi fiwfl . ,
1. .
2. Ffl fl fl Ifl fi .
3. fll I_ .
(9) _fi_ fifi_ w fi _ l fi
T@fi , Ffl H_ l fi @ _fifi
1. H _ _fi P .
2. fi __ _ _Vfi H
fl fl .
(10) fi _fi O _fi_ LfiLfi Vw
. O fi , ,
fl . O _fi_
w fi _ , @ fl H flfl fl .
, _ EflQfi . . .
_ ^@ fl.
161
fi flV fl I w fl_ .
<_ fl Ifl fi fl _ .
Ifl fi.
(1
1 ) , .
(11
Ffl Vfi wfl Ifl
fi fi O
.
_ fl .
fl fl_ fi .
(1
2 ) - fl fl_fi_ LfiLfi w .
(12
fi fl fl flA fi _ .
fl fi .
T fl_ Hfi _ .
fi _ .
fl fl_ fi * .
(1
3 ) HT, FH
(13
HT Hfi, fi fifl_ fl .
HT L fl fl fl . ,
fl HT fl_ flfl fl_ fi .
wfl HT V _ . (
fl_ .)
H H fl, .
H fl .
162
(1
4)
(14
(1
5)
(15
(1
6)
(16
(1
7)
(17
fl U H fi flV fi.
, B
, , .
fl_-fl_ fi
.
B .
_ B fl _ _ .
fl, fl
fl fl, B .
fl fi fi fl fi .
a_ fl .
fl Ifi_ .
Bfi_ Bfi_ fl
fi .
@_, @_
_fi Ofi H_ fi Efl_ Q , fl_
@_ _ fi V . @_ _fi
_@ T_fi fi H fl fl .
1. @_ HT_ fi _. (@_
B)
2. @__ V H.
fi fl O fl fi.
_H
_
163
@ H
@; @ H
<<_
<<_
Ffi H
Ffi
fi fl
fi
V
V
,
fi
fi
fl
fl
fi_ H
@ TflHfi p _ H Tfl_
Tfl_ V fi.
< _
fl _
fifl u_
l *
flHfi_ flC
Vfih
fi Ifi
flC
h
(18)
(18)Ofi B
B Ofi fl Z fi fi fi
fi. , _ B .
fi_ H_ .
fi _ H .
fl flVfi_ fi . fl flV ,
fl fl
fl fl.
164
(19) Ofi B H
O @_ B _ fl fi fi Z
fi fi fi B B fi fl .
1. fl __ fi_ fl . ()
fi_ fl fl __ . ()
2. <fl fi fl . ()
<fl fi fl . ()
3. H fi_ . ()
H fi_ . ()
4. fl fi _ _ fi e . ()
fl e fi _ _ . ()
(20) flfifi B
flfi B B wfl . L
fi <_ Cfi _ .
1. _ fl, fi flfiflfi Z . ()
_ fl fi, flfiflfi Z . ()
2. fl_ fi, A fi fl. ()
fl_ fi-A fi fl. ()
(21) flZ flfi (Indirect narration)
fl_ TV fi H _ fi flfi flH
CHfl IZ flfi (Direct
narration) fl _ .
fl _ fi fi. ()
165
fl _ fl fi. ()
a _ fi. ()
a _ _ fi. ()
(22) _ifi fifl _ . fi H fi.
flL flH fi_ fi. ()
flL flH fi_ L. ()
fi fl_ fl_ fl_ L. ()
fi fl_ fl_ fl_ fi. ()
(2
3) _fi
(23
_, _, _ _ _fi fl fiVfl
U .
. ()
_ _ . ()
fi _fl . ()
fi _ _ _fl . ()
(2
4) ^ fi O ^ fi _ B fi.
(24
_ H . ()
_ H . ()
fi . ()
fi . ()
166
_ 4
fi
flH 1 hTfl
flH 2 fi_-fi
flH 3 fl-Vfl
flH 4 _Zfi
flH 5 fi
167
_ 4
fi
L fi
.. 1947_ V_h _ b_ VflF w _.
, fi flFfi fl fi
_ , . fi I_ fi VflF T_
fi. flfi _fifi 343 _Cfi fl
_ fi 345 flF_ flfl
fi flfi ^ . fl
flFflfi U fiT_ . _ V fi
fi fl fi _ fl flfl fi
. flfi fi fi . fi fl
flfifi M fl flVfi _ .
h A fl _ _, fi_, _
fl fl flF-_ fi fl _, fl_
_ fl _ Tfl fl H kflkfl
@ fi_ fi_.
flV_ fl flF fi Vfifi _
flfl fl_ flfi fifi fl fl fi
flFfi fi fl fi _fi fl fi
. flF-_ fi fi VflF-Mfi
V fl_ . fi _ flF -flfi
fi Tfl fi _ flfi, S flfi fl
fifi hfi kfl _ fi fi _ _fi
168
fi
169
U fi _ fi
flfi fi flh 1948 1950 _ .
_ flF S Zfi fifi flfi fifi hTfl_ _fi Vfi fi Ifl
fl fi fi
. fl flF fi _ flF-fi
fi, fi Z H flfi fl flh
fi . (\, flF-_ fl
fi _fi flh_/ L ), fi
w, flfl fl, flh, flfi_, fifi (Forms),
fi, fi flfi_ , flfi_ t-fi fi
fi_ fi, fl fifi hTfl fi
flfi fi fl_, fi fi _fl
Tfl_ _ fi Tfl_ fl fi
flfi fl .
flfl _ flfi _ U
t fi flfi_ fi fl
flF V_ fl_ fl. fl flfl fl
fl Ofi fi fi fl_ fl
fi H _ Ofi fl _
T Hfi fl fl. fi fi
_fiI Sir fi lfi fi ,
Collector fi fl Deputy Collector
fi fl -, Notification
flfi_ fi, V fi fl
170
H fl fl, fi . fi
_ Ofi, fi Cfl fi fl
fifi , flfl fi _ fi fi_
H O_ fi_ . V fi
fi, fl, , fi, , ,
, fi, , V, fl fl
fl O fi _ fi "@ (Act), V_
(Stamp) (Seal,) LL (Contingency) fl
(Process) _ O Ifl fl T .
fl , , , , Ffl, L,
, , , _fifl _
O fi flHfi fl_ fl_ _ <_
fi. L Tflfi fl _ H _Afi
fl _ O fiIflfi fi , fi
_ fi fi. fi O
- H_ __ fi .
fi SHflFfi flFfi_
Vfl_ . flV_ fi_ O_ H
Vfl. CH fi _ Ofi fl H fi fl.
_ fl fi fi fl fi p
Z fl fi fl O fi fi _
_ O . flI
fi. _ , fifl fi
fl fi fl _. fi_
fi B fl I fi ( fifi_ _
fi
171
1. flfl fl
fl_ fi_
2. _ _
2. @ _
3. fiH M .
3. fl .
172
4. fi flH
4. fl fl_ C.
fl fi.
5. (fifi Z_fi) 5. (flfl) _ ;
8. - fl h
9. - fi _
9. - fi .
10. - fl _ .
10. - fl fl.
11. fififl/ififl
12. fi fl fl
fi.
12. fi fl
fl .
fifi . -flfi
flfl fi _fi Whereas, Provided, Provided
further, As the case may be fl flfi fi V
_fi H fl_ . _ flfifi fifl Z flfi
fi fl_ fi_ , T fl fl fi fl
fi fi fl fi_ fl_, fi ,
__ fl fi fl_ flfi fl_ fl
fl_ fi _, _ U fl fi.
fi flfifl H H V_h fl H_
fi.
fi
173
174
;_
L;
L fl
@
flfi_
flH
fl
fi fl_ VZfl
S
fl--flfi_ flfi_
flZ
flZa; fl T
Tfl
flI
___ M
P
_
C
C_; B
fi
fi
175
176
fi
177
178
. flfl H_ _h/ fi
fi. fi Vfl_ _ _, fl flfi
_ fl . _ fi
fl \_ _ fifi _
fi _ _ <_ fi. __ fi
H _ H_ _ fl T fi fl T@
fl .
fl fi fi hTfl_ @_ fi, b_
fiwfl fl fi _. _
fifi h_ , fl , H flfl
fl fl fl, fl , P
fl. fi flfl fl-flfi
U H C fi ww
H_ Lw .
10. S, _ , kfi
fi flfl H_ fl .
TflHfi p flfi H, fiVfl, flfi,
, fi fi @flfifi fifi, flfl flh,
, fl fl fl fi Efi _fl Tflfi
fi _ flfl fi. flfl
H, fl, flfi_, , fi, hfi kfl, flfl
fi fl fi w_ L _ .
flfl Kings English H, fifiw fi fi
p fi fi fi .
fi
179
flfl fi-Tfl
flfl _ _ Hfi h fi
fi.
hfi fi wfl fl fi. ,
Hfi fl fi kfl , fi V, kfl
flfi fl_ fl . h fi kfl
fl_ fi Hfi V flfi
kfl . fi hTfl fi fl fifl fi
fi fi> . h fi_ __/
flfi fi> .
-Z fi Efi fi
fl flfl _fi
fi-Tfl_ fi-fi
l . H _ H w fl
(Ogriginating Enactment) fl H w
fl flfi fi fl
Hfi fi fi fl fi fl
fi (U.O.R) fi fl _ .
TV_ V flfi_ fiwfl fi .
h_ fl_ hTfl fi
fl fl _ CH flfl E fl
fi_ _H fl fi .
flfl H _ hw . fi-flfl T@
_V fl _ Hfi flfl fifl_ fi
flfi fi flfi, flI Kfi
180
_ , kfl fl fi h
_ .
flg flfi h fl_ , fl ,
Ifi Hfi flfi flfi fi fl_ h
.
fl flfl fl flF flflfi (_/__)
fi T@ fi flPfi H H
h .
fl_ fi fl fl fi fi flw h
. L fl fi fl_
, fi h
. flF flflfi_ _/ fl E _fl_fl
hTflfi_ H <_ fl .
flfl hfi flfl Hfi_ _ Vwfi
fi flH_ fl . h fl_
fi H fi fl p H.
flH 1 h-Tfl
hfi_ L Vw
flfl h_ kfi , fi , H
\ fl flfl O fi h fifl ,
flfi_ fi fi flfi_, hfi hH fi_fl fi
fl fi . kfl fifl flfi _
_ _ . fi fi_flfi H \ \ fl
h hTfl flfi H .
flfi flfi_ fi fi fi_fl fl fi_ >_<_ flfi_ H
_ . @fl fi_flfi ^ fi fifi \
H , H hfi \ h fifl
flfi_ fi / fi t hfi fi_fl H \
"_ , \ h fifl flfi_ fi
t T fi fi fi _ T@
flfi_ fi, t/ _/ /fl/ flfi_ fl .
_ O fi _ hfi
>__ _ fi . hfi
fi h_ fl HT O fi
h_ fl wfl H. h t
___ , flfi fl Vp
fi S flfl hTfl_ wfl
H.
fi _fi, _ flF flflfi fl L
flfl fl fl flfl _ fl
_fi Ofi _ fifi -fifi wfl
fi.
181
182
hTfl
183
184
4.2.1. h
L Vw
(1) H \ hfi_fl, h fifl / /
flfi_ fi fi flfi_ fi fl _. fi fi_fl fi
flfi_ _>_ w H _.
(2) Ifl \ fi fi _ T@
flfi t fi T@fi_ fl_ flfi_ _.
(3) fi fl fi K_ O fi _
hfi >__ .
(4) hfi w_ _fifi O lfi l ,
fi hfi _ fl fi fl
_. _ hTfl S I_ S hfi S fl
fi / flfi ... fi h fi_.... ___ fi/
ififl/ fififl Hfi_ O A
H fl _.
(5) I _ fl .
(6) H fl_ \ fi fi fi
flfi_ fi t _.
(7) fi flfi _ I_ flfi ....fi
h fi_....fi fi_fi_ O .
(8) _fi O flfi , , , _
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ZH fi_ flZH flfi fl . , V fi
I fi -fl @ fi.
-fl Ifi_ ZH fi . flFfi
fi H fi flFfi fi
I fiflfi . _ @ fl_ fi H
fi_ flF_ flfi ZH fl_ _
fi ZH fl fl _ . flfi_ __ H
fl fi _ Kfi fi CH
fl . Ifi ZH _ Hfi
fi. _ _flflp H wfl, H fi flH
V _ flfi Z fi _
?
fl_ " Z flfl ." fi
H_ _Vfl fi __ fi fl fi
fi . fl -fi_
BL_ L H fi _ fl fi.
Z fl H fi fl Ifi B H
fi fi. _ _ Hfi @fl fi _ ?
fl _ P fl _ H fl fi_ TflH ifi Cb_ b_ . flH Vp . fl Kfi _
fl , , ifi,
j, H fl fi fl , fl_
fi Z fi_ ifi wfl fl H fi
228
fi_
229
230
2. fi
fi fl flp_ , fi
fi fl . rL _ fl fl
fi fl_ , fi fi
_ . fl . _fi hfl _, VflFfi
? _ _, I. fl flFfi fi
fl_ fi fl fl flH fi
\ fi fi fi fi
H \ fi ?
fl flF fi _
fl fl fi fl . flH
fifi fl-fl--fl fi _ fi_
fi fi V flF_ fl_ . fi O,
fi- fi fl_ U_ fi Vfl _, flH
fi fi ___ fi kfi_ fl . _
fl @flfifi H fi flF fi L
E fi Hflfi H T.
fi fl_ Kfi_
fl , fi _ p
\ fi y C _ .
fi Vflfi V fi H fi. H
H _ Vfi K fl
fi H @ . H _ E
fi fi , fi
fl fi fi fl, flfl fi Tfl_ fi
flH fi Tfi U fi fi.
fi_
231
fi fi _ Vw _ fi fi
ZH fl . Tflfi_
Zhfi fi H . fi
fi H . hflIfi zfi, V Ifi
fi fl fi_ H
_ Vw . fi Zh_ '''' Ofi
h . _ ? fl_ _fi z_
fi H _ fi _ fi. fl
z _Ifi ZH . H _
z _ fi _fi fi H
. fl fi A ZH fi fi ?
H_ fl fi__ _ fi H
fl . fi_ fifl Vp fi
wfl . , fi
ZH fi fl .
fl fi H {{ fl fi Ofi
H_ _ fi . __ @ CHfl @p_ fl fl
fi _ @ @fl Hfi fi _
fi , fl >__ @ fifi fl Vp fl . C
fi_ Ifi_ _ . fi fiwfl Vfl
CH fl _H fl . H fi >_<_ tflfi_ H
Cfi fi fi . fi fl__ Tfl_
H H Tk, H, fl fl T@ fl
fi fl _ IZ k fl fi flZ
k \_ , fl_ fi _ flZ k fl
fi IZ k fiTI .
232
_, _ h, flfl h, fi, fl
_ flZ (Objective) kfi IZ k
(Subjective)fi fl . _ fl fi
. Tfl fi flfi _ _
fifl fifi_ flfl, fl fi fi fl
fl fl flfi flfi fi Tfl fl
fi fl . fl_ fl fl _
fi _ . H I_ fi fi
fi _ Cb_fl_ __ fl fi fi
fl_ fi fi H fl\ .
Ffl flFfi fl_ Ifl fi __
fl flfi fl _ fl fl_ fi fl
_ fl fl_ _ fi H U fl
fi fi L fl fi.
H _ fi fl HT fi
ZH @fl ? fl fi Vp
flfl fl_ fl K _ fih,
, H flfifi H fi fl
fl kfi_ . fi fi Ifi fi B
@ fi. flfl @ fl
fi flfl fi _ kfi
. Tk fi _ fl
fi_ K fl flfl flfl fi
fi fl fl . _ fifi
fi fl fifi, flFfi L fi
fi_
233
fi. H flfi fl , fl K
flFfi fi flfi I fl fifl .
@ fi H fi fi fl fl
H fi Ifi fl H fl
_ fl _ fl Ifi
fi H fl fi fl . fl
fl flfl CH Ifi fl . fi-fl fl,
fl flFfi SS fl fi
fl fl fl flfi fi
_, _ fi __ fi @ fi
K flF_ fl flH_
, Vfi fi H.
flH 3 fl-Vfl
fi fl fi_ fi @fl h Vw fl^ fl .
fi h_ p fl _fi hfi fi
Vfl . @fi kfi tfi Vfl
, - p fl^ fl_ fi . fl-Vfl
fifi kfi t Kfi_ fl wfl
(1) @, fi __ h_ A flfi fi
Vp Vfl fl. fi fi .
(2) @ hfi flfi Vfl fl. wfl , ,
flH, p_ < fl fi fi H fl.
(3) H __ fi _.
(4) fl-Vfl_ @ fiI w
. fi fiw , fl _ fl^ fl.
(5) flfi T@_ Vp _B fl fi fi
A fl.
fifiw H fi M_
(1) k V fl fi , fi fl.
lW H V, , ifi, _ H fl
, fi , V h T@fi
fl_ fl fl_ fi. h fl .
fi Hk . fl_ _ fl
fl V . Yfi . .., _
W t Y fl_ fi. Y fi
J _ wfl . fi fifl flfl . _ fl
fi fi fl fl _ ? {__ flfiflfi
234
fl-Vfl
235
236
(4
(4)) _ flfi fl \_.
fl fl fi_ fl T@ fl . _ _
fl fi fl fi flp fl flfl fl^
fl . fi flp T@ , fl_ fi
Ifi_ H p k T@ fl . fl _
flF_ . flF_ fi fi_
k . fl flF_ fl fi_ V _ ,
fl_ fl fl fl fi fi
. flHfi flfl _ Vfi M_ . flfi
H flpfi fifi H T@ fl . fi fi
fi I _fifi_ _ k T_ . _fl
H fi Lw fl_ _ _ fl fl.
(5) .
_V_ HT_ fl , fl W
... H , flH fi
fi fi fi fi_ fl
fi _ . fi H
H H fi. fi .
fl fl - H
fi \\ fi \\ k_ H Hfi \\
_ .
(6) .
_V , fi_V . _ fi_
Vw \_ flfi H . wfl _ fi L
fi fl _ fl flfi . H H fl
fi _, flH fi_ VI fi fi-Tfl
fl-Vfl
237
fifi flfi F fl _ . F fi
, _ fi. \\ fi T@fi H
. Z fi Zfi _ CH
. Z fi _Vfl fi T@fi p
fi P H, Ffl Z fi fi ifi fifi
CHfl H . T@ fl
fi Hw . _ _ .
@ CH _ fi > fi fi_ _fl
fl_ fifi_ _ fifl fl . flH fiflfi
fi fi Hfi fl H fl _ _ fih
flfl .
(7) H Vh .
H fi fi fi fi_ fi fl
Y_ , H fl _ fl fl
fi. _, _, fl fi flfi <fi
. , flfi fl , fl fi
fl . , fl
fl. fl fi H fifi fi .
Zfl , fl Ifi
flfi T fi . fi I_ fl-flfi_
_fl fi . @ @fi __ fl H
, , Ifl fi flfl
fi fl H fl . fi
fi , . fi fi fl Efl_
@_ fi_ fifi h _ fi fl_ ,
fl fi H CHfl H
238
H fi_ I _ Ifl @
fl H fi fi_ H . _ CH
@ H fi fl_ H- @Tfi
flH fi fl fiA . I _, V fi_,
, Lfi fl L H Vh fl_ fi
Vh Hfi Vhfi fi_ fi__ fi .
(8) fi _ fl flH_ fl.
Kfi fl Ifi fi _fi
fl @_ fi fi_ Vp . fi _
fl (\Vfl) fifl fi fi K fi H
fi . fi H
fi _ fi_ ifi *.
fi _ fl @ fl H
H fi . H fi_
fi fl fl flH fi . flZ p
Kfi _ H fi_ h
fi _fi Iflfi fi H
. fi Ifl,
@ ifi , , , , fl , fl
fi_ OW H fl fi fl
fi fi Ifi_ fi * . flHfl
fi_ I H-H_ _fi fl _ fi
fl _ _ fi, H _ _ .
flH 4 flfi
_ZflH fl_fi VIH
H fi O_ fl >_H_ . CHfl _
O_fl, _fl, fifl@, fiw VIflH
flHfl _H _ . fi flfl fl U
fi @T , y fi flfl fi .
HT H H . flfl flfi
fi VK wfl fi .
flfi _ZflH_ Hfi fi
_ AA t flfi >_H_ fi fl _ fl^
fl_ . _ fi fi fi wfl .
tflfi_ fi wfl fi fiwfl Efi
flfi @ fi flH flfi _ZflH U .
flfi fifi t Kfi_ fl
(1) fl Kfi _ . fl fi
-hH fl _ fi fi fl_
fl fl _ ._
(2) kfi fi fikfi flfi \ ,
flfi_ fikfi V fl fl .
(3) _ZflH fl_ h fi O fl_ H.
k, fi VH flfi wfl fi.
(4) H_ {H{H fl. _ fl
O O, fl O
O \ fl. \_\_ @_ fi
239
240
fl fi
241
H H fi fi_ fifl fi
fl_ H fi fi fl H _ fl-fiflfi
fl fi fi_ fi V fi Tk __
fi fi . H H _ ? fifi
fl fi fl I fl . F_ \ I_ \_
flfi fi . H _ H fi_ flfi
fi Tk @_ ? _ fl Hfi @_ fl
? H I_ fi_ flF V_ H fi fi
fi_ fi fl _ I .
- _
fi O S _ fl _Z fl
A fi kfi fl
A fl / fl, fl
fi _
_ / fi_
fi _ V fi
fi p
VW / p
fi fi_
fifl fi
fi_ _fi
fl-fiflfi fl fi L
fi_ fi V
fi Tk
VTk
fi fl I fl fl / fl
\_ flfi Tk
fl
H
Z
242
fi_ flfi Tk
fi_ flF
fl _
flTk / Tk
_h / _h
fi
_ Z
_hfi fi fl fi fl SH fi
_ VTkfi I. fi_ _fi fl_ H
_ L VTk H _ fi fi .
H H fl fl fi fl_ h
flfi fi . Zfi_ H fl_fifi Tk
fi. _h V_ _ H I_ fi fi
fi_ fi fi I .
(2)
b_ fi \\ flfi fi fl_ .
. , fl _fl H fl. fi_
fl H fi Tk flfl @ fi.
_H @ H Ifi
fi Ifi_ ifi _ . fifi V fl H
fi Vfi flW. Vfi fl fifi
I_ wfl . fi Ifi __ fl fi Tk
. I fl l fl H Tkfi fl
. h fi _ fi _ H
. Ifi -@ fl fl Vfi
fl .
_ Z
fiWfi -_fl fi fl_ . fi
fl fi
243
244
H
_ e _. {C fl_ E. fl_ HT_
flfi _ fl e _ _. p Vp.
O
w fi fi fl k .
Ow
fifi , _Vfl fi fi
.
- fi fi
fl Kfi fi
fi fi T@ fi fl fi. T@fi_
fi fi_ Z fi fi , U,
lT _ K fi fl .
_ , _ k fi fi .
_fi_ fi fl _ fi fl _H I fl
_ fi. , _fi fi fi fi ,
fi Z fi flfiflfi p fi fi_ .
fi _V _ _ fl_ _ fi_ k
fl_ . fi fi H fi K flfi fih, H, flfi, _fi HfiOfi fi fl . O fl @_ fl
. hflfi_ fi C Vh fl_ .
fi_ fi _ _ , fi flfi flfl fl
, flfi fi ZH fl_ fi OV,
, hfl B . OV fi
_ H , fi _ fl_ H , flfi
W fl_ H h fi , fifi fl fl_ H
_fi fi , @fl _fl Cfi fl_ H fl
fifl, fi fl fl_ H V fi flfifl,
fl fi
245
246
_ fi . _ fi, H fi fi p
H H . Ffl fl_ _ fi
VEfl fl . I _ 1940_ _ _
fl fl Ofi H B
_ . fl_ fi, __ fi, _ fi,
_
fi, flfi _ fi . fi Ofi H _ fi
, fi fifl _ fi _ ? fiW
fi fi fi Vp .
flpfi H fi fi _h . wfl CHfl
, _ -hH H fl fl fl 50 V
fi fl C fl fl . V
fl fifi _h flfi - Hfi fi @fl
fi fl ? fl _ fi Zh H fl
VE_ fi Vflfl, flfi H_ fl K fl fl_
. fi _ fl, flH_ fl. H fi_
Zh F fl flflH fl fl_ fi fl
fi flfl fifi fl . _ , A
fi fl fl H_ fl Kfi U fi
fi fl fl Hfi H_ fi fl_
. fl_ fi , Ffl fifi, _, e,
h _ _ fi H H H fi Efl
fiflH fi fi _ _, Ffl flfi fi
fihfi_ EflH fi Cfl Zfi L_ .
V _ fl Wfi fi
. H _fi H fl fi fl fi
Hfi Cfl Z fl H fl fifi_ z
fi ? flV fifl fl. fl, H_
fl K Vfi fl_ fiL fl . fi
fl H .
flH 5 fi
fi, _fl, fl\ fi
_ ? fl-_Z , -MH w_fl ? fi
fi H fi CH . fi
\\ T@ . fl S _ , fi I
fi I . _ , No translation
can be exact, all translatons to some extent betray the reader
by misrepresenting the original.
T@ fi fifi _ fl
fi , _ fi _V, T@fi Sfi, fi
k fl_ I fi fl. fi
fifi _ fl^ flfi T@fi ,
T@fi fi-x_ fi_ z_ _H .
T@fi Kfi fi fifi L .
fi _ fifi _ fl _ .
fifi fi p fl_ fi
fifi. fifi _ fl_, L fi
Hfl wfl fi .
fifi _ flfi T_. H
fi _fl _ fifi Ifl
V fi fi TA _ ,
"Translation is that branch of applied science language
which is specially concerned with problem or the fact of the
transference of meaning from one set of patterned symbols
into another set of patterned symbols."
Dartest.
247
248
V w fi flfifi _ T@ fl
fi. fi fl _ fi fi fi. V
_ fi. fifi_ A k_ _Vfi fl fl, fi _
fi, fi _ -, ifiT fl-fl,
fi flfi __fi Vp fl fl
. O, V fi Jfi fi_ _ H @fl
@fl fifi fi fi fi S_C .
S_Cfi H fi fi_ fifl fi_H fifi
B fi T@fi Z .
I, , ifi fi Q fi @ fi_
fifi . fifi_ Zh I_ kH, KH,
fi T fi fl_ . fi fl flH fi.
fi S fi fi ifi H . S
fl fi_ fll , fl _ _
fi ifi fl _ fi_ TV fi p ifi .
fl_ _fl _fl. _fl O flfi
_ fi. _flfi fi fi L.
fi _ fl Lfi _fl
fi _fi T@ Efi_ _fl C, fi fi .
_ fi _fi fifl
fi flfiflfi . Zfi
fi fi fi _ HT_ , fifi_
_fi_ .
fi fifi . flfi fi _flfi fi
flH rfi fi tfi fi . fi,
M fl, fi fi fl_ _fl fi_
fi
249
flH U . fiZ _ w
fi. I, flflH, ifi _ Zh_ _
hfi L _ fi fl . fi
fi_ fi U fl . - E fi fl
fl . fi flfl U fi fi. _ fi
{_ fi-I fi fl. flflfi
fl fl . Ifi fi V .
fi _fl fl O fi Z.
O _fl_ fi Ofi _ w_fl fl_
. .. Provided that it can be certified... H
fl_ fl. flfl ififi _ O
_fl fl_ . Ffl fi_ O fi fi
. O fl_ fi Kfi_ fl_ . fi fl
L fi O/T_fifi Z fi _ w
fi T@ fl . { __
_ Out sweetest songs are those that tell us of
saddest thought.
__ _
U U fl U U U U !
fl U
O H fi T@ flfl fi fl.
fifi fl
Vfi Kfi_ flfi fi fl fl_
-fl, fi L fi fl fl_
250
fi
251
252
(3) fi fi fi fi_ _ fi fl .
(4) fi fi_ fl fifi Vw_ T@
fl .
_ I fi fi Z fl Z fifl
fi .
fi fi _flfi. _flfifi _
TflH, @flfi fi . fl fi
_V MW fi fi __ fi (Ofi) Vp
. fi Vfi fi Z O_
fl^ fl fl fi.
_flfi . fi Vfi fi _flfi
fl Zfi _flfi_ fl^ fl wfl fi . , , fi
, H-Wfi fl _ . _,
fi, fl, fi , E flfi H _ .
_flfi w . fi fi fi_ _
H H . fi fi fiflfi Zfi fi
fl Zfi > fi . _fifi fi
L Cfl_ . fi Kfi_ flfi fi fifi TA
H
fifi __ fi _fi _ fi fi
Vfl fl Zfi_ fi, V fi fi V
fl .
fi fl fi
fi fl fi
fi B Zfi O . O fi_
fi
253
O fl . F_ fifi Z_ Z O fl
I_ fi Ofi fi wfl .
O fi TIkfi U@ fl . fl-
H . fi fl H
TflH U _ _ . fi-Zh_ fifi
fi QMflfi H fl .
fi
fi fi fi Z _fi
fl fl_ _ I , flfi Z fl . fi
fi fl , fl_ fi T@
Z fl fl_ I _ wfl . H fl_ T@
fi . fi fi HH
fiflZH fl . flfifi fi H
Z . fi flfi fi fl fi
fi _ . V fi L fi
fi H .
fi_ Ifi
I fi Zfl fi KfiTVfi
. fi fl fi _ O fi Z_
fi . Zfi fiTV Ifi
. fl fi fifl I Ofi .
fi _ fl I O fl fi_
H fi Tk . flfi fi fl
fi Ofi Vfl . _ I Ofi
fi _ w . fi fi fi
_ fl _ Z_ H Ofi
254
fl . _ Ofi T, p fi fl fi _ H __
fi. I fi Zhfi fi fl_fl Sfifi
__ . fi fi_ B fi fl_ . I_
fi Zfi TflH E H Cb_ _fl . flfi (fi)
I _ . @-flfi_ Ifi
fl fl fl < fifi_ . H Zfi
flfifi_ fiH fl_ .
fi _ _T
fl O
fl flflfi O_ fifi To turn into
another language I _fl fl_ M . VI
fl H fi fi, _
fi fi flfi fl fi V fl
fi .
OI O fifl fifi fl _, TA
fifi _ fifl@, _fl . O_ fifi
M _ fi_ flfl fi
@fi .
_fl A_ fi fi
fi fi fiflfi _ .
I O
OVfl O fifl, _ _ VflH
fiIfi H fi . _
MW flfifi_ _ fifi .
fi
255
Q fifi fifl, _ _ V
fl,_ _ fi S fl fl fl fi .
l fl fi fl_ _ , _fl
fi _fl fi _ fl
fl fl . H _fl fi <_
fl . fl fi fi fi fl flfi
. fl _ fl_ fi w fi fi,
gfi fi fl_ I _ . _fl fl fi fl
fi fl fifl fi fl fi gfi fl fi
. fl _fl flVfl fip fi Ifi
fi Z . H _fl fl
fi flfi H fi .
H _ HT_ , fi Ip fi
_ Ip w_ fl _ fififi fi. _fl
Ip fi _ fl H fl B .
_flfi_ _ _ fl_
H_. fi , _flflfi _Vfi Zhfi H .
Ifl H _V fi _fi _ _A_ Vz
. fi Ip fiu . fi Ifi lT
H flfi fi fi H flH
. _, fl fi L _fi fi flfi H
_flfl fl fi CH fl fl fl u .
flfi fi fi_ _ _ fi fl H fl_
H .
fl fi flL flfi A_ ,
fl fl fi fl fl_ fi fl . fi_
256
fl-flfi H Zfi H . fl
fl_ k_Z L flp ,
_ , flfi ^fi_ ^fi
fi Ifi fl_fl fl , fifi
fl flfifl fl fl fl _ Vfi
fi fi flH fl H flfi fl
P fl g _ Ifi fl .
_ _ A_ _ fi fi rfi
flfi @ .
H fl _ , fl_ fi_
_ ififi fl ,
fl fi fi fi I fi
fl fl r-_fl _ .
S, _fl fl- fl .
_ fl _, _,
_ L _ fi_ fi _fl.
Translating consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural emivatent to the message of the
source language, first in meaning and secondly in style.
g-fl fi __ L QV
-g , _, _V fl - fi
fi_ fi V V . fi
_ T@ flfi _ T@ fi
. W_ T@ flfi W_ _ fl
_fi fi_ ifi U , fi ifi fi _fi
fi fl, fi ZH fi H, fi
fi
257
fi flH@ Hfi .
Showerman.
ifi-ififi_ I _ _ A_ . fl_
_fi fi flfi _ flfi_ I
_ _. L rflfl_ fi Vfl
fi Ip fi_ ifi __ O _ .
I _ ifi fi fi flfi Hfl H _
H fi @ K . _ , flF
258
fi fl _ fl fi _
fi F _V fi _V fi fl fl _
fi flfi H fl
fl . fl V_h _ 1956_ fl flFfi
flfi . _ flF fi fi fl
fl Vfl. fl flF fl fl_ Lfi H flfi
M. flH flfi_ I __ O _
fi fi flfi_ fi L_. _ fi fl
_h fi _ fl_.
L-fl_ H, flfi fi W fi
B. fiI Ifi Zh L_ fl_ fi
I S H_ O ; L-fl fl
, L fl L _ . , CH fl
I flfi L_ fi .
__ L-fl_ fi fl CH U
fi ; fl, fi Ofi _, fi
w p T@ fia T@ fi
V, _ fl-fl, wfl, Wfl fl
Ofi fl _ _B _
fifi fi fiy flfi fia O
_ U. fifi fi fi \\ _
fl Ofi (connotations)fi _H Hfl
fi, _ H i fi Z fl_ .
fifi fifi _fi fi_ ifi _ . Ofi
fi fi fi flW _
flfi ^ fi *flfi _fi fl .
fi
259
260
fi fl- Tk . z ;
fi . gfi_ <_ _ fi , fi
, . fi flfi fl
fl fi , H fi fl fl
wfl . fi Zfi fi , _fi fl
_ flfi fl, _ Z_ _, fi
Z fl fl, _, I ,
_fl@ H Vfl _; <
fl fi Lfi fl fi E flfi fifi
Ifi fl .
fl O O fi Ifl ifi fi fi
flfi Hfi fi_ CH U fi . , fl
O_ Ofi fi M , _
fi _ flfi_ Cfl_ H .
__ fl fi fl_ V Cfl fi .
g-fl O fiI fi fl _-fl,
fl-_ Ofi H W . fi flH ifi-ifi
fi fi Ifi_ __ fl fi fl_ fi .
fl fi _ fi _ _fifi fl
. Ofi H_ fl . , __ , UU,
U O fl_ H , <fl, Jfl.
CHfl H fi , H fi . fifi
flHw O fl fi Vp A
O
_
fl
S
fi
Cfi
U
fi
261
fi fl
U
fl
<_, H
U
h
Ih
U
70
17
U
VZfl
Cb_ _ Q _ H g-fl Ofi H fi
_ flfi H . fl_ _fi g_
.
__ g fl_ fi fl H Spelling fi _ . .., Sloth bear fi ,
Cloth bear Food chainfi Good chain Foot pathfi
Foot bath _ Ifl Ofi H fi
fl fi fi fi .
H I_ Vp _ C. H fl
_fi _ fl fi.
fl flfl, fl flfl L g flF
__ hTfl fl flfl h _ _
, fl_ g-fl fi fl-_ O fi
hTfl_ Cfl Ofi _ U .
flH fl hfi_ _ UU U
(I Cflflfi _ h fl). _ fi VV@
_ _ flCflfi fl_ O_ _ fi ._
_ L fl fiy fl Ifl
fl fi - fi
fi fiZfi fi fi_ H
(fl) Hfi -fifi fl_ _ fl fl_
262
; fi fi H _fi . k, fiflZfl
fi H L O Ifl fi p tfi
fl _ I @_ fl_ wfl , H
Ifl H _ fi fl_ Ofi L
flfi hfi _ U fiwfi ;
fl tfi_ _ w_fl flfi_ g hfi fi
fl_ fi fi_ fi hfi t fl flfi_ Cfl_
. g flF \\ fl . _
fl w H fi. O \_\ _ flF
\\ fiy . fl, Recommendation O
. fl flflfi O_ fi U, , S
. Ffl flVfifi _, U, S . fi kfl
fi _, U, ; fl U fi
flA . K U, , Sfl fi flH
U, S L . flfi h O_
U flA .
, _ w fi _, fl flflfi B
_hfi fl fi L fi Oflfi O
L fi_ V . w fi Ofi
_ U . _\_ flF_ hfi
I flFfi Ofi wfl fi . _
flF flfl fl_ \\ fi fi fi I
_V fl tH _ fi
I am persuaded that the translator must recast the original in to his own likenessbetter a live sparrow than a stuffed
eagle.
Fitzgerald
fi
263
fi wfl . _ H fi
Hfi fi fl.
_flfi fifi
A dramatic break-through
is technically possible.
fi ZH { fi
fl @ .
flfl flflH_
fl .
H flfl fl_ _ fi
pflfi < Vfi fi _
.
Government office.
Capital market is capable of
mobilising sizeable amount
of savings.
fl fi flH_
.
264
Development has to be
content with a distinct
back seat, till the price
fl _<_ I_
fi fl _
.
fifi W_ Zfi
B fl fifi fl.
fifi _ fi
VW fl .
surface.
I am affraid, this cannot
but damage Gevernment's
Credibility
In witness whereof the
lessor has set his hand and
Executive Engineer, ...
Divison, has set his hand
and the official seal.
Premium will be deducted
at source from the salary.
fi fi flflfi
rfifi fifi E
fi fl fi.
fi w fifl fi
fl fi fi
fifl fi
fl fi fl fi y
.
fl_ .
There is a substratum of
realism in the proposal.
flV_ fi
V ; fi_ J .
fi
265
of minor objections.
This trend of thought needs
to be appreciated.
Unforeseen circumstances
prevent me from availing
myself of the concession
fl-H H_
C.
H _fi flH
^ fi
fi.
granted by you.
You may enjoy quiet and
peaceful possession,
without let or hindrance.
fl fi _
.
tution of India.
Compensation and Assignments
fl fi H.
266
Relief on account of
Natural calamities.
< fl _ fl.
>fi _-fi fl
fl wfl .
flfl flfl fi fi
fi Vfi
_ fi
Limited.
Establishment of Farm
women training Centre state
Strengthening of the District
establishment of Directorate
of Education.
flF_ fl fl
L fi
Vfi
ZH filfi flfi S
fi _ _ A fl _ .
fifi fifi T fl
.
Payment of claims to
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274
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276
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278
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279
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Absolute relinquishment
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Absolution
- fl@, @
Absorption
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Abuttals
Acoustics
Action Plan
Ad hoc
Addenda and Corrigenda
Adult suffrage
Advance
Affranchise
All rounder
Amortization
Annexe
Armistice
Arsenal
Art Gallery
Autopsy
Avenue
Ayacut
Ballot System
Bearer cheque
Bearish tendency
281
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282
Bonum Vacans
- fiH , fifl
Bursary
- WTk
Candour
- fi, V
Canning
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Carrot And Stic Policy
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Casting Vote
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Catchment area
- fl-Zh
Centrally sponsered Scheme - L flV fi
Cess-Pool
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Chartered Accountant
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LL
Chech-dam
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Couching
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Codicil
- fifi flH
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Commission
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Commissioner
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Common Poll
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Concurrence
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Contra-Credit
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Corporation
- fifl, fi,
flfi
Cortege
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Cryptography
Culpable
Culprit
De Jure
Demotion
Detenu
Electoral College
Endorsement
Errors and ommissions
Extramural
Fallacy
Flag March
Follow-up-work
Franchise
Functional Carriculum
Gazetteer
Generator
Graft
Grant
Grant-in-aid
Gratis
283
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fi
fifl
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fifi
fifi
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284
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Guess Work
Hamlet
Helter-Skelter
Horse Power
Hostile Withness
In conclave
Inadvertence
Indigenous
Indigent
Intruder
Jurisdiction
Kiln
Knack
Labyrinth
Lanq to tiller
Language barrier
Language Proficincy
Larceny
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fifi_ <_, fi
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fl/e Z
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fi fi
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Man-hour
Manual Training
Marginal Farmar
Mariner's Compass
Market Trend
Marketing
Masonary Dam
Master Plan
Mechanics
Medical aid
Merged State
Miscellaneous
Mobile court
Modernisation
Movable Estate
Neo-Literate
Net Work
No Source Village
Non-recurrent
Non-Food crop
Non-residentionl University
Notional Pay
Orthopaedist
285
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fi, l
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286
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Package Policy
Paid Staff
Parameter
Part-time
Pay Master
Phonogram
Physiotherapy
Pilot Project
Pin Cushion
Plastic art
Plinth
Poll Fund
Polling
Presumptive pay
Project
Public Sector
Ranger
Recurrent, Recurring
Red Tapism
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (R.C.C.)
Reservation
Resident College
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fi fl
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fl_ flfi
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fi_ fl
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Royalty
Rural
Saline Area
Sanctuary
Scarcity Works
Seasonal Clerk
Secondary Strike
Senior
Seniority
Solar system
Standard time
State bank
Stock Exchange
Subsidy
Supervisor
Supplementary
Suprintendant
Surplus
Tariff
Technical
Technology
Telecommunication
Teleprinter
287
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fl Vfl
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fl, flW, FW
fl_,
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fi
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fl_fl
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288
Thesis
- fi, fi_,
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Time Spirit
- fi
Tracer
- fifl
Trend of trade
- flfi v
Tribute land
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Wages system
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5. I O
Academic-al
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Academician
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Academy
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Accidence
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Adaptation
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_fl; w_fl
Aesthetics
- fi__; j;
flj; ifi;
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Alliteration
- fi; H;
Hfi
Alphabetical
- fl ; yfl
Ambiguity
- fi, Vp, ;
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Anagram
Anecdote
Antithesis
Apologue
Apophthegm
Appreciation
Archaism
Assonance
Autobiography
Ballad
Banter
Bell letters
Bibliography
Blanck Verse
289
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- A, Afi,
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>_ . <, fl
fi _fi fifi
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290
Bombast
Cant
Caricature
Carol
Catharsis
Catholic
Censor
Chap-book
Choreography
Bunch
Byword
Calligraphy
O_fl
E, V
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flfl, h, hH,
fih, -h,
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fi_-, V
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fifi, fi
fl, Wb, ,
Circumlocution
Clue
Coherence
Comedy
Compiter
Composition
Conclusion
Connotation
Copy right
Criticism
Cursory
Delicacy
Delivery
Derivation
Dialect
Diary
291
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flV
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292
Diction
Dipthong
Dirge
Doggerel
Doublet
Dramatic irony
Dramatic monologue
Echo
Eclogue
Elegance
Ellipsis
Eloquence
Emotive
Enjoyment
Epigram
Apistle
Epopee
Equivocation
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fi, fi, ,
H, fi, fi .
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fl
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fiflH
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Escapism
Etymology
Euphemism
Exaltation
Expression
Expressionism
Expressive
Fabliau
Fancy
Farce
Fine Art
Folk-lore
Forum
Free verse
Georgic
293
- fi
- OTIk, TIkVh
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- fi_-, EflH,
flfi
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flH, EflH, ,
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294
Glossary
Graphic
Head-line
Holograph
Humanities
Idiom
Interpretation
Introduction
Irony
Journalese
Judgement
Laconism
Lampson
Lay
Legendary
Lexicographer
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h, Vp
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Kfi
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w, w
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fiH
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T@, T@
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fi
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fi_, T@ T_
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Lingo
Linguistics
Ludicrous
Lyric
Magniloquence
Masterpiece
Melodious
Memoris
Metaphrasis
Monologue
Muse
Mythology
Namesake
Narrative
Neo-Logism
295
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, H fi
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- _VflH, flh, fiTk_
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fifi
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flH-z, flH-ifi,
flH .
- fi, fifl,
fifl, fifl, fi
- fi, Hfi, , Afi,
Tk_, HfiI.
- fi, fifi O,
fifi OflH
296
Nomenclature
Ode
Off-print
Onomatopocia
Overlapping
Over-Statament
Paradox
Paraphrase
Parathesis
Parenthesis
Parody
Paronym
pathetic fallacy
Pedantry
Penny-a-line
Periphrasis
fl, fl UO
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flfiflH, H,
Hfi
- flVflT
- U@, I@
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fl
- L, flH, fi
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, k_
fiWfi_ flH,
flH
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- V_ fi
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Vp fi, fi,
personify
Philology
Phonology
Phraseaology
Plagiarism
Pleonastical
Poetaster
Poetic Licence
Preamble
Primer
Profile
Propriety
Prosody
Prosy
Quibble
Rant
297
- fi-flH, fiWIflH
- ifi, j
- Eflj, VflVh
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flH, , fi , fl
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fifl
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- wfl, flh
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298
Renaissance
Render
Requiem
Resonance
Rhymester
Saga
Satire
Scansion
Schedule
Scribe
Seminar
Soliloquy
Stanza
Style
Syntax
Tautology
Terminology
Thesaures
- fiflIfi, B
- Lfl fl_
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fi, fl, fl
- fi, Kfi
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- _-fiH, _fi
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- fifl, h, fl_,
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@L, OL,
L
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- fl, fl O_
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Thesis
Transcription
Travesty
Verbiage
Verbosity
Verse
Vocabulary
Wordy
299
fi_ _ fl F i flH,
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301
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304
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305
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