Influence Line for Girder

Forces Apply to the Girder

P2

P1

F
H

b
L
P1

(b/L)P1
A

P2

(a/L)P1
B

P2
C

E
G
60

 Reaction

1
A

0.5

0.5
H

F
G

RH

RG

RH

61

1
A

0.5

0.5

G
RH

RG

RG

62

 Shear
A

0.5

0.5

H
a

F
G

L
VC

VC
2b/L
VC

x
-(a+b)/L
63

1
A

0.5

1
0.5

0.5

0.5

G
a

b
L
VCD

VCD
b/L
VCD

x
-a/L
64

 Bending Moment

1
A

0.5

0.5

F
G

C
a

b
L
MC

MC
ab/L

MC

65

1
A

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

G
a

b
L

MF

MF
ab/L
MF

66

Example 6-5
Draw the influence for
- the Reaction RG and RF
- Shear VCD
- the moment MC and MH

H
C1.5 m

G
3m

3m

1.5 m D

3m

3m

67

H
F
1.5 m
3m

1.333
RG

RG

1.5 m

G
3m

3m

3m

1
0.667

0.333
x

68

H
F
1.5 m

1.5 m

G
3m

RF

3m

3m

0.333

3m

0.667

RF

x
-0.333

69

1
0.5

0.5

C 1.5 m

1.5 m D

G
3m

3m

3m

3m

VCD

VCD

VCD

4.5/9

0.333

0.333
x

-0.333

-4.5/9
70

1
A

1
C 1.5 m

F
1.5 m

G
3m

3m

3m

MC

3m

MC
(3)(6)/9 = 2

MC

1
x
-2

71

1
A

0.5
1.5 m

0.5

1.5 m

G
3m

3m

3m

MH

3m

MH

(4.5)(4.5)/9 = 2.25
MH

1.5

1.5
x

-1.5
72

Example 6-6
Draw the influence line diagrams of girder for
- the reaction at C and G,
- shear at E and H,
- bending moment at H.
2m
A

6 @ 4 m = 24 m

73

SOLUTION
2m
A

RC6 @ 4 m = 24 m

1.25

0.75

0.50

0.25

RC

74

1
A

2m
1

RG

6 @ 4 m = 24 m

0.25

0.50

0.75

RG
-0.25

75

1
A

2m

1
B

1
C

6 @ 4 m = 24 m
8m

8m
VE

VE
VE

8/16 = 0.5

0.25
-0.25

0.25

-8/16 = 0.5
76

1
A

1
B

2m

0.5
C

0.5
H

6 @ 4 m = 24 m
6m

10 m
VH

VH
VH

6/16 = 0.375

0.25
-0.25

-0.50

0.25

-10/16 = 0.625
77

1
A

1
B

2m

0.5
C

0.5
H

6 @ 4 m = 24 m
6m

10 m

MH

MH
(10)(6)/16 = 3.75

1.50

2.50

MH
-1.50
78

Example 6-7

H
2m

B
2m

C2 m
4m

2m
4m

D
4m

Draw the influence for

- the Reaction RG and RH
- Shear VC and VCD
- the moment MC, MD, and MF
and determine the maximum for
- the Reaction (RG)max and (RH)max
- Shear (VCD)max
due to
- a uniform dead load 2 kN/m
- a uniform live load 5 kN/m
- a concentrated live load 50 kN
79

1
A

0.5

2m

0.5
RH
2m

2m

4m

2m
4m

D
4m

10/14

RG

6/14
1/14

2/14

RG

80

1
A

0.5

E
F

0.5

B
R2H m

2m

1
6/14

2m

4m

2m

4m

4m

RG

12/14
8/14

4/14

RH

81

1
A

0.5

1
0.5

2m

B
2m

2m

4m

2m

4m

4m

VC

VC
8/14
VC

1
-1/14

-2/14

4/14
x

-6/14
82

1
A

0.5

1
0.5

2m

0.5

B
2m

0.5

2m

4m

2m

4m

4m

VF

VF
6/14
VCD

4/14
x

-1/14

-2/14

-6/14

-8/14
83

1
A

0.5

2m

2m

2m

C
4m

2m
4m

MC
(2/6)(3.43)
MC

0.5

D
4m

MC
(6)(8)/14 = 3.43
(4/8)(3.43)
x

84

1
A

0.5

1
F

0.5

B
2m

2m

4m

2m

1
2m

4m

MD

D
4m

MD
(2/10)(2.86)

(6/10)(2.86)

MD
(10)(4)/14 = 2.86
x

85

1
A

0.5

1
0.5

0.5
C

B
2m

2m

2m

4m

0.429

0.857

0.5
2m

4m

MF

MF

4m

MF

(8)(6)/14=3.428
2.571

2.285
x

86

Maximum Reaction

50 kN
5 kN/m
B

E 2 kN/m

H
2m

2m
4m

2m

2m
4m

4m

10/14

6/14
1/14

2/14
[0.54 (2/14)] + [(0.5)(2/14 + 1)(12) = 7.143

RG
(RG)max =

(2)(7.143) + (5)(7.143) + (50)(1)

= 100 kN
87

Maximum Reaction

50 kN
5 kN/m
B

E 2 kN/m

H
2m

2m
4m

2m

2m
4m

4m

12/14
8/14

6/14

(0.5)(16)(12/14) = 6.857

4/14

RH

(RH)max =

(2)(6.857) + (5)(6.857) + (50)(12/14)

= 90.86 kN
88

Maximum Shear

50 kN
5 kN/m
B

C
F

H
2m

E2 kN/m

C
2m

2m

4m

2m

4m

4m
4/14

2.4 m
VCD
-1/14

-2/14

-6/14

+ (0.5)(5.6)(4/14) = + 0.8

-[0.5(4)(2/14) + 0.5(2/14) + (6/14)(4) + 0.5(2.4)(6/14)] = -1.943

(VCD)max = (2)(-1.943 + 0.8) (5)(-1.943) + (50)(-6/14)

= -33.43 kN
89

SP 6-1
Draw the influence line for
-the reaction at support A and D
-the shear and moment at E
- the moment at B and C .

2m

2m

2m

2m

2m

90

Influence Line for Trusses

H

F
h
E

C
4@xm

(3/4)

RA

(2/4)

(1/4)
x

RE

(1/4)

(2/4)

(3/4)

x
91

Consider the section to the right

FGH
G
F

FGB

FCB
A

RE

B 1 kN

(1/4)

E
C
4@xm

(2/4)

D
RE
(3/4)

+ MG = 0:
RE (2 x) FBC (h) = 0

x
FBC =

2x
RE
h

(2x/h)(1/4)
FBC

92

Consider section to the left

H FHG

FBG

h
FBC

C 1 kN
4@xm

RA
1

(3/4)

RA

+ MG = 0:
(2/4)

FBC (h) RA (2 x) = 0

(1/4)
x

(2x/h)(2/4)
(2x/h)(1/4)
FBC

FBC =

2x
RA
h

(2x/h)(1/4)
x

93

Example 6-8-1
H

F
4m
E

A
3m

4 kN

2m

1.5 kN

3m

3m

3m

Determine the maximum force developed

in member BC , BG, and CG of the truss
due to the wheel loads of the car. Assume the
loads are applied directly to the truss.

the wheel loads of the car

94

SOLUTION

F
4m
E

A
3m

1
RA

3m

0.75

3m

0.5

3m

0.25
x

RE

0.25

0.5

0.75

x
95

Influence Line for FBC

Consider the section to the right

FGH
G
F

FGB

4m

FCB
A

RE

B 1 kN
3m
3m

0.25

E
C

3m

0.5

3m

0.75

RE
1 + M = 0:
G
FBC = (6/4) RE
= 1.5 RE
x

1.5(0.25) = 0.375
FBC

96

Consider the section to the left

H FHG
G

FBG

4m
FBC

A
3m

RA

3m

0.75

RA

E
C 1 kN

3m

0.5

3m

+ MG = 0:
0.25
x

FBC

FBC = 1.5 RA

1.5(0.5) = 0.75
0.375

0.375
x
97

Influence Line for FBG

FGH

Consider the section to the right

G
F

FGB

4m

FCB
A
3m

RE

B 1 kN

3m

0.25

E
C

3m

0.5

3m
0.75

RE
1

x
Fy = 0 ;
FBG cos = RE
FBG (4/5) = RE

1.25(0.25) = 0.3125

FBG = 1.25 RE
FBG

98

Consider the left hand

H FHG

FBG

4m

FBC
A
3m

RA

3m
0.75

RA

E
C 1 kN
3m

0.5

3m

Fy = 0 ;
FBG cos + RA = 0

0.25
x

FBG (4/5) = -RA

FBG = -1.25 RA

0.3125
FBG

x
-0.3125
-1.25(0.5) = -0.625

99

Influence Line for FCG

F
4m

0
E

A
3m

FCG

B 1 kN

3m

3m

D 1 kN
3m

100

F
4m

1
E

A
3m

3m

C 1 kN
3m

3m

1
FCG

101

(FBC)max by Loads

G
2m

4 kN

1.5 kN

4m
E

3m

FBC

3m

3m

0.75
0.375

0.5

3m

0.375
x

(FBC)max =

(4)(0.75) + (1.5)(0.5)

= 3.75 kN (T)
102

(FBG)max by Loads

F
2m

4 kN

1.5 kN

4m
E

A
3m

3m

3m

3m

0.3125
FBG

-0.625
(FBG)max = (4)(-0.625)

-0.417

+ (1.5)(-0.417)

-0.3125

= -3.126 kN (C)
103

(FCG)max by Loads

F
2m

4 kN

1.5 kN

4m
E

A
3m

3m

3m

3m

1
0.333
FCG

(FCG)max = (4)(1) + (1.5)(0.333)

= 4.50 kN (T)
104

Example 6-8-2
I

4m
E

A
3m

3m

3m

3m

Draw the influence line for FBC , FBH,and FCH.

105

SOLUTION
J

4m
E

A
3m

1
RA

3m

0.75

3m

0.5

3m

0.25
x

RE

0.25

0.5

0.75

x
106

J for FBC
Influence Line

FHI

Consider the section to the right

H
G
F

FHB

4m

FCB
A

RE

B 1 kN
3m
3m

0.25

E
C

3m

0.5

3m

0.75

RE
1 + M = 0:
H
FBC = (6/4) RE
= 1.5 RE
x

1.5(0.25) = 0.375
FBC

107

Consider the section to the left

J
I FHI
H

FBH

4m
FBC

A
3m

RA

3m

0.75

RA

E
C 1 kN

3m

0.5

3m

+ MH = 0:
0.25
x

FBC

FBC = 1.5 RA

1.5(0.5) = 0.75
0.375

0.375
x
108

J for FBH
Influence Line

FHI

Consider the section to the right

H
G
F

FBH

4m

FCB
A
3m

RE

B 1 kN

3m

0.25

E
C

3m

0.5

3m
0.75

RE
1

x
Fy = 0 ;
FBH cos = RE
FBH (4/5) = RE

1.25(0.25) = 0.3125

FBH = 1.25 RE
FBH

109

Consider the section to the left

FHI
J
I
H

FBH

4m

FBC
A
3m

RA

3m
0.75

RA

E
C 1 kN
3m

0.5

3m

Fy = 0 ;
FBH cos + RA = 0

0.25
x

FBH (4/5) = -RA

FBH = -1.25 RA

0.3125
FBH

x
-0.3125
-1.25(0.5) = -0.625

110

J for FCH
Influence Line

FGH G

F
4m

FCH
FCB

A
3m

B 1 kN

RE

0.25

3m

E
C

3m

0.5

3m
0.75

RE
1

Fy = 0 ;
FCH = -RE

x
FCH

x
-0.25

111

FGH

FCH
4m
E

A
3m

RA

FCB

0.75

RA

3m

C 1 kN
3m

0.5

3m
Fy = 0 ;
FCH = RA
0.25
x

0.5
FCH

0.25
x

-0.25

112

Example 6-8-3
G
H

1.5 m

3m
E

A
3m

3m

3m

3m

Draw the influence line for FBC , FBG,and FHG.

113

SOLUTION

G
H

1.5 m

3m
E

A
3m
1
RA

3m

0.75

3m

0.5

3m

0.25
x

RE

0.25

0.5

0.75

x
114

Influence Line for FBC

FHG

Consider the section to the right

G

1.5 m

F
FBG

3m
FBC

A
3m

RE

B 1 kN

3m

0.25

E
C

3m

0.5

3m

0.75

RE
1 + M = 0:
G
FBC = (6/4.5) RE
= 1.33 RE
x

1.33(0.25) = 0.333
FBC

x
115

Consider the section to the left

H

FHG

1.5 m

FBG

3m

FBC

A
3m

RA

1
RA

3m

0.75

E
C 1 kN

3m

0.5

3m

+ MG = 0:

0.25

x FBC = (6/4.5) RA
= 1.33 RA
1.33(0.5) = 0.667
1.33(0.25) = 0.333
FBC

1.33(0.25) = 0.333
x
116

Influence Line for FHG

FHG

Consider the section to the right

G

1.5 m

F
26.57o FBG

3m
A

RE

FBC
B 1 kN
3m
3m

0.25

FHG

E
C

3m

0.5

3m

0.75

RE
1 + M = 0:
B
(FHG cos 26.57)(3) = -9RE
FHG = -3.35RE
x

x
-3.35(0.25) = -0.84

117

Consider the section to the left

H

FHG

1.5 m

FBG
FBC

A
3m

RA
1
RA

3m

3m

0.75

E
C 1 kN

3m

0.5

3m

+ MB = 0:

0.25

x(FHG cos 26.57)(3) = -3RA

FHG = -1.12RA

FHG

x
-0.84

-1.12(0.5) = -0.56

-1.12(0.25) = -0.28
118

Influence Line for FBG

FHG

Consider the section to the right

G

H
26.57o FBG

RE

1.5 m

F
33.69o

3m

FBC
B 1 kN
3m
3m

0.25

E
C

3m
0.5

3m
0.75

+ Fy = 0:

-FBG cos 33.69

x - FHGsin26.57 + RE = 0
FHG = +1.2RE - 0.54 FHG
x

FHG
-0.56

RE
1

-0.28

-0.84
1.2(0.25)-0.54(-0.84) = 0.75
FBG

x
119

Consider the section to the left

H

FHG

1.5 m

FBG
FBC

A
3m

RA
1
RA

3m

3m
0.75

E
C 1 kN

3m

3m
+ Fy = 0:

0.5

0.25

FHG

-0.84
0.75

-0.56

FBG
-1.2(0. 5)-0.54(-0.56) = -0.30

RA + FBG cos33.69
+ FHG sin 26.57 = 0
x
FBG = -1.2RA - 0.54FHG
x

-0.28

x
-1.2(0. 25)-0.54(-0.28) = -0.15
120