Li ni u

Khai cuc l mt vn chin lc rt rng ln. Mun nghin cu su phi c mt tp

th cc chuyn gia nhiu kinh nghim mi thc hin c. Lin on c trong nhng
nm gn y, bc u nghin cu mt s th trn ni ting, thnh hnh, gip phn no
t liu cho cc bn hi vin v ngi hm m C Tng gn xa tham kho. Tuy cc ti
liu cha phi l nhng cng trnh nghin cu su nhng n ch ph hp vi nhng
bn c trnh kh, cn phn ng cc bn chi c trnh yu cha th tip thu c.
p ng phn no nguyn vng ca s ng ny, chng ti cho xut bn quyn "C
Tng khai cuc cm nang" nhm hng dn li nhng vn thuc phn kin thc ph
thng. i tng ch yu l nhng bn chi c trnh trung bnh tr xung, c bit l
nhm p ng nhu cu hc tp ca cc em thanh thiu nin mi bc u tip cn vi C
Tng. Nhng i vi cc bn hun luyn vin, hng dn vin v c, sch cng cung
cp nhiu t liu c gi tr v phng php s phm cc bn tham kho ging dy.
Sch gm bn chng, vi chng u nhn mnh ngha v tm quan trng ca khai
cuc. Qua chng ny gi hng dn cho ngi chi mt phng php thm nh,
nh gi th c, ng thi trnh by r khi nim v th v lc, quyn ch ng v vn
li qun, li cht. Nhng trng tm ca sch l chng hai v chng ba: chng hai
trnh by c th nhng nguyn tc c bn trong khai cuc, cn chng ba hng dn
cch i tin v cch i hu. Thc cht chng ba ch minh ho r hn cc vn trong
chng hai v gip cho ngi c qun trit y cc nguyn tc ra qun. Mt khc,
qua hai chng ny, bng nhng vn c sinh ng gi ln nhng nim ban u v
chin lc, v k hoch b tr qun tn cng, phn cng hay phng ng. V tuy ch
i su giai on khai cuc nhng qua cc vn u ca cc danh th, giai on trung cuc
v tn cuc cng c nu ra vi nhng n chin thut truy qun, n qun, i qun,
ginh th, th qun cng nhng pha phi hp chiu b rt ngon mc, hp dn. iu ny
ph hp vi trnh v tm l ca nhng ngi mi tip cn vi b mn c. Phn cui
cng l chng m rng kin thc, gii thiu mt s th trn thng dng hin i, lm c
s bc u sau ny anh em c iu kin i su nghin cu chuyn cuc.
Vi tinh thn thc hin ch trng ca Lin on c Vit Nam l ph bin c Tng v
phc hi sinh hot ca C Tng trong dn gian, ti liu ny l mt ng gp nh theo
ch trng .
Trong khu bin son mc d c nhiu c gng vi tinh thn trch nhim cao ca tp th
Ban chuyn mn nhng do trnh c hn nn khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Rt mong
cc v cao minh trong lng c xem xt v ch im cho, chng ti chn thnh bit n.
Hi C Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

Qui c v k hiu
Hi c TpHCM xut bn mt s sch c Tng mnh dn s dng nhng qui c, k hiu ni
dung phong ph, c ng o bn c hoan nghnh. Nay ph bin quyn t liu ny cng xin dng
qui c, k hiu t tn giy m thng tin c nhiu iu. Do mt s bn cha nm r nn y
xin nhc li nhng qui c k hiu ny. ng thi qua kin ng gp ca mt s bn, chng ti b
sung thm mt s im mi v hng dn cch xem cho nhng bn cha nm r cch trnh by ca
chng ti.
1. Bn c
Cc hnh v bn c trong sch c qui c: pha di thuc v bn en, pha trn thuc v bn trng
H thng ta vn gi nh c, tc l cc l thng dng vn c nh s th t t 1 n 9 v tnh t
phi sang tri (Xem hnh).
Bn trng i sau

Bn en i trc
2. Qun c
D thc t qun c c mang mu g th trong thut ng c Tng ta vn qui c mt bn l qun en v
mt bn l qun Trng. Qun en lun lun i trc cn qun trng i sau.
3. K hiu
A. V qun c:
Cc qun c c ghi tt bng nhng ch nh sau:
-Tng: Tg
-S: S
-Tng: T
-Xe: X
-Pho: P
-M: M
-Cht: C
B. Ch vit tt:
-trc: t (nh Xe trc: Xt)
-sau: s (nh Pho sau: Ps)
-gia: g (nh Binh gia: Bg)
C. V i qun:
-Tn: (.) du chm (nh Xe 2 tn 6: X2.6)
-Bnh: (-) du ngang (nh Pho 8 bnh 5: P8-5)
-Thoi (Thi): (/) gch xo (nh M 6 thoi 4: M6/4)
D.V nh gi khen ch :
- Nc i hay : !
- Nc i tuyt hay : !!
- Nc i yu : ?

- Nc i sai lm : ??
- Nc i hay nhng cn phi xem li : !?
- Nc i d nhng khng hn tht d : ?!
- Th c bn en u hn bn trng : +- Th c bn en hi u 1 cht : +=
- Th c bn en thng : 1-0
- Th c bn trng u hn bn en : -+
- Th c bn trng u hn 1 cht : =+
- Th c bn trng thng : 0-1
- Th c ngang nga cn bng : =
- Th c cn phc tp, cha r ai hn, km :
- Th c hai bn ha nhau : 1/2-1/2
4. Cch c cc vn c :
d dng ghi nh v so snh cc nc bin, cc phng n c trnh by trong chng 4, xin trnh
by phn l thuyt trn 1 bng c 4 ct. mi ct thc cht l 1 vn ring, nhng v nhng nc i ban
u hon ton ging nhau nn ln trn cng. Nu c nhng nc ging nhau na th ch ghi ct u
bn tri, cn 3 ct khc th ch ghi nhng nc bt u nc bin mi hoc phng n khc. Nh vy
nguyn tc trnh by trn cc bng l ly ct bn tri lm chun cho cc ct bn phi. Khi bt u c
nc i khc, tc l c nc bin hay phng n mi th chuyn sang ct khc v dng du chm chm
ni nhng ch i khc cho d nhn v cng rm r.

Chng I
Khai cuc - my khi nim c bn

I. ngha v tm quan trng ca khai cuc

Xt theo th t thi gian, mt vn c thng c chia lm ba giai on: khai cuc, trung
cuc v tn cuc. S phn chia ny tuy c tnh cch qui c nhm d dng nghin cu
nhng n phn nh mt thc t l c giai on m u rt quan trng. Giai on ny gm
bao nhiu nc th cha c s thng nht gia nhng nh nghin cu, nhng thng
thng ngi ta cho rng giai on ny phi ko di t 8 n 12 nc i u tin. S d
ni giai on ny rt quan trng v n thc s c ngha quyt nh n ton b qu trnh
din bin vn c. Ta thy nhiu vn do khai cuc ti nn kt thc sm, khng c giai
on tn cuc, thm ch do khai cuc li lm nghim trng cng khng c c giai on
trung cuc.
Nhn thc v ngha v tm quan trng ca khai cuc phi tri qua nhiu chng ng
ln ln mi sng t, v khng phi t thi xa xa cc tay c c ngay c nhng nhn
thc ng n. Bi thi trc, hu ht cc tay c u nhn nh rng vn c cng thng,
quyt lit v ni r s hn km l giai on trung cuc v tn cuc. Nh vy theo h
ngh, hai giai on sau phi quan trng, quyt nh hn giai on u. Vi nhn thc nh
th nn h ch quan tm nghin cu trung cuc v tn cuc, t khi chu gia cng hc tp
v nghin cu khai cuc. Trong khi mt s danh k cc th k trc c lc ua nhau
nghin cu tng kt c tn v c th nn v hnh trung cng c thm nhng nhn thc
lch lc trn. iu t hi l n tc ng khin mt s tay c c quan im nh gi rt
thp vai tr ca khai cuc v coi nh khng cn thit phi nghin cu. H ngh "v chiu
thng hu chiu" l khng cn hc tp, chi khng bi bn cng thng c nhng ngi
chi theo sch v, nhng h khng bit mun chi c kiu "v chiu" li cng phi
nghin cu, hc tp k hn ai ht. n u th k 20 th mi chuyn sng t, hu ht
cc danh th u khng nh khai cuc c tm quan trng c bit. Nhng ai chi c theo
ngu hng trong khai cuc u khng th ng c c vi nhng ngi c hc tp,
nghin cu. Chnh t thc tin thi u cc danh th rt ra kt lun . Nhng ri li c
nhng quan im lch lc khc khi c mt s ngi li cao qu mc giai on ny.
Cho nn c lc cng ni ln nhng cuc tranh lun xung quanh nhn nh, nh gi li
v tr v tm quan trng ca khai cuc. Cui cng ngi ta phn tch khch quan v
thng nht kt lun rng c ba giai on khai, trung, tn cuc u c ngha v tm quan
trng quyt nh, v cc giai on u c mi quan h khng kht vi nhau. Chi khai
cuc tt th mi c mt trung cuc u th v t mt trung cuc u th mi dn v mt tn
cuc thng li. Tuy nhin thy r tm quan trng ni bt ca khai cuc ngi ta
thng nu mt t lng tham kho l phn khai cuc quyt nh 40%, cn phn trung
v tn cuc mi giai on quyt nh khong 30%.
Tm li, khai cuc l giai on trin khai cc lc lng, khi s t nc i u tin v
chm dt vi siu ng hu ht cc qun ch lc c hai cnh to thnh mt th
trn tn cng hoc phng th. Vic hnh thnh mt th trn phi xut pht t mt k
hoch hn hoi, l chin lc dn trn ca ngi iu khin trn u.

II. Mc tiu vn c v mc tiu trong khai cuc

hiu r mc ch, ngha ca nhng nc i trong chin lc dn qun, ta cn phi
nm vng mc tiu trong khai cuc. Bi hc u tin cho nhng ngi mi hc chi
c ch r "chiu b Tng i phng l mc tiu chnh ca vn c", nhng trong giai
on khai cuc, mc tiu ny ch l mt mc tiu ph. Bi l giai on ny cc qun c
mi c trin khai, cha c iu kin g bt b Tng i phng. Tt nhin trong
mt vi trng hp hn hu, gp phi i phng chi qu ti hay ng tr th no ta
cng c th bt c Tng ngay trong khai cuc. Nhng vi nhng i th tng i c
trnh th mc tiu trong khai cuc phi t thp hn, khng th ch quan t mc tiu
qu cao, s l iu khng tng i vi nhng ngi chi c ngay nay. Hn nhin nhng
mc tiu ra trong khai cuc phi lun gn vi mc tiu ti hu v chiu b k ch.
Vy th mc tiu trong khai cuc l g?
Nhng nc trin khai qun hp l, chnh xc trong khai cuc s to mt nn tng vng
chc cho mt th trn trc khi chuyn sang giai on trung cuc. Nh vy mc tiu ban
u trong khai cuc l cc qun phi c ginh cho c nhng v tr thun li trn bn c,
tip l tiu dit mt b phn nh sinh lc ch - thng l mt hai con Tt. T nhng
thng li nh dn n nhng u th lm nn tng vng chc cho trung cuc v tn
cuc. Mt khc cng i hi trong th trn ca ta khng c c nhng im yu - nhng
im m ta phi lun canh chng i phng khai thc gy kh khn cho ta. Ngc li,
ta phi c gng khng cho i phng chim nhng v tr tt, tm cch phong ta ngn
cn i phng trin khai cng chm cng tt hoc uy hip, e da ngay nhng im
yu ca h.
Trong C Tng ngi ta thng phn bit cc trng hp nh gi: nu ta i trc,
cc qun chim v tr tt v chc ch tn cng, buc i phng phi phng i ph,
ngi ta gi l ginh quyn ch ng, ngc li l i phng b ng. l mc
thp nht ca mt u th. Trng hp ta tiu dit 1-2 con Tt hoc M th ch mi l li
qun, nu ta ng thi cng gi quyn ch ng th mi l mt u th. Thng thng
ngi ta quan nim ginh c quyn ch ng l c tin cn b ng i ph l hu
th. Trong nhiu trng hp bn c tin chi khng chnh xc b i phng trn,
phn kch phi chng th gi l mt tin, cn bn i phng gi l phn tin. Nh
vy c th ni mc tiu ca khai cuc i vi bn i tin vn nm quyn ch ng th
phi tip tc gi cho c quyn ch ng ny lu di, tin ln kim li 1-2 Tt hoc nu
c th th li qun (hn 1 M hoc 1 Pho) hay li cht (Pho hoc M i ly Xe).
Trong k hoch tiu dit sinh lc ch, c khi ngi ta cng nhm n vic li S hoc
Tng ca i phng chun b iu kin thun li cho giai on trung, tn cuc sau
ny. Cn i vi bn i hu vn phi b ng chng cn c gng chi chnh xc
khng cho i phng khai thc tn cng, ln ln a n th cn bng. Nu i phng
s h phi kp thi khai thc tr n ginh li quyn ch ng ri tin ln ginh u th.
y cn ni r thm vn u th vi vn li qun, li cht. V nhng vn ny
thng xuyn t ra cho mi i th, c bit l thng ny sinh ngay trong khai cuc.
Nh trn nu, thng thng ngi ta nh gi mt th c cn c vo hai yu t: nc
tin v thc lc. Nc tin l ginh c quyn ch ng, cn thc lc l xem xt tng
gian qun s i bn. Nu mt bn c c hai yu t va ch ng, va hn qun, hn
cht th r rng bn ang chim u th.
Nhng trong thc tin thi u thng xy ra hin tng: mt bn sn sng hi sinh qun
ginh ly th ch ng tn cng, c th uy hip i phng rt mnh th ngi ta coi

 l u th. Bn li qun, li cht phi b ng i ph th khng thnh gi l u th

c m phi gi l tht th. Mun cu vn tnh trng b uy hip bn tht th thng phi
hi sinh qun gim bt p lc ca i phng.
Chng hn vn c bn:

Tin li qun nhng tht th, hu l qun nhng ang c th tn cng.

Nh vy gia hai yu t th ch ng vi li qun hoc li cht th yu t u lun c
nh gi cao hn yu t sau. Th nhng yu t ch ng ch l mt tnh th tm thi, nu
kho pht huy th c th bin n qun, hn cht tr li hoc chiu b Tng i phng.
Cn nu khng bit pht huy i phng tp hp c lc lng chi vin xy dng
tuyn phng th vng chc th yu t ch ng s mt dn i. Trong khi yu t hn
qun, hn cht thng l tnh trng ko di, nu khng c g bt buc h phi hi sinh, tr
qun, tr cht th yu t ny cng lc cng tr nn quan trng. Bi v khi th c lp li
cn bng th yu t lc lng s l yu t chi phi.
T th k 16, 17 cc danh k nhn thc ng n v hai yu t ny nn bi "K kinh
lun" c ghi: "B qun cn c nc tin. Bt qun ch hu th". Chu Tn Trinh vit
quyn "Qut trung b" lp li quan im ny trong bi "Ton ch" ca mnh v cho n
nay d trnh c pht trin rt cao, vn cha c mt danh th no t ra phn bc
quan im trn.

III. Nhng c s nh gi mt th c
Khi tin hnh mt vn c, lun lun phi nh gi i nh gi li tnh hnh din bin ca
n. nh gi khng phi ch bit ta ang b ng, cn bng hay ch ng, hoc ang
u th hay km phn, m nh gi cn bit nhng ch mnh, ch yu ca ta cng nh
ca i phng. T nh gi, nhn nh ng thc cht tnh hnh th trn, mi c th
ra mt k hoch chi tip giai on sau.
Thng thng, nu nh gi tng qut bit ai u th, ai km phn, ngi ta ch cn
xem xt hai yu t nc tin v thc lc, cn nh nh gi ton din y cc mt th
phi cn c vo cc yu t sau y:
1. V tr cc qun ch lc
Xem xt v tr cc qun ch lc gm cc qun Xe, Pho v M l thy chng c kh
nng kim sot cc ng ngang, ng dc hoc cc im trn bn c. Nu cc qun
kim sot c nhiu ng nhiu im v c tnh c ng cao th l chng c v tr
tt, c th tin sang tn cng hoc cn thit c th quay v phng th.
y khng dng li s nh gi mt cch chung m cn thit phi nh gi vai tr, tc
dng tng qun c ca ta cng nh ca i phng. Khi mi hc chi c, ta bit sc
mnh ca mt Xe bng hai Pho hoc bng hai M cng vi mt Tt. l n thun so
snh sc mnh vn c ca cc qun m khng ni g n v tr ca chng. Nhng khi tin
hnh trn u th cc qun lun ng nhng v tr khc nhau, c qun v tr tt, c
qun v tr xu. Nh vy vic so snh sc mnh gia cc qun phi cn c vo sc
mnh v v tr ca n tc l lc v th ca n. Nh ni Xe 10, Pho 5, M 4,5; l sc
mnh vn c hay l "lc" ca tng qun, cn v tr ca n ng s to nn mt ci "th"
ring bit. Ta thy lc ca mt qun c c th tng thm hoc gim i do th ng tt
hay xu. Trong tng vn c c th, ta thy i khi M mnh hn Pho hoc mnh hn
Xe, thm ch Tt c khi mnh hn c Pho ln Xe.
Lc nc, hai Xe nh b ph
Gp thi, mt Tt cng thnh cng.
(Th H Ch tch)
gip ngi mi hc chi c bit c sc mnh vn c ca cc qun, nhng nh
nghin cu a ra mt bng so snh nh sau:
Nu khi u ly con Tt lm chun nh gi tr sc mnh ca n l 1 th cc qun
khc c gi tr so snh l:
- M 4,5
- Pho 5
- Xe 10
- S 2
- Tng 2,5
- Tng khng nh c, v mt Tng b x thua nn khng th so snh. Tuy nhin
trong mt s trng hp Tng cng c th tr cng khin n c gi tr bng mt trong
ba loi qun ch lc.
Ni Tt c sc mnh l 1 nhng khi qua h phi nh gi sc mnh ca n l 2.
Trng hp c hai Tt qua h m chng lin kt c vi nhau phi thy sc mnh n
tng ln, khng phi 2 + 2 = 4 m phi l 4, 5 hoc 5, ngha l tng ng sc mnh ca
mt M hoc mt Pho. Cn con Tt u cng phi thy n quan trng hn cc con Tt
khc. Khng phi ch c cc Tt qua h lin kt mi tng thm sc mnh m cc qun
ch lc c ch ng tt, lin kt phi hp nhau, sc mnh ca chng cng c nhn ln

nhiu hn, khc hn vi trng hp chng ng ring l, tn lc. Vi bng gi tr trn

cho php cc u th tnh ton thit hn khi i qun, nhng ch l sc mnh ban u,
cn sc mnh thc t th phi xem xt k v tr ca tng qun trong mt th c c th.
Khng th i mt con M hay ly mt con Pho d thm ch ly mt con Xe d m
tng l li cht ri xng mt vn c.
2. Yu t lc lng
Lc lng l mt yu t quan trng thng quyt nh thng li ca vn c. Nu khng
c nhng tnh hung s h b cc n phi hp chiu b th thng bn no hn qun
hoc hn cht s ginh thng li cui cng. Nh Xe, Pho, M phi thng Xe, M bn S,
Tng hoc Xe, Pho v mt Tt phi thng Xe bn S, Tng.
Tuy nhin nh trn nu, qun c bao gi cng c lc v th cho nn khng phi ch
tnh sc mnh n thun bng qun s. iu ny gii thch v sao c nhiu vn cng
qun hn m thua, t qun hn m chin thng, l do th c quyt nh. M th c l
do nhiu qun to nn, chng lin kt phi hp nhau lm tng sc mnh ca chng. Do
yu t lc lng thng c nu ra sau yu t v tr ca cc qun.
Th nhng cng khng nn cng iu qu ng yu t v tr v nh gi thp yu t lc
lng. C th trong giai on khai cuc v trung cuc th yu t v tr cc qun gi vai tr
chi phi nhng khi chuyn sang giai on tn cuc th yu t lc lng cng lc cng ni
r hn.
Trong khi xem xt yu t lc lng khng th xem nh vai tr ca cc qun Tt. Tm
thi mt lc no , cc Tt cha ng vai tr g ng ch , nhng khi bt u kt thc
giai on khai cuc, chuyn qua trung cuc th cc Tt thng ni ln nh nhng nhn t
quan trng, thm ch quyt nh thng, bi hay ha trong giai on trung tn. Nu im
ny thy, ngay trong giai on khai cuc cc danh th thng t mc tiu ginh th
ch ng v kim li Tt l tt lm ri.
3. Yu t h thng phng th
nh gi mt th c phi nh gi c h thng phng th ca hai bn. H thng phng
th ch yu l ni vai tr ca cc qun S, Tng, c Tt u v 1-2 qun ch lc bo v,
che ch chng. Nu chng c b tr trong th lin hon, gn b cht ch nhau
nng ta nhau, bo v cho Tng l mt h thng phng th mnh v ngc li l mt
h thng phng th ti, c khim khuyt.
Mt bn c th hn v lc lng nhng khng chc ginh c thng li nu i phng
c h thng phng th vng chc. Cn mt bn tuy lc lng t hn nhng c kh nng
ginh chin thng do h thng phng th ca i phng s h hay st m, khng sc
chng .
Vi kinh nghim trn mc, cc danh th c nhiu cch cng ph cc h thng phng th,
t tn cng chnh din n tn cng cnh. Nu cn thit, h b M i ly Tng, thm
ch b c Xe i ly S lm cho th phng th ca i phng yu i ri phi hp
qun tin ln chiu b. Tuy nhin khng phi bao gi hi sinh qun ph h thng phng
th ca i phng cng u ginh c thng li. Trong tng th c c th, mi thy r
lc no hi sinh l ng, lc no hi sinh l khng ng v cng t nhng kiu tn cng
ny, nhng tay c chi thng xuyn c nhiu kinh nghim, hiu su bn cht ca nhng
h thng phng th, phn bit c th no l phng th vng chc, th no l phng th
km hiu qu. C nhiu h thng phng th, i khi nhn b ngoi tng l yu km
nhng li m bo hiu qu hn ht, ngc li c mt s h thng phng th vi cc
qun lin hon nhng li l hin tng bn ngoi, ch vng chc tm thi m thi; khi

i phng hi sinh qun, t ph th ton b h thng tan r rt nhanh chng. y l

nhng vn rt l th m phn sau chng ta s kho st trc tip trong nhng vn c
minh ha chng II v III.

IV. Thm nh, nh gi mt s vn c c th

S khc bit gia ngi chi c gii vi ngi chi c km khng phi ch kh nng
tnh ton c nhiu hay t s lng nc i m s khc bit chnh l sau mt lot nc
i, ngi chi gii nh gi c nhanh chng v chnh xc bn no u, bn no km;
cn ngi chi d khng th nh gi ng c. Nhc li iu ny ni vn thm
nh, nh gi th c sau mt vi nc i l rt cn thit v nu nh gi chnh xc n s
quyt nh rt ln cho bc thng li tip sau. Th c ngha l chi mt vn c khng
phi ch thm nh nh gi mt ln, m l mt vic thng xuyn, n lun i km vi
vic chn la phng n v tnh ton nc i. Trong giai on khai cuc, vic thm nh,
nh gi ny cng gi vai tr quan trng, i khi quyt nh hn cho s thng bi sau
ny.
Chng ta hc tp cch thm nh, nh gi ca mt s danh th qua nhng th c c th
sau y.
Th s 1: Lu Tinh - Thi Ngc Quang
Nm 1974, danh th Lu Tinh gp tay c Thi Ngc Quang mt gii c, h chi
trn Nghch Pho nh sau:
1. P2-5 P2-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 M2.3 5. X2-3 X1-2 6. P8-6
Mi khai cuc my nc, Lu Tinh uy hip con M 7 ca i phng, nh gi i
phng phi lo chy M, c th 6...M3 /5 ri sau phi ri b Pho u bng P5-4
v ln Tng u. Do nh gi nh vy nn en ung dung chi 6. P8-6 ch i phng
chng . Th nhng Thi Ngc Quang khng chng m i:
6. ... X2.8!
Lu Tinh chng cn xem trc xem sau n ngay M i phng.
7. X3.1

Nh vy l Quang hi sinh M m t phn cng. Ta xem Trng phn cng nh th

no:
7. ... P8.7 8. M3/2 P5.4 9. S6.5 X8.9 10. P6/2
Nc th 9, en khng ln S4.5 v nh gi sau khi 9...X8.9 10.X3 -4 X8-7 11.X4.7
X7/3 12.P6.1 P5/2, Trng l 1 M nhng c th cng mnh, v vy chn phng n ln
S cnh tri tt hn.
Nc th 10, en chi P6 /2 v thy Trng c n "nh xuyn tm" X2 -5 n S chiu
buc S4.5 ri Trng i X8 -7 n Tng chiu b. en lui Pho v th th Trng khng
chi c n xuyn tm ny.

10. ... X8-7?

n y bc l tm l nn nng ca Thi Ngc Quang. Anh cho rng n Tng xong,
X2-5 th en cng ht . Nu chu kh phn tch th s pht hin cch chng ca i
phng, do chn phng n "nh ngui" mt nc trc . l: 10...T3.5!
By gi en c hai kh nng chng :
a) Mt l 11. X9.1 X2-1 12. M8.7 P5-9! 13. M7/9 P9.3 14. S5.4 P9-7 15. S4.5 P4-6,
Trng u th.
b) Hai l 11. X3/3 C5.1 12. X3-4 P5/1! 13. X9.2 X8-7 14. X4/3 X7/3 15. X9-6 X7-3 16.
X6.3 P5-8 17. X4-2 P8-3, Trng ch ng tn cng.
By gi ta xem Lu Tinh i ph v kt thc vn c:
11. X9.1 X2-1 12. M8.7 X1-2 13. M7.5 T3.5 14. M5.6 M3/5 15. X3-5 X7/3 16. X5/1
X2/6 17. P6.4 X7.1 18. P6-5 X7-5 19. T7.5 X2-4 20. X5-7 trng bung c chu thua
nc 17, en khng cn suy ngh v th c Trng thua r, ch nu en chi 17. X5-3
thng nhanh hn.
Th s 2: L Qung Lu - Tin Hng Pht
Nm 1977, L Qung Lu gp Tin Hng Pht gii ton quc Trung Quc. L cm
en i trn Tin Nhn Ch L, Tin i ph bng Pho u. Vn c din ra nh sau:
1. C3.1 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 C3.1 4. P2-1 M2.3 5. M8.7 X9.1 6. X9.1 X1.1 7.
X9-4 X1-4 8. S4.5 M3.4 9. X4.4

L nh gi a Xe k h buc i phng 9...M4.3 10. X4-7 n Tt ui M khin M

7 en tr nn linh hot. Nu nh Trng i 9... P2.2 th 10. C7.1 M4.5 11. X4 -7 M5.3
12. P1-7, en vn gi th cng. Cn Trng nh gi khc, thy trc l 7 ca en yu,
nhy M ln ri P5-3 phn cng. Khi en a Xe k h, Trng pht hin ni l
im xu, d b cng kch khin Trng thc hin k hoch c phn thun li hn.
9. ... C7.1! 10. X4-3 P5-3!
en khng th b chy C7.1 n Tt qua h. Trng y Xe trng vo t a, lin tranh
th cch dit ngay.
11. X3.1 P3.1 12. X3.1 T7.5 13. X3-2 P2-8 14. X2.7 X9-8 15. X2-1 X4-2 16. P8-9 P3.3
17. M7/9 X2.7 18. P9-5 X2-1 19. P5.4 S4.5 20. P1.4 X8.2 21. P5/1 X1-3 22. T3.5 P3.1
23. M3/4 M4.5 24. C3.1 Tg5-4 25. P1/2 X8-4
n y en chu thua v khng cn kh nng phn n, trong khi Trng phi hp lm
thua trong my nc ti.
Th s 3: Thi Phc Nh - H Vinh Hoa

Nm 1973 ti Qung Chu c mt trn u giao hu gia Thi Phc Nh v H Vinh

Hoa. Trn u din ra rt si ni, Thi cm en chi Pho u tn cng, H cm Trng
chi Uyn ng Pho i cng. nh n nc th 11, to thnh th c bt u nh bn
c di.

By gi nh gi th no?
V lc lng th en l mt Tt u nhng cc qun en ang chim cc v tr tt, hai
Xe chn yu o vi Pho u M di ang th tn cng, con Pho 8 cng sn sng qua
h phi hp. Trc mt en khng s mt phn n no ca Trng nn vn t ra cho
en l lm sao khuch i u th tin ln ginh thng li. Cn i vi Trng ang li
Tt u ang chc ch a Tt qua bt qun i phng. Nu i bt Pho th p lc
trung l ca en gim. Nhc im ca Trng ni r l mt M cha ln, mt Xe kt
trong gc, cc qun kh lng phi hp to mt sc mnh phng ng hiu qu. T
nh gi, thm nh r cc mt, en quyt i bt qun a th c sang mt giai on
mi c li cho Trng, n chin thut din ra nh sau:
12. M5.6! C5.1
V sao Trng chi nh vy? V Trng phn tch nh gi phng n din ra nh sau:
a) Nu 12... M3.4 13. X6.1 P5 -7 14. P8.7 M8.6 15. X6-5, Trng u r
b) Nu 12... P5 -8 13. M6.5 T3.5 14. X4.6 X1-2 15. X4-5 S6.5 16. P8-6, Trng kh
chng .
c) Nu 12... P5 -7 13. P5-2 M8.6 (nu 13... P8 -6 14. M6.7 P6-3 15. X6.5 Tg-4 16. X4.8
Tg.1 17. P2.6, chiu n li Xe, u th) 14. M6.7 P8-3 15. P2.6 X9-6 16. X4.6 P3-6 17.
X6-4, bt Trng mt qun.
d) Nu 12... X1 -4?? 13. M6.5 X4.4 14. M5.3 M8.6 15. X4.7 M3.5 16. X4/2 P5-6 17.
X4.2 en cng thng.
By gi en chi mt n chin thut bt ng:
13. M6.4 P8/1
Nu Trng ham bt Xe: 13...C5-4 th 14.M4.3 M8.6 15.X4.7 C4 -5 16.X4/1 P5-6
17.M3/1, en cng li qun. Cn nu 13...P8 -6 th 14.M4 /5 T5/7 th cn c kh nng
cm c.
14. M4.5!
Con M en rt hay nhng con Pho gia ca Trng c th chng lu di, by gi i
i. en vn cn u th tn cng.
14. ... S6.5 15. X6-5 X9-8 16. C7.1

en li tip tc i Tt ginh th uy hip. Chnh vi u th sn c. en chi nc ny

gy thm p lc ri kt thc thng li vn c.
16. ... C3.1 17. P8-7 X1.1 18. X5-7 M3/1 19. X7.2 P8-9 20. M9.7 X1-4 21. X7-3 P9/1
22. M7.5 X4/1 23. M5.6 X4.2 24. X3-6 M8.7 25. X4.7 P9-6 26. X6-9 Trng chu thua.

V. Vi nt v lch s pht trin khai cuc

c th tip cn vi C Tng mt cch thun li, chng ta cn tm hiu qua nhng
chng ng pht trin ca n, c bit l tm hiu v s hnh thnh v pht trin ca
nhng th trn ra qun, tc l khai cuc. T vic tm hiu ny chng ta s c ci nhn
khi qut v d kin c phn no trin vng ca C Tng ni chung v cc kiu khai
cuc ni ring trong tng lai.
Theo cc nh nghin cu th C Tng tuy c ngun gc xut hin t lu i nhng phi
n th k 12 cc hnh thc bn c, qun c v cc qui tc, lut chi mi c sa i,
b sung y ging nh hin nay. V t i nh ng, khong th k th 8, C
Tng cn rt ging C Vua, cc qun i trn cc ch khng phi trn cc ng v
cha c cc qun Pho. Mi n cui i Tng - tc l thi Nam Tng (1201 - 1276) mi
c cc qun Pho, s Tt gim bt, cc qui tc, lut chi thay i th C Tng mi pht
trin mnh trong dn gian, v cng bt u t nhiu th trn c xy dng v nh
hnh. Nhng th trn u tin xut hin l nhng trn u Pho, gm Thun Pho v
Nghch Pho. Theo cc nh nghin cu th nhng th trn ny rt si ni v thnh hnh
trong sut nhiu th k. Do m nhng quyn k ph c xa nht ch cp n cc
kiu chi ny. Nh Du h i ton (?), Kim bng thp bt bin, Thch tnh nh th v c
bit l Qut trung b gii thiu kh su sc v cc trn Thun Pho v Nghch Pho.
Trong cc th k 15, 16 bt u xut hin nhiu kiu chi mi, nhng phi n cui th
k 17, sau khi Vng Ti Vit xut bn quyn Mai hoa ph th cc trn Bnh Phong M,
n M, Chuyn Gic M v Qu Cung Pho mi thc s thnh hnh.
C th ni C Tng t khi nh hnh n th k 19 l thi k khai ph, xy dng nn
tng vi s xut hin nhiu chin lc dn qun c bn vo th k 20, C Tng tin
ln thi k pht trin rc r y sng to. Th nhng nhn li chng ng t th k 12
n th k 19, ngoi mt s thnh tu ng phn khi, cng cn thy nhng mt hn ch
ca thi i. l s lng c ph cn lu li qu t v cc danh k vit sch, phn ln
nng v "ch ngha kinh nghim" ch cha c s phn tch, l lun lm sng t cc
vn . Mt khc, cc ti liu, sch c thng khng khch quan, trnh by cc th trn
thin lch mt bn nn khng thuyt phc cao ngi xem. Mt s th trn mang t tng
tn cng to bo, bt chp nguy him v khng cn m xa g n th phng th bn
nh, ch bit tn cng chiu b cho c Tng i phng m thi. iu ny cho thy
cc ti liu, sch v thi xa cha t vn nghin cu mt cch cng bng v khch
quan ngi sau c th k tha v pht huy mt cch thun li hn.
Sang th k 20, cc danh th k tha tt c nhng tinh hoa, thnh tu ca nhng th k
trc nhng ng thi cng thy nhng mt hn ch trn nn h ra sc sng to b sung.
Vi quan im ng n, khch quan, h nghin cu nhiu kiu khai cuc mi c kt
hp gia l lun v thc tin, so vi nhng quyn k ph c xa th c mt khong cch
r rt.
Cc th trn mi nh Tin nhn ch l, Phn Cng M, Thit n , Uyn ng Pho,
S Gic Pho... u l nhng sng to ca cc danh k th k ny, lm cho cc kiu
ra qun thm phong ph, a dng. Th nhng cc danh k ng i khng dng li .
Cng vi nhng tro lu cch tn, i mi trn cc lnh vc vn hc, ngh thut, thm
m, m nhc, hi ha... lng c cng c nhiu t duy mi.
Tht vy, lng c Trung Quc cng nh lng c Vit Nam v nhiu nc khc t cc
thp nin 60, 70 bng ni ln nhng lung gi mi mun "cch tn" nhiu th trn xa c
m nhiu ngi bt u nhm chn, to ra nhng kiu chi mi hp dn, sinh ng

hn. T tng chin lc dn qun hin i tun th cc nguyn tc ra qun, tc l trin

khai ton din qun hai cnh ri mi bt u m nhng t tn cng. a s cc danh th
ng i u thin v t tng tn cng nhng khng mo him, liu lnh n mc
"chin thng hay l cht" m phng chm phi l "phi thng tt ho". Do mc tiu
trong giai on khai cuc ch yu l ginh th ch khng phi l n qun. Nu i trc
th phi duy tr lu di quyn ch ng tin ln chim u th v pht huy u th cng lc
cng ln hn; ngc li bn i sau c gng tranh ginh cc v tr tt, hn ch quyn ch
ng ca i phng tin ln t th cn bng v ginh quyn ch ng.
Vn th v lc lng nh trn nu, cc danh th u nht tr vi cc quan im ca
nhng ngi i trc v bit tn dng to nn nhiu tnh hung cng thng, quyt lit.
Tiu chun ca nhng vn c hay chnh l c nhiu tnh hung gay cn, cng thng v c
nhng n nh phi hp l th. Do kiu chi mi thng c nhng trng hp hi
sinh qun ly th, ng thi n trnh nhng kiu i qun n gin to cho th c
thm phc tp. Nhng tnh hung "cc hu c k" tc l hai bn u c nhng ch nguy
him "cht ngi", ngy trc ngi ta khng dm thc hin th ngy nay cc danh th
li thch chi, th thch thn kinh ln nhau. duy tr th cng thng, phc tp h
thng chuyn th trn ban u thnh nhng th trn khc, nh t n M thnh Bn
Lit Th Pho, t Thun Pho thnh Bnh Phong M, Phn Cng M hay ngc li.
iu ny i hi nhng ngi chi c hin i phi c mt kin thc rt uyn bc v
nhiu loi khai cuc khc nhau.
Tm li, lch s hnh thnh v pht trin khai cuc l mt qu trnh tin ln khng ngng,
t ch ngha kinh nghim n tinh thn khoa hc, kt hp gia l lun v thc tin, t s
khai n hon thin v ngy cng hon thin nh cao hn.
Bit c lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ny chng ta lun lun nhy bn vi nhng
ci mi, nm bt c nhng thnh tu ng i. Trn c s ny chng ta cn pht huy
ngy mt cao hn, lm cho C Tng mi mi l mt tr chi tr tu lun hp dn, sinh
ng i vi cuc sng ca con ngi.

Chng II

Nhng nguyn tc c bn trong khai cuc

i su tm hiu mt s sch c th thy ngi xa c dy nhng nguyn tc chi c. l nhng nguyn
tc chung ch khng nu ring cho phn khai cuc. Chng hn bi "Tng dch" ca Lu Khc Trang
thi Nam Tng (1187 - 1269) nu nhiu nguyn tc chi c rt ng ch , hoc r nht l "Mi b
quyt chi c" nu trong S lm qung k (Phn "Ngh vn loi") ca Trn Nguyn Tnh cng thi Nam
Tng cho n tn ngy nay nhiu im vn cn gi nguyn gi tr. Th nhng nu em nhng nguyn
tc ny p dng cho khai cuc th cn chung qu v nhiu im cng khng ph hp.
Nay tng kt kinh nghim ca cc danh th ng i vch thnh cc nguyn tc vn dng c th vo
khai cuc th r rng v ph hp hn. C by nguyn tc c bn cn ch sau y:
1) Phi nhanh chng trin khai ton b qun ch lc
2) Phi hnh thnh mt th b tr qun linh hot
3) Phi s dng hp l cc nc i Tt v S, Tng
4) Trong khai cuc khng nn s dng mt qun i nhiu ln
5) Khi cha trin khai lc lng th khng nn vi tn cng
6) Khng nn tham li nh m b by
7) Phi trnh tnh trng cc qun cn tr nhau

I. Phi nhanh chng trin khai ton b qun ch lc

Giai on khai cuc l giai on ra qun, b tr i hnh lc lng sn sng tn cng hay phng th.
Giai on ny i hi cc qun ch lc Xe, Pho v M ca c hai cnh phi c huy ng nhanh
chng tin ln chim ly nhng im thun li. C th l hai Xe phi ra cho sm ginh ly cc thng
l 2, 4 hoc 6, 8, cn Pho th tu tng kiu chi b tr cho ng ch sn sng tham gia tn cng hoc
tip ng phng th. i vi M cng vy, cn trin khai sm bo v Tt u, thng mt con nh
phng th, mt con sn sng nhy qua phi hp cng cc qun khc tn cng.
Vic a qun no tn cng trc, qun no chc ch tip ng v qun no nht thit phi li bn nh
phng th u phi c k hoch. Khng c ty hng iu ng lung tung, nht l khng xc nh
r nhim v tng qun c c th th hng ng s mau ri lon. Khi chi c k hoch, tc l cc qun
c b tr theo mt i hnh chin u th sang giai on trung cuc s d dng thc hin cc
chin lc mt cch ch ng.
Sau y chng ta xem mt s vn c c th minh ha thy thc hin ng nguyn tc th ginh u th
cn khng theo nguyn tc s b ng v tht bi nh th no.
Vn 1: Pho u ph thun Pho
1. P8-5 P2-5 2. M8.7 M2.3 3. X9.1 X1-2 4. X9-4 S6.5?
Khng cn ln S vi, nhng nu c ln th nn S4.5 m l Tng khc bn, khng Xe i phng
dm ng rt nguy him.
5. X4.7 M8.9 6. B3.1 X2.6?
Bn cnh tri ca Trng bc l yu km, ng l Xe Trng ch nn tun h chi vin ch khng nn
vi phn cng.
7. M2.3 X2-3 8. M3.4 B3.1 9. M4.3 P8-6 10. M3.2 P6-8 11. X1.1 B3.1 12. X1-8

Bn en ra qun c hai cnh, by gi a Xe chim l 8 vi phi hp vi Xe, M kia chiu b i

phng: 13.X4.1 S5/6 14.M2/4 Tg.1 15.X8.7, thng. Do buc Trng phi gii nguy.
... X9.1 X8.7 B3-4 14. X4.1 S5/6 15. M2/4 X9-6 16. X8-4 S4.5 17. X4.1 Tg5-6 18. P2-4 1-0
Qua vn c ta thy en ra qun phng khong, cc qun phi hp lm t lit cnh tri ca i phng,
trong khi Trng ch s dng mt Xe v mt Tt tn cng!
Vn 2: Pho u ph n M
1. P8-5 M8.7 2. M8.7 M2.1 3. X9-8 P2-4 4. B5.1 T7.5 5. B5.1 B5.1 6. X8.5 S6.5
en ra Xe phi hp vi Tt u ph v trung l ca Trng m Trng vn cha kp ra mt con Xe no.
7. X8-5 X9-6 8. M2.3 P4.5 9. P2-1 P4-7 10. M7.5 X6.6

en hi sinh trc mt M ginh th tn cng rt hung hn cnh mt. Cn Trng li qun nhng
mt Xe cha ra, cc qun khc tn lc, khng sc chng .
11. X1-2 P8-9 12. X2.7 P9.4 13. M5.4 M7/6 14. P1.4 P9.3 15. P1.3 M6.8 16. X2.1 X6.3 17. Tg5.1 X12 18. X2.1 S5/6 19. X5.2 S4.5 20. X2/1 Thng.
Vi hai vn c trn cho thy Trng b tr i hnh khng vng, c bit cc Xe chm ra m li i phn
cng i phng, do vn c mi vo giai on trung cuc cha bao lu kt thc.
Vn 3: Bnh phong M ph Pho u
1. M2.3 P8-5 2. M8.7 M8.7 3. T7.5 X9-8 4. X1-2 X8.6 5. B7.1 X8-7 6. M7.6 B7.1?
en chi trn khi M ri hnh thnh Bnh Phong M, i hnh vng chc, Trng li dng i phng
khng tn cng nn vo Pho u, Xe qua h phn cng. Nc C7.1 l nga M i phng nhy
qua, nhng s h P2.4 e da bt Xe, bt Tng khin Trng tht th.

7. P2.4 P5.4 8. S6.5 P5/1 9. P2-3 X7-4 10. P3.3 S6.5 11. P3-1 X4/1 12. X2.9 M7/6
en b mt M ly Xe, Pho uy hip mt cnh khin i phng hon ton t lit, sau s bt li
qun v ginh thng li.

13. P8.2 X4-3 14. P8-5 X3/1 15. P1-4 X3-5 16. P4-6 S5/6 17. P6-4 M2.1 18. X9-6 X5.1 19. X6.8 P2-6
20. P4/1 Thng.
Trong khi bn en huy ng gn nh ton b cc qun ch lc tn cng th bn Trng ch s dng
mt Xe v mt Pho, cn qun mt cnh hon ton bt ng. Khi gn kt thc trn u coi nh cnh mt
ca Trng vn cha trin khai, l mt sai lm nghim trng khng th tha th c. V r rng sai
lm tr gi t.

II. Phi hnh thnh mt th b tr qun linh hot

Nhanh chng trin khai cc qun ch lc l dn thnh mt th trn vi yu cu l cc qun u pht
huy tt chc nng ca mnh. l th b tr qun linh hot hay cn gi l c tnh c ng cao. Mun tn
cng th c ngay iu kin lin kt cc qun tn cng hoc cn thit phi phng th th cng d dng
chuyn sang phng th, cnh mt cnh tri h ng c nhau. Hoc cng c th chuyn th trn ny sang
th trn khc m vn ch ng hay vn gi vng th phng ng. Tri vi linh hot l b phong ta, b
ngn cn tm hot ng, cc qun di chuyn kh khn trong tnh th ngt ngt.
Sau y chng ta xem mt s kiu b tr qun ca c hai bn.
Vn 4: Pho u Cng Bnh Phong M Hin i
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B7.1 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 M2.3 5. B7.1 M7.6
en chi Pho u Xe qua h, Trng i ph bng Bnh Phong M hin i vi h thng M nhy ln h
khin cuc chin rt cng thng.
6. M8.7 T3.5 7. P8-9 X1-2 8. X9-8

n y th hai bn coi nh trin khai xong lc lng c hai cnh. en i X9-8 ri X8.6 uy hip c
hai cnh ca i phng lm cho th cTrng s tr nn g b. V vy buc Trng phi i:
8... P2.6 9. X2/2 B7.1
Trng ang b Xe trng ghim mt Pho, mt Xe nn hi sinh Tt thot khi tnh trng kh chu ny.
10. X2-3 P8-7 11. M7.6?
ng l vi th b tr qun linh hot nh vy, en nn chuyn sang mt i hnh va cng va th: b
Pho u bng 11. P5-6 nc sau 12. T3.5 th c vng chc. Cn by gi i M s b ng:
11. ... M6.4 12. X3-6 X8.6 13. X6-3 P7.4 14. T3.1 P2/1!
Chi n y th Trng ginh c th ch ng, cc qun lin kt phi hp tt tn cng.
15. X3-6 X8.2 16. X6/2 P2-5 17. X8.9 P5-9 18. X8/7 P9.2 19. S4.5 X8-6
Trng bnh Xe chn l Tng en nhng ng cho con Pho ca mnh, nc sau si 20... P7-8
hm chiu b. Cc qun en cui cng b dn sang cnh tri, khng c cch g cu gi cho Tng,
nh chu thua.
Vn 5: Pho u Ph Phn Cng M
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 P8-6 3. X1-2 M8.7 4. X2.6 T7.5 5. X2-3 X9.2 6. B5.1 B3.1

Bn en chi Pho u Xe qua h cng bn Trng th Phn Cng M. Nhn thy trung l i phng
yu nn en y Tt u phi hp tn cng, ng lTrng phi i ngay 6... P6/1 va ui Xe va M
bo v trung l.
7. B5.1 P2.1 8. P5.4 S6.5 9. P5.2 P2.6 10. P5-6 P2-4 11. Tg5-6 X1-2 12. P8-5 P6/2 13. P6/1 S4.5 14.
P6-3 P6.2 15. P3-5 T3.5 16. P5.5 Tg5-6 17. P5-1
en ch mi huy ng Xe, Pho v Tt u tn cng, th m gy kh khn cho Trng, v Trng b tr
qun cnh tri g b, khng pht huy c tc dng. Cui cng do sai lm nhiu nc qu nghim trng
nn thua nhanh vn c.
Vn 6: Th Trn i Binh
1. B3.1 B3.1 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. M3.4 M8.7 4. P8-5 T7.5 5. X9.1 X1-2 6. X9-4 S6.5 7. M4.3 M3.2
en v Trng b tr qun kh linh hot. n y ng lTrng nn i 7...P2.1 ui M s c iu kin
phn tin, ch v ch quan nh gi thp mi nguy him nn mi i nh vy
8. M8.7 P2-3 9. P2-3 X9-8 10. X1-2 P8.4?
Trng nn 10...M2.3, nu en i 11. M3.1 X8.1 12. B3.1 M3.5 13. C3.1 M7/6 14. T7.5 C3.1 sau X89 bt cht M
11. M3.1 X8.2 12. X2.3 X8-9 13. B3.1 M7/6 14. P5.4 X2.3 15. P5/1

en thoi Pho e da M Trng nhng m phc n phi hp uy hip cnh tri ca i phng
15. ... M2.3??
Nc sai lm nghim trng, dn n thua nhanh. ng l chi X9-6 ngh i Xe, gi vng th phng
th, vn c cn ko di.
16. X4.8! Tg5-6 17. X2.6 Tg6.1?
Phng chm "cn nc cn tt" cn thc hin bng 17...T5/7 18. X2-3 Tg.1 19. P3-4 S5/6 20. X3/1
Tg.1 21. X3-7 X2/1, Trng cn chng di di. Do sai lm ln na nn thua nhanh

18. P5-4! S5.4 19. X2-5 X2.2 20. P4/4 V chiu Pho trng thng.
y l vn thc chin gia Thi Gia M v danh k Ng Thiu Long hi cui th k 18 v u th k 19.
C hai b tr qun tng i linh hot nhng Trng c nhng sai st kh nghim trng khin vn c kt
thc sm

III. Phi s dng hp l cc nc i Tt v S, Tng

Yu cu trin khai ton b cc qun ch lc ng nhin phi hn ch vic i cc Tt cng nh S,
Tng. Th nhng cn lu : cc M mun linh hot th phi tin cc Tt 3, 7 hoc Tt bin. Cn cc
Xe mun thng, t cnh mt sang cnh tri hay ngc li th khng vi g ln S. Trong mt s th trn,
nh n M, Phn Cng M mun chuyn sang chi Thun Pho hoc Nghch Pho th khng nn
vi ln Tng.
Cn nhn r cc Tt tin ln lm cho cc M linh hot ng thi cng khng ch Tt i phng khin
chng khng ln c, lm ngt ngt cc M ca chng. Mt s n chin thut, hi sinh Tt chim
th rt li hi, c bit khi pha sau c Pho, tin Tt qua uy hip M i phng thng din ra. Con
Tt u c vai tr rt c bit: va l mt b phn phng th va l mt qun xung kch tn cng, do
phi tht thn trng khi i Tt u. i vi S, Tng khi cha cn thit thng l thi c ra qun,
phi hp tn cng, tr n.
Ta xem mt s vn sau y hnh dung mc hp l l th no.
Vn 7: Pho u Ph Bnh Phong M Hin i
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. M8.9 B7.1 5. P8-7 X1-2 6. X9-8 P2.2 7. X2.6 M7.6 8.
X8.4 T3.5 9. B9.1 S4.5 10. X2/2 B3.1
Trng phng th cht ch v linh hot, en c cc M ngt ngt, may c cc Xe tun h nn gii to
khng kh khn. Th nhng nu Trng chi 10... M6-7 e da nc sau 11... M7/8 s to tnh th cng
hn.
11. S6.5
Nc ln S ny nhm cng c vng chc th phng ng nhng khng chnh xc. ng l nn 11.C7.1
nh tr tch cc hn.
11).. B7.1 12. X2-3 M3.4 13. P7-8
Trng hi sinh Tt bt u phn cng. en s i phng i B3.1 buc X8-7 ri M6.5 bt c hai Xe
mt Pho nn n trnh trc nh vy.
13. ... B3.1 14. X8-7 X2-4 15. P8.1 P8.5 16. X3-5 X8.3 17. S5/6
en i S vi nh X5.2 n Tt u, nu khng thoi S s b P8-5 n Pho chiu. Th nhng nc ny
khng hay bng 17. P8/1.
17. ... B5.1

Trng i Tt hi nhiu, cn tr chn M. ng l nn 17...P8.3 khng ch hng Tt e da X8-7 M.

18. X5-4 P8/2 19. X4/3
en khng dm bt M v nu 10. X4.1 B5.1 20. X4-6 X4.4 Trng u.
19. ... B5.1 20. X7-5 P2-3 21. S6.5 X8-2 22. M9.8 P8-2 23. P8.3 P2.4 24. T7.9 M4.3
25. X5-7 M6.7 26. X7/1 M7.5 27. X7.2 T5.3 28. P8-5 ..
en chiu Tng xong vt v n M, thng c tn.
y l vn u gia Dng Quan Ln v H Thun An ngy 19/3/62 ti Thng Hi.
Vn 8: Pho u Cng Bnh Phong M C in

1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B3.1 3. M8.7 X9-8 4. X9.1 B7.1 5. X9-6 S4.5 6. X1-2 M2.3 7. X2.4 T3.5 8. B7.1
P8.2 9. B3.1?
Bn Trng th Bnh Phong M theo kiu c in, tin c Tt 3 ln Tt 7 khin cc M linh hot. en
chi Xe tun h cng rt chm nn Trng b tr phng th vng. Do st rut nn en ln Tt 3 rt sai
lm, khin i phng tr n ngay.
9. ... B3.1 10. B5.1 B3.1 11. M7.5 M3.4 12. B5.1 M4.5 13. B5.1 B7.1 14. M3.5?

en hi sinh mt qun ly th cng, by gi nu chy Xe, Trng i M v bt Tt u, en khng

cn g na nn b Xe ly M c th cng tip.
14. ... B7-8 15. B5.1 P8/1 16. X6.7 X1-4 17. X6-8 P2.4 18. M5.4 P8-5 19. P5-2 M7.6 20. B5.1 S6.5 21.
P2.7 S5/6 22. P8-3 P2-9 23. X8/3 M6.4 24. X8-3 P9-5 25. X3-5 X4.3 26. X5/1 M4.3
y l vn Trn Vit Tiu u giao hu vi Chu c D khong nhng nm 1940 khi Chu n
Singapore.
Vn 9: Pho u Li Cng Bnh Phong M C in
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. M8.7 B3.1 4. X9.1 M2.3 5. B5.1 T3.5 6. B5.1 B7.1 7. M7.5 B5.1 8. B7.1
M3.5 9. B3.1 S4.5 10. X9-6 P2-3 11. M5.6 P3.3 12. M3.5 P3-5

Hai bn b tr qun linh hot, cc Tt s dng hi nhiu nhng cn thit. en hi sinh Tt u uy hip
mnh trung l, phi hp c Xe hai cnh. Trng chng tr quyt lit c c may gi th cn bng, tic mt
Xe ra hi chm.

13. P5.2 B5.1 14. M6.4! X8.1 15. B3.1 M5.6? 16. M5.3! P8.1 17. X1-2 M7/9 18. P8.6 S5.6 19. P8-1
X8-9 20. X2.6 B5.1 21. X6.3 M6.4 22. M3/5 M4.3 23. X6/3 M3/2 24. M5.4 S6.5 25. Ms.6 X1-2 26.
B3.1 X9-7 27. M4/3 X2.5 28. M3.5 X2-6 29. S6.5 B9.1 30. X2/3 X6-2 31. X2-3 X7-8 32. B3.1 X8.3 33.
B3.1 X8-5 34. B3-4 trng u hng
y l vn H Chng chi vi Chu c D khong nhng nm 1940 ti Singapore. Dng nh Chu
chp H mt tin v thng d dng, cn y c l l vn thua duy nht ca Chu.

IV. Trong khai cuc khng nn s dng mt qun i nhiu ln

Khai cuc l mt cuc chy ua vic ng binh, a cc qun ra b tr trn th. Nu ta ch s dng hai
ba qun thi th hn l cc qun khc cha c iu ng ra ng chin v nu i phng ra qun y
li tin hnh mt cuc tn cng no th ta s khng c lc lng i ph kp thi.
Kinh nghim cho thy trong khai cuc vi 10 hoc 12 nc i ban u ta phi huy ng t nht 6
-7 qun khc nhau, nu t hn th thng l b ng i ph.
Xem li nhng vn c va nu, nhiu vn vi phm nguyn tc ny. By gi ta xem thm mt s vn
khc thy r hn.
Vn 10: Pho u Ph Thun Pho
1. P8-5 P2-5 2. M8.7 M2.3 3. X9.1 X1-2 4. X9-4 S6.5 5. X4.7 M8.9 6. B3.1 X2.6 7. M2.3 X2-3 8.
M3.4 B3.1 9. B1.1 B3.1?
Ton b cc qun en coi nh trin khai xong, k c con Xe cnh mt cng chun b k h sau khi
i Tt bin, trong khi Trng ch i mt Xe v mt Tt 3, cnh tri b t lit. By gi ng l 9...P8-6,
nu 10. X4-2 phong ta Xe Trng th 10... X3/1 ui M hoc nu 10. M4.5 th X9-8 sc ngn chn
i phng.
10. B1.1 B9.1 11. X1.5 B3-4 12. X4-2 P8-7 13. M4.5? M3.5 14. P5.4

Trng i M chnh l t t u vo "thng lng" cht sm. Nu i 13... P7-6 th cn chng lu

hn.
14.... X3.1 15. X1.2! X9.2 16. X2-5 S4.5 17. P2.7 Thng.
Vn 11: Pho u B Bnh Phong M Ph
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 B7.1 5. X2-3 P8/1 6. X3/1 P8-7 7. X3-6 T3.5 8. X6.1
M7.6 9. X6-7
Trong 9 nc m u, mt mnh con Xe en ginh i n 7 nc, b mc cho cnh tri nm ra. D
en c li hn hai Tt song khng b cho th trn yu km do chm trin khai.
9. ... X1-3 10. P8-7 M6.4 11. X7.1 X3.2 12. P7.5 P7.6

By gi cc qun Trng trin khai xong bt u phn cng trong khi en cha kp trin khai cnh
tri.
13. M8.9 P2.4 14. B7.1 P2-7 15. T3.1 X8.8 16. S4.5 Pt.2 17. P5-3 Pt-9 18. S5.4 X8/1 19. P3/1 X8.2 20.
Tg5.1 X8/1 21. P3-4 P7-6 22. Tg5-6 P6.2 23. X9-8 X8.1 en chu thua.
Vn 12: Pho u B Thun Pho Ph
1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1.1 X9-8 4. X1-6 M2.1 5. X6.6 P2.2 6. X6/2 P2/2 7. B9.1 X1.1 8. P8-6
P2/2 9. B9.1 X1-2 10. B9.1 P2.9 11. B9.1 S6.5 12. B9.1

en khai cuc rt ch quan, i tt c 12 nc m Xe ginh n 4 nc cn Tt 9 i n 5 nc! Do

Trng c th ch ng hn, t gi tr i Trng bt u phn cng.

12... X2.7 13. P6.2 X8.8 14. P6-3 M7/9 15. P5.4 X8-6 16. X9.2 Tg5-6 17. S4.5 P5.4
en i ph cch no cng b 18... X2-5 n S buc M3/5 n Xe ri 19... X6.1 chiu b.
y l vn Lng Quc Ha cng i L Anh Mu khong nm 1948 ti K i Ch
Ln.

V. Khi cha trin khai lc lng th khng nn vi tn cng

Nguyn tc ny coi nh "h lun" ca cc nguyn tc trn, v nu ch mi trin khai vi ba qun m vi
m cuc tn cng th rt nguy him. i phng ng binh y s b gy d dng mt cuc tn cng
nh vy. D nhin trong mt s trng hp do i phng dn qun s h th ta c th tranh th thi c
m t tn cng vi mc ch gy tn tht hoc gy kh khn cho i phng.
Sau y chng ta xem mt s vn do nng vi tn cng hay phn cng khi cha lc lng tht bi.
Vn 13: Pho u B Nghch Pho Ph
1. P2-5 P2-5 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 P8-7 4. X2.8 X1.1 5. P8.6? P5/1 6. P8/4 P5.5 7. P5.4 P5/2!

en vi a Xe tn cng t nc th 4 b i phng ln Xe i i. Nu en i th th c sm cn
bng, cn sai lm i P8.6 b sa by ca Trng khin en tht th.
8. X2-9 M3/1 9.X9.1
Nu nh en i li 9. P8.3 M1.3 10. P8-3 M8.7 11. P5-4 X9.1 12. P4/5 X9-6 13. X9.1 X6.4, Trng
cng u th thng.
9. ... M1.3 10. P8.2 B3.1 11. X9-6 M3.5 12. X6.5 M5.7 13. P8-3 P7-5 14. P3-5 M7/5 15. X6-5 M8.7
16. X5.1 T7.5 trng thng r.
Vn 14: Pho u B Thun Pho Ph
1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1.1 M2.1 4. X1-6 P2-3 5. X6.6 P3.4 6. X6/4? X1-2
Trng b Pho nhm m phc 7...P5-3 uy hip Tng v n Xe.
7. P8-6 X2.8 8. P6.7 P5-3 9. P6-4 M7/6 10. P5.4 Pt-2
en ra qun cha y m vi tn cng gip cho Trng va chng va nh tr n.

11. T7.5
en cng khng cu c nu nh 11.T3.5 P2.3 12.X9.2 X9-8 13.X9-6 X2-4! 14.X6.6 Tg.1 15.T5.7
X4/1 16.X6/7 X8.7, phong ta M, Trng thng.
11. ... P2.3 12. S6.5 X9.2 13. X9.2 B1.1 14. X9-6 P2-1 15. Tg5-6 X2.1 16. Tg6.1 P3-4 17. Xt.4 X9-4
18. X6.5 M6.7 19. X6-3 M1.2 20. S5.4 X2-5
en chu thua v tip sau Trng nhy M chiu b.
Vn 15: Pho u B Bnh Phong M Ph
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. M8.9 B7.1 5. P8-7 P2.2 6. X2.6 M7.6 7. X9-8 B7.1 8. X24 M6.4 9. B3.1 X1-2 10. P7-6 P8.4 11. X8.4 P8-7 12. T3.1?
en t nc th 6 cho Xe qua h bt u b i phng nh tr, tnh th gay cn. n y nu en i
12. M3/5 th tnh hnh cn phc tp.
12..... P2-3 13. X8-6 P3.5 14. S6.5 P3-1 15. Tg5-6 X2.9 16. Tg6.1 X2/1 17. Tg6/1 X8.4 18. X6.3

en cha phi hp c cc qun tn cng cn Trng th cc qun phi hp tt c th uy hip Tng

en lm thua.

18..... X8-2 19. X4-5 T3.5 20. P6.7 Xt-1 21. Tg6-5 X2.5 22. S5/6 X1/1 23. P5-6 X2/1
24. S6.5 P7-3 en chu thua.

VI. Khng nn tham li nh m b by

Khi khai cuc khng phi ch ra nhanh cc qun m cn phi to mt th lin hon gia chng, trong
cn c nhng ci by nh i phng. Nhng ngi chi c thiu kinh nghim ham rt ui, bt
qun, bt Tt thng b vy hm, c khi b mt qun lun.
Do nguyn tc ny dy chng ta phi lun lun nhn ton din, ng phin din, ng tham mt li
nh m b mc mu i phng.
V nhng loi by trong khai cuc th c rt nhiu, mi th trn u c nhng kiu by ring. Sau y
xin gii thiu mt s by thng gp nht trong cc th trn thng dng.
Vn 16: Pho u B n M Ging By
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. M8.9 T3.5 5. P8-7 P2.2 6. X9-8 P2-3 7. P7.3 B3.1 8. X8.6
B7.1 9. B9.1 S4.5 10. X8-7 X1-2 11. X2.4 P8-7! 12. X2-6 X8.6

en chi Pho u tn cng khng mnh nn Trng phng th d dng. By gi en dn qun sang
cnh tri cnh mt cho Trng tr n. Th nhng ham M m khng thy ci by ca Trng
ging ra.
13. M9.8 X8-7 14. P5-8? X2-3! 15. T3.5 P7.1 Bt cht Xe en
Tt nhin vn c cn ging co nhng en l cht m khng c th th phi thua c tn.
Vn 17: Pho u B Phn Cng M Ging By
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 P8-6 3. X1-2 M8.7 4. M8.7 T3.5 5. P8-9 X1-2 6. X2.6 X9.2 7. X2-3 P2/1 8. B5.1

en chi khng tch cc nn b Trng li dng cnh mt ca en yu trm Pho cnh mt ca mnh
chuyn sang bt Xe. By gi nu en i: 8.X9-8 P2-7 9.X3-4 M7.8 10.X4-2 X2.9 11.M7/8 M8.6
12.M3/1 X9-7 13.X2-4 P7-6 14.X4-2 Pt.7 15.X2/2 M6.5 16.T7.5 X7-6, Trng vn u th.
8..... P2-7 9. X3-4 M7.8 10. X4-2 P7.6 11. P5.4 M3.5 12. X2-5 P7-1 13. X9.2 P6/1 14. X5-7 P6-5
15. X7/2 M8.7
Trng li qun, u th thng.
Vn 18: Pho u B Bnh Phong M Ging By
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. X2.6 P8-9 6. X2-3 P9/1 7. P8-7? M3/5!

en xng xo cho Xe qua h M li m thm mi tn cng ca Pho l 7 nh chi B7.1 uy hip

M i phng. Trng nhn c hi nhy M v tm e da bt cht Xe en
8. P5.4
Tt nhin en c nhiu phng n, nhng nu ch quan chi 8.M8.9 P9-7 9. P5.4 M5.3! 10. X3-4 M3.5
11. P7-5 P2-5, Trng li qun, u th.

8... M7.5 9. X3-5 B7.1 10. B3.1 P2-7 11. T7.5 P9-7 12. M3.4 Pt.7 13. T5/3 P7.8 14.
S4.5 P7-9 15. Tg5-4 X1.2 16. B3.1 X8.9 17. Tg4.1 X1-6 18. X5/2 X8/4 Trng u th
ln.

VII. Phi trnh tnh trng cc qun cn tr nhau

Cn lu trong mt s th trn nh Qu Cung Pho, Kim Cu Pho hoc Qu Cung Lim Pho... dn
qun sang mt cnh d xy ra tnh trng cc qun dn cc li, kh b xoay tr. Cc qun khng linh
hot th cng kh pht huy ht kh nng ca chng, d b i phng vy p. Cho nn nguyn tc ny
lu cch trin khai qun sao cho nhp nhng mi hnh thnh c mt th trn vng chc, to iu
kin thun li cho cc giai on sau.
Chng ta xem mt s vn ch r tnh trng ny.
Vn 19: Qu Cung Pho B Pho u Ph
1. P2-6 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9.1 4. X2.4 X9-4 5. S6.5 M2.3 6. X2-7 B5.1 7. X7.2 X1.2 8. P6-7

en chi Qu Cung Pho dn qun sang mt cnh khin Xe, M cnh tri chm ra. Va ri Trng d
en n M s b 8...P2.7 n M chiu ri X1-3 bt Xe Trng, do en phi a Pho h tr cho Xe
bt M.
8.... X4.7 9. M8.9 P2.4! 10. X7.1 P2-5 11. T3.5
Nu nh 11. M3.5 P5.4 12. T3.5 C5.1 13. X7-9 T3.1 14. X9-8 C5-6 15. P8.1 P5/4 16. C7.1 M7.5 Trng
cng u th thng.
11. ... Pt-1 12. X9-8 P1-2 13. X8-9 X1-3 14. P7.5 P5.5 15. S5.4 P2-7 16. P8.1 P7/1 17. B7.1 P7-5 18.
P8-5 Pt-7 19. S4.5 X4/2 20. P5/1 P7-5 21. T7.5 X4-9
By gi en xut Tng bn no cng b Xe chiu v bt mt Xe en
Vn 20: Pho u Cng Bnh Phong M Hin i
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. M8.7 T3.5 6. X2.6 M7.6 7. P8.2 B7.1 8. X2-4
B7.1 9. M3/5 M6/4 10. T7.9!

en va quyt nh mt nc c gy cho Trng lm vo th kt qun nghim trng. Trc kia ti y

en thng chi 10. X4-2 phong ta Xe, Pho Trng nhng by gi ln Tng bin bo v Tt 7, chp
nhn cho Trng tr n cnh mt.
10..... P8.7 11. P8.2 M4/3 12. M7.6 S4.5 13. M6.4 B7-6 14. X4-2 X8.3 15. M4.2
en hon ton lm ch tnh th, cn Trng kt c rt kh chng .
Vn 21: Tin Nhn Ch L i Kim Cu Pho
1. B3.1 P2-7 2. T3.5 M2.3 3. X9.1 T7.5 4. X9-4 X1-2 5. X4.5 M8.9 6. M2.4 P8.2

Trng chi Kim Cu Pho hay cn gi l Qu Cung Lim Pho chng trn Tin Nhn
Ch L khin th c g b kt qun cnh tri. Cn bn thn bn en cng kh trin
khai con M cnh tri buc cng phi nhy ra bin:
7. M8.9 P8-3 8. P8-6 S4.5 9. P2.5 X2.8 10. B7.1 P3-1 11. M9.7 X2/2 12. M7.5 B5.1 13.
M5/3 B7.1 14. B3.1 P1-7 15. M3.2 X9-8 16. P2-5 T3.5 17. M2.3 X8.2 18. M3/4
Vn c chi n y tuy cha kt thc nhng en u th r, do li Tng v cc qun
ng linh hot, trong khi cnh qun Trng bn tri vn cha c kh nng phi hp
tin ln.

Mt s cch tn, vi phm cc nguyn tc khai cuc

Cc mc trn l by nguyn tc c bn ca khai cuc m ngi chi c cn nm vng vn dng cho
tt. Tuy nhin khng phi l nhng nguyn tc tuyt i bt di bt dch v c nhng trng hp ngoi
l m ngi chi c c kinh nghim u phi bit c th "vi phm" nguyn tc, ginh ly chin thng
mt cch nhanh chng hn. Mt khc cng cn bit: by nguyn tc trn c mi quan h khng kht vi
nhau. Vi phm mt nguyn tc no cng ng thi vi phm mt s nguyn tc khc c lin quan.
Tnh hnh hin nay, cc danh k ang cch tn i mi nhiu loi khai cuc, do nhng iu thi
trc khng nh l ng th ngy nay u c xem xt li. C nhng iu c tip tc cng nhn
nhng cng c lm iu b sa i b sung. Nh Xe lun lun phi chim thng l, cc danh k ng
i nht tr nhng trong mt s th trn h li a Xe vo nhng ch tm thi coi nh l nghn, sau
m bung ra li c th hn. Thi xa M cm k nhp cung, nhng cc danh k ng i coi l
vic bnh thng, thm ch li ha hay trong mt s trng hp. Hoc c nhng ci by i phng
ging ra h chp nhn sp by ri c cch nh tr. Chng hn cc th c minh ho phn sau.
Vn 22: Trn "Kh M hm Xa" si ng mt thi
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B3.1 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.4 M2.3 5. B7.1 B3.1 6. X2-7 P2/1 7. P8-7 P2-3 8. X7-3
B7.1 9. X3.1 T3.5
By gi nu en chp nhn a vo tnh hung i cng phc tp th Xe n M ri sp by ca i
phng phi mt mt Xe. Th nhng cuc chin khng n gin sau khi en chu mt Xe c th tn
cng:
10. X3.2 M3/5 11. P5.4 P3.8 12. Tg5.1 P3-1 13. P7.2

en phi hp hai Pho v mt Xe uy hip trung l i phng, c may chin thng c thi ngi ta coi
nh ngang nhau, nhng sau ny nhiu danh th cho rng bn trng u th hn. Chng hn vn c tip
din:
13. ... X1-3 14. P7-5 X3.8 15. Tg5/1 X3/3 16. B3.1 P8.4 17. M3.4 X3-5 18. B5.1 P8-5 19. X3/1 X8.6
trng u th
Tt nhin vn c t nc 16 tr i c rt nhiu bin ha phc tp. Bn no mun nghin cu k hn nn
xem "Th trn Pho u - Bnh Phong M c in" (tp 1, trang 25) do Hi c TpHCM xut bn nm
1988.
Vn 23: Trn "Kh Pho hm Xa" khng ai dm chi!
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. X1-2 X9.1 4. B7.1 P8-7 5. P8.4 T3.5 6. X2.7 X9-4 7. X2-3
en chi Pho u tn cng i phng phng th bng n M. n nc th 7, en chp nhn n
Pho ri bTrng bt cht Xe, buc en dng Xe n M.

7. ... M3/5 8. X3-1 P2-9 9. P8-5 X1-2 10. M8.7 X4.7

Trng c th chn mt s phng n khc nh
10...X4.6 11. X9.2 X2.6 12. S4.5 X3/4 13. B5.1 X2-7 14. M7.5 P9.4 15. M3.1 X7-9 16. B5.1 X4.2 17.
P5-3 X9-7 18. M5.4 X7/2 19. X9-4 en thng. Hoc nu 10...X2.8 11. X9.1 X2-1 12. M7/9 X4.7 13. Ps8 X4-2 14. P8.1 B7.1 15. M3/5 P9.4 16. M5.5 B7.1 17. P5/2 B7-6 18. M6.5, en thng.
11. X9.1 X4-1 12. M7/9 X2.8 13. Ps-7 B7.1 14. P7.4 X2/8 15. M9.8 P9-7 16. M8.6 P7.4 17. M6.4 X2-3
18. M4.5 T7.5 19. P7-1 en thng

Do phn tch trn, en i Xe ly Pho M vn gi th cng nn sau ny Trng khng

dm chi na.

Chng III

Cch i tin - cch i hu

Khi tin hnh mt vn c, d i trc hay i sau u phi tun th nhng nguyn tc c bn trong khai
cuc, v chnh l nhng kinh nghim c c kt t thc tin. Nhng cc nguyn tc c nu trn
ch mi l nhng nh hng, cn phi c c th ha r hn. Do phn trnh by sau y s nu
thm nhng kinh nghim c th gip cc bn mi hc phi lng tng khi cm qun i tin hoc i
hu.
I. CCH I TIN
c i trc tn cng i phng l mt li th quan trng v ngi i trc hon ton ch ng la
chn th trn theo thch v thng bt buc i phng phi i ph theo mnh. Nhng ngi chi c
cao thng pht huy c hiu qu nc tin n mc chi khng thng th ha ch him khi thua. Cho
nn trong thi u C Tng xa kia thng qui nh mt cp u th phi gp nhau trong hai vn th
mi cng bng, mi ngi c i trc mt vn.
Sau y chng ta xem nhng vn c m bn i sau c nhng sai lm do vi phm cc nguyn tc c bn
bn i trc ginh thng li d dng. Tuy nhin bn i trc mun ginh chin thng th phi c k
hoch ng, chn ng mc tiu tn cng, bit cch phi hp sc mnh cc qun, trn c s ny tha c
bn i sau sai lm, bn i trc mi ginh chin thng.
CHI PHO U, MC TIU L CON TT U
Nh ni trn, trong nm con Tt th con Tt u l quan trng hn c v n l mt qun trong h
thng phng th che chn tin n bo v trung l, ng thi c c hi n tin ln thnh mt mi tn
cng. Khi bn i trc chi Pho u th con Tt 5 ca Trng chnh l mc tiu u tin ca Pho. My
vn c sau y l bi hc c in cho thy tm quan trng ca Tt u.
Vn 24: Th trn thun Pho
1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1.1 X9-8 4. X1-6 X8.6 5. X6.7 M2.1? 6. X9.1

Bn tin xng xo ra c hai Xe tn cng quyt lit i phng, mc tiu quan trng l con Tt u
ca Trng m con Tt ny c M bo v. K hoch ca en l phi dit con M bo v ny ri mi dit
c Tt u. Lm sao dit c con M 7 ca Trng khi m n c con Pho 2 ca phe n bo v?
Vy khu u tin phi d con Pho 2 Trng "tham n" qun nhim v bo v M n ri b v tr
phng th , bng cch Xe en tin ln ph b M hay dng M lm mi nh Pho i phng!
6..... P2.7?? 7. P8.5!
i phng trng k, cp tc a Pho en tn cng M 7. By gi Trng c 5 phng n chng
l M7/8 hoc X8-7 hoc X8/4 hoc S6.5 hoc P2/2. Tt c cc phng n u tht bi, quyn "Th trn
Thun Pho c in v hin i" trnh by r cc phng n ny. y ch chn mt phng n
thy din bin tip khi mt Tt u th Trng thua nhanh chng nh th no.
7... M7/8? 8. P5.4 S6.5 9. X9-6

Cc qun en phi hp tn cng trc tip Tng Trng m Trng khng c mt qun no kp chi vin
cu gi, d cn su qun ch lc.
9. ... Tg5-6 10. Xt.1 Tg6.1 11. Xt/1 P5-6 12. P8-5 Tg6/1 13. Ps-4 P6-8 14. Xt-5 T3.5 15. X6-4 P2/7 16.
P4.1 Trng chu thua.
Vn 25: Th trn Nghch Pho
1. P8-5 P8-5 2. M8.7 M2.1 3. X9-8 X1-2 4. X8.4
Tuy mc tiu l Tt u nhng khng phi mun n lc no cng c. en phi ra qun tng i y
phi hp ri mi n, nu n sm qu m cha phi hp c th s b i phng tr n.
4..... M8.7 5. M2.1 X9-8 6. X1-2 X8.4 7. B1.1 B1.1 8. M1.2 M1.2 9. X8-4 X8-4 10. M2.3 M2.3?
Trng ng l i 10...S4.5 hoc 10...X4-7 bt M, hn ch mc tn cng ca i phng, nu mnh ai
ny cng th Trng chm hn. By gi en nhm n con Tt u ca Trng, do cn d con M bo
v i ch khc.
11. P2.7 M7/8
Con M Trng li qun trng trch bo v Tt u, ng l nn 11...S4.5, nu en i 12. P2-1 th Tg-4
cn c c hi nh tr.

12. P5.4 S4.5 13. X4.5 Tg5-6 14. X2.9 P5-7 15. X2-3 Tg6.1 16. X3/2 T3.5 17. X3-2 Tg6/1 18. X2.2
T5/7 19. X2-3 Thng.
Vn 26: Trn Pho u i n m
1. P8-5 M8.7 2. M8.7 M2.1 3. X9.1 T7.5 4. X9-4 S6.5 5. X4.5 X9-6 6. X4-3 P8/2?
en uy hip M Trng vn gi quyn ch ng cn Trng phng th chi nc P8/2 ng trch. Nu
mun ui Xe en th ch cn P8/1 l c ri.
7. M2.3 P8-7??

en rt mun tiu dit con M 7 ca Trng sau nhm n con Tt u. Nu nh Trng va ri i

7...X6.6 ri nc sau mi i P8-7 th en kh lm g, ng ny Trng li i ngay P8-7 gip en thc
hin c k hoch:
8. X3.1 P2-7 9. P2.7 Pt.5
Trng t ra qu "phm n" bt k nguy him. Nu thy en uy hip con Tt u, nn i 9...M1/2 sau
nhy ln truy ui Pho i phng th cn cm c lu.
10. X1.2 Pt-3 11. P5.4 M1/2 12. X1-4 M2.3 13. X4.7 Thng.
Vn 27: Li Pho u i n m
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. X1.1 T3.5 4. X1-6 S4.5 5. M8.7 X1-4 6. X9.1 X4.8 7. X9-6 B9.1 8. B5.1

Vic tiu dit Tt u i phng khng n gin. Do phi dng bin php tin Tt u ca mnh
lm mi xung kch.
8. ... B3.1
Nu nh 8...X9-8 9. B5.1 B5.1 10. M7.5 P8-6 11. M5.7 B3.1 12. M7.5 M3/4 13. X6.6! X8.2 14. X6-8
M4.3 15. X8-7 Tg-4 16. X7-6 Tg-5 17. X6-9 Tg-4 18. X9.2 Tg.1 19. M5.7 en thng.
9. B5.1 B5.1 10. M7.5 P2.2 11. B7.1 X9-8 12. X6.5 B3.1 13. M5.7 B5.1 14. X6-7 P2-3 15. T7.9 P8-6
16. P8.2 X8.5 17. M7.5 B5.1 18. T9.7 X8.1 19. M3.5 X8-7 20. Mt.4 S5.6 21. M5.6 S6.5 22. X7.1 Tg54 23. X7-9
en phi hp ba qun cng bn chiu b d (tam t ng bin).
Vn 28: Pho u i bnh phong m hin i

Cng mt kiu tn cng nh vn 27, vn L Ngha nh gp Mch Xng Hnh hi thng 7 nm 1962
chi nh sau:
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B7.1 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 M2.3 5. M8.7 B3.1 6. X9.1 P2.1 7. X2/2 T3.5 8. X9-6
S4.5 9. B5.1 X1-4?
Cnh bn mt ca Trng cn c Xe phng th, khng nn i, cn i 9...P8.2 gi trung l.
10. X6.8 S5/4 11. B5.1 P8-9 12. X2-6 P2.1 13. M7.5 B5.1
Nu nh 13... P2.5 14. B7.1 B3.1 15. X6-7 M3.2 16. X7-8 M2/3 17. X8.2 M7.6 18. P5.3 M6.5
19. M3.5 B5.1 20. M5.7 en vn gi u th.
14. B7.1 M7.5 15. X6.2 P9-6 16. M5/7

en t mc tiu vo con Tt u nhng by gi chuyn sang uy hip con M u ca Trng. Nu

Trng chy M5/7 th B7.1, en uy hip mnh, Trng kh chng , do vy phi hi sinh M thi.
16.... B3.1 17. P5.4 S6.5 18. P5-9 B5.1 19. P9.3 T5/3 20. X6-7 T7.5 21. T7.5 X8.7 22. M3/5 X8-6 23.
T5.7 X6.1 24. M5.6 X6-4 25. M6.5 P6-7 26. P8.2 X4-3 27. T7/5 P2/3 28. P8.3 M3.5 29. P8-3 P2.8 30.
T5/7 M5/7 31. T3.5
Trng khng cn kh nng phn cng c nn chu thua.
Vn 29: Mc tiu c th l con tng u
1. P8-5 M8.7 2. M8.7 M2.1 3. X9-8 P2-4 4. B5.1 T7.5 5. B5.1 B5.1 6. X8.5 S6.5 7. X8-5 X9-6 8. M2.3
P4.5 9. P2-1 P4-7 10. M7.5 P7.1 11. X1-2 P8/2

Sau khi tiu dit Tt u, by gi en mun kt thc sm th phi nh thng c tuyn phng th ca
Tng, do en sn sng hi sinh c Xe.
12. X5.2 T3.5 13. P5.5 S5.6 14. P1-5 X6.1 15. M5.4 Tg5-6 16. M4.3 X6-7 17. X2.9 Tg6.1 18. X2-5
M1/3 19. Ps-4 S6/5 20. P5/4
Trng chu thua v khng chng c Pho trng
y l trng hp en c iu kin phi hp qun kt thc vn c. Trong nhiu trng hp dit
Tng ch gy cho h thng phng th ca i phng yu km sau tn cng mnh hn mi ginh
c thng li. Vn L Ngha nh gp i Quang Khit ngy 16-12-56 di y minh ha kiu chi
ny.
Vn 30: Pho u i bnh phong m
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. P8.2 P2.2 6. X2.6 P8-9 7. X2.3 M7/8 8. M8.7
T3.5 9. X9.1 P9-7 10. X9-2 M8.9 11. X2.6 P7.1 12. B5.1 S4.5 13. B5.1 X1-4 14. B5-4
Mc tiu dit Tt u ca en thay i v s to iu kin cho M Trng kp nhy ln tr n. By gi
en nhm con Tng u nhng Trng t ra khng lo lng v tnh chuyn phn cng.
14..... X4.6 15. P5.5 T7.5 16. X2-1 B3.1 17. B7.1 P2-6 18. X1-5 P6-5

Trng l "phng lao phi theo lao" ch nu lui Xe v i Xe en th kh chng c tn. Hi sinh M
chi Pho huyn khng to th i cng.
19. X5-7 X4-3 20. P8-2 S5.4 21. X7.2 Tg5.1 22. X7/1 Tg5.1 23. X7-4 X3-5 24. M3/5 X5/1 25. T7.5
P7.3 26. X4/5 X5-8 27. X4-3 X8-6 28. X3-5 B7.1 29. B7-6 P5.1 30. M5/7 B7.1 31. Ms.6
en thng r.
Vn 31: Pho u cng bnh phong M
Tng t kiu tn cng nh vn 30, chng ta xem tip vn Ngy Trng Lm chi vi ng Bng cng
ngy 16-12-56 nh sau.
1. P8-5 M2.3 2. M8.7 M8.7 3. X9-8 X1-2 4. B3.1 B3.1 5. X8.6 P2-1 6. X8-7 P1/1 7. P2-3? P1-3?
en nn i 7. M2.3 hoc 7. P2.4 uy hip mnh hn cn Trng nn 7... M7/5 c nhiu c may tr n.
8. X7-6 T7.5 9. X6.2 P3-2 10. B3.1 T5.7
en hi sinh Tt cnh tri ca i phng ngt ngt ng thi en m ng cho M tin bin v
nhy ln nhanh chng.
11. M2.1 S6.5 12. X1-2 X9-8 13. X2.6 P8/1 14. X6/2 T3.5 15. X6-7 X2-3 16. X2-3 M7/6 17. X3-2 X89 18. B5.1 P8-7 19. P3.6 P2-7 20. X2-3 P7.1 21. M1.3 X9-8 22. M3.4 P7-6 23. M4.6 X8.6 24. B5.1
P6.5

Sau khi ging co uy hip c hai cnh, cui cng vn nhm mc tiu Tt u v Tng
u ca i phng.
25. B5.1 X8-6 26. B5.1 T7/5 27. X3/3 X6/5 28. M7.5 X6.4 29. M5.6 X6/4 30. Ms.4 X6.2
31. M6.7 X3.1 32. X7-4
en bt Pho v e da 33. X3.6 nh b, Trng chu thua.

MC TIU L CNH NO PHNG TH YU

Trong vn c, cuc chin thng din ra ba mt trn: chnh din hay cc trc l 4, 5 v 6 nhm uy hip
trc tip Tng; trc din hay l hai bn cnh, c th l cnh mt hay cnh tri. Bn i tin cn nhy bn
nh gi cnh no phng th km c th chuyn mc tiu t trung l sang cnh, thng ginh c
thng li. Sau y l mt s vn minh ha cho nhng kiu tn cng cnh.
Vn 32: Trn nghch Pho nguy him
1. P8-5 P8-5 2. M8.7 M2.1 3. X9-8 X1-2 4. X8.4 M8.7 5. M2.1 X9-8 6. X1-2 X8.6?
Bn Trng i sau nn phng th cht ch trc , vi phng Xe xung phn cng v cng nguy him.
7. P5-4 P2-4 8. X8-4 B1.1 9. P4.1 X8-7??
Trng tham n Tt m khng thy nguy him cht ngi, r rng lt vo by ca i phng. Tt nht
nn 9...X8/2 phng th bn h, c g i X2.4 tng cng lin lc gia hai cnh.
10. P2.7 X7.1 11. P4-3

en cng c th chi ngay 11. P4.6 dit S ri phi hp hai Xe tn cng cnh tri ca Trng ch c mt
M phng th, chc s ginh thng li nhanh. By gi chi P4-3 nu Trng b Xe n Pho ri dng M
dit Pho kia, vn c s ko di. Th nhng Trng li i tip khng nh vy.
11. ... X7-3 12. X4.5 M7/6 13. P3.6 Tg5.1 14. X2.8 Thng.
y l vn c chi theo l thuyt, cn trong thc t tn cng cnh vn c phi hp tn cng trung l.
Vn 33: Trn nghch Pho i cng
Trong thc t tn cng cnh vn c phi hp tn cng trung l. Vn Dng Quan Ln gp Trng Tng
Hoa ngy 16-12-56 i nh sau.
1. P2-5 P2-5 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. M8.7 M2.3 4. X9-8 X1-2 5. P8.4 S4.5 6. B3.1 P8-7?
en thy i phng chi Nghch Pho mun tr n nn i B3.1 nhy M uy hip trung l. ng l
Trng i X9.1 phng th vng hn.
7. M3.4 X9-8 8. X1.1 B3.1 9. X1-6 X8.4 10. M4.5 P7-6 11. M5.7 P6-3 12. P8-5 X2.9

en dn c Pho u, Xe li chn l Tng nn i Xe cho cnh mt i phng yu km ri xut

Tng tr cng.
13. M7/8 P3-1 14. S6.5 M9/8 15. Tg5-6 P1/2 16. B9.1 M8.7 17. B5.1 B7.1 18. B3.1 X8-7 19. M8.9
X7/1 20. Ps-8 P1-2 21. M9.8 P2-1 22. M8.7 P1-2 23. M7.9 Thng.
Vn 34: Trn Pho u ph bnh phong m hin i
Cng vi kiu chi nh vn 33, Dng Quan Ln li thng Triu Hng Tuyn ngy 17-12-56 nh sau.
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. B7.1 M2.3 4. X1-2 B7.1 5. X2.6 P8-9 6. X2-3 P9/1 7. P8-7 P9-7 8. X3-4
T3.5 9. X4.2 P7-9 10. B7.1 T5.3 11. M8.9 S4.5 12. X9-8 X1-2 13. X8.6 P2/1 14. X4/4 M3/4 15. M9.7
X8.3 16. B3.1 X8-7 17. M3.2 B7.1 18. M2.3 B7-6 19. M3/4 X2-1 20. M7.6 M4.5

en tn cng cng mt lc c hai cnh c gy cho Trng kh khn trong i ph nhng

cui cng en ch duy tr c quyn ch ng. By gi en tip tc gy sc p vo
trung l v cnh mt ca Trng.
21. B1.1 B1.1 22. M6.7 P2-3 23. M7/5 M7.6 24. B5.1 M5.7 25. M4.2 P9-7 26. M2.4
X1-4 27. P7.4 P7.8 28. S4.5 T3/5 29. M5.7 X4-3 30. P7.2 X3.1
n y en thy r s yu km bn cnh mt ca Trng, d y c mt Xe bo v, do
en tp trung qun tn cng y.
31. M4/6 M6.7 32. P5-7 X3-4 33. X8.3 S5/4 34. P7-6 X4-3 35. X8-6 Thng.
Vn 35: Pho u tun h Pho cng bnh phong m
C nhiu trng hp bn tin tn cng hai cnh cui cng i phng lng tng khng
chng c. Vn sau l trn giao hu gia Lu Vn Trit cng T Gia Lng cm
en, Chu Hng Tn v Dng Khc Lim cm Trng.

1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B7.1 3. M8.7 M2.3 4. B7.1 T3.5 5. X1-2 X9-8 6. P8.2 P2/1 7.
B3.1 P8.2 8. B3.1 P2-8 9. X2.5 M7.8 10. B3-2
Trong nhng nm cui thp nin 50 v u thp nin 60 ngi ta thng chi Pho u
tun h Pho v lun chim u th. y en c gan hi sinh Xe ginh ly th cng.
10..... P8-7 11. M3.4 P7.4 12. P5-6?
ng l en i 12. M4.5 hay hn, v nu Trng chi 12... P7-2 13. M7.8 M3.5 14. P5.4
15. M8.7 M8.4 16. X9-8 X8/1 17. M7.9 Tg-4 18.M9.8! en u th thng.
12..... X1-2 13. T7.5 P7/3 14. P6/1 X8.1 15. P6-8 X2-1 16. S6.5 X8-4 17. M7.6 B3.1 18.
X9-7 B1.1 19. M6.4 P7-6 20. Mt.2 S4.5 21. M2.3 Tg5-4 22. Ps.1 B3.1 23. X7.4 X4-3
24. Ps-6 P6/1 25. M4.3 Tg4-5 26. Ms.4 S5.6 27. M4/6 Tg5.1 28. B2-3 Tg5-6 29. X7.3
X3.1 30. P8-2
Trng chu thua v nu 30... S6/5 31. P2.4 Tg6.1 32. B3.1 Trng ht .

II. CCH I HU
i sau ni chung l phi phng ng chng , nhng c nhiu th trn bn i sau va phng ng nhng
cng ng thi sn sng phn cng nu i phng chi sai lm hay tn cng khng tch cc. l cc
trn Thun Pho, Nghch Pho, Bnh Phong M, Phn Cng M v Thit n . Sau y chng ta xem
xt nhng trng hp bn i trc c sai st, vi phm nguyn tc c bn ca khai cuc b bn i sau
phn n ginh chin thng.
1. Phn cng trung l l mc ch ca Trng
Nu bn i trc coi Tt u l mc tiu ln trong khai cuc th bn i sau cng lun quan tm mc tiu
ny tranh ginh vi i phng. Trong mt s trng hp bn i sau nh tr uy hip ngay trung l
ca i phng. Cc vn c sau y minh ha cho iu ny.
Vn 36: Cuc u Tranh Ginh Lm Ch Trung L
1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9.1 4. M8.9 B1.1 5. X2.6 X9-4 6. S4.5 M2.1 7. X2-3 X1.1 8. B3.1
X4.4!
Trng a Xe k h khng cho M en nhy ln ng thi nu en i 9. B3.1 X4-7 sau i T7.9 bt
cht Tt i phng, chim u.
9. P8-6 M1.2 10. X3/1 M2.1 11. X9-8 P2-3 12. X8.6 T7.9 13. X3.1 X1-6 14. X8-7 M1/2

15. P5.4 M7.5 16. X3-5 X6.7 17. X5/1 P5/1!

Trng lui Pho hi sinh M phn n ngay trung l trong khi cc Xe sn sng phi hp lm thua i
phng.
18. X5-8 X4.2 19. M3/4 P3-5 20. M9/7 Ps.5 21. M7.5 X4-5
en chu thua v khng c g cu c.
Vn 37: Trng Cng t Mc Tiu Vo Tt u
1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9.1 4. M8.9 B1.1 5. X2.6 X9-4 6. S4.5 M2.1 7. X2-3 X1.1 8. B3.1
X4.7 9. B3.1 X1-6

en cn mt Xe trong gc, mi s dng Tt 3 tn cng trong khi 2 Xe Trng ginh cc yu l

quan trng chun b cuc phn cng quyt lit:
10. M3.2 X6.7 11. M2.4 S4.5 12. M4.3 P2-7
en cng phi bo v Tt u, nu tham bt M i phng b Tt u l sai lm nghim trng.
13. X3.1 P5.4 14. B3-2 M1.2 15. B7.1 ..
en khng th lui Xe v bt Pho u ca Trng c, v nu 15. X3/4 P5-1, bt hai Xe en.
15. ... M2.4 16. P8.7 T3.5 17. M9.7 M4.3 18. T7.9 M3.4 19. M7/6 X6-5 20. Tg5-4 X5-6 Thng.
Vn 38: en Sai Lm Phi Tr Gi
Vn c ny do Trng Tng Hoa v Dng Quan Ln chi ngy 15-12-56 mt ln na cho thy en
chi khng chnh xc bTrng phn cng ngay trung l ginh chin thng rt p.
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. B7.1 B7.1 4. M8.7 M7.6 5. X9.1 S4.5 6. X9-6 T3.5 7. B5.1? M6.7
en vi tin Tt u, ng l phi ra Xe nhanh 7. X1-2 P8-7 8. B5.1 9. B5.1 B5.1 10. M3.5, en vn u.
8. M3.5 X9-8 9. B5.1 B5.1 10. P5.3 P8.3 11. X6.5 P8-5 12. S4.5 X1-4 13. X6-7 P2.4 14. X7-8 P2-3 15.
T7.5 X4.4 16. X8/3 X4-5 17. X8-7 X5-2 18. P8.1

en chm ra Xe nn bTrng phn cng, cc qun en lng tng. By gi nu en i 18. P8.9 X2.3 19.
P9/1 M3.2, en chy Xe mt M. n y Trng bt u uy hip trung l m mc tiu l Tng u.
18.... X8.7! 19. B7.1 T5.3 20. M5.7 M7.5 21. T3.5 X8-5 22. Tg5-4 M3.4 23. X7-4 X5-3 24. M7.5 X3/1
25. X4.1 X2.1 26. X1-3 T3/5 27. X3-2 B7.1 28. X4.1 P5-6 29. X2.6 X3-6 30. S5.4 X6.1 31. Tg4-5 X6-5
32. S6.5 X2.1 33. M5.6 S5.4 34. X4-6 P6.4 35. Tg5-4 X5.1 en chu thua.

Vn 39: Pho u Khng D Yn Thn

1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. X2.6 B7.1 5. B5.1 B3.1 6. B5.1 S4.5 7. M3.5 B5.1 8. P5.3
T3.5 9. X2-6?
en chi Pho u Xe qua h cng gp khng ch c trung l. By gi ng l chi P8-5 ri trin
khai nhanh cnh tri, en i nc X2-6 tht v ngha.
9. ... P8.2 10. P8-5 P8-5 11. P5.3 X8.5 12. B3.1 B7.1 13. X6-3 M3.5 14. X3/2 X8/1 15. X3-5 M5.7

Trng khng th i phng dng Pho u khng ch trung l ca mnh nn dng mi cch
trc n i. en c bm gi trn a nhng Xem chng th ng ca Xe, Pho en khng n.
16. X5-3 Mt/6 17. P5/1 M6.5 18. X3-4 M5/7 19. X4-3 X8-5 20. M5/3? Mt.9 21. X3-2 M7.6 22. X2-4
M9.8 23. X4/1 M8.7 24. X4/2 X5.1 25. S4.5 P2.6
Bt cht Xe, en chu thua.
Vn c kt thc m mt cnh qun en hon ton bt ng, r rng vi phm nguyn tc khai cuc rt
nghim trng.
Vn 40: Khng Vo Pho Vn Bt c Tt u
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. M8.9 B7.1 5. P8-7 X1-2 6. X9.1 P8.4 7. X9-6 T3.5 8. S4.5
S4.5 9. X6.3 P2.5 10. B9.1 B3.1 11. M9.8 P2/1 12. P7-6 P8-5
Trng th Bnh Phong M nhng a song Pho qua h cui cng bt c Tt u ca i phng, m
u cuc phn cng:

13. X2.9 M7/8 14. P6-8 X2-4 15. X6-2 M8.7 16. B7.1 P5/2 17. B7.1 X4.7 18. P8/1 T5.3 19. X2-7 T7.5
20. M8.7?
en nhy M xung khng c tc dng g, ng l nn X7/1 bt Pho phng gi tuyn Tt sau ny
nhy M ln i Pho u ca Trng c th gii vy cu ha.
20.... X4/1 21. P8.1 X4-7 22. X7-5 P5.3 23. T7.5 B7.1 24. X5-3 X7/1 25. T5.3 M7.6 26. M3.4 P2-5
27. T3/5 P5/1
Trng u th, li Tt nhng en c th cm c nh ha. Do sai lm mt qun nn en thua c tn
Vn 41: Thun Pho i Sau y Tt u
Trc y c mt s ngi ngh rng trn Thun Pho ch c bn i tin, mi y Tt u tn cng, cn
bn i hu phng th c th khng y c. iu ny hon ton khng ng. Trong mt s trng
hp chi i cng, bn i sau vn y Tt u nh thng. Vn c ny l mt v d:
1. P8-5 P2-5 2. M8.7 M2.3 3. X9.1 X1-2 4. X9-4 S4.5 5. B1.1 X2.6 6. M2.1 X2-3 7. S4.5 M8.7! 8. P2-3
B5.1 9. X4.5

Trng m t phn cng trong khi en cha c g s h. ng l en nn i 9. X1-2 nu Trng chi

tip 9...M3.5 10. X4.5 B5.1 M5.4 12. X4-3, en u.
9. ... M7.5 10. X1-2 P8-6 11. X2.4 B9.1 12. B1.1 X9.4 13. X4-3 T7.9 14. P3-2 B5.1 15. B5.1 M5.3 16.
X3-6 X3-7 17. P5.5 T3.5 18. T7.5 Ms.5 19. P2/2? X7-3 20. P2-1 X9-7 21. P1.7 T5/7 22. P1.2 X3.1 23.
X2.5 P6-2 24. P1-3 X7/4 25. X2-3 P2.7 26. T5/7 X3.2 27. S5.6 M5.4 28. M1.3 M3.2 29. M3/5 M2.4
30. Tg5-4 X3-4 31. Tg4.1 Ms.5 32. Tg4-5 X4-5 33. Tg5-6 M4.2 Trng thng.
Vn 42: Phng Th Khng Bng Bt Tt u
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. M8.9 B3.1 5. X9.1 T3.5 6. X9-6 S4.5 7. X6.5 P8.1 8. B7.1
B7.1 9. X6/2 B3.1 10. X6-7 M3.4 11. P8-6 P8.1 12. X2.1? P8.2!

Trng chi Bnh Phong M phng th tch cc. n nc th 10, Trng nhy M ln c
M4/2 bt Xe v bt c Pho 8 ca en, buc en phi P8-6 ri X7-6 ui M
Trng lui v. Trng chi P8.1 bo v M nu X7-6 th Trng i P2-4 ui Xe, en s
mt Pho. Do en chi X2.1 nh a sang cnh tri uy hip i phng to c hi
cho Trng i P8.2 bt Tt u, phn cng trc.
13. X2-8 M4.5! 14. M3.5?
en nn 14. X7-5 buc i M m khng b Trng chi Pho u.
14. ... P8-5 15. S6.5 P2-4 16. B1.1 P5/2 17. X7-5 X1-3 18. X8-7 P5-3 19. P5.4 X8.3 20.
P5/1 X8-5 21. T3.5 P4.2 22. P5.2 T7.5 23. X5.2 M7.5 24. X7.3 P4.1 25. P6.1 B7.1 26.
B1.1 B7-6 27. P6-5 B9.1 28. P5.2 P4-5 29. M9.7 M5.7 30. X7-8 P3-4 31. Tg5-6 P4/4
32. B3.1 M7/6 33. M7.5 M6.5 34. X8.1 T5.3 35. M5/7 M5.4 36. S5.6 M4.6 37. M7.6
X3.3 38. S4.5 X3-4 Thng.

PHN CNG CNH

Nu bn i tin tn cng trung l thng kt hp vi tn cng cnh no phng th yu km ca i
phng th bn i hu cng sn sng phn cng ging nh vy. Th c ngha l nu bn tin chi sai lm
hoc tn cng thiu tch cc th bn i hu khai thc phn cng v i khi vic phn cng cnh thng
ginh thng li.
Sau y chng ta xem nhng vn c minh ha cho kiu phn cng cnh ca bn i hu.
Vn 43: n Song Long Pho "Qui Chiu"
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.3 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. P8-7 P2.6 6. X2.6 T7.5 7. X9.1 X1-2 8. X2-3
P8.6 9. X9/1 X8.2 10. B5.1 P2-7 11. M3/5

Trng chi Bnh Phong M nhng khng phng th m phn cng ngay t nc th 5 vi P2.6 khng
ch c mt cnh ca en. Sau cp Pho nh hai con rng un khc khin en rm c li.
11. ... X2.4 12. B7.1 X2-3 13. P5-4 S6.5 14. M5.6 X3.2 15. T7.5 M3/1 16. M6.4 B7.1 17. M4.5 B7.1
18. X3-4 B7.1 19. P4.2 M7.5 20. X4-5 X3-6 21. S6.5 X6/1 22. P7-3 X6.3 23. M8.7 P7-5 24. X9.1 P8.1
en chu thua.
y l vn Dng Quan Ln chi vi Lm u Nh cm en nm 1956.
Vn 44: Phn Cng C Hai Cnh
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. M8.7 T3.5 6. P8.2 P2/1 7. X2.6 P8-9 8. X2-3
X8.2 9. M7.6 P2-4 10. X3-4 M7.8 11. X4/2 M8.7 12. P5-8 X8.6 13. S6.5 P9-7 14. X4/1? M7/8! 15.
T3.5

Sau giai on khai cuc, Trng ginh quyn ch ng. By gi cc qun en cha lm c g th
cc qun Trng phi hp pht huy u th:
15. ... B7.1! 16. M6.4 B7.1 17. M4/3 P4.5 18. Mt.2 P4-6 19. M2.3 X8-7 20. B7.1 P6-8 21. Tg5-6 S4.5
22. Pt-6 X1-4 23. Mt/4 B5.1 24. P6.1 B3.1 25. P8-6 X4.4 26. M4.2 X7/1 27. T5.3 P8-7
en chu thua.
Vn 45: Tr n Cnh Li Qun Ngay
1. B7.1 P2-3 2. P8-5 P8-5 3. M8.7 M8.7 4. X9-8 X9-8 5. P2-3 M2.1 6. M2.1 B3.1 7. B7.1 X8.4 8.
X8.5?

Nguyn tc c nu: ng tham li nh m sa vo by. en li mt Tt mun khng ch khng cho

M1.3 nn ng l en i 8. B7-8 li i X8.5 b i phng ging ngay ci by.
8.... B1.1! 9. X8-9 P3/1 10. X9/1
Nu khng b Tt th b 10... P3-1 bt cht Xe, cn i 10. B7-6 th mt Tng, nguy him.
10..... X8-3 11. X9-4 P3.6 12. P3-7 X3.3 13. X4.3 S4.5 14. X4-3 P5.4 15. S4.5 T3.5 16. X3/1 P5-3 17.
P5.5 T7.5 18. T3.5 X1-4 19. X3/2 X4.8 20. T7.9 X3-1 21. X3-7 P3-5 22. Tg5-4 P5.2 23. Tg4.1 X1-5
24. X1-5 X5-9 25. S6.5 X4/2
en chu thua th Trng phi hp nh song Xe.
Vn 46: n M Cng Bit Phn Cng
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. B7.1 T3.5 5. M8.7 P2.4 6. B5.1

Trng va phi Pho qua h chun b cuc phn cng, en c th chi 6. B3.1, nu nh 6...P8.4 th 7.
M7.6, en vn cn ch ng.
6. ... S4.5 7. B9.1 X1-4 8. B9.1 X4.6 9. M7.8 X4.1 10. P8/1 P8.4!

Nh vy Trng khng th ng phng th m bt u phn cng c hai cnh, ginh quyn ch ng.
11. S4.5 X4/2 12. B9.1 X4.1 13. P8.1 X4-3 14. B9-8 P2/3 15. P8.4 X3-2 16. P8-5 X2-5 17. X9.9 M3/4
18. Pt-6 X5-4 19. P6-1 B7.1 20. X9/4 M4.3 21. T3.1 X8.3 22. M3.5 B3.1 23. M5.4 X4/1 24. X9.4 M3/4
25. M4.3 X4-5 26. X2.2 B3.1 27. X2-4 X8-7
Th c ging co nhng ri en sai st nn kt cuc thua c tn.
Vn 47: T Phn Cng Cnh n Trung L
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. X2.6 M7.6 6. M8.7 T3.5 7. P8.2 B7.1 8. X2-4
B7.1 9. M3/5 M6/4 10. X4/2 P2.2 11. X4-2 X1.1

Th c cn phc tp. Cnh tri ca Trng b Xe en phong ta phi huy ng Xe cnh mt ln tip ng.
By gi nu en chi tip: 12. P5-2 X1-6 13. P2.5 X6.1 14. P2/1 M4.3 15. X2-7 X8.3 tnh th cng,
hai bn cn bng. Th nhng en chi nhng nc tip theo khng chnh xc.
12. X9.1? X8.1 13. X9-6 M4.3!
Trng thc hin phng chm: "B qun ginh ly th". By gi nu en i: 14. X2-7 X1-6 15. X6.3
B3.1, en v cng kh chi. Do en i nh nhng nc tip theo.

14. X6.3 B3.1 15. T7.9 Mt.2 16. P5-8 P2.3 17. X6-3 P2/1 18. P8-5 B5.1 19. P5.3 T7.5 20. X3.3 M3.4
21. X3-2 X8.1 22. X2.3 B3.1 23. X2/3 B3.1 24. X2-6 X1-4 25. M7/8 P2-5 26. M5/7 X4.1 27. M7.6
M4/2 28. X6.3 M2/4 29. M6.7 P5-9
en chu thua v c tn Trng li nhiu Tt.
Vn 48: Uy Hip Trung L n Phn Cng Cnh
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B3.1 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. M8.9 M2.3 5. P8-7 M3.2 6. X2.6 T3.5 7. B5.1 S4.5 8. B5.1
B5.1 9. X2-3 B5.1 10. P7/1 X1-4 11. B3.1

en vi tn cng trung l bng hi sinh Tt u khng ng i phng bt chp nc X3 -8 bt hai qun,

c n Tt u ri a Tt qua h khng ch tr li en. By gi nu en tham n mt qun m i: 11.
X3-8 M7.6 12. X8/1 M6.8 phn cng cnh mt yu km th en kh chng .
11. ... X4.8 12. B3.1 P8.4 13. X3-8 P2-4 14. S6.5 P8-7 15. T3.1 X8.8 16. X8/1 X8-7 17. X8.4 P4/2 18.
P7.1 P7-8 19. S5.4 B5.1 20. M3.4 P8.3 21. S4.5 X7.1 22. S5/4 X7/5 23. S4.5 B5.1 24. M4/5 X7.5 25.
S5/4 X7/2 26. S4.5 X7-9 27. M5.4 X9.2 28. M4/3 P8/2 29. S5/4 X4-7
en chu thua v khng chng c nhng nc tip theo ca Trng:
30. T7.5 P8.2 31. S4.5 X7.1 32. M3/4 X7-6 33. Tg5-4 P8/3 34. Tg4.1 P8-6. thng
Vn 49: Tn Cng V Phn Cng Cnh
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. B7.1 B7.1 5. M8.7 T3.5 6. P8.2 P2.2 7. X2.6 P8-9 8. X2.3
M7/8 9. X9.1 S4.5 10. X9-2 M8.7 11. B3.1 B7.1 12. P8-3 M7.6 13. X2.6 X1-4 14. M3.4 X4.3 15. P5-3!

en chi Pho u thy kh lm g chuyn qun tp trung tn cng cnh, th c cng thng quyt lit.
15. ... S5.4 16. X2-4 B5.1 17. B7.1 M6/8 18. B7-6 M8/6 19. B6.1 S4/5 20. B6-7 M3/2 21. M4.3 P9.4
Trng b uy hip nng n, sau khi i Xe, Trng bt u tm ng phn cng.
22. Ps-5 M2.4 23. M7.6 P2-4 24. B7-6 P9-1 25. M6.8 P1/2 26. M8.7 P4-3 27. P5-6 M4.2 28. B6-5
P3/1 29. Bt.1 T7.5 30. M3.5 S5.4 31. M5/6? M2.3!
Trng nhy M lm ngi cho mt Pho tn cng Tng v mt Pho tn cng M, en phi mt mt M
nn bung c chu thua.
Vn 50: Nhng Phn n Thuc "Qui Chiu"
1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 P8-6 3. X1-2 M8.7 4. B3.1 B3.1 5. P8.4 T3.5 6. P8-3 B9.1 7. M8.7 X1-2 8. M3.4
P6.2 9. B5.1 S6.5 10. X9.1 P2.3 11. M4/3 P6-4 12. M3.5 P2/1 13. X9-6 X9.3 14. P5-3 P4/2 15. X6.5

en chi Pho u ph Pho ri chuyn ra cnh tn cng, Trng chi Phn Cng M
chng tch cc to tnh th i cng cng thng.
15. ... M3.4 16. B7.1 M4.6 17. B7.1 P2.3 18. Ps-8? X2.7 19. X6-8 X2/4 20. P3-8 B5.1
21. P8.3 T5/3 22. B5.1
en li Tt, Xem ra u th nhng Trng c iu kin phi hp qun nh tr quyt lit,
do khng th nh gi en u tht.
22..... X9-2 23. P8-9 P4-5 24. T3.5 M6.4 25. X2.1 X2.4 26. X2-6 M4/5 27. B3.1 M5.6
28. M7.6 M7.5 29. M6/4 X2-5 30. S6.5 X5/1 31. M4.2 M5.6 32. Tg5-6 P5-4 33. Tg6-5
M6.8
en hon ton b tay chu thua. y l vn Triu Khnh Cc cm en thua H Vinh Hoa
cm Trng, chi ngy 19/7/1974.

Chng IV

Nhng khai cuc thng dng

Qua cc vn c trong chng II v chng III, chng ta thy c phn no nhng kiu khai cuc
thng dng ca bn i tin cng nh i hu. Song cc vn ny phn ln c nhng sai lm nghim trng
nn dn n kt thc tng i nhanh. Nu chng ta nghin cu k c th rt ra t nhiu bi hc rt
b ch, c bit l vn ra qun, b tr th trn.
gip cc bn mi chi, hc tp c cn bn v h thng, chng IV c dnh gii thiu nhng
kiu khai cuc thng dng hin nay. y ch l phn l thuyt nhng khng phi do mt ai t t ra
m xut pht t thc tin cc vn u gia cc cao th c tuyn chn v c kt li. Nh trn nu,
mc tiu l thuyt khai cuc hin i, i vi bn i tin vn nm quyn ch ng, phi c gng gi
quyn ch ng ny lu di, tin ln kim li Tt hoc li qun, li cht. i vi bn i hu trc ht
cn gi th cn bng, tip n li dng s h ca i phng khai thc ginh li quyn ch ng v
phn cng. Cn ch t tng ca nhng nh chi c hin i thng thin v tn cng, i cng ch
t chu phng th th ng. Cho nn, d l chi theo kiu khai cuc g, cc cao th vn ly tn cng lm
t tng ch o, dng tn cng thay cho phng th. Trong trng hp bt buc phi phng th th
chn cch phng th tch cc, lun tm c hi phn cng, tr n. Chnh v vy m kiu chi hin
i rt si ni, cng thng v y sc li cun, hp dn.
Tuy nhin, khai cuc l vn chin lc, n rt rng ln, phc tp v khng ngng pht trin theo t
duy ca thi i. Mun vn ln trnh cao cn phi i su nghin cu tng ch v tng chuyn
cuc, c bit l phi theo st bc pht trin ca lng c hin nay v trnh ca cc danh th u
n. Trong phm vi quyn sch nh ny ch gii thiu c nhng ng nt khai cuc khi qut m
thi.
I. TH TRN PHO U VI CC TH TRN I CNG
Khi bn i tin s dng th trn Pho u tn cng m bn i hu mun nh tr li ngay th thng
s dng cc th trn Thun Pho, Nghch Pho hoc Bn Nghch Pho. Chng ta ln lt xem qua
nhng kiu tn cng v i cng din ra gia Pho u vi cc th trn ny.
A. PHO U I VI THUN PHO
y l kiu chi xut hin sm nht trong lch s hnh thnh cc khai cuc. Theo cc nh nghin cu,
t th k 12, sau khi ngi ta sng to, cho mi bn hai Pho, th C Tng tr nn si ni, hp dn,
c bit l cc trn u Pho. Th nhng l thuyt c in nh gi thp kiu chi ca bn i sau, cho
rng Thun Pho khng chng ni Pho u. Ngy nay qua thc tin cc danh th khng nh Thun
Pho sc i cng, tranh honh vi Pho u. T tng chin lc ca c hai bn l tn cng, phn
cng ch khng phng ng.

S d gi Thun Pho l v khi bn i tin vo Pho u bn no th bn hu cng vo Pho u bn ,

hai Pho vo u cng chiu nhau. Chng hn bn tin i 1. P2-5 th bn hu i li bng 1...P8-5, cn
nu bn tin i 1. P8-5 th bn hu i 1... P2-5 (xem hnh). Thng mt bn ra Xe thng (trc Xa) cn
mt bn ra Xe honh (honh Xa) hay ngc li. Do , d phn bit ngi ta chia ra hai loi: Pho
u honh Xe i Thun Pho trc Xe v Pho u trc Xe i Thun Pho honh Xe. T hn ba thp

k gn y cc danh k thay i phong cch chi, vch nhiu ng hng rt mi trong th trn ca
c hai bn, do ngi ta cn phn bit kiu chi cin v kiu chi hin i. Tt c s phn bit ny
c tnh cch qui c d nghin cu m thi.
Sau y chng ta tm hiu c th cch tn cng v i cng gia Pho u v Thun Pho.

1. HONH XE I TRC XE KIU C IN

1. P2-5 P8-5 2. X1.1(a) M8.7(b) 3. X1-6 X9-8(c) 4. M2.3 S6.5(d) 5. X6.7(e) M2.1

Ch gii :
(a) Honh Xe sm chim l 6. Kiu chi mi ngi ta thng ln M2.3 trc
(b) Mc d hai bn u coi Tt u l mc tiu, nhng nu vi n Tt u th thng mt nc.
(c) Trng c th chi 3...M2.1 to th i cng nu en i 4. X6.6 P2.2 5. M2.3 S6.5 6. X6/2 B1.1 7.
B7.1 P5-4 8. M8.7 T7.5 i cng
(d) Trng c th chi 4... P2-3 5. M8.7 S6.5 6. X9-8 X8-4 7. B3.1 M2.1 8. P8-9 B1.1 9. M3.4 X8-6
(e) T thp nin 60 tr i cc danh th hay i 5. M8.7 P2-3 8. X9-8 X8.6 7. B5.1 M2.1 8. P8.5 P5.3 9.
S6.5 P3.4
(f) Trng hp Trng chi 6... P2-4 en c hai kh nng i 7. B9.1 hoc 7. S6.5 v thng en vn u
th
(g) Trng c th i li 12... Ps-4 13. S4.5 P3/2 14. P8.5 P4.1 15. P5-9 X4/1 16. P9.5 B7.1
(h) Nu Trng i 7... P2-4 8. M8.9 B1.1 9. M9.8, by gi Trng chi 9... B1.1 10. X9.4 hoc 9... X1-2
10. X8.1. C hai kh nng Trng u km phn.
(i) Nu en i 13. P8-7 M2.1 14. B7.1 P5-3 15. P7.4 P3.2 16. P7.1 B7.1 17. X8.7 X8-7, Trng c th
cng.
(j) Nu Trng chn phng n 8... B7.1 9. X9-4 hoc 8... X7-6 9. T3.1 hoc 8... P2.4 9. X9.2. C ba
trng hp en u ch ng.
(k) en c th chi 9. X6/3 P2-3 10. P8.5, en u.
(l) Cc danh th thng i li 6... X8.4 7. M8.9 B1.1 8. X6-8 P2-4 9. M9.8 B1.1 10. X9.4 P4.5 11. P5/1
P4-6 12. P5-7, en cn u.
(m) C kin cho rng en nn 7... B3.1 8. X9.1 X1-2 9. P8.2 X8.6 10. P5-8 X2-1 11. B3.1 X8-7 12.
T3.5 M1.3 13. X6-7 M3.5 14. X7/3 P4.5 15. X9-3 M5.6 16. X3/1 P4-7 17. X3.2 P5.4 18. S6.5 X7-9,
Trng u.
(n) en c th chi 9. X9.1 X8-4 10. X9-4 P4.1 11. P5-8 X2.5 12. M9.8. en u.

2. HONH XE I TRC XE KIU HIN I:

1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1.1 X9-8 4. X1-6 X8.4 5. M8.7

Ch gii :
(a) Kiu chi hin i Trng thng nhy M trong to th i cng phc tp.
(b) en cn c cc phng n quan trng khc l 6. P8.2 hoc 6. B3.1 hoc 6. X9.1 hoc 6. B7.1. Tt c
cc phng n ny u din bin phc tp cn nghin cu k.
(c) Nu chi theo kiu c Trng c th i 5... M2.1. Cn mt phng n mi phc tp l 5... B3.1 cng
c cc danh th th nghim.
(d) en cng c th chi 6. X9.1 M2.3 7. B3.1 P2-1 8. X6.5 P5-6 9. X9-4 X1-2 10. B5.1 X8-3 11. P8/1
X3.2 12. X6/4 X3-7 13. P8-5 T7.5 14. Pt.4 M3.5 15. P5.5 X2.4 16. P5/1 X7/1,
(e) en c th chi 6. P8.2 P2-7 7. P8-3 M2.3 8. X6.4, en cn ch ng. Hoc 6. B3.1 B7.1 7. X6.3
M2.3 8. B7.1 S4.5 9. P5/1 P2-5 10. T7.5 X1-2 11. P8.2 M7.6 12. X6-4 B7.1 13. X4-3 X8-7 14. P5-8 X21 15. X9-8 B3.1 16. Ps-3 Ps-7, en hi u.
(f) Trng nu i 5... S6.5 hoc 5... M2.1. Cn i S4.5 nh vy rt nguy him.

3. TRC XE I HONH XE KIU C IN

1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9.1 4. S4.5(a) X9-4(b)

Ch gii :

(a) en cng thng i 4. M8.9 ri 5. P8-7 u gi th cng. Nu en i ngay 4. X2.6 B3.1 thng
a n phng n "Thin M hnh khng" i cng rt phc tp.
(b) Trng c th i 4... B3.1 hoc 4... M2.3 hoc cng c thi 4... X9-6 i cng c nhiu nc bin
cng thng.
(c) Nu Trng chi 5... M2.1 hoc 5... X4.7 cng khng c g ha hn.
(d) Trng hp en i 6. B7.1 X4.4 7. X2-3 P5/1 8. X3/2 X4/1 9. M8.7 P5-7 10. X3-6 X4-8 11. B5.1
T3.5, hai bn i cng.
(e) Trng cng thng chi 5... M2.3 6. X2.4 B3.1 7. B7.1 X4.3 8. P5-7 X4.2 9. P8.4 M3.4, hai bn i
cng, en cn ch ng
(f) Trng c th chi 6... X4.5 7. P5-4 X4-3 8. T7.5 M2.1 9. P8/1 P5-3! 10. P8-7 X3-2 11. M7.6 B3.1 12.
P4.1 X2/2, en hi u.

4. TRC XE I HONH XE KIU HIN I

1. P2-5 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9.1 4. M8.7 X9-4 5. B3.1

Ch gii :
(a) en cn c cc phng n quan trng thng c cc danh th s dng l 6. X2.6
hoc 6. S6.5 hoc 6. P5-4 thng vn u th.
(b) Trng hp Trng i 6... X4.4 7. M4.5, cn nh 6... X4.7 7. P8.4 hoc nu 6... S4.5 7.
B7.1. C ba trng hp trn Trng u km phn.
(c) Nu Trng i 6... X1.1 l phng n song honh Xe cn nu nh 6... P2-1 7. X9-8
X1-2 8. P8.4 X4.6 9. X8.2 X4/3 10. X2.8 B7.1 11. X2-3 M3/5 12. P8.1 T7.9 13. P8-3
X2.7 14. P3-9, en u.
(d) en c th tn cng bng 7. M3.4 X4-3 8. M7/5 B3.1 9. M5.3 B3.1 10. X2.8 P2.4 11.
X2-3 P5.4 12. S4.5 M3/5 13. M4.6, en u.
e) Trng c th chi 6... P5/1 7. X2-7 T7.5 8. X7.1 X4.1 9. M7/5 M2.1 10. X7/2 P2-3 11.
X7-8 M1.3

12. X8.2 M3.5 13. M3.4, en hi u.

(f) Trng cng thng chi 5... X4.4 6. P5-4 P2-3 7. T7.5 X4-2 8. X9-8 M2.1 9. B7.1
X2/1 10. M3.4 B7.1 11. B3.1 X2-7 12. X2.6, en u.

B. PHO U I VI NGHCH PHO

Th trn Nghch Pho cng xut hin cng thi vi Thun Pho nhng khng c hm
m bng v tnh cht i cng ca n qu nguy him, to bo. T tng chin lc ca
hai bn cng ging nh trn l tn cng v phn cng.
Gi Nghch Pho l v khi bn tin vo Pho u cnh bn ny th bn hu vo Pho
u cnh bn kia (xem hnh).

d phn bit, ngi ta chia Nghch Pho ra lm hai loi:

Trn i lit l khi mt M nhy vo trong v mt M nhy ra bin, cn Trn tiu lit
l c hai M u nhy vo trong. Cch phn loi ny cn xem li, v y l nhng phng
n c th nn t tn li cho ph hp hn.

1. TRC XE VI PHNG N XE TUN H

1. P2-5 P2-5 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. X1-2(a) X9-8 4. M8.9 M2.3 5. X9-8 X1-2

Ch gii :
(a) Trng hp en chi 3. P5.4 S4.5 4. P8-5 M2.3 5. Pt-1 X9-8 6. M8.7 X1-2, Trng
ch ng hn. Cn nu en chi 3. M8.7 M2.3 4. X9-8 X9.1 5. B7.1 X9-4 6. X1-2 P8-7
7. X2.4. By gi Trng chi 7... X1-2 8. P8.4 hoc 7... B7.1 8. M7.6, hoc 7... X4.5 8.
M7.6. C ba trng hp en u u th.
(b) Nu Trng chi 9... M9.8 10. M8.6 hoc nu 9... X8.1 10. X8.1, c hai trng hp
ny en u u th.
(c) Trng cn hai kh nng khc l: 10... S6.5 11. M6.7 P7-3 12. P8.7 en u, hoc: 10...
X8.4 11. M6.7 P7-3 12. P5.4 S6.5 13. P8.7 X6-4 14. X8.4 en hi u.
(d) Nu Trng chi 11... X3.1 12. P6.6 X3-7 13. P6-4 T3.1 14. S6.5 P7/1 15. X8.8 P5/1
16. Tg5-6, en u ln.

(e) Nu Trng i Xe 7... X2.5 8. M9/8 by gi nu Trng i 8...P8.4 9. B3.1 P8-3 10.
X2.9 P3.3 11. S6.5 M9/8 12. P7.5 P3/7 13. P5.4, en u ln. Cn nu Trng i 8...B9.1
9. B7.1 P8-7 10. X2.9 M9/8 11. P7.4 T3.1 12. M8.7 P7.4 13. M7.6, en u.
(f) Trng cn hai kh nng khc l:
a) Nu nh 8... B3.1 9. B7.1 S4.5 10. P7.3 B9.1 11. X2.6 P8/1 12. X8/2 T3.1 13. M9.8
X6.3 14. M8.7, en u.
b) Nu nh 8...P5-6 9. X8.8 P5-6 10. M9.8 B3.1 11. M8.9 M3.1 12. X8/2 B9.1 13. X8-9
M9.8 14. X9-5 P6-5 15. X5/1, en u.

2. TRC XE VI CC PHNG N KHC

1. P2-5 P2-5 2. M2.3 M2.3(a)

Ch gii :
(a) Trng cn hai phng n khc, thng c cc danh th s dng:
*Mt l:
2...M8.7 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 P8-9 5. X2-3 X8.2 6. P8.2 (nh 6... M2.3 7. M8.7 X1-2 8.
P8-7 X2.2 9. X9-8 X2.7 10. M7/8 M3/1 11. P7-3 B3.1 12. P3.3 P9-7 13. P5.4 S4.5 14.
T3.5, en u) 7. P8-3 P9-7 8. X3-4 M7.8 9. P3.5 S6.5 10. X4.2 P7.6 11. P3/7 P5.4 12.
S6.5 M2.3 13. M8.7 P5-9 14. X9-8 X1-2 15. X8.9 M3/2 16. B3.1, en u.
*Hai l:

2... M8.9 3. M8.7 M2.3 4. X9-8 X9.1 5. B7.1 X9-4 6. X1-2 P8-7 7. X2.4. By gi nu
Trng i 7... X1-2 8. P8.4; hoc 7...B7.1 8. M7.6; hay l 7...X4.5 8. M7.6. C ba trng
hp en u u.
(b) Trng honh Xe chim l 4 hoc 6 khng ch ng M ca Trng, cn nu
4...X1-2 5. P8.4 S4.5 6. B3.1 X9-8 7.X1-2 B9.1 8. B7.1, en u th.
(c) Vn Dng Quang Ln - Trn Tng Thun i: 14...B9.1 15.X2-1 S6/5 16. B7.1 X6.3
17. B7.1 P7-3 18. M7.6 X6-3 19. B3.1 M3/1 20. X1-3 en u, sau khi i qun en
thng c tn.
(d) Trng cn hai kh nng khc:
*Mt l
6...B3.1 7. X2.5 P8-9 8. X2-7 P5/1 9. P8-7 T3.5 l0. X8.9 T5.3 11. X8/2, Trng u.
*Hai l
6...S4.5 7. B3.1 B3.1 8. P8-3 X2.9 9. M7/8 M3.4 10. M8.7 M4.3 11. X2.5, en u.
(e) Nu nh 5. P8.6? P5/1! 6. P8/4 P5.5 7. M3.5 X1-8 8. M5/4. By gi Trng c hai
cch gii quyt:
*Mt l
8...T7.5 9. M4.3 X8.4 10.P8-7 M8.7 ll. P7.3 P7/5 12. P7.1 X8-2, Trng u.
*Hai l
8...S6.5 9. M4.3 X8.4 10. P8-7 M8.7 11. P7.3 B7.1. Trng u.
(f) Nu Trng i 6...P7.4 7. P5.4 S6.5 8. T3.5 M8.7 9. P5-9 X9-8 l0. B9.1 X8.4 11. B9.1
B3.1 12. X9.4 M7.5 13. M8.9 B3.1 14. X9-7 X8-1 15. P9-3, en hi u.
(g) Trng hp en chi 6. B7.1 X9.1 7. X2.4 P7.4 8. P8-7 X2.9 9. M9/8 T3.1 10. T3.1
X9-2 l1. M8.9 B1.1 12. X2-6 S6.5 13. X6.2 P5-6 14. B5.1 X2.3 15. X6-7 T7.5, cn bng
(h) Trng cn hai kh nng khc:
Mt l
7... B3.1 8. P8-7 X2.9 9. M9/8 T3.1 10. M8.9 B7.1 11. X2.4 X9.1 12. M9.8 X9-4, cn
bng.
Hai l
7... X9.1 8. P8-5 S6.5 9. X8.9 M3/2 10. X2.7 X9-7 11. M9.8, en u.

C. PHO U I VI BN NGHCH PHO

Do kiu chi Nghch Pho qu nguy him nn cc danh th sng to ra kiu chi mi
phc tp hn nhng t nguy him hn. Tinh thn vn l tn cng v phn cng nhng bn
i sau c tnh to bt ng sau 2 - 3 nc i ban u, ging nh phng th Bnh Phong M
nhng ri chuyn sang Nghch Pho. iu ny khin nhng tay c i tin thiu kinh
nghim d lng tng. Xem hnh.

Kiu chi ny hin ang pht trin v bin ha rt phong ph, lai to nhng kiu chi
hin i nn kh lng ht tnh cht phc tp ca n. Tt nhin i ph vi kiu chi
ny, bn i tin cng phi linh hot, chuyn i nhiu phng n tn cng thch ng vi
cc kiu bin ha ca i phng.
Phn sau xin gii thiu mt s kiu chi "Na ng chuyn thnh Nghch Pho" hin
ang c cc danh th s dng.

1. SAU HAI NC VO NGHCH PHO

1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 P2-5

Ch gii :
(a) Nu en i Xe th mt quyn ch ng : 5. X2.3 M7/8 5. X9.1 M2.3 7. X9-2 X1-2 8.
M8.7 M8.7 9. X2.5 P5-4 10. B7.l T3.5 11. P8-9 X2.4 12. X2/2 S4.5 13. X2-5 B7.1 14.
B5.l M7.6 15. X6/1 P4/2, Trng u.
(b) en cn c cc phng n quan trng khc l: 6. M8.7; hoc 6. M8.9; hoc 6. P8.2;
hoc 6. P8-6. Tt c u a n tnh hung i cng phc tp.
(c) Trng c th chi 7... P9/1 8. P8-3 P9-7 9. X3-4 M7.8 10. P3.5 S6.5 l1. X4.2 P7.1,
tnh th cn phc tp. Trng cng c th 7...B3.1 8. P8-3 X1-2 9. M8.9 M3.4 10. X9-4
X2.5 11. X4.7 X2-5, cn phc tp.
(d) Trng cn c cc phng n 4... X1-2 hoc 4... M2.3; hoc 4...P8.4, tt c u a
n tnh th i cng cng thng.

(e) Nu nh en i 6. P8-9 X1-4 7. B7.1 X4.3 8. X8.8 B7.1 9. X2.8 M7.8 10. X8-4 S4.5
11. X2/2 P5-5 12. B5.1, en vn cn ch ng.
(f) en cn c cc phng n khc l: 5. P8-6 B3.1 6. P6.5; hoc 5. P8.2 B7.1 6. X2.4
P8-9 7. X2.5; hoc 5. X9-8 X1-2 6. X2.4 P8-9 7. X2-5, cc phng n ny u i cng.
(g) Nu Trng i 7...P8.4 8. B7.1 B7.1 9. P6.2 P5/1 10. P5-6 X4-6 11. T7.5 P8/2 12. X8.8
P5.8 13. P6-2 Pt.5 14. P2.5 M3/5 15. P6.6 M5.8 16. P6/2 S4.5, tnh th cn phc tp
2. SAU BA NC VO NGHCH PHO
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8

Ch gii :
(a) y l phng n phi Pho phong Xe c cc danh th s dng thnh hnh hi thp
nin 60.
(b) en cng thng chi 4. M8.7 P2-5 5. B7.1 B7.1 6. X9.l M2.3. n y en c th
chi 7. X1-2 hoc 7. S6.5 u i cng phc tp.
(c) en cn cc phng n khc l 5. M8.7 hoc l 5. M3.4 hoc 5. X9.1 tt c u din
bin phc tp.
(d) Trng sm bnh Pho bin, hnh thnh kiu phng th "Tam b h"; nu nc sau
en khng vo Nghch Pho m i M2.3 cng sc chng li Pho u.

(e) Trng c th chm vo Nghch Pho bng cch i:

*Mt l
4... X8.5 5. T7.9 P2-5 6. B3.1 X8-7 7. X1.2 X1.1 (nh 7...M2.3 8. P8/1 X7/1 9. P7-3,
en u) 8. P8/1 X7/1 9. P8-3 X7-8 10. S6.5 X1-6 11. X9-6, cn bng.
*Hai l
4...B7.1 5. X1.1 X8.5 6. B5.1 P2-5 7. X1-4 M2.3. By gi en c th 8. X4.5, hoc 8.
M7.5 hoc 8. X9-8 v 8. P8.2, tt c u din bin phc tp.
(f) en cng thng chi 5. B3.1 hoc 5. M7.6 v Trng p li bng cc phng n 5...
X8.4 hoc 5... X1.1 hoc 5...M2.3, i cng.
(g) en c th i sm 6. X1.1 X1-2, by gi en i X1-4 hoc X1-6 hoc 7. P8.4 u c
th cng.
(h) en cn nhiu nc khc nh 7. P8-9 hoc 7. M3.4 hoc 7. M7.6 hoc 7. M7.8 hoc
7. P8.1 hoc 7. S4.5 hay 7. S6.5 u i cng cng thng.
(i) Trng c th chi 7...B3.1 8. M4.3 X8.8 9. B3.1 P9.4 10. P8.1 P5/1 11. B7.1 P9-5 12.
M7.5 P5.5 13. S6.5 X1-2 14. B7.1 X2.4 15. B7.1 M3/5 16. X1-3 P5/1 17. X3.3 X8-3 18.
T7.9 X3/3 19. X86, cn bng.
(j) en nn chi 5. X9-8 M2.3 6. P8-7 X8.6 7. X1-2 X8-7 8.X8.6 B5.1 9. X2.2 M7.5 10.
P7/1 B5.1 11. P7-3 X7-5 12. P3-5, en ch ng.
(k) en nn chi 5. X9-8 M2.3 6. P8-7 X8.6 7. X1-2 X8-7 8. X8.6 C5.1 9. X2.2 M7.5 10.
P7/1 C5.1 11. P7-3 X7-6 12. P3-5 en ch ng

II. TH TRN PHO U VI CC TH TRN PHNG

NG
i ph vi Pho u ca bn tin, bn i hu c nhiu th trn phng ng, nh Bnh
Phong M, Phn Cng M, n M, Xuyn Cung M, Tam B H v Uyn ng
Pho. Chng ta ln lt xem qua cc th trn ny.

A. PHO U I VI BNH PHONG M

Theo cc nh nghin cu th th trn ny xut hin kh sm sau cc th trn u Pho. C
th t th k 14 ngi ta bit kiu chi ny, nhng phi t th k 16, 17 tr i n mi
thc s thnh hnh. S d gi l Bnh Phong M v bn i hu nhy c hai M vo trong
bo v Tt u, hnh dng nh mt bc bnh phong che chn trung l rt vng. Th
nhng n khng phng th th ng m rt tch cc tr n (xem hnh). d phn bit
ngi ta chia Bnh Phong M ra hai loi: c in v hin i, cn c vo vic tin Tt 3
hay Tt 7 vi t tng chin lc khc nhau.

1. PHO U I BNH PHONG M C IN

1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 M2.3 3. X1-2 X9-8

Ch gii :
(a) Trc kia en thng chi 4. X2.4 M2.3 5. B7.1 B3.1 5. X2-7 B7.1 7. M8.7 (nh 7.
B5.1 P2/1 8. B5.1 en cng ch ng) 7...M3.4 8. B3.1 T3.5 9. B3.1 en u.
(b) Nu chi tch cc hn, Trng nn chi 5...P8-9 hoc 5...M3.4 hoc 5...P2.1, tt c cc
phng n ny u i cng phc tp.
(c) Nu Trng chi 8...X1-4 hoc 8. B7.1 u d b en uy hip. Chng hn: 8... X1-4 9.
X6.8 S5/4 10. B9.1 P8/1 11. B3.1 P8-5 12. X2.3 M7/8 13. M3.4 B7.1 14. B3.1 T5.7 15.
P5.4 P2-5 16. P7-5, en u.

(d) Sau ny ngi ta thng i 5...T7.5 phng th tch cc hn. Cn nu Trng i 5. S4.5
6. P8.4 M3.2 7. X9.1 T3.5 8. X9-6 cng dn v tnh th tng t v en u.
(e) Cc phng n khc nh 8... M3.4 hoc 5. B7.1 u khng ha hn g tnh hnh sng
sa hn.
(f) en nn i 6. X9.1 S4.5 7. X9-6 T3.5 8. B3.1 P2.4 9. X6.5 X1-4 10. X6-7 X4.2 11.
B5.1 B5.1 12. B7.1 B5.1 13. M7.8 P2-7, hai bn i cng.
(g) Nu nh 7. B5.1 M3.5 8. M7.5 P8-5 9. P5.4 M7.5 10. X2.9 P5/1 11. Tg.1 P2-5 12.
Tg-4 M5.6 13. X2/7 X1-2 14. X9.2 X2.3, Trng u.

2. PHO U I BNH PHONG M HIN I

(H thng M nhy ln h v ln Xe gi M)
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 B7.1 3. X1-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 M2.3

Ch gii :
(a) Cc danh th cng thng ln Tng tri: 6. T7.5 by gi en c hai kh nng:
-Mt l
7. X9.1 B7.1 8. X2/1 M6/7 9. X2.1 M7.6 10. X2-4 M5.7 11. X9-2 X1.l 12. P5.4 M3.5 13.
X4-5 P8.2 14. T7.5 X1-7, i cng.
-Hai l
7. B5.1 B7.1 8. X2-4 M6.7 9. B5.1 S4.5 10. M3.5 P8.5 11. X4/4 M7.8 12. X4-3 B7.1 13.
X3/1 P8-3 14. X9.1 en u.
(b) Trng c th i 7... S4.5 8. X9-6 P2.2 9. B5.1 B7.1 10. X2-4 M6.7 11. M3.5 P2-7 12.
X6.4 M4/2 13. T7.5 X1-2 14. X6-3 X2.7 15. X3-2, en u.
(c) Ngoi nc "cao Pho" ny en cng thng chn cc phng n khc nh 7. P8-9
hoc 7. B5.1 to th i cng si ni.

(d) Trng hp en chi 10. B3.1 P2-7 11. M3.4 P8.5 12. X4/1 X8.7 13. M4.6 X8-7 14.
M7/5 P7.5 15. M5/3 X7.2 16. X4-2 P8-6, hai bn i cng cng thng.
(e) Ln Xe gi M l mt h thng trc kia cc danh thu thng s dng nhng t my
thp nin gn y cc danh th thch chi P9/1 to th i cng si ni hn. Xem phn
di.
(f) Trng cn hai kh nng khc l 8...P2.4 9. B5.1 P2-3 10. T7.9 X1-2, hai bn i cng,
en cn ch ng. Hoc 8...P2/1 9. X9-6 P2-7 10. X3-4 M7.8 l1. X4.2 P7.5 12. T3.1,
en u.
(g) Trng c th chi 8... S4.5 9. P8-9 P2.4 10. M6.4 X1-4 11. X9-8 P2-4 12. X8.7 X4.4
13. X8-7 X4-6 14. P5.4 M7.5, cn bng. Trng hp Trng chi 8...P2/1 9. P8.4 P2-4 10.
X9-8 X1.1 11. M6.5 M7.5 12. P5.4 P4-5 13. P5.2 S4.5 14. X3-7, en hi u.

3. PHO U I BNH PHONG M HIN I

(H thng bnh Pho i Xe, thoi Pho hm bt Xe)
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 B7.1 4. X2.6 M2.3 5. B7.1 P8-9 6. X2-3(a) P9/1

Ch gii :
(a) Nu en i Xe th th trn cn bng, Trng d i ph. C thi k cc danh th cng
thng chi i Xe nhng khng th v hp dn nn sau ny ngi ta thng bnh Xe
M
(b) Trng cng thng chi 7...X1.1 8. P8-9 X1-6 9. M7.6 P9-7 10. M6.5 M7.5 11. X9-8
S6.5 12. P5.4 M3.5 13. X3-5 X8.2, i cng
(c) Trng c th chi 9... X8.5 hoc 9... M7.8 to th i cng cng thng.
(d) Nu nh 10... P2.4 11. B5.1 X1-4 12. M6.7 P2-3 13. X4.2 P3/3 14. P7.4 P7-8 15. X98, en cn ch ng.
(e) Trng c th chi l0... T7.5 11. X9-8 X1-2 12. X4/3 P2.2 13. P9-8 X8.8 14. S6.5 X86, Trng hi u hn.
(f) en cng thng chi 8. P8-7 P9-7 9. X3-4 M7.8 10. X4/3 X8.2 11. M8.9 M8.7 12.
B7.1 B3.1 13. X9-8 X8-6 14. X8.3 M3.2, th cn phc tp
(g) Nu nh 10. M3.5 B5.1 11. P5.3 B7.1 12. P8-4 M3.5 13. M8.7 B7.1 14. T3.l X8.4,
hai bn i cng.
(h) Nu Trng i 8...M3/5 9. B3.1 X8.1 10. P8.4 P9-7 11. P8-5 M5.3 12. B5.1 P7.2 13.
B5-4 X8-5 14. Pt/1, en u.
(i) Nu Trng chi 10...B7.1 11. X9-8 X1-2 12. X4.2 P2/1 13. X8.8 X2.1 14. X4-3 M7.6
15. B3.1, en u.

B. PHO U I VI N M
Cng tng t nh trn Bnh Phong M, trn n M xut hin kh sm, ngay sau cc trn Thun
Pho v Nghch Pho. Quyn Thch tnh nh th ca T Chi xut bn nm 1570 c ng mt s vn chi
theo th trn ny. T ngi ta d on n cng phi xut hin trc y rt lu, t ra t th k 14.
Xem kiu b trn hnh bn.

Gii thch tn "con M n " tc l con M mt v, c hai kin khc nhau. Mt s cho l con M
nhy ln bin ch th l con M n , mt s khc li cho l con M nhy vo trong gi Tt u mi
l M n . a s lng c ta hiu theo cch gii thch th nht. d phn bit, ngi ta cn c vo
con M nhy ln bin cnh mt hay cnh tri chia thnh: Hu n hoc T n gi nm na l
n cnh mt hay n cnh tri.
y l mt kiu chi mang tnh cch phng th th ng. Ti liu c ch dn kh n gin nn phn ln
khng c kh nng chng Pho u. Cc danh k th k 20 sng to, sa i nhiu nc i mi
lm cho n c nhiu kh nng chng v phn cng mnh hn, c bit l s ng gp ca danh k
Chung Trn vo nhng nm 30 vi kiu chi n M chm ln Tng, sm honh Xe to th i
cng si ni. Lng c sm hc tp kiu chi ny v gi l trn "Thit n ". Sau y chng ta
xem qua mt s kiu chi n M c cc tay c th nghim trong nhiu cuc thi u.

1. PHO U I N M TRC XE
1. P2-5 M2.3(a) 2. M2.3 M8.9 3. X1-2 X9-8(b)

Ch gii :
(a) Nhy M nh vy hnh thnh n M cnh tri, chng i phng X1-2 tch cc. Ngc
li chi n M cnh mt thng yu hn Chng hn: l...M8.7 2. M2.3 X9-8 3. X1-2 M2.1 4. M8.7.
n y Trng c ba cch u km phn:
-Mt l
4...B7.1 5. X2.5 T7.5 6. B5.1 S6.5 7. M7.5 P8-9 8. X2.3 M7/8 9. B5.1 B5.1 10. X9.1, en u.
-Hai l
4...B3.1 5. X2.6 P2-3 5. P8.5 T7.5 7. B5.1 X1-2 8. X8-9 B3.1 9. M7.5 B3.1 10. B5.1 B5.1 11. M5.7,
en u.
-Ba l
4...P8.4 5. B3.1 X1.1 6. M3.4 X1-6 7. M4.5 T3.5 8. B9.1 X6.3 9. M5/6 X6-4 10. B7.1, en u.
Ngoi ra nu Trng i 4...P2-4 5. P8.4 hoc 4...X1.1 5. P8-9 c hai cch ny en cng chim u
(b) Nu Trng chi 3...P8-6 en c hai cch tn cng:
Mt l

4. B5.1 P6-5 (nh T3.5 5. B5.1 B5.1 5. X2.5 S4.5 7. X2-5 X1-4 8. M8.7, en u) 5. M8.7 P5.3 6. M3.5
B5.1 7. X2.5 P5.2 8 P8-5, en u.
Hai l
4. B7.1 X9.1 5. P8-7 T3.5 6. X2.7 S4.5 7. M8.9 B7.1 8. X9-8 P2-1 9. X2/1, by gi Trng i 9...X9-7
hoc 9...B1.1 hoc 9...P1.4 hay l 9...X1-4, tt c bn cch u km phn.
(c) Trng cn ba kh nng khc:
-Mt l:
6...P2.2 7. B3.1 B9.1 (nh X1-4 8. X9-8 B3.1 9. B7.1 T5.3 10. M3.4, en u) 8. X2.6 X1-4 9. X9-8 P26 10. X8.7 B3.1 11. B7.1 M3.4 12. X8/4 P6-3 13. M7.6 M4/3 14. M6.5, by gi Trng i 14...X4.3 hoc
14...P8-6 hay 14...M3.5, km phn.
-Hai l:
6...X1-2 7. X9-8 P2.4 8. B3.1 P2-3 9. X8.9 M3/2 10. X2.5 M2.3 11. M3.4 P8-6 12. X2.4 M9/8 13. S6.5,
en cn ch ng.
-Ba l:
6...X1-4 7. X9-8 P2-1 8. X8.7 Pl/2 9. P9.4 X4.4 10. P9-5 M3.5 11. X8.2 X4/4 12. X8-6 Tg-4 13. P5.4,
en u.
(d) Nu Trng i 7...X1-4 8. X9-8, by gi nu Trng i 8...X4.5 9. M3.4, hoc nu 8...P8.4 9. M3.4 hay
l 8...P2-3 9. X2.4. c ba cch din bin en u u.
(e) Trng nn chi 7...X1-4 8. X9-8 X4.5 9. X8.3 X4-3 10. P9.4 M3.1 11. X8.6 S5/4 12. P5.4 T5/3 l3.
P5-9, en u mt cht.
(f) en khng s 10...M3.5 v 11. P9.4 s n li M Trng.
(g) Trng cng khng thay i c tnh th nu 6...S4.5 7. P8-9 X1-4 8. X9-8 B3.1 9. B7.1 T5.3 10.
M3.4 T3/5 11. M4.5, en u.
(h) en cng c th 15. B5.1 X4/4 16. M7.5 Pt-1 17. T7.9, en u.
(i) Nu en vi 5. B5.1 S4.5 6. B5.1 B5.1 7. M7.5 X1-4 8. P5.3 P8.4 9. P8-9 P2.4 10. B7.1 X8.4 11.
M5.3 X8-6 12. X9-8 X6.1, Trng u.
(j) Trng nn 5...P2.2 6. B7.1 B9.1, Trng to c th cn bng.

2. PHO U I N M HONH XE (Tc Thit n )

1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 X9.1 3. X1-2 M8.9(a)

Ch gii :
(a) Trng thng chi: 3...X9-4 4. P8.2 B3.1 5. P8-3 T7.9. n y en c cc phng
n:
Mt l:
6. X2.5 X4.3 7. X2-6 M3.4 8. P5.4? M4.6 9. P5/2 P8.3, Trng u.
Hai l:
6. M8.7 M8.6 7. X9-8 X1-2 8. X8.6 M3.4 9. P5.4 M6.5 10. X8-5 P8-5 11. P3-5 S4.5 12.
P5.3 M4/5 13. X5.1 X4.6 14. X5/3 X4-3 15. M3/5 X3/1, Trng u.
Ba l:
6. X9.1 B7.1 7. P3-5 S4.5 8. X9-4 X4.4 9. X4.4 M8.7 10. X4.1 P8/2 11. P5-1 T9/7 12.
B5.1 X4-5 l3. M8.7 M3.4 14. X4-3 T7.5 15. M3.5 X5.l 15. M7.5 M4.5, cn phc tp.

(b) en cn hai phng n khc:

-Mt l
6. M7.5 P2.4 7. B5.1 P2-5 8. M3.5 X4.5 9. M5.4 P5.2 10. S4.5 X1-2 11. P8-7 X2.5,
Trng u.
-Hai l
6. B5.1 B5.1 7. M7.5 X4.5 8. P5.3 S4.5 9. S4.5 B3.1 10. P8-5 P2.5 11. X9-8 X1-2 12.
P5/1 P2-7, Trng u.
(c) en c th chi 5. X2.7 X9-3 6. X2/2 X3-4 7. B7.1 X4.5 8. P8.4 S4.5 9. P8-5 M3.5
10. P5.4 P2-5 11. S6.5 X4/3 12. P5/2 P5.1 13. X9-8 T3.5, cn
bng.
(d) Nu nh 10. M5.4 X1-4 11. S4.5 Xt.3 12. M4.5 Xt-5 13. M5.7 X4.1 14. X9-8 P2/4
15. X2.7 P6-5, Trng hn qun, u th.
(e) en cn ha phng n khc:
-Mt l:
5. P8-3 P8-7 6. X2.7 X9-7 7. B5.1 (nh 7. M8.7 B7.1 8. P3.3 P2-7 9. B5.1 P7-5 10. M7.5
X7-4, Trng ch ng) 7...B7.1 8. P3.3 P2-7 9. B5.1 P7-5 10. B5-4 M3.4 11. M8.7 X1.1
12. P5.5 T3.5 13. M3.5 M4.5, cn bng.
-Hai l :
5. X2.5, by gi nu Trng i 5...P8-7 6. X2-7 T3.5 7. X7.1 P2/1 8. P8-3 P2-3 9. X7-8
M3.2, cn bng.
Nu Trng i 5... B7.1 6. X2-3 T3.5 7. X3.2 M3/5 8. X3/1 M5.3 9. P5.4 M3.5 10. X3-5
X9-4, cn bng. Cn nh trng i 5...X9-4 6. X2-7 T7.5 7. X7-2
M3.4 8. P8-1 M4.6 9. X2-4 M6.7, cn bng.
(f) Nu en i 6. B5.1 T3.5 7. X2.7 P6.5 8. M7/5 P6/3 9. B5.1 B5.1 l0. M3.5 B5.l l1.
P5.2 P6-5 12. Mt.3 P5/1 13. P5/2 X9-4 l4. M5.3 B7.1 15. Mt.5 S4.5 l6. P5.4 X4.3, Trng
u.
(g) Nu en chi 4. P5.4 M3.5 5. P8-5 P8-5 6. P5.4 S4.5. By gi nu en i 7. X2.4
X9-6 8. X2-6 X6.2, cn bng.
Cn nh 7. M8.7 P2.1 8. P5/2 B3.1, Trng sc chng . Hoc nu 7. M8.9 X9-6 8.
X9-8 X6.2 9. P5/2 P2-1, cn bng.
(h) Trng c th chi 4...X9-6 5. P8.2 B3.1 6. P8-3 P8-7, by gi nu en i 7. X2.7
X6.1, cn bng. Cn nu 7. X2.5 P7.3 8. B3.1 T3.5 9. X9-8 P2.2 10. X2.3 X6.6 11. M3.2
X6-8, i cng phc tp.

3. PHO U I THIT N
1. P2-5 M2.3 2.M2.3(a)

Ch gii :
(a) Gn y cc danh th th nghim chi 2. X1.1 X9.1 3. X1-6 X1.1 4. M8.7 T3.5 5.
M2.3 M8.9 6. B5.1 X9-4 7. X9.1 S4.5 8. B5.1 B5.1 9. M7.5 P2/2 10. P5.3 P2-4, cn
bng.
(b) Trng c ba phng n khc:
-Mt l
4...P8-5 5. P8-7 T3.1 6. M8.9 P2.4 7. B3.1 X9-4 8. X9-8 Xl-2, Trng c th phn cng.
- Hai l

4...X9-4 5. B7.l B3.l 6. P8-7 X4.1 7. P5.4 B3.1 8. X2.4 B3-4 (c th B3.l 9. P7-5 M3.2
10. M8.9 B3-4 i cng) 9. P7-5 M3.2 10. M8.7 B4.1 l1. S4.5 B9.1 12. B5.1 Tg.1 13.
B5.l Tg-4 14. X2-7 S4.5 15. X7.1 P8.2, Trng chng c Pho huyn khng.
- Ba l
4...X9-6 5. M8.7 X6.4 6. B5.1 P8-5 7. M7.5 P2/1 8. P8-7 P2.5 9. B3.1 X6/3 10. X2.3 Pt.3
11. P5.2 P5.4 12. S6.5 X1-2 13. T7.5 X2.6 14. X9-6 X2-3 15. X6.4 B5.l, hai bn i
cng.
(c) Nu en chi 5. X2.7 X9-4 6. B7.1 B3.1 7. P8-7 M3.4! Trng phn cng.
Cn nh 5. X2.4 X1.l, d cn bng, hoc nu 5. M8.7 X9-4 6. P8-9 X4.5 7. X9-8 P2-1 8.
X2.7 X4-3 9. X8.2 Xl-2, Trng c th phn cng.
(d) en nn chi 6. M8.9 X9-4 7. X9-8 P2-l 8. X2.7. By gi nu Trng chi 8...S4.5 9.
X2-3 M3/4 l0. X8.7 X4-2 11. X8-9 X1.2 12. P5.4 M4.3 13. P5-l B7.1 l4. P7-5 M3/4 15.
M9.7, en c th cng.
(e) Nu en chi 6. P8-5 M3.5 7. P5.4 S6.5 8. B5.1 X1-3 9. M8.7 B3.1 10. M7.5 X9-6
11. X9-8 X6.3 12. T7.5 B9.1, Trng ginh th cn bng.
(f) Nu en i li 9. X2.5 B5.1 10. X2/1 X4.4 11. M3.5 S4.5 12. X2-5 X4-5 13. P5.2
X1-4, Trng ch ng hn.
(g) Nu Trng i 10...X6/1 11. M7.6 P2-7 12. X8.9 M3/2 13. P5.4 T3.5 14. M6.7 M2.3
15. P5-1 P7-1 16. P6-5, en nhiu Tt chim u.

C. PHO U I VI XUYN CUNG M

Xuyn Cung M l mt kiu chi bin dng ca Bnh Phong M hoc n M.
c trng ch yu ca n l c mt M nhy ln ch nch Tng, M2.4 hoc M8.6 sau
khi gc Tng u. Do c trng ny m mt s ngi xp n vo loi khai cuc
Tng. V s d gi n l Xuyn Cung M v chnh con M "nhy nm" thng qua cung
sang ch tai S bn kia. Do ngi ta cn gi n l "Chuyn Gic M", "Trin Cung
M" hay l "Qui Cc M". Trong dn gian thng n gin gi l trn Nhy M qu,
v n khi c khng "xuyn cung" hay "chuyn gic" g c.
Kiu chi ny xut hin cng thi vi cc kiu trn nhng v n phng th thng nn
khng c hm m. Trong quyn Qut trung b c nu trn ny nhng khng nghin
cu su, cn Mai hoa ph th gii thiu ba vn Xuyn Cung M i tin u b Pho u i
hu ph.
Cc danh th th k 20 cng khng i su nghin cu, thnh thong c ngi s dng
nhng sa i n chng tch cc hn. Sau y chng ta xem qua mt s vn phng
th "Nhy M qu" c gom t ti liu xa v nay d so snh, i chiu.

Ch gii :
(a) Trng hp o ngc li, bn "Chuyn Gic M" i trc, Mai hoa ph ch bn
Pho u nh tr nh sau: 1. T3.5 P8-5 2. M2.4 M8.7 3. M4.6 X9-8 4. P2-3 P5.4, by
gi nu en i:
*Mt l:

5. S4.5 P5-4 6. X1-4 P2.2 7. X4.3 P2-1 8. P8-9 P1-5 9. M8.7 X8.9 10. X4/3 X8-6 11. Tg4 X1.1 l2. X9-8 X1-6 13. P3-4 X6-8 14. Tg-5 X8.8 15. P4/2 S6.5 l6. X8.4 P4-9, Trng
thng r.
*Hai l:
5. S6.5 P5-4 6. P8.1 P4-2 7. M6.8 B5.1 8. B7.1 B5.1 9. B7.1 X8.4 10. M8/6 B5-4 11.
B7.1 B4.1 12. M6.8 X8-2 13. M8.6 P2.7 l4. T7.9 X2.4 l5. P3/1 X2-5 16. S4.5 P2-9,
Trng thng r.
(b) Quyn Qut trung b nu trng hp en i:
3. X1.1 M8.9 4. X1-4 X9-8 5. X4.7 M4.6? 6. P5.4 S4.5 7. P8-4 Tg-4 (nh 7. M6.7 8.
P4.7 Trng cht mt Xe) 8. X9.2 P8.1 9. X9-6 P2-4 10. X6.5! S5.4 11. X4-6! Tg.1 12.
P4-6 S4/5 13. P5-6, 1-0.
(c) Cn phi nhy M bo v Tt u, ch tr trng hp chi Thun Pho hoc Nghch
Pho th mi d cho i phng bt Tt u s chm tr trin khai.
(d) y l vn H Thun An - T Thin Li chi ngy 4-7-58.
Vn c tip din
17. S4.5 X4.3 18. P5-1 P7-9 19. X4-6 M3.4 20. P1-2 M8.6 21. X2-4 X9-8 22. P2-6 Tg5
23. X4/3 P2.2 24. M9.7 M4/3 25. M7.8 M3.2 26. P6-5 M2.3 27. P5.2, 1-0.
(e) y l vn H Thun An - Dng Quan Ln chi ngy 15-3-62.
Vn c tip din
17. X7-8 X2-4 18. B5.1 M2.3 19. X8-7 Pt-8 20. B5.1 B5.1 21. P6-7 P8.1 22. P5-2 P7.5
23. P2.1 M3.5 24. P7-5 X4.4 25. X7-8 B7.1 26. Tg-4 B7.1 27. X4.2 X8.3 28. P5.3 X8.3
29. Tg.1 Tg-4 30. X8-5 P7-3, 0-1
(f) Theo ti liu ca T Hip Tn c ghi vn u gia Chu c D v Trng Cm
Vinh, ch ny i nh sau:
2...B3.1 3. Xl-2 X9-8 4. X2.6 T3.5 5. B5.1 M2.4 6. B5.1 B5.l 7. M3.5 P2.1 8. X2-3 M7.5
9. X3/2 M4.6 10. X3-6 P2.3? (nu Trng i 10...P7-8! en chi th no cng km phn,
nh l1. X6.2 P7.7 l2. S4.5 P2.7 l3. X9-8 M5.7, -+, hoc nh ll. T3.1 M5.7 12. B3.1 B5.1
l3. P5.2 M7.5 14. X6-5 P2/2, -+) Do sai lm trn, en chi tip
11. M5.4 M5/3 12. X6-8 P2.3 13. X9-8 P8-9 14. Xs.1? S4.5 l5. X8.2 X8.4 16. M4.3 X8-7
17. M3/1 X7.2 18. X8-7 X1-3? 19. Ml/2 X7-3 20. P8.5 X3-4 21. X8.5 B5.1 22. M2.4
B5.1 23. P5/1 X3-4 24. M4.6 M6.7 25. P8-5 T7.5 26. P5.6 S5.4 27. X7.1 P9/1 28. X7/2,
1-0.

D. PHO U I VI PHN CNG M

Phn Cng M l mt bin dng ca Bnh Phong M hay Pho u gip M. c im khai cuc ca n
l trin khai con M cnh mt trc (M2.3) ri vo Pho tai S (P8-6) sau mi i M cnh tri
(M8.7). Nu con M th hai ny nhy ra bin th thnh trn Thit n , cn nhy vo trong mi gi l
Phn Cng M. Sch v nhiu nc c lc tranh lun v tn gi: ngi th bo "Phn Cung M" k li
bo "Phn Cng M" hoc "Bnh Phong gip M" hay "Bn bch h sn". Cc danh th quen gi l
"Phn Cng M" t hn 50 nm qua, nn ti liu ny vn gi theo tn .
V ngun gc th c l trong dn gian bit chi trn ny t nhiu th k, nhng trc th k 20 cha
thy mt quyn k ph no tng kt. Quyn "N g Thiu Long tng k ph" xut bn hi u th k 19
c ng vn c gia Lu Thng Linh v Ng Thiu Long chi t trn i Binh chuyn v Pho u
i Phn Cng M rt ng ch .

Do cc danh th ng i nghin cu, b sung nn hin nay l thuyt v trn Pho u i Phn Cng
M pht trin phong ph a dng. N khng n thun l mt kiu phng th th ng nh l thuyt c
nu m n tr thnh mt loi phng th tch cc phn n c ng o ngi chi hm m. Hi
C nghin cu, bc u tng kt v xut bn mt ti liu v th trn ny c nhiu bn c gn xa
hoan nghnh. y xin tm tt vi phng n tiu biu cc bn bit qua.

1. PHNG N PHO U TIN TT 3 HOC RA XE SM

1. P2-5 M2.3 2. M2.3 P8-6

Ch gii :
(a) en cn cc kh nng khc:
*Mt l
4. P8-7, nu Trng i 4...X9-8 5. X1-2, hoc 4...X9.1 5. M8.9 X1-2 6. X9-8, n u gi th ch ng.
*Hai l
4. B7.1 X9-8 5. P8-7 X8.4 6. M8.9 X1-2 7. X9-8 P2.4 8. X1-2 X8-4 9. X2.6, en cn tin th.
*Ba l
4. Xl-2 X9.1 5. B7.1 X9-4 6. P5-4 X4.3 7. M8.7 B3.1 8. B7.1 X4-3 9. T7.5, th trn cn bng.
(b) Trng cn hai kh nng: Nu nh 5...X8.4 8. Xl-2 X8-2 7. X2.6, hoc nu 5...T3.5 6. X9-8 P2-1 7.
B7.l S4.5 8. X1-2 X8.9 9. M3/2 X1-4 10. P5-3, en hi u trong c hai trng hp.
(c) en c th chi 5. X1.1 M8.7 6. P8-6 X1-2 7. X9-8 S6.5 8. X1-7 X9-8 9. B7.1 B3.1 10. X7.3 X8.4,
th cn phc tp. Hoc nu nh 5. P8-6 X1-2 5. X9-8 M8.7 7. X1-2 P2.4 8. M9/7 P2/1 9. X8.3, en hi
u.

(d) Nu nh 8. X1-7 X9-8 9. B7.1 P2-3 10. X8.9 P3.2 11. X8/9 P3/3 12. P5-6 X8.4 13. T3.5 B7.1 14.
T5.7 B7.1, Trng ch ng hn.
(e) en cn ba kh nng khc:
*Mt l
4. P8-6, by gi Trng c th i ph bng 4...X1-2 5. M8.7 P2-1 6. B7.1 B7.1 hoc nu 4...B7.l 5. M8.7
S4.5 6. X9-8 B3.1, c hai trng hp ny d cn bng. Cn nu Trng i 4...X1.1 5. M8.7 X1-4 , hai bn
i cng, hoc nu 4...X9.1 5. M8.7 X1-2 6. X9-8 B7.1, en cn ch ng hn.
*Hai l
4. B5.1, nu Trng i ph 4...P2-1 hoc 4...B7.1 to th i cng cn nhTrng i 4...X1.1 hoc 4...P55 vn thng b en uy hip.
*Ba l
4. B3.1, en vn c u th tn cng.
(f) en c th chi 5. X9.l hoc 5. P8-6 a v cc dng tn cng trn, en vn cn gi ch ng.
(g) en cn cc kh nng khc nh 4.X2.8 hoc 4.X2.6 hoc 4.M8.9 thng a n cn bng hoc en
hi u mt cht.
(h) Nu en chi 6. M8.7 X9.2 7. X9.l M7.6 8. B5.1 P5.2 9. M7.5 P5.3 10. T3.5 M6.5 11. M3.5 X1.l 12.
B3.1 X1-4, hai bn i cng.

2. PHNG N PHO U TIN TT 7 HOC XE HONH

Ch gii :

(a) en c th chi 3. P8-6 P2.4 4. M8.7 P2-3 5. M2.3 M8.7 6. B3.1 X9.1 7. X1-2 X9-4
8. S6.5 X4.4 9. B5.1 P6-5, hai bn i cng.
(b) en cn cc kh nng khc nh 4. M8.7 hoc 4. X1.1 hoc 4. X1-2, tt c cc phng
n ny en u to th i cng v hi u th.
(c) Nu nh 4...T3.5 5. M2.3 X9-8 6. P8-7 B7.1 7. X9-8 X8.5 8. M6.5 M3.5 9. P5.4 S4.5
10. T3.5 X8/2 11. P5/2 M7.6 12. S4.5 X1-4 13. X8.6, en cn ch ng.
(d) Nu Trng i 6...X1-2 7. M2.3 X9-8 8. X8.4 B7.1 9. X1.1 X8.5 10. M6.7 M7.6 11.
Xl-6 P6-7 12. X6.4, en hi u.
(e) Nu en chi 5. M8.7 S4.5 6. X1-6 P6.5 7. X6-7 X9-8 8. S6.5 P6.1 9. S5/6, hai bn
i cng.
(f) Nu Trng i 7...X1-4 8. X9-8 P2-1 9. X4.3 X9-8 l0. X8.7 P1/2 11. P5-4 P6.5 12.
X4/2 X4-3 l3. M7.8, en cn ch ng.
(g) Nu Trng i 5...S4.5 th en c ba kh nng:
*Mt l
6. P8.2 B3.1 7. P8-3 M7/9 8. X9-8 X1-2 9. X8.6 T7.5 10. B5.1 B7.1 11. P3-l, en cn
ch ng.
*Hai l
6. B5.1 X8.4 7. M7.5 T3.5 8. X4.5 X1-4 9. P8.4 X4.6 10. B5.1 B5.1 11. X4-7 B5.1, hai
bn cng.
*Ba l
6. P8-9 X1-2 7. X9-8 P2.4 8. X4.5 B3.1 9. X4-3 X8.2 10. X3/2 P6/1 11. B7.1 P6-7 12.
X3-4 X8.2, cn bng.

E. PHO U I VI UYN NG PHO

Kiu chi ny mi xut hin vo nhng thp k 40, 50, u tin l nhng tay c giang h
by ra. c im ca Uyn ng Pho l khi i phng chi trc Xe (X1-2) th h
khng ra Xe gi Pho (X9-8) m li ln Xe (X9.2) sau dng Pho cnh mt lui v
(P2/1) chuyn sang cnh tri nh ui Xe i phng. Kiu chi ny khin cho bn i
tin khng quen s lng tng, b i phng phn n ginh tin th. Cc tay c t nhiu
nm qua vn quen gi y l "trn Ty Tng", khng r ai t tn nh vy v ngha th
no. Hin nay trong gii giang h vn cn s dng nhng ti cc gii chnh thc th t
thy xut hin.
Sau y xin gii thiu mt s phng n quan trng cc bn c dp lm quen vi th
trn ny.

Ch gii :
(a) en cn ba kh nng khc:
*Mt l
4. P8-6 M8.7 5. M8.7 T3.5 6. B7.1 M7.6 7. X9-8 P2-1 8. X2.6 S4.5 9. X2-4 X1-4 10.
S6.5 M6.7 11. P6.2 M7.5 12. T7.5 P8-6 13. M3.4 X9-8, cn bng.

*Hai l
4. P8.2 B9.1 5. M8.7 P2/1 6. P8-7 M8.7 7. X2.6 B3.1 8. P7-5 T7.5 9. X2-3 P8/2 10. X9-8
X1-2 11. X3-2 P2.5 12. S4.5 P8-7, Trng e da trc l 7.
*Ba l
4. M8.9 P2/1. 5. X2.6 T7.5 6. X9.1 P2-8 7. X2-3 X1.1 8. P5-4 X1-6 9. P4.4 Ps-7 10. P8-4
M8.7 11. X3.1 X6.2 12. P4-6 P7-8 13. P6.5 X6-8 14. X9-4 Ps-1 15. P6.1, en u.
(b) en cng thng chi 3. X1-2 X9.2 4. X2.4 T7.5 5. B9.1 P2-8 6. X2-8 X1.1 7. M8.9
X1-4 8. S6.5 B7.1 9. X8-4 Pt-6 10. M9.8 P8-6 11. X4-2 M8.7 12. M8.9 M7.6 13. M9.7
Pt-3 14. P5.4 P6-5 15. P8-5 X4.4, en hi u.
(c) Vn Trn K - Thm Ch Dic i li:
12...X6/3. 13. X2.1 P7.4 14. P5-7 M3/2 15. T7.5 P7.1 16. B9.1 X6.2 17. X2/1 M9.8 18.
S6.5 P7-8? 19. X2-5, en u do Trng sa lm. Sau en thng c tn nc 45.
(d) en cn ba kh nng khc:
*Mt l
4. M8.9 P2/1 5. X2.4 T7.5 6. X9.1 B7.1 7. X9-4 P2-8 8. X2-4 Ps-6 9. Xt-2 P8-6 10. X4-2
M8.7 11. B9.1 M7.6, Trng c th cng.
*Hai l
4. P8-6 X1-2 5. M8.9 P2-1 6. X2.4 M8.7 7. B9.1 B7.1 8. X9.1 S4.5 9. X9-7 P1/1 10.
B7.1 B3.1 11. X7.3 P1-3 12. X7-8 X2-1 13. S6.5 T3.5 14. X8.4 X1-3 15. M9.8 M7.6 16.
X2-4 M6/4 17. T7.9 P8-7, Trng c th phn cng.
*Ba l
4. P8.2 B9.1 5. M8.7 P2/1 6. P8-9 X1-2 7. X9-8 T7.5 8. B3.1 P2-8 9. X8.9 P8.8 10. X8/8
P8/6 11. B5.1 X9/1 12. M7.5 X9-6 13. B5.1 B5.1 14. P5.3 S6.5, cn bng.
(e) Nu Trng i 6... P2-8 7. X2-8 X1.1 8. B5.1 X1-6 9. B5.1 B5.1 10. M7.5 X6.5 11.
B7.1 X6/1 12. B3.1 X6-4 13. P5.3 P8-5 14. P5.3 S6.5 15. P8-5 M8.6 16. X9-4 M6.5 17.
X8.2, en u.
(f) Nu en i 4. X9.1 X1.1 5. X1-2 X9.2 6. X9-6 X1-6 7. P8-7 X6.3 8. B9.1 M8.6
9.X2.4 P8-7 10. X6.7 P7/1 11. X6/2. M3.4 12. S6.5 P7.5 13. T3.1 S6.5 14. B7.1 X9-8 15.
X2-6 M4.6 16. P5-4 M6.7 17. P7-3 X6.2, Trng c th phn cng.
(g) en nn chi 6. B3.1 X1.1 7. B9.1 X1-4 8. S4.5 M8.6 9. X8.4 X9.1 10. X8-4 P7/1 11.
P5-4 X4-2 12. T3.5 B7.1 13. X1-2 P8-7 14. X4.3, en vn cn ch ng.

F. PHO U I VI TAM B H
Trn "Tam B H" l mt bin dng ca trn Bnh Phong M, do bn Pho u chm ra
Xe nn n mi hnh thnh. T hai thp k qua n pht trin rt phong ph nn ngi ta
tch n thnh mt kiu chi ring.
c im ca kiu chi ny l bn i hu trin khai nhanh cnh tri (sau ny c phng
n hnh thnh Tam B H cnh mt th trin khai nhanh cnh mt) sm tr n. Din
bin ca trn ny cng v cng phc tp sau ba nc i: Nhy M, ra Xe v Pho phn
bin. Chnh vi ba nc i c trng ny ging nh kiu nhy ca con h nn ngi ta
mi t tn nh vy. Nhm i ph vi nhiu kiu tn cng ca Pho u, n c th tr
n bng chuyn v Nghch Pho, Bnh Phong M, Phn Cng M hay Uyn ng Pho.
Do mun s dng kiu chi ny th phi am tng nhiu loi trn khc.
Sau y cn c vo cc phng n chnh ca Pho u l sm tin Tt 7 hoc sm tin
Tt 3 hay sm Nhy M bin, xin gii thiu cc phng n i ph ca trn "Tam B
H" nh sau.

Ch gii :
(a) Trng cn cc kh nng khc:
*Mt l

4... T3. 5 l nc phng th to iu kin ty en mun chi 5. B3.1; 5 B5.1; 5.

X9.1; 5. M7.6; 5. P8-9 hoc 5. X1.1, c su phng n ny phn ln en u u th.
*Hai l
4...X8.4 b en chi 5. X1-2 i Xe xong Trng vn cn km phn.
*Ba l
4...P2-5, chuyn v "Bn Nghch Pho" m ta c xem phn trc. Nhiu tnh
hung hai bn i cng rt cng thng.
(b) Nu en i 5. M7.6 M2.3 5. T3.1 S4.5 d cn bng. en c th chi 5. P8 2 hoc 5.
X9.1 hoc 5. X1.1 c nhiu c may gi vng quyn ch ng.
(c) a s cc phng n nhy M trong tn cng mnh hn nhy M bin. Chng ta s
xem phng n nhy M bin ct k bn v Trng d gi th cn bng.
(d) Trng c th chi 4... T3.5 hoc 4... B3.1. C hai kh nng ny en u d chim u
bng Pho phn bin (P8-9) hoc Pho qua h (P8.4). Cn nu Trng chi 4... P2-5
chuyn v "Bn Nghch Pho" th i cng cng thng hn.
(e) Trng c th chi 5...P2/1 hoc 5...X8.4 hoc 5...T7.5 hay 5...T3.5. a s cc phng
n ny en u gi quyn ch ng.
(f) en c th chi cc phng n nh 6. X1.1, hoc 6. M7.8, hoc 6. P8.1 hay 6. X9.1
cng u c th uy hip i phng, gi th thng phong.
(g) en cn c cc kh nng:
*Mt l
4. P8-7 B1.1 5. B3.1 X1-2 7. P7.4 X8.4 8. X1-2 X8-5 9. P7-3 T7.5 10. S6.5 P2-3 11.
X8.9 M1/2 12. X2.3, en cn u.
*Hai l
4. X9.1 M2.1 5. X9-6 P2-3 6. P8.4 S4.5 7. B3.1 X1-2 8. P8-5 M7.5 9. P5.4 T3.5 10. X6.4
X8.6 11. B5.1 B1.1 12. X1.1 B3.1, hai bn i cng.
*Ba l
4. B9.1 B7.1 5. P8-7 S4.5 8. X9-8 M2.1 7. X8.4 X1-2 8. B3.1 X8.4 9. X1-2 X8.5 10.
M3/2. B7.1 11. X8-3 T3.5 12. M2.3 P2-4, cn bng.
(h) Nu Trng chi 4... B1.1 5. X9.1, by gi Trng c th 5...S4.5 hoc 5...M2.3 hoc
5...M2.1 u sc to th cn bng. Trng hp Trng chi 4...P2-5 a v trn Nghch
Pho th hai bn i cng nhng Trng sc a n th ngang nga.
(i) Nu en vi bt Tt u th: 9. P8-5 M7.5 10. P5.4 B1.1 11. X9.1 M2.4 12. P5/2
P2.3! 13. B9.1 P2-5 14. B5.1 X1.5, Trng c th hn.
(j) Trng cng thng chi:
*Mt l:
5. X1-2 P8-6 6. P8-9 X2-3 7. X8.2 T7.5 8. P9/1 B3.1 9. X2.4 M8.7 10.P9-7 X3-4 11. X26 X4/1 12. M7.6, en u.
*Hai l:
5. P8-9 X2-3 5. X8.2 T7.5 7. P9/1 B3.1 8. X1-2 M8.6 9. P9-4 X3-4 10. X2.4 M3.4 11.
P4.2 X4.2 12. M7.6, en u.

G. PHO U I VI QUI BI PHO

Qui Bi Pho c ngha l "Pho lng ra hay Pho mai ra" v hnh nh b tr qun ging nh ci mai
con ra. Lng c gi nm na l trn "Pho tht l" cho d hiu. Trn ny cng mi xut hin t hai thp
k nay. u tin cng do cc tay c giang h by ra chi vi nhng ngi trnh km, dn dn n
c ph bin rng ri hn. Tuy nhin trong nhng trn u nghimchnh cc cao th t khi s dng.
Sau y xin gii thiu mt s phng n din ra trong kiu chi ny.
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9.1 3. X1-2 P8/1

Ch gii :
(a) Trng cng thng chi: 5...P8-2 6. P7.4 B7.1 7. P5-7 M2.4 8. Pt.1 M7.6 9. X2.4 M6.7 10. X2-6
M4.6 11. Pt-4 Pt-6 12. X9-8 P2-7, i cng.
(b) en cn cc kh nng khc:
*Mt l
6. P7.4 B7.1 7. X9-8 P2-3 8. X8.7 P1-3 9. P5-8 Ps.2 10. P8.7 Ps/2. 11. T7.5 X1.112. X2.4 X9-2 13. X2-8
X2.1 14. X8.3 B1.1 15. B7.1 P3-1 16. B7.1 X1-3 17. B7-6 B1.118. X8-9 X3.2 19. B6-7 X3-2 20. B7-8
X2/3 21. X9/1 B1.1, Trng d chi hn.
*Hai l
6. B3.1 M2.4 7. X9.1 X1-2 8. X9-6 P2-1 9. X2.6 X2.4 10. X2-3 B1.1 11. X6.3 M4/2 12. P5.4 M7.5 13.
X3-5 X9-4 14. X5-6 X4.2 15. X6.2 B1.1 16. B9.1 X2.4 17. P7.4 Pt.5 18. P7-1 Ps-3 19. X6-7 P1-3 20.
X7-4 X2-3, Trng hn qun chim u.
*Ba l
6. B9.1 X9-4 7. X9-8 X4.1 8. X8.4 P1-2 9. X8-4 B1.1 10. B9.1 X1.4 11. S4.5 X1-2, mi bn cng mt
cnh.

(c) Nu nh 12. B3.1 X6.3 13. M3.4 Ps/1. 14. P6.6 Ps-4 15. P6-7 X2-3 16. P5-4 X6-5 17. B5.1 X5-2 18.
B9.1 B1.1 19. B9.1 X2-1 20. M4.5 M7.5 21. X3-5, en hi u.
(d) Nu nh 14. P6.6 Ps-4 15. P6.7 X2-3 16. S6.5? B1.1 17. B9.1 X6-1, Trng c th tr n.
(e) Nu en i 5. M8.9 T3.5 6. P8-1 X9-6 7. X9-8 M2.4 8. X8.5 B7.1 9. X8-6 X1-2 10. P1-6 X2.1 11.
X6-8 X6.3 12. X8/1 P2.2 13. P6.3 P1.1 14. X2.7 P1-2 15. X8-7 Pt.3, i cng.
(f) C th chi 7. M8.9 B7.1 8. P3.3 P2-7 9. P5.4 P1-5 10. P5-3 T5/3 11. T3.5 P7.5 12. P3-6 X7.2 13.
P6/4 M2.3 14. X9-8 B7.1 15. X2-4 B1.1 16. S4.5 Ps-7, hai bn i cng.
(g) Trng cng thng i 7... M2.4 8. B5.1 B7.1 9. P3.3 P2-7 10. M3.5 M4.6 11. X9-8 B7.1 12. M5.3
M8.7 13. X2/1. M7.5 14. M7.5 M5.3 15. P5.4 P1-5 16. T3.5 P7.4, i cng.
(h) Trng c th chi 4...B3.1 5. B5.1 P8-3 6. M7.5 P2-5 7. P8.5 M2.3 8. P8-5 T3.5 9. X2.7 X9-7 10.
X9.8 B7.1 11. X8.6 S4.5 12. X2/1 X1-3 13. B5.1 B5.1 14. P5.3 M3.5 15. M5.8, en cn ch ng.
Nhng nu en i li nc va ri 15. T3.5? X7-8 16. X2-4 X8.6 17. S4.5 X3-4 18. X8.2? P3.5 19.
B3.1 X4.6, Trng u th. y l phng n Bc Phng Ba gp Tn Ch V ngy 7-5-1983.
(i) en c hai kh nng khc:
*Mt l
5. X2.4 P8-3 6 B5.1 X9-4 7 B5.1 B5.1 8. M7.5 S4.5 9. P8-9 M2.3 10. X9-8 X1.2 11. X8.4 M3.5 12.
P5.3 B7.1 13. B9.1 P3.5 14. B9.1 P2/1 15. S4.5 P2-3 16. P5-6! X4/1 17. B9-8 X1-3 18. B8.1 B3.1 19.
B8.1 X3.1 20. P9-6, en u. y l vn T Thin Hng gp H Vinh Hoa ngy 24-5-1980 v T
thng.
*Hai l
5. B5.1 M2.4 6. M7.5 P8-5 7. X9.1 P2-1 8. X9-6 M4.2 9. X2.7 X9-7 10. B5.1 B5.1 11. M5.4 T5/3 12.
M3.5 B7.1 13. P5.3 T3.5 14. M4.3 P5.3 15. M5.7 P5.1 16. X6.3 M2.3, i cng phc tp.
(j) en cn ba kh nng khc:
*Mt l
9. P8.5 X1-2 10. X6-7 X2.2 11. X7/3 X9-3 12. X7.1 X2.1 13. M7.8 B7.1 14. B3.1 B7.1 15. X7-3 X2.1
16. P5-8 X2-7 17. X3.1 T5.7, cn bng.
*Hai l
9. B3.1 X1-2 10. M3.4 X2.5 11. M4.3 X2-7 12. P8.5 X7/2 13. X6-7 X9-3 14. X7/3 X7.1 15. X7-8 B1.1,
cn bng.
*Ba l
9. P8.2 B1.1 10. P8-7 M1.2 11. X6/1 B3.1 12. P7.3 P3/4. 13. M7.6 M2.3 14. X6.2 X9-3 15. M6.4 M3.5
16. T3.5 S4.5 17. X6/1 B7.1 18. M4.3 P3-7 19. X6-5 B1.1 20. B9.1 X1.5 21. T9/7 P7.4, Trng ch ng
hn.
(k) Trng cng thng chi 5...B3.1 6. M7.6 B3.1 7. M6.5 T3.5. By gi en c th:
*Mt l
8. P8.7 X1-2 9. X9-8 M7.5 10. P5.4 P3-5 11. P5.2 X9-5, th c coi nh cn bng
*Hai l
8. P8-6 X9-4 9. X9-8 X4.6 10. X8.7 M7.5 11. P5.4 P3-5 12. P5.2 S4.5 13. T3.5 M2.4 14. X8/1 B7.1,
Trng hi u.
*Ba l
8. X2.4 B3.1 9. X2-7 B3-4 10. X7-6 B4-5 11. M3.5 P3-5 12. Mt.3 P5.5 13. S6.5 P2-7 14. X6-5 X9-4 15.
X5/1 S4.5, cn bng.
(l) en cn hai kh nng:
*Mt l
6. X2.4 X4.5 7. M7.6 T3.5 8. M6.5 M7.5 9. P5.4 P3-5 10. P5.2 S4.5 11. S6.5 B3.1 12. X2-7 M2.4, cn
bng.
*Hai l
6. P8.4 B3.1 7. P8-3 T7.5 8. X9-8 X1.2. n y en c th:
a) 9. X2.4 B3.1 10. X2-7 P2-3 11. X7-8 Ps.6 12. Xt.5 X4.3 13. B3.1 X4.1 14. T3.1 X4-3 15. M3.2 Ps.1
16. P5-3 Pt-9 17. M2/1 P3.6 18. S6.5 X3-7 19. M1/2 P3/5 20. Pt-4 M7.8, Trng mt qun nhng c th
cng.

b) 9. B5.1 B3.1 10. M7.5 P3-2 ll. X8-9 X4.5 12. B5.1 B5.1 13. M5.3 X4/3 14. Mt.5 Ps-5 15. X2.5 P5.3
16. X2-5 S4.5 17. P3/2 X4.3 18. M3.5 P2.4 19. M5.4 M7.6 20. X5-4 Tg-4 21. S4.5 X4-7 22. X4-6 Tg-5
23. T3.1 P2-5, Trng u hn.
(m) Nu Trng i 8...B3.1 9. X2-7 P2-3 10. X7-6 Pt.7 11. S6.5 X4-3 12. M7.8, en u.

Ni thm v Thin phong Pho

Thin phong Pho l mt b cc c, rt t dng. Do c nc honh Xa v thoi Pho nn c tc gi xp
vo loi Quy bi Pho. N hng theo nhiu nh nghin cu, bin ha ca Thin phong Pho khc nhiu
so vi Quy bi Pho nn vic xp nh vy khng tha ng. Danh th Trn Hiu Khn v H Lin Sinh
ngh gi theo sch c l Thin phong Pho. Trong Tng k b cc nht lm (Mt vi b cc trong
c Tng) hai ng trnh by b cc Thin phong Pho c lp vi Quy bi Pho. V hai b cc ny
ging nhau khai cc nn Phm Quc Hng nhm ln rng "Trng thn Gin t" ang dng Quy
bi Pho. N u l Quy bi Pho chc chn Hng s " bp" i phng ngay trong trung cc. Anh
phm sai st v b "trng thn" Ny vo th thua, buc phi cu ha. My ngy sau, hai u th gp
nhau ln th hai. Ln ny ha nhng Hng chim u th. n ln th ba "trng thn" vn dng Thin
phong Pho. i c 9 nc "trng thn" bun c xin thua, v Hng khai cc... ng nh sch. Phm
Quc Hng ni anh khng c sch nhng my ngy suy ngh cch ph b cc ny. Anh t tin:
t nay ai dng Thin phong Pho vi anh th... kh y! Trung Quc vo nhng nm 50 cc k th
Qung ng hay dng Thin phong Pho v c nhng nghin cu su. By gi chng ta xem Quy bi
Pho khc Thin phong Pho ch no. Ba nc u tin ca Quy bi Pho nh sau:
Vn c:
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9.1 3. X1-2 P8/1
n y bn en c 5 phng n: B7.1, B5.1, P8.2, M8.9 v M8.7. Ty theo cch chi ca bn Trng,
bn Trng c th i ph bng nc P8-3, P8-5, P8-1, T3.5. Ngoi cc phng n chnh trn, c hai bn
cn c kh nhiu cch chi, song iu ng ni l P8/1 chn ng ca Xe ra nn bn Quy bi Pho
nht nh phi di chuyn Pho th Xe mi vo cuc. Khai cuc Thin phong Pho nh sau:
Vn c:
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9.1 3. X1-2 X9-4 4. M8.7 P8/1

Thin phong Pho, bn Trng ra Xe l 4 ri mi thoi Pho. V tr ca Xe v Pho khc xa Quy bi

Pho. Trong trn u gp "trng thn Gin t", kin tng Phm Quc Hng reo to: "A! Quy bi
Pho!" v... dnh n.
By gi xin cc bn lm quen vi Thin phong Pho theo tng kt ca Quc t i s Trn Hiu Khn.
Vn c:
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9.1 3. X1-2 X9-4 4. M8.7 P8/1

Theo hnh, bn en c ba phng n: P8-9, P8.2, B7.1. Cch i nh sau:

a/ Phng n mt: P8-9
5. P8-9 P8-5(a) 6. X9-8 X4.1(b) 7. X8.4(c) M2.1 8. X2.4 X1-2 9. X2-6 X4.3 10. X8-6 B3.1 11. P9.4
T7.5 12. X6.4 B7.1 13. B5.1 P2-3 14. M7.5 X2.3 15. P9/1
Ch thch:
a) Nu Trng i: 5... M2.3 th 6. X9-8 X1-2 7. X8.6 P8-5 8. B5.1 P2-1 9. X8-7 X2.2 (Nu X4.1 B5.1
en u) 10. B5.1 B5.1 11. M7.5 hai bn tranh thng.
b) Nu 6... X1.2 th 7. B9.1 X4.5 8. X2.8 T3.5 9. B9.1 M2.4 10. X8.6 bn en chim u th.
c) Nu 7. X2.8 th X1.1
b/ Phng n hai: P8.2
5. P8.2 P8-5(a) 6. P8-3 M2.3 7. X9-8 X1-2 8. X2.5 T7.9 9. X2-4
Bn en u th.
Ch thch:
a) Nu 5... B7.1 th 6. P8-9 M2.1 7. X9-8 X1-2 8. P9-7 en u
c/ Phng n ba: B7.1
5. B7.1 B7.1 6. X2.4(a)M2.3 7. P8.2(b)M7.6(c) 8. X2-4 X4.3 9. B5.1 P8-5 10. M3.5 M6/7 11. S6.5 X1.1
Hai bn i chi nhau, u c ch phi e d.
Ch thch:
a) Nu 6. P8-9 th M2.3 7. X9-8 X1-2 8. X2.4 P8-5 9. X2-6 X4.4 10. M7.6 P2.5 hai bn u bnh n
b) Nu 7... P2.4 th 8. B3.1 B7.1 9. X2-3 X4.1 10. X3-6 X4.3 11. M7.6 X1-2 bnh n
c) i l 7.... P8-5 th 8. X2-6 X1.1 9. P5-6 bn en chim tin. Chng ta cng xem khai cc thc chin
Vn 1:
L Quc Hun i trc thua Vng N gc Ti ngy 11/10/1985 ti N am Kinh. Trung Pho i Thin
phong Pho.
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. B3.1 X9.1 3. M2.3 X9-4 4. X1-2 P8/1
Thin phong Pho l b cc rt t c dng trong cc gii ln. Nhng Vng Ngc Ti vn c cch
chi qu d, "bc ng" nn thch dng khai cuc ny.
5. M8.9
Trng thoi Pho nhm a vo tm. Bn en c th i M8-7, sau S6.5
5. ... P8-5 6. X2.6
Vi! Nn S6.5! cng th u li.
6. ... X4.6 7. P8/1
Nu P8.2, X4.2 bn Trng c Xe k h tranh tin, en khng li.
7. ... X4.1 8. P8-7 X1.2 9. S4.5 P2.5 10. P7.1 P2-5 11. T3.5 B5.1 12. T5/3
nc th 8, bn Trng tin Xe bin, khng cho en ra Xe thun li l cch chi "qui d". Hin ti
bn en khng th X9-8 v n o ngh bn Trng B5-1 b M tn cng trung l.
12. ... X1-6 13. X9-8 M2.3 14. X8.7 B5.1 15. P7-5 T7.5

Bn xem hnh, c th thy bn Trng liu lnh b M, b trn linh hot, tn cng
hung hn vo trung l ginh u th.
Vn 2:
Phm Quc Hng i trc thua Dng Nghip Lng ti gii Ton quc nm 1999, B
Ra, Vng Tu.
1. P2-5 M8.7 2. M2.3 X9.1 3. X1-2 X9-4 4. M8.7 P8/1 5. B3.1 P8-5

Tin Tt 3 tht ra l nc yu nhng bn en hay i. Trong cc vn u Trung Quc,

t l vn thua ca bn en khi chn 5. B3.1 kh cao. C th v sau 4 nc, cc k th
"nhm ln" rng bn Trng ang dng Quy bi Pho nn s dng phng n B3.1 l
phng n rt c dng trong b cc Trung Pho i Quy bi Pho chng?
6.S4.5 B3.1 7. P5-4 M2.3 8. T7.5 M3.4 9. X2.6 X4.1 10. X9.1 M4.5 11. M7.5 P5.5 12.
X9-7 X1.1 13. B7.1 X1-6 14. X2/3 P5/2 15. X2-5 P2-3
n y Phm Quc Hng km phn. nc th 5 c th chn B7.1 dn v phng n
th ba nu trn, tnh th s khc.

III. TH TRN PHO QU CUNG VI CC TRN I CNG CA

BN I HU
Bn i tin khng tn cng trung l m dn qun sang mt cnh uy hip i phng, do ny sinh
ra trn Pho Qu Cung. Kiu chi ny c trng bi nc i u tin l P2-6 hoc P8-4, ngha l a
Pho sang ch tai S cnh bn kia, khc vi S Gic Pho l con Pho vo ch tai S nhng cha qu
cung.
Cc ti liu c nh Qut trung b v Mai hoa ph u c gii thiu kiu chi ny, iu cho thy y
l mt loi trn xut hin t ra l trn 300 nm nay. Th nhng thi xa ngi ta nghin cu khng su
nn gii thiu Pho Qu Cung rt th thin, nhiu sai lm, thm ch bin n thnh mt kiu phng th
th ng ch khng phi tn cng. Do cc danh th ng i nghin cu, sa i v b sung th
trn ny tr nn li hi hn, tch cc tn cng hn. iu l th l Pho Qu Cung c s dng cho c
bn i hu tn cng bn i tin nu bn i tin chi trn Phi Tng u. Cn ch , chi cc qun
dn cc li, ch tc mt cnh, rt d b ng trc sc p ca i phng.

A. PHO QU CUNG VI PHO U

Cc ti liu pht hin Pho u l phn n mnh nht "tr" trn Pho Qu Cung, do cc tay c
thi xa ch yu nghin cu cch ph trn ca Pho u.
cc bn thy c nhng sai lm, nhc im ca Pho Qu Cung theo kiu c in, xin gii thiu
phn l thuyt nu trong Mai hoa ph.

1. PHO QU CUNG B PHO U PH (KIU C)

1. P2-6 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7 3. X1-2 X9.1

Ch gii :
(a) Cc danh th ng i thng ln S4.5 va kn c va c nhiu c hi tr n mnh hn.
(b) Nu en chi 8. P6-7 X4.7 9. M8.9 P2.4 10. X7.1 P2-5 11. M3.5 (nh 11. T3.5 P5-1 12. X9-8 P1-2
13. X8-9 X1-3 14. P7.5 P5.5 15. S5.4 P2-7, Trng u) 11...P5.4 12. T3.5 B5.1 13. X7-9 T3.1 14. X9-8
B5-6 15. P8.1 P5/4 16. B7.1 M7.5, Trng u.
(c) Trng hp en chi 9. P6-5 X4.7 10. M8.9 B5.1, by gi nu en i 11. P5.2 P2.5! hoc nh 11.
B5.1 P5.3, cn nu 11. B3.1 P2.5, hoc l 11. X7-8 P2-3 12. P7.5 X1-3 13. P5-7 B5.1, tt c cc kh
nng trn, Trng u u th.
(d) Nu en chi 11. P6-5 M5.6 12. B3.1 M6.7 13. P5.2 X4.7 14. M8.7 Tg-4 15. P5-9 M7/5 16. P9.3
P5.2! 17. X8/1 M5/4, Trng u.
(e) Nu en i li 12. Tg-6 P2-4! 13. P6.6 M5.4 14. S5.6 M4.3 15. Tg-5 P4-5 16. X8-5 M7.5, Trng
u.
(f) Nu en chi 10. P5.3 M7.5! 11. P8-5 P5.2 12. X7-8 M3.4 13. X8.2 X1-4 14. T7.5 P5-7! 15. M3/2
M4.6 16. P5/2 X4.4, Trng u.
(g) Trng tin Tt u m ng cho M nhy ln u. By gi en khng dm bt M v Trng vt
Pho u chiu bt li Xe, th c Trng bt u phn cng.

(h) Nu en i 8. M3.4 P2.1! 9. M4.5 M7.5 10. P6-2 B5.1 11. P2.7 M5.4 12. X3.3 P5.4 13. T7.5 X1.2
14. P2-4 X4-6 15. P4-6 Tg.1 16. M8.6 P2.3! 17. B7.1 X1-6! 18. M6.5 C5.1 trng u th thng

2. PHO QU CUNG B PHO U PH (KIU MI)

1. P2-6 P8-5 2. M2.3 M8.7

Ch gii :
(a) Trng cn hai kh nng khc:
*Mt l
3...X9.1 4. X1-2 M2.3 5. M8.9 X9-4 6. X2.6 B5.1 7. P6-5 M3.5 8. P8.4 P5/1 9. P8-5 M7.5 10. X2-3 P25 11. X3-4 B5.1 12. B5.1 M5.3 13. B5.1 M3.4 14. B5.1 Pt.5 15. T3.5 X1-2 16. X9.1 X2.5 17. C5.1 en
hi u.
*hai l
3M2.3 4. T3.5 X9-8 5. X1-4 X8.4 6. X4.7 M7/8 7. X4/3 C3.1 8. X4-6 S4.5 9. M8.9 C1.1 10. P8.4
X1.3 11. P8-3 C5.1 12. P3/2 X1-2 13. C9.1 C5.1 14. C5.1 M3.5 15. X6/1 P5.3 16. C9.1 P2-9 17. C9-8
X2-1 18. X6-4 X1-4 cn bng.
(b) Trng cng thng chn cc phng n :
Mt l :

5..X8.4 6. X4.7 M3/5 7. X4/3 C3.1 8. X4-6 M5.3 9. M8.7 S4.5 10. X6.2 P5-6 11. C7.1 T3.5 12. C7.1
X8-3 13. M7.6 P6.1 14. X6.2 X1-4 15. X6.1 S5/4 16. C3.1 P2-1 cn bng.
Hai l :
5)..C7.1 6. M8.7 S4.5 7. C7.1 P5-6 8. M7.6 T3.5 9. P8-7 X8.5 10. M6.7 P2.4 11. C3.1 X8/1 12. X9-8
P2-3 13. C3.1 X8-7 14. M7/6 en u.
(c) nu 7. P8.4 M3.2 8. P8-3 T7.9 9. C3.1 C1.1 10. X4.4 X1.1 11. X9.1 X1-8 12. C9.1 C1.1 13. X4-9
Xs-6 trng d chi .
(d) Nu en chi 3. T3.5 X9-8 4. S4.5 M2.3 5. M8.7 B3.1 6. X1-4 M3.4 7. B7.1 B3.1 8. T5.7 P2-3 9.
T7/5 X1-2 10. M7.6 X2.7 11. P6.3 X8.7 12. X4.2 B7.1 13. X9.2 X2/2 14. M5/7 X2.3, Trng u.
(e) Nu en chi 4. M8.9 X9-4 5. S4.5 M2.3 6. P8.2?! X4.4 7. P8-7 P2.5! 8. T3.5 M3/5 9. X9-8 X1-2
10. B9.1 X2.6 11. B3.1 P5-2 12. T5/3 B3.1 13. P7-8 Pt-7, Trng li qun chim u.
(f) Nu Trng i 5...B3.1 6. X2-3 M2.3 7. T7.5 P5/1 8. M8.9 X4.1 9. P8.2 X4-6 10. P8-5 P2.5 11. P5.4
S4.5 12. X3/2 X1-2 13. X9-8 T3.5 14. B9.1 P2/3 15. B7.1 M7.8 16. B7.1 T5.3 17. X4-7, en u.
(g) en c th chi 4. S4.5 X9.1 5. X2.4 X9-4 6. M8.7 B5.1 7. B7.1 X4.5 8. P6-4 X1.1 9. P4.1 X4/3 10.
P4.4 X1-3 11. P8-9 X4-6 12. P4-7 X3.1 13. X9-8 B3.1 14. B7.1 X3.2 15. M7.6 P2-3 16. T7.5 P5/1 17.
X8.5 X3.2 (hoc X3-2 18. M6.8 P3.5 cng c) 18. X8-5 X3-4, cn bng.
(h) en nhy M hi yu, mun i cng th 5. X2-7 X9-4 6. S6.5 P2/1 7. T7.5 P2-3 8. X7-8 B7.1 9.
B9.1 M7.6 10. P6/2 B3.1, Trng d chi hn.

B. PHO QU CUNG VI CC TRN KHC

Ngoi trn Pho u, bn hu cn th nghim nhiu kiu chi khc khi u bng nc Nhy M
(M8.7) hoc tin Tt (C7.1 hay C3.1) cng c th honh Xe sm (X9.1). Tt c cc nc ny c th a
bn hu v cc trn Bnh Phong M, n M hoc Phn Cng M, to tnh hung i cng rt phc
tp. Sau y xin gii thiu khi qut nhng kiu chi trn bc u nh hnh:

Ch gii :
(a) Nu en i 3. B3.1 P8-9 4. T7.5, by gi Trng c cc phng n:
*Mt l
4...P2-4 5. M8.7 B3.1 6. X9-8 M2.3 7. P8-9 X1.2 8. P6.4 M3.4 9. P6-3 T7.5 10. X1-2 X8.9 11. M3/2.
M4.6, i cng.
*Hai l
4...P2-5 5. M8.7 M2.3 6. X9-8 B3.1 7. P8-9 X8.4 8. X8.4 X1-2 9. X8.5 M3/2 10. X1.1 M2.3 11. X1-8
B7.1 12. X8.3 M7.6 13. S6.5 P5-7 14. B7.1 B3.1 15. X8-7 T7. 5, cn bng.
*Ba l

4...B3.1 5. P8.4 M2.3 6. M8.9 M3.4 7. P8-3 X1-2 8. X9-8 P2.5 9. X1.1, en u.
*Bn l
4...B3.1 5. X1.1 X8.4 6. X1-7 M2.1 7. B9.1 P2-3 8. X7-8 X1-2 9. X9.1 X8-4 10. P6/1 T7.5 11. S6.5
X4/1 12. P8.5 M7/8 13. P6/1 P3-4! 14. P6-7 M8.6 15. X8.3 M6.8 16. M8.9 B7.1 17. X9-8 B7.1, Trng
u th v en b kt qun cnh tri.

(b) Nu Trng i 3...P2-3 4. M8.7 B7.1 5. T3.5 P8.3 6. P8/1 B3.1 7. P8-2 P8-6 8. P2-7
B3.1 9. X9.2 M2.1 10.P7.3 X1-2 11. B3.1 B7.1 12. P7-3 P6/2 13. M3.4, en u.
(c) Cc danh th cng thng i li:
*Mt l
5. T3.5 T7.5 6. X1-2 X1.1 7. P8.2 B3.1 8. B7.1 X1-3 9. M7.6 X3.3 10. X2.4 P8-9 11.
S4.5 S6.5 12. X9.2 X8.5 13. P8-2 P2-3 14. X9-8 B9.1 15. X8.4 P9.1 16. X8.1 B1.1 17.
M6/8 X3.2 18. P2/1, en u.
*Hai l
5. T7.5 X1.1 6. X1-2 P8.4 7. S4.5 X1-4 8. P8.2 X4.5 9. B3.1 X4-3 10. X9.2 M7.6 11.
M3.1? P8.2 12. P8/3. M6.7 13. P6/1 P8/1 14. P6-7 X3-2 15. P8.6 X2/4 16. B3.1 X2.6,
Trng u.
(d) Trng cng c th chi: 5...X1.1 6. M7.6 X1-6 7. T7.5 X6.7 8. X1.1 X6-9 9. M3/1
P2-4 10. M8.5 T7.5 11. X9.1 P8-9 12. B7.1 M7.6 13. M1.3 B3.1 14. X9-4 M6.7 15.X4.5
B9.1 16. S6.5 S6.5 17. P6-7 X8-6 18. X4-1 B3.1 19. T5.7 X6.4, cn bng.
Trng hp Trng chi 5...P8/1 6. T3.5 P8-4 7. S4.5 T7.5 8. X1-4 S6.5 9. B9.1 X1.1 10.
X4.4 P2-4 11. P6.5 X1-4 12. B3.1, en u.
(e) Nu nh 3. B7.1 X9-8 4. M8.7 M7.6 5. X1-2 P2-5 6. T3.5 P8.4 7. S4.5 M2.3 8. X9-8
X1.1, Trng d chi hn.
(f) Trng hp Trng i 3...P8.2 4. M8.9 M2.3 5. P8-7 X1-2 6. X9-8 P2.2 7. B7.1 X9.1
T3.5 X9-4 9. S4.5 X4.3 10. B9.1, en u.
(g) Trng cn cc kh nng:
*Mt l
4...T3.5 5. M8.7 M2.3 6. B7.1 S4.5 7. B3.1 B7.1 8. X2-3 M7.8 9. P8.4, en u.
*Hai l
4... M2.1 5. B9.1 T7.5 6. M8.9 S6.5 7. T7.5 P8-9 8. X2-6 X8-6 9. S6.5 X6.4 10. X9-6
X1.1 11. P8.2 M7.8 12. P8-7 P2-4 13. P7.5! T5/3 14. P6.5 P9-5 15. P6-8 X6-2 16. Xs-8
X2.5 17. M9/8 X1-2 18. X6-8, en u.
*Ba l
4...P8-9 5. X2-4 M2.3 6. M8.7 T3.5 7. B7.1 P2.4 8. B3.1 B7.1 9. X4-3 M7.6 10. T7.5
S4.5 11. X3-4 X8.4 12. M7.6 M6.4 13. X4-6 P2-9 14. P8-7 X1-2 15. P7.4 B9.1, cn
bng.
(h) Trng hp en i: 5. T7.5 P8-9 6. X2-6 T3.5 7. M8.6 S4.5 8. P8-7 M7.6 9. X6.1
M6.7 10. P7.4 X1-2 11. X9-8 X8.8 12. S6.5 X8-6 13. X8.6 M7.5 14. S5.4 X6-4 15. T3.5
X4-7 16. S4/5 P9-8 17. M3.2 X7/2 18. X6/1 X7-5 19. M2.4 X5/2 20. M4/3 B9.1, Trng
c phn u hn.
(i) Hu ht cc danh th u i M8.7 hoc B7.1 hoc X9.1 ch him ngi chi 1...B3.1.
Tuy nhin gn y mt vi danh th th nghim nc i mi ny, cha ai c kt lun hay
d ra sao.
(j) Nu Trng sai lm i 11...B7.1? 12. M9.8 X4-8 13. X2.5 M7.8 14. P8.5 P8-2 15. X7.5
en u th.
(k) Trng c th chi 2...X9-4 3. S4.5 M2.3 4. X1-2, by g Trng c hai cch i:
*Mt l
4... B3.1 5. M8.9 M8.9 6. T3.5 B9.1 7. P8.2 X4.4 8. P8/3 P8-4 9. P8-6 X4-2 10. Ps-7
M3.2 11. P6.3 T3.5 12. B9.1 X2.2 13. P6-8 X2/3, cn bng.
*Hai l

4...M8.9 5. M8.9 B9.1 6. P8-7 X4.3 7. X2.6 P8-6 8. X9-8 X1-2 9. X8.4 T3.5 10. B9.1
B3.1 11. P6-4 S4.5 12. T3.5 X4-8 13. X2/1 M9.8 14. P4/1 P6-7 15. B3.1 P2-1 16. X8.5
M3/2, cn bng.
(l) Nu en i: 4. M8.9 M8.9 5. P8-7 X4.3 6. X9-8 B1.1 7. X1-2 B9.1 8. X2.6 P8-6 9.
P7.4? M2.1 10. X8.6 P2-3 11. X2.2 P6.1 12. P6-7 M1.3 13. X8.1 P3-4 14. X2-4 M9.8 15.
B3.1 X1.2 16. X8/5 M3.4, Trng li qun chim u.
(m) C danh th sai lm i: 11...X1-2? 12. P8-6 X4/1 13. X8.9 X4-9 14. X8-6 Tg.1 15.
X6/1 Tg/1 16. X6.1 Tg.1 17. Ps-9, en u th.

VI. TH TRN LN TNG VI CC TRN I CNG CA BN

I HU
Kiu chi ny xut hin rt sm trong lch s khai cuc. Ngi ta d on c th n xut
hin ng thi vi cc trn n M v Bnh Phong M, nhng v thi xa n l loi
phng th th ng nn t c hm m. Theo pht trin, cc danh th ng i
nghin cu sng to nhiu phng n tr n tch cc nn hin nay n c lit vo loi
khai cuc c nhiu bin ha phc tp. T tng chin lc ca n l "ly tnh ch ng"
nn din bin mt lc n chuyn thnh Bnh Phong M, n M, Phn Cng M hoc
Qui Cc M nhng li c mt nc nh i trc.
i ph vi trn ln Tng ny, bn i hu thng s dng cc trn Pho u, Pho Qu
Cung, Tin Tt hoc Nhy M. Ni chung cuc chin din ra rt cng thng, quyt lit v
bin ha phong ph, phc tp khng thua g trn Tin nhn ch l va nu. Sau y
chng ta xem qua mt s trn thng c cc danh th s dng.

Ch gii :
(a) Cng c th 1...P2-5 nh vn H Vinh Hoa - Trng Nguyn Khi chi:
1...P2-5 2. M8.7 M2.3 3. M2.3 X1-2 4. X9-8 X2.6 5. B3.1 B3.1 8. S4.5 M8.9 7. X1-4
S4.5 8. X4.5 P5-6 9. P8-9 X2.3 10. M7/8 T7.5 11. B1.1 B7.1 12. B3.1 X9-7 13. P2-1

P8/1. 14. X4.1 X7.4 15. P1/2 P8.5 15. X4-1 M9.7 17. X1-2 P8-7 18. M3/1 P6.1 19. X2/4
X7-6 20. M8.7 M7.6 21. B5.1 M3.4, hai bn i cng, sau en thng nc 43.
(b) Cng c khi ngi ta chi 2. M8.7 M8.7 3. M2.3 X9-8 4. X1-2, by gi Trng c hai
cch:
*Mt l
4...M2.1 5. B3.1 P2-4 6. X9-8 X1-2 7. S4.5 X2.4 8. P8-9 X2.5 9. M7/8 X8.4 10. P2-1
X8-2 11. M8.7 B1.1 12. X2-4 B7.1 13. X4.4 P5/1 14. B7.1 T7.5 15. X4-6 P4-3 16. X6.3
P5-6, i cng.
*Hai l
4...X8.6 5. B3.1 X8-7 6. X2-3 M2.3 7. B7.1 X7-8 8. P2-1 B5.1 9. P8.1 X8.1 10. P1/1
M3.5 11. M7.6 B3.1 12. M3.4 M5/3 13. B7.1 P5.4 14. P1-5 P5.2 15. B7.1, en u.
(c) Ngi ta cng th nghim
2...B3.1 3. B3.1 M8.7 4. M8.7 X9-8 5. X1-2 M2.3 6. P8.4 M3.4 7. P8-3 P2.4 8. P2.4
M4.5 9. M7.5 P5.4 10. S4.5 T7.5 11. B7.1 P5/1 12. X9-8 X1-2 13. B7.1 T5.3 14. B3.1
P2.2 15. X2.4 X2.6 16. P2-5, en gi th cng, v sau khi 16...X8.5 17. P5/1 Tg.1 18.
M3.2.
(d) en cng thng ra Xe sm: 3. X1-2, by gi Trng c hai cch:
*Mt l
3...B7.1 4. B7.1 M2.1 5. M8.7 P2-4 6. P2.2 X9.1 7. X9.1 B3.1 8. B7.1 X9-3 9. X9-6 X3.3
10. M7.6 S4.5 11. X6.4 X3-4 12. M8.6 B5.1 13. P2.2 M1/3 14. X2.1, en u.
*Hai l
3...X9-8 4. B3.1 X8.6 5. M8.7 X8-7 6. X2-3 M2.1 7. B7.1 X7-8 8. X3-2 X1.1 9. X9.1
X1-4 10. M3.4 P5.4 11. M7.5 X8-5 12. M4.3 X4.4 13. S4.5 X5-8 14. X2-4 S4.5 15. B9.1
P2.4 16. X9.2, en u.
(e) Vn Mnh Lp Quc - Chu Qu Bo i li:
5... B3.1 6. M3.4 X8/2 7. P8/1 M2.3 8. P8-3 M3.4 9. M4.6 X8-4 10. X9-8 P2-3 11. P2-3
B3.1 12. B7.1 P3.5 13. P3-7 P5.4 14. S4.5 T3.5 15. X8.3 P5/1 16. X2.7 M7/5 17. X8-5
P5/1 18. X5-4, en u.
(f) Trng cn cc kh nng:
*Mt l
6...P2-3 7. B7.1 X7-8 8. X3-2 B3.1 9. M7.8 B3.1 10. T5.7 B5.1 11. T7/5 B5.1 12. M8.6
P5.4 13. S4.5 M7.5 14. M6.8 M2.1 15. M8.6 M5/4 16. P8-6 S4.5, cn bng.
*Hai l
6...B3.1 7. P2.2 P2-3 8. P8.6 S4.5 9. X9-8 P5-4 10. P8/1 P4-2 11. X8.7 P3-6 12. B7.1
B7.1 13. B3.1 X7/2 14. B7.1 X7-3 15. M3/5 M2.3 16. X8/3 M7.6 17. P2.1, en cn ch
ng.
*Ba l
6...M2.3 7. B7.1 X7-8 8. P2-1 B5.1 9. M3.4 B5.1 10. B5.1 M3.5 11. M4.3 P5.3 12. S6.5
X8-3 13. B3.1 M5.6 14. B3-4 M6.8 15. M7/6 S4.5 16. B1.1 P2-4, Trng c th hn.
(g) en c th chi:
7. S4.5 X1.1 8. B7.1 X1-4 9. B9.1 X4.5 10. P8-9 X4-3 11. X9-8 P2-3 12. X8.2 B3.1 13.
P2.2 M1.3 14. M3/1 X7-6 15. B7.1 P3.2 16. B3.1 P3.3 17. P9-7, en c th hn.
(h) en c th i li
9. X9.1 X1-4 10. M3.4 P5.4 11. M7.5 X8-5 12. M4.3 X4-5 13. S4.5 X5-8 14. X2-4 S4.5
15. B9.1 P2.4 16. X9.2, en cn ch ng.
(i) Trng c hai kh nng khc:

*Mt l
3...B7.1 4. P2-1 M2.1 5. B9.1 P2-3 6. M8.9 X1-2 7. X9-8 P4.5 8. P8-7 X2.9 9. M9/8. X98 10. X2.9 M7/8 11. B3.1 B7.1 12. T5.3, i cc Xe hai bn cn bng d ha.
*Hai l
3...M2.1 4. B3.1 P2-3 5. M8.9 X1-2 6. X9-8 X2.4 7. P8-7 X2-8 8. B9.1 T7.5 9. S4.5 S6.5
10. X8.4 B7.1 11. P2-1 X9-8 12. X2.5 X8.4, cn bng.
(j) Nu Trng i 5...T7.5 8. X2.9 M7/8 7. B7.1 M2.1 8. M8.7 X1.1 9. X9.1 X1-6 10. X96 S6.5 11. P3-7 M8.7 12. X6.5 P2-3 13. M7.8 M1.3 14. X6-7 P3-1 15. X7-6, en u hn.
(k) en c th chi 2. B3.1 M2.3 3. M2.3 P8-5 4. M8.7 M8.7 5. P8.4 B5.1 6. X9.1 X9-8
7. X1-2 X8.6 8. X9-6 B1.1 9. X6.5 X1.3 10. M3.4 M7/5 11. X6-7 P5-8 12. P2.5 X8.3 13.
P2-8 T3.5 14. M4.6 M5/3 15. Pt-5 Mt/1 16. X7-5, en u.
(l) Trng c hai kh nng khc:
*Mt l
2...T3.5 3. M8.9 M2.3 4. X9-8 X1-2 5. X8.4 M8.7 6. B3.1 P8-9 7. M2.3 X9-8 8. X1-2
X8.6 9. P2-1 X8-7 10. X2.7 M3.4 11. X8-6 M7/5. 12. X2/5 M5.3 13. P7-6 X7-9 14. M3.2
P2.5 15. M2.3 P9-6 16. X2.5 S4.5 17. P1-2, en u.
*Hai l
2...T7.5 3. M8.9 M2.3 4. X9-8 M3.4 5. M2.3 X1.1 6. S4.5 X1-6 7. B3.1 M8.9 8. P2.4
S6.5 9. P2-5 B9.1 10. B5.1 M4.6 11. M3.4 X6.4 12. B5.1 M9.8 13. B7.1 T3.1 14. B7.1
T1.3 15. M9.7 M8.7 16. P7.3 Tg-6 17. M7.6 T5.3, hai bn i cng, Trng tp trung qun
mt cnh c th phn n nguy him.
(m) Trng cng hay chi 4...P8-5 5. X9-4 M8.7 6. X4.3 P5.4 7. S4.5 P5/2 8. M2.4 X9-8
9. B7.1 T3.5 10. B7.1 T5.3 11. M4.5 T7.5 12. X1-4 S4.5 13. B9.1 X8.6 14. X4-8 B7.1,
hai bn i cng.
(n) Nu en chi 5. X9-6 S4.5 6. X6.3 M8.7 7. B9.1 T3.5 8. P7-8 X2-3 9. M2.3 X9-8 10.
X1-2 X8.6 11. B3.1 P2/1. 12. S4.5 M1.3 13. P2-1 X8-7 14. P1/1 M3.5 15. P1-3 X7-6 16.
X6-4 P2-1 17. B5.1 X6/1 18. M3.4 M5/3, hai bn i cng.
(o) Trng c th chi 1...M2.1 2. M8.7 B3.1 3. B3.1 P2-3 4. X9-8 X1-2 5. P8.4 P8-4 6.
P2.4 M8.7 7. M2.3 T7.5 8. M3.4 X9-8 9. M4.5 P3.4 10. X1-2 S4.5 11. M5.3 P4-7 12.
B5.1, en u.
(p) Vn c tip tc: 17. M7.6 X4.1 18. X3.1 X4.1 19. X8-7 B5.1 20. X3/1 M4.6 21. X7/2
X4-5 22. X3-4, en u.

IV. TH TRN PHO TAI S (S GIC PHO) VI CC TRN I

CNG CA BN I HU
Bn i tin sng to ra mt kiu khai cuc vi nc i ban u l 1. P2-4 hoc 1. P8-6,
nhm che giu chin lc. Ngi ta gi y l th trn Pho tai S hay S Gic Pho,
v con Pho ny khng qu cung m ch vo ch tai S khiu khch i phng by
trn trc. Kiu chi ny sau khi hnh thnh, l dng l trn Phn Cng M hoc n
M nhng li c mt nc nh i trc.
Th trn ny mi xut hin khong ba thp k gn y v nay coi nh nh hnh. Hnh
thc ban u b tr phng th nhng nu i phng s h th nhanh chng phn
cng, nn n bc l l m kiu chi rt li hi. Bn i hu khng bit cch i cng rt
d tr thnh b ng, tht bi. Nay xin gii thiu mt s th trn ca bn i hu nh
hnh chng li trn Pho tai S.

Ch gii :
(a) Bn tin tranh th ra qun nhanh hai cnh, c tnh cho i phng li Tt chm
trin khai. nc th 7 bn hu b Pho u rt ng, by gi nn b Tt cng c
bng 9...M2.3 10. P8-3 S4 5, th c bnh n.

(b) Vn c tip din: 17. X8.5 Ps-3 18. T3.5 X2.8 19. X5-9 X2/2 20. M1.3 P1-5? 21.
M4/5 X2-5 22. P4.7! en u th thng.
(c) M nhy ln bin l chnh xc nu nh 3...M8.7? 4. X1-2 X9-8 5. X2.6, en c th
cng mnh m.
(d) Trng c th chi 5...X9-8 8. P8.4 B3.1 7. X2.5 (hoc 7. B3.1 P8.2 8. P4-5 B9.1 9.
X2.1 S4.5, i cng) 7...B7.1 8. T7.5 P5-4 9. X2-3 T7.5 10. P4.4 P8.7 11. B3.1 M3/1, i
cng.
(e) Trng cng thng chi 2...P8.4 3. B3.1 B7.1 4. X1-2 B7-8 5. P8-5 M8.7 6. M8.7
M2.1 7. X9-8 X1-2 8. X8.4 X9-8 9. B1.1 P2-3 10. X8-2 X8.5 11. M1.2 P8-3 12. T7.9
S4.5, i cng.
(f) Trng c th chi: 5...X1.1 8. P8-9 X9.1 7. S6.5 P2-3 8. X2.4 X1-4 9. P9.4 X4.3 10.
X9-8 X9.6, th trn cn phc tp.
(g) en c th 3. M8.7 X9-8 4. T7.5 C3.1 5. X1-2 P8.4 6. X9.1 M2.3 7. C1.1 X1.1 8. X96 X1-6 9. S6.5 en u hn .
(h) C th i li 4. X2.6 P8-9 5. X2-3 T7.5 6. M8.7 M2.1 7. P8-9 B3.1 8. X9-8 X1-2 9.
T7.5 P2-3 10. X8.9 M1/2, i cng.

V. TH TRN TIN BINH (TIN NHN CH L) VI CC TRN

I CNG CA BN I HU
y cng l mt kiu ra qun m bn i tin mun che giu th trn chnh vi nc i
ban u l 1. B3.1 hoc 1. B7.1. Ngi ta gi th trn ny l trn Tin Binh hay Khi
Binh, nhng lng c nhiu ni hay gi l trn Tin nhn ch l.
Vi kiu ra qun nh th n bin ha rt phc tp, c th din thnh Thun Pho, Nghch
Pho, Bnh Phong M, n M, Qui cc M hoc Qu Pho Cung. Cn bn i hu
cng i ph linh hot bng kiu trn, t Nhy M, Ln Tng, y Tt, Pho u,
Lim Pho, Pho Qu Cung... T th k 18, 19 thy kiu chi ny xut hin v bn i
hu thng i ph bng tin Tt ln hnh thnh trn i Binh. Nhng thp nin u th
k ny cc danh th nghin cu sng to cho bn i hu nhiu kiu i ph mi, phc tp
hn. c bit nhng thp k gn y, li chi ca cc danh th c nhiu bin ha nn
trn Tin nhn ch l c hm m hn.
Trong nhng kiu i ph ca bn i hu, ngi ta thch chi trn Lim Pho hay cn gi
l trn Tt Pho, tc l khi bn tin i 1.C7.1 th bn hu p li bng 1...P2 -3.
Trng hp bn i hu i 1...P8 -3 th gi l Qu Cung Lim Pho hay Kim Cu Pho.
Cn lu : bn c vn i xng gia hai bn v gia hai cnh. Do ch cn nghin cu
mt cnh cng hiu cnh bn kia. Chng hn l thuyt nu 1. B7.1 B7.1 2. P8-3 P25 3. M8.7 M2.3 nhng trong thc t cc danh th c khi li i: 1. B3.1 B3.1 2. P2-7 P8-5
3. M2.3 M8.7, th ch l din bin i xng m thi. Nhng ai chi c mun tin ln
nh cao u phi nghin cu v chi thng tho trn Tin nhn ch l, khi cm qun i
trc cng nh cm qun i sau. Sau y chng ta xem qua mt s din bin ca hai bn
trong kiu chi phc tp ny.

1. TIN NHN CH L I VI LIM PHO

Ch gii :

(a) en cn hai kh nng khc:

*Mt l
3. M2.3 B3.1 4. X1-2 B3.1 5 M8.9 M2.4 6. X2.4 M4.3 7. P5.4 S4.5 8. T7.5 B3-4 9. X9-8
M8.7 10. P5-4 X9-8 11. P8.5 P8-9 12. X2.5 M7/8 13. X8.6 M3.5 14. B5.1 B4-5 15. X8-5
X1-2 18. P8-9 P3.5, cn bng.
*Hai l
3. M8.9 M8.7 4. M2.3 B7.1 5. X1-2 X9-8 6. X2.4 P8-9 7. X2-6 X8.1 8.P8-6 M2.1 9. X98 X1-2 10. X8.9 M1/2 11. M9/7 X8-2 12. B5.1 S4.5 13. B5.1 B5.1 14. B3.1 B7.1 15. X63 X2-4 15. S6.5 P9/1, hai bn i cng.
(b) Nu nh 6...M2.4 7. X1.1 X1-2 8. M8.6 M7.5 9. X9-8 B3.1 10. P8-9 X2.9 11.M6/8
P8.6, hai bn i cng.
(c) en c th chi 8. M8.6 M2.4 9. X9-8 X1-2 10. B5.1 X8-7 11. M6.5 X2.6 12. X8.1
P9/1 13. P8-7 X2-3 14. X1-4 P3/2 15. X4.7, en u.
(d) Trng c th chi 3...B1.1 4. M2.3 B1.1 5. B9.1 X1.5 6. X9-8 M2.1 7. X1-2 X1-3 8.
P8.6 X3/1 9. X2.4 X3-6 10. S6.5 M8.6 11. B5.1 X9-8, cn bng.
(e) Trng c th chi 5...X2.4 6. X1-2 M8.6 7. X2.4 X2-6 8. B9.1 X9-8 9. M9.8 P3/1 10.
P8-7 X6-2 11. P7/1 P8-7 12. X2-4 M6.4. i cng.
(f) Nu Trng chi 3...M2.1 4. M8.7 X1-2 5. X9-8 M8.7 8. X1-2 X9.1 7. P8.4 X9-4 8.
X2.4 X4.5 9. P8-5 S4.5 10. X8.9 M1/2 11. P5/1 X4-3 12. M7/5 X3-4 13. Pt-4 X4.2 14.
P5.5 T3.5 15. M4.5, en u.
(g) Trng cn hai kh nng khc:
*Mt l
4... B3.1 5. M8.9 B3.1 5 X2.4 B3.1 7. X2-8 M2.1 8. X8-7 X1-2 9. X9-8, en u.
*Hai l
4...X9.1 5. M8.7 X9-4 6. X2.4 X4-5 7. M7.6 M2.1 8. P8.4 X1-2 9. X9-8 S4.5 10. B7.1
B3.1 11. P8-3 M7/9 12. X8.9 P3.7 13. S6.5 M1/2 14. M6.4 M2.3 15. M4.3 P5-4 16.
M3.1, en u.
(h) Nu khng i Pho m i 14...X6.4 15. P8-2 X6-8 16. X8.4 X8.2 17. X8.3 P3/1 18.
X8-6, en u thng.
(i) Nu en chi 3. M8.7 M8.7 4. M2.1 X9-8 5. X1-2 M2.1 6. X9-8 X1.1 7. X8.5 X1-6 8.
B1.1 X6.4 9. T7.9 S6.5 10. S6.5 P5-4 11. X8-6 X6.9 12. P2.4 P4-5 13. P2-5 X8.9 14.
M1/2 M7.5 15. P5.4 X9-6, Trng d chi hn.

2. TIN NHN CH L VI CC TRN I CNG KHC

Sau trn Lim Pho l cc trn i Binh, Ln Tng, Pho Qu Cung, Pho u v N
hy M i ph vi trn Tin nhn ch l din ra rt cng thng, phc tp.

Ch gii :

(a)Trng chi Pho phn bin hnh thnh trn Tam b h. Thng Trng hay chi
3...T3.5 hoc 3...P2-5 cng i cng quyt lit.
(b) Nu nh 14...B3.1? 15. P5.3 M3.4 16. Pt-2 M4.5 17. P2/5, en u r.
(c) Vn c tip tc: 17. X1-6 P1-2 18. X6.5. X6.1 19. Pt.1 X6-5 20. Pt-8 X5/2 21. X6-5
M3.5, cn bng
(d) Trng cng thng i: 1...T3.5 2. T7.5 B7.1 3. M2.1 M8.7 4. P2-4 M7.6 5. X1-2 P8-6
6. X2.6 P6.5 7. P8-4 M2.4 8. X2-4 M6.4 9. X4/2 P2.3 10. M8.9 X1-2 11. B9.1 X4.5 12.
.X4.4 P2.2, cn bng.
(e) Lm chm nc Trng nn 9...X2.6 10. X6.2 P8.3, Trng c th cng.
(f) Nu en chi 7. B7.1 X8-3 bt M, hoc 7. X6.3 M2.3, c hai trng hp Trng u
phn n.
(g) Trng i chnh xc, nu tham bt Pho th nguy: 10...X8-5? 11. P8-5 X5-2 12. X6.6
T3.5 13. X6/1, en u.
(h) Ngoi nc vo Pho u, Trng cng thng chi 1...M8.7 2. P2-5 X9-8 3. M2.3
T3.5 4. M8.7 P8-9 5. P8-9 B3.1 6. X9-8 M2.4 7. X1.1 B3.1 8. X1-6 P2-3 9. X6.7 P3.5
10. P5/1 S4.5 11. B3.1 X8.4 12.M3.4 X8-6 13. M4.6 P9/1 14. X6/2 P3-8, hai bn i
cng.