Đánh giá Chương trình Quốc gia, Chu kỳ 8 của UNFPA hỗ trợ Chính phủ Việt Nam (2012-2016)

nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia, Chu k 8
ca UNFPA h tr Chnh ph Vit Nam

(2012-2016)
Bo co nh gi
Bn cui
30 thng 3 nm 2016
Nhm nh gi: Jo Kaybryn, Bs. Phan Bch Thy, Nguyn Th Hng Tho, Bi Th Thu Hng, Enrique
Wedgwood Young v Laura McCall
Mc lc
T vit tt
Danh sch cc biu
Danh sch cc bng
Li cm n
Tm tt chnh
Bn Vit Nam vi cc tnh ang c cc can thip ca UNFPA
11
Vit Nam: Cc thng tin v s liu chnh
12
1.
Gii thiu
14
2.
Bi cnh quc gia
24
3.
Cc chin lc chng trnh v k hoch ca UNFPA/ cc t chc lin hp quc
32
4.
Kt qu chnh
42
Khung khi nim
42
4.1.
S ph hp
43
4.2.
Hiu qu ca Chng trnh Quc gia
53
4.3.
Hiu qu trong cu phn Dn s v Pht trin
61
4.4.
Hiu qu trong cu phn SKSS v TD
63
4.5.
Hiu qu trong cu phn v Bnh ng gii
65
4.6.
Hiu sut
67
4.7.
Bn vng
70
4.8.
iu phi cc Nhm C quan LHQ
72
4.9.
Gi tr gia tng
74
5.
Bi hc kinh nghim cho vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
75
6.
Kt lun
78
7.
Khuyn ngh
81
1
Ph lc 1: iu khon Tham chiu
86
Ph lc 2: L thuyt Thay i (s tho)
101
Annex 3: Stakeholders met during the evaluation
103
Annex 4: UNFPA Country Office Matrix (OP, CCPD, SP)
106
Annex 5: UNFPA Country Programme Outputs v Outcomes
107
Ph lc 6: Bng nh gi v Bng chng
110
Annex 7: UNFPA Viet Nam CP8 Disbursement rates 2012-2014
127
Annex 8: Project Budget & Expenditure by Year
128
Annex 9: Results of survey on UNFPAs Global Strategy applicability to Vit Nam
129
Ph lc 10: C s phn tch cc hot ng ca Chng trnh Quc gia
132
References
136
T vit tt
APRO
Vn phng UNFPA Khu vc Chu Thi Bnh

Dng
MIP
Gi Can thip Ti thiu
ASPD
nh gi v Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti

Vit Nam
MNH
Sc khe B m v Tr S sinh
CCPD
Ti liu Chng trnh Chung
MOCST
B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch
CO
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
MOHA
B Ni v
CP8
Chng trnh Quc gia Chu k 8 ca UNFPA
MOLISA
B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi
CPE
nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia
MPI
B K hoch v u t
DaO
Quy v Mt mi (LHQ)
NGO
T chc phi chnh ph
DPO
Khung D n Chi tit
NIP
i tc thc hin d n cp trung ng
DVP
Phng trnh bo hnh gia nh
ODA
H tr Pht trin Chnh thc
FP
K hoch ha gia nh (KHHG)
OP
K hoch Mt LHQ
GBV
Bo hnh gii
PCSA
y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi
GDP
Tng Sn phm Quc ni
PD
Dn s v Pht trin
GNI
Tng Thu nhp Quc gia
PPP
Sc mua tng ng
GSO
Tng cc thng k
RH
Sc khe Sinh sn (SKSS)
HDI
Ch s Pht trin Con ngi
SEDP
Chin lc Pht trin Kinh t - X hi
HIV
Vi rt suy gim min dch ngi
SRB
T sut gii khi sinh
HPPMG
Hng dn Qun l D n v Chng trnh
SRH
Sc khe Sinh sn v Tnh dc (SKSS v TD)
ICDS
iu tra Nhn khu hc gia k
TOR
iu khon Tham chiu
ICPD
Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin
UNFPA
Qu Dn s Lin hp quc
MDC
Quc gia pht trin hn
WTO
T chc Thng mi Th gii
MIC
Quc gia c thu nhp trung bnh
Danh sch cc biu

Hnh 1: Bn Vit Nam v cc tnh thc hin d n ca UNFPA .......................................................... 11
Hnh 4: nh hng Chin lc ca Vn phng UNFPA nm 2012 ........................................................ 32
Hnh 5: Phng thc UNFPA ku gi s tham gia ca cc quc gia theo tng mc .......................... 33
Hnh 6: Tng quan v Ngn sch v Gii ngn ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, giai on 2012-2015
.......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Hnh 7: Gii ngn ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong nm 2014 theo u ra .............................. 38
Hnh 8: Ngn sch ca Chng trnh Quc gia theo ni dung chng trnh .......................................... 39
Hnh 9: So snh Ngn sch gia cc ni dung trong Chng trnh Quc gia, giai on 2012-2015 ......... 39
Hnh 10: Chui kt qu ca Chng trnh Quc gia ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ....................... 41
Hnh 12: Cc lin kt gia Kt lun v Khuyn ngh .............................................................................. 85
Danh sch cc bng

Bng 1: Gii thch v cc Tiu ch nh gi ............................................................................................17
Bng 2: S tin b ca Vit nam hng ti Mc tiu Pht trin Thin Nin K...................................... 25
Bng 3: Kt qu mong i t Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA ......................................................... 34
Bng 4: Cc cu phn ca Chng trnh Quc gia ................................................................................ 36
Bng 5: Thnh tu ca Chng trnh Chung xt theo cc ch s (Vn phng i din UNFPA t nh gi)
.......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Li cm n
Nhm nh gi xin cm n cn b v nhn vin Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v vn phng UNFPA tr
s chnh h tr thc hin nh gi ny. Cm n ng Nguyn Xun Hng, Cn b Chng trnh, Vn
phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam (Qun l da vo kt qu, Gim st, phi hp) phi hp v gim st tng
th cuc nh gi ny, v B Ritsu Nacken, quyn Trng i din lm thi, vn phng UNFPA, c
nhng hng dn v h tr chin lc. Valeria Carou-Jones, Chuyn gia nh gi, Vn phng nh gi
ca UNFPA v Franciscus Noij, Chuyn gia v Gim st v nh gi ca vn phng UNFPA Khu vc Chu
Thi Bnh Dng v nhng ng gp k thut. Cm n ch Nguyn Thy Nga, Tr l Chng trnh, vi
nhng h tr v hu cn tuyt vi. Cm n cc nhm chng trnh ca vn phng UNFPA thc s tham
gia v h tr cuc nh gi thng qua cc cuc tham vn c nhn, cung cp ti liu tham kho v gp
vo bn bo co s tho.
Cm n cc i din m Nhm nh gi gp g ti cp trung ng v cp tnh u rt sn lng dnh thi
gian v chia s cc kin c th. c bit l i din ca B K hoch v u t tham gia trong qu
trnh nh gi v c nhng h tr qu bu. Cm n cc bn i tc khc ca UNFPA t cc t chc
Lin hp quc, nh ti tr, i tc hoc t cc khu vc khc u dnh thi gian v chia s kin
trong sut qu trnh nh gi.
Ngoi ra, nhm nh gi xin chn thnh cm n Nhm T vn nh gi ng gp vo khung bo co
v cc bn tho ca bo co nh gi ny.
Bn bo co ny c ch Hong Bch Thy dch sang ting Vit.
Jo Kaybryn, Bs. Phan Bch Thy, Nguyn Th Hng Tho, Bi Th Thu Hng, Enrique Wedgwood Young
v Laura McCal
Tm tt chnh
Bi cnh
Bo co ny trnh by cc kt qu ca cuc nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 ca UNFPA ti Vit
Nam trong giai on 2012-2016. Chng trnh Quc gia c ba cu phn: Dn s v Pht trin; Bnh ng
Gii v Sc khe Sinh sn v Tnh dc.
Mc tiu v phm vi nh gi
Mc ch tng th ca cuc nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia (CPE) nhm nh gi trch nhim ca
UNFPA v c th l ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v tnh ph hp v qu trnh thc hin Chng
trnh Quc gia chu k 8 (CP8) trong thc t v bi cnh pht trin kinh t-x hi ang thay i nhanh
chng ca Vit Nam, trong khun kh nh hng ca K hoch Chin lc mi ca UNFPA (cho thi
gian sp ti); v cung cp bng chng thit k chng trnh mi ti Vit Nam.
Mc tiu c th ca cuc nh gi ny nhm c c mt nh gi c lp v tnh ph hp v tnh hnh
thc hin hot ng ca chu k 8 vi cc u ra v kt qu theo k hoch ng thi l mt phn thc
hin K hoch tng th Mt LHQ; nh gi v th ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong cng ng
pht trin v cc i tc trong nc v kh nng p ng cc nhu cu trong nc ng thi ng gp
qu bu vo mc ch v quy trnh pht trin ca c nc; rt ra bi hc kinh nghim t cc d n ang
c thc hin v d n kt thc v a ra cc xut hnh ng v chin lc thit k v thc
hin chu k tip theo.
Cuc nh gi nhm ti tt c cc hot ng ln k hoch v/hoc c thc hin tt c cc cu
phn, lnh vc m UNFPA h tr trong giai on c nh gi (thng 6/2012 thng 10/2015) bao
gm tt c cc hot ng d n vin tr v cc d n chung (phi hp gia UNFPA v cc c quan LHQ
khc).
Phng php
Cuc nh gi c cu trc da trn nn tng ca bn trong s nm chun mc nh gi ca Hi ng
H tr Pht trin ca T chc H tr Pht trin v Hp tc Kinh t (OECD DAC): Ph hp, Hiu qu, Hiu
sut v Bn vng. Ngoi ra cuc nh gi cng nhm ti thm hai tiu ch v Phi hp gia cc c quan
LHQ v Gi tr Gia tng.
Qu trnh thu thp d liu bao gm: r sot cc ti liu, chnh sch v chng trnh ca cc can thip/d
n chnh; phng vn bn cu trc vi cc bn c lin quan bao gm cc i tc thc hin d n; tho
lun nhm ti cng ng; v nh gi nhanh cc cn b, nhn vin ca UNFPA v cc gi nh v ri ro
chin lc. Qu trnh thu thp d liu c din ra ti H Ni v c tuyn x, tuyn huyn v tuyn
tnh ti hai tnh Qung Bnh v Bn Tre. Phng php kim tra cho c thc hin trong sut qu trnh
nh gi kim tra v lm r cc ngun thng tin.
Trong qu trnh nh gi, on nh gi cng gp phi cc tr ngi bao gm phng php v bi
cnh. Cc thch thc gm: d liu v qu trnh thc hin d n v theo di, gim st khng c lu ti
mt ni v cng khng c thu thp lin tc, tin trnh hot ng ca cc hot ng cng khng c
thu thp mt cch h thng cho d cng khng c ti liu ha theo mu bo co ca d n. S khc
bit trong thit k v thc hin chng trnh ti Vit Nam cng khc so vi ti cc quc gia khc bi v
6
bi cnh sng kin Quy v mt mi ca cc c quan LHQ, thi gian phn tch v vit bo co cng
ngn hn so vi cc cuc nh gi trc ca UNFPA nhm c kp cc kt qu ng gp vo qu
trnh lp k hoch ang c tin hnh cp quc gia.
Kt qu
Nhn chung, vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam rng h to ra c c s d liu ton quc v tin hnh
cc nghin cu xy dng nn cc u tin ca Chng trnh Quc gia. Chng trnh Quc gia c
chng minh l ng hng vi nhiu k hoch khung trong h thng UNFPA, cam kt quc t, cc t
chc LHQ ti Vit Nam v cp trung ng, v l mt thnh vin ch ng trong xy dng ni dung v
SKSS v tnh dc, dn s v cc vn v bo hnh gii. Cc ch ca chng trnh u ng hng
vi nhu cu ca nhn dn. Cch thc lm vic (trong bi cnh thc hin cc can thip) c tp trung
lm vic vi cc c quan chnh ph nh l cc i tc chnh thc hin d n. y l mt chin lc hp
l trong vic cng c cc c ch chnh (nh qun tr) p ng cc vn ph hp vi UNFPA, mc d
vn c nguy c l s c lp (hoc s c lp cm nhn c) ca UNFPA li c th bin mt. iu
quant rng i vi UNFPA l va duy tr cc mi quan h vi cc i tc pha chnh ph v va phi m
rng thm mi quan h vi nhiu i tc khc, c bit l cc t chc phi chnh ph nng cao nng
lc cho h v mi quan h ca h vi chnh ph.
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam lun tp trung vo cc ni dung nm trong li th so snh ca t chc
(SKSS v TD, Dn s v Bo hnh gii) nhng trong cc ni dung ny th cng gii quyt nhiu ni dung
v t c nhiu kt qu n tng. Thch thc chnh khi nh gi phm vi hiu qu ca Chng trnh
Quc gia l phm vi cng vic hon thnh v c lu nhiu ni (ti liu) v thng tin li xuyn
sut trong tt c cc ti liu ny. C mt s vn v cu trc trong c thit k chng trnh, cc cu
phn v h thng Gim st & nh gi. Thit k ca chng trnh rt cuc cng th hin bng cc d n
c thc hin, trong c phn gim st v bo co. Tuy nhin, gim st ch dng u ra ni chung
nn b l c hi o c tnh hiu qu ca can thip khi c thc hin v/hoc tin trin, v ni chung
c mt khong hng trong ti liu ha mt cch h thng cc hot ng ca chng trnh nm ngoi
nh dng ca d n. Nhn tng th, kh ln theo v xc nh cu chuyn thnh cng ca chng
trnh, cho d chng trnh quc gia t c kt qu ng k trong sut thi gian ca chu k ny.
cc a phng c sn v y s liu v dn s v pht trin th ni s liu c dng mt cch
hiu qu xy dng chnh sch v chin lc, nh vy c th ni rng Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
c khi u hiu qu trong vic thay i cch ghi nhn v s dng s liu ca cc nh hoch nh
chnh sch. Thu to v phn tch s liu l mt ni dung cng vic ca UNFPA c ghi nhn v nh gi
cao trn ton cu. Tuy nhin, vic cc bn c lin quan tr Tng cc thng k s dng s liu cha h
thng c bit l cc nh hoch nh chnh sch: phn nh bn cht lu di khi kt hp thay i ny
trong xy dng chnh sch.
Cc sng kin chnh sch SKSS v TD chng minh tnh hiu qu trong thc hin cch tip cn lng ghp
v a chiu, trong UNFPA ch trng nhiu vo ni dung SKSS v TD, v thnh nin, KHHHG v HIV, v
duy tr mi quan h hp tc vi cc bn i tc pha chnh ph. iu ny t UNFPA mt v tr chin
lc v ng gp vo vic tip tc xy dng v sa i chnh sch v mi trng chnh sch.
S h tr ng k ca cc bn c lin quan ng ph vi bo hnh gii, c th l bo hnh gia nh,
bnh ng gii, v mt cn bng gii khi sinh (cng l mt vn ca Dn s v Pht trin). Cc ng ph
c th hin trong cc cam kt ca quc gia. UNFPA cng th hin kh nng chuyn mn trong vic
gii quyt cc vn phc tp.
Hiu sut c UNFPA c nh gi bng chnh t l gii ngn, bn cnh vic o xem cc la chn ph
hp nht so vi quyt nh chi tiu nh th no, hiu sut cn c o lng qua vic UNFPA tc ng
huy ng t cc ngun lc khc. C cc ti liu minh chng cc h tr khc m Vn phng UNFPA ti
Vit Nam huy ng c v cng vi cc i tc pha chnh ph huy ng ngun lc ca chnh ph i
vi cc d n. Nu nhn vo h thng ni ti ca UNFPA, cc i tc chia s l c vn v tnh ton
thi gian, v nhn xt chung v phn vic ca UNFPA (v cc c quan LHQ khc) l c gng ht mc
ph hp cp quc gia nhng cng ch t c mc ti hn do c cu th ch ca mi c
quan LHQ.
UNFPA u t xy dng cc mi quan h i tc hiu qu vi cc i tc pha chnh ph v em li
kt qu l mt lot cc thay i v chnh sch v xy dng nng lc th ch c th em li tc ng lu
di. Tuy nhin, vn v tnh bn vng c v khng a lm trng tm trong qu trnh thit k Chng
trnh Quc gia, l qu trnh tn ti lu di trong cc chu k trc Vit Nam vi phng thc hot ng
tng t nhau.
Li th so snh ca UNFPA chnh l s h tr k thut, kh nng chuyn mn v cc lnh vc chuyn
trng tm c th l v s liu, v s sn sng v kh nng gii quyt cc vn phc tp v nhy cm.
S iu phi ni chung kh hiu qu bao gm c iu phi cc cp cao nh kt qu ca cch tip
cn chung trong K hoch Mt LHQ v chia s thi gian ca nhn vin (theo ni dung trng tm) theo
tha thn gia cc i tc LHQ. Tuy nhin c v cha tht s c c s hi ha do cc hn ch ca s
khc bit h thng gia cc c quan LHQ.
Bi hc kinh nghim
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam xc nh c cc khi phc tp ngy cng ln dn trong thc hin v
xy dng chnh sch v to nh hng ti xy dng chnh sch Vit Nam nh kt hp nhiu chin
lc. Thch thc trong vic thu hp khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin cha c hon thnh
mt cch tng th, vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam xy dng c mi quan h hp tc hiu qu vi
cc nh hoch nh chnh sch. y chnh l nhng ngi to ra c mt mi trng thun li xy
dng v/hoc chnh sa chnh sch.
Cc mong i v huy ng ngun lc cng cha t c kt qu nh mong i trong chu k ny v
cha p ng cc mong i ca cc bn i tc c lin quan. K hoch tham vng ca Chng trnh
Quc gia Chu k 8 mang li kt qu cha hon chnh thay v mt khung kt qu hoc cc tnh hung
trng hp khc c th iu chnh. Chng trnh Quc gia chu k tip theo c c hi thit k chin
lc tng th v cc cu phn trong chng trnh nhm to ra cc hot ng c tnh ni tip ln lt v
b sung cho nhau.
Mt s khuyn ngh t cuc nh gi Gia k trc vn cn c ngha v cn cp nht thm mt s
xut p ng vi bi cnh ang i thay: Xem li v nng cao k nng cho i ng cn b nhn
vin ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam vn cn c ch v qu trnh c th c b sung nh xem li
hoc xc nh vai tr v cc k nng c th c th thc hin lng ghp cc ni dung ca c quan. Bn
cnh vic gim bt mi quan h i tc kiu truyn thng (tc l d n cp kinh ph), Vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam nn cn nhc vic xc nh li cc loi hnh i tc v khi nim mi c th lm tng
vai tr c lin quan. Tn dng c hi hc hi t cc m hnh trong chu k 8 vn lun hu ch km theo
cch tip cn mang tnh phn tch hiu r c cc quy trnh (ch khng ch l cc kt qu v tc
ng). iu ny s gip xy dng cc chin lc thu hp khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin.
8
Vi bi cnh ngy cng thay i v tnh sn c ca cc ngun lc, iu quan trng hn bao gi ht l
mt cch chin lc phi hp v chuyn i c tham gia ca cc c quan LHQ khc v cc bn vn ng
chnh sch ch khng phi l cc phng thc cnh tranh ln nhau gia cc bn.
Kt lun chnh
UNFPA to lp v thc y mi quan h hp tc mnh m vi Chnh ph v mt s cc bn c lin
quan quan trng v chin lc; v to c v th tip tc m rng mi quan h i tc. iu c v
quan trng l UNFPA khuyn khch cc bn c lin quan tham gia nhiu hn mt phn bi v s cam kt
trn ton cu v hp tc vi cc t chc x hi, nhng cng bi v c hi Vit Nam v cc cch tip cn
sng to hn p ng cc nhu cu ca ngi dn. Bng cch ny, UNFPA s c vai tr trong vic kt
ni mi hp tc gia chnh ph v cc bn cung cp dch v (tim nng).
Cn phi tn dng cc c hi hc tp trong chu k ny xy dng cho chu k tip theo, c bit lin
quan n vic phn tch v hiu r cc khong hng gia chnh sch v thc hin. Cho d th no th
cch tip cn ca d n vn tip tc c a vo chu k tip theo, khi quan trng l tn dng cc
kinh nghim hin c. Mt s d n nng cao nng lc gip cho vic hc hi v nng cao k nng
thnh cng hn cc d n cn li; mt s m hnh c nhn rng v mt s khc th li khng. iu
quan trng i vi vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam l cng vi cc i tc phn tch cc l do thnh cng
cng nh nguyn nhn ca cc thch thc. Cc phn tch nh vy s rt c gi tr vi UNFPA v cc bn
i tc LHQ c lin quan ang thc hin cch tip cn tng t.
Nng cao nng lc l mt s u t ca UNFPA, cn phi chin lc hn vi cc kt qu mong mun,
bao gm phi hp vi cc bn khc cng c cc h tr v nng cao nng lc. Cch tip cn ca UNFPA
thng qua Mt K hoch trnh c trng lp vi cc c quan LHQ khc, nhng cng chnh l Mt
LHQ th cng c nhiu c hi p dng cch tip cn hp tc hn vi s chuyn giao cc k nng v kt
qu c c nng cao nng lc ton din hn.
Chin lc gim st v nh gi cn c cp nht c c nhiu hot ng khc nhau lin quan
n vn ng chnh sch v to nh hng. Vi h thng gim st hin ti c v kh khn trong vic
gim st cc hot ng ngoi khun kh ca d n, bi v cc hot ng thng khng nm hn
trong cc d n m cn bi v cc hot ng hay lp li hn (v d nh cc i thoi hoc cc i tc
ang tip tc) hoc c vn thch thc vi gim st mang tnh xy dng bi v tc ng lan ta ca
chng ta v d nh cc chin dch truyn thng. y chnh l cc khong hng trong vic ti liu ha cc
cu truyn thnh cng, tin v bc tip theo ca cc chin lc khng thuc d n mt cch r
rng.
UNFPA nh v c v chuyn mn mt s lnh vc, th hin s ng gp i vi Vit Nam, v d
nh thu to v s dng bng chng v s liu xy dng chnh sch, v trong vic gii quyt vn
nhy cm v phc tp nh gii tnh khi sinh. UNFPA cng ang tip tc vi mt s cc ni dung trng
tm v ph hp khc v d nh cc nhu cu ca dn tc thiu s. Trong bi cnh ca Vit Nam ang trn
t c cc Mc tiu Thin nin k, s liu tng hp v cc thnh tu khng lm r c s bt cn
bng gia i a s nhn dn vi cc nhm dn s d b tn thng, cha c quan tm v dn tc
thiu s. iu ny th hin tm quan trng ca vic cn thu thp bng chng v c c s liu c th
hn xc nh cc nhu cu c th ca cc nhm b y ra l x hi m chnh trong mi nhm, h cng
khng ng nht.
UNFPA cng ghi li tt c cc phng thc thc hin cn thit cho chng trnh chu k sau v cn tip
tc nng cao k nng v kinh nghim trong cc ni dung ny duy tr kh nng ng gp hiu qu
trong bi cnh ca Vit Nam.
xut chnh
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn lp k hoch v phi hp vi cc i tc c lin quan

gii quyt khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin: cc thch thc nhiu ni dung a chiu
bao gm: cc vn v h thng theo ngnh dc v theo ngnh ngang, thiu ht nng lc v
ngun lc; cc nt tht; v khong cch ng k trong c s h tng lin quan ti cung cp dch
v i hi phi c s u t lu di ca cc khu vc khc nhau. UNFPA cn r sot li k hoch
chin lc v hot ng cng vi cc i tc LHQ khc xem xt phng php tip cn ton
ngnh cn thit gii quyt khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin bao gm lm vic vi
c quan Chnh ph, cc i tc LHQ, cc nh ti tr v tt c cc i tc pht trin.
m bo lm r cch tip cn v mc ch ca chng trnh chu k tip theo: Vn phng

UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn xem li v xc nh r phng thc hot ng c cc i tc mong
i trong chng trnh chu k ti c ngha nh th no trong thc tin bi cnh ca Vit
Nam. iu ny ghi nhn mt cch r rng rng chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA cn c b
sung chnh sa theo bi cnh ca quc gia s ti, cc khi nim, hot ng, gi nh v nguy c
u cn c cn nhc v suy ngh thu o da trn cc hon cnh thc tin.
Xem li cch tip cn v gim st: UNFPA cn u t xem li cch tip cn hon thnh
cc kt qu khi cc hot ng khng cn tip cn theo cch da vo cc d n. ng thi, cn
nhc li cch tip cn gim st trong bi cnh Vit Nam v thc t UNFPA ch trng hn vo
i thoi chnh sch, v iu c ngha nh th no i vi vic o lng cc ch s v kt
qu thay v o lng u ra.
Duy tr v tip tc cc mng ni dung k thut trng tm, quan trng v ph hp: UNFPA nn
tip tc trn nn tng th mnh k thut sn c lin quan n gii quyt cc ni dung nhy cm
v phc tp m cc t chc v c quan khc cha c nng lc thc hin nh mt cn
bng gii tnh khi sinh, SKSS v TD cho v thnh nin. UNFPA cng c th pht trin trn nn
tng cc th mnh so snh nh s liu bin ng dn s.
M rng tm nh hng v xy dng chin lc hoc hp tc i tc: UNFPA c v th vng

vng trong vic hi ha mc tiu ca t chc vi nhu cu pht trin ca quc gia, v v th
mang li quan im nhiu chiu v cc nhu cu mi ni/hoc cha c khai thc (c bit
cc vng c s khc bit) to nh hng v chnh sch. T vic xc nh nhu cu v cc
i tc cng cn c a dng v m rng, v cng kt hp vi nhm cc i tc ln hn c
c cc ng gp theo tng mc tiu ch .
Xy dng tm nhn lu di v nh gi lp k hoch trung hn: UNFPA nn cn nhc lp k

hoch chin lc vi tm nhn lu di hn ph hp vi con ng pht trin ca Vit Nam,
nhm xy dng cc bc trung hn u tin cho chu k ti. Nu tng tng mt tng li di
lu hn khi khng cn cn c UNFPA, khi c th bt u xc nh c hin ti UNFPA c
th u t g vo th ch, t chc v chc nng c c nng lc bn vng lu di cho
tng lai.
10
Bn Vit Nam vi cc tnh ang c cc can thip ca

UNFPA
Hnh 1: Bn Vit Nam v cc tnh thc hin d n ca UNFPA
11
Vit Nam: Cc thng tin v s liu chnh

a l v Nhn khu hc
V tr:
ng Nam ; gip vi Trung Quc pha Bc, Lo v Campuchia

pha Ty v bin ng pha ng.
Dn s:
90,730,000 (2014)[1]
T l pht trin dn d hng nm:
1,1% (2014)[2]
Dn s nng thn:
67% (2014)[3]
Chnh tr v Chnh ph
Chnh ph:
X hi ch ngha; quc gia mt ng
T l ph n trong cc c quan lp php:
24%[4]
Mt s s kin lch s chnh:
1945-1954: Chin tranh ginh c lp t thuc a ca Php chin thng qun Php v chia ct t nc
thnh hai min Nam Bc.
1955-1975: Khng chin chng M: Xung t ko di gia Cng sn min Bc Vit Nam v min Nam Vit
Nam/Hoa k. Cc im l Qun M b thua trn v rt v nc vo nm 1975.
1976: Thng nht hai min Nam Bc Vit Nam. Tuyn b nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam.
1986: Nguyn Vn Linh tr thnh Tng b th v tin hnh ci cch kinh t.
2007: Vit Nam gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii WTO
2010: Vit Nam t thnh tu trong Mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k
Kinh t
Tng Thu nhp Quc gia tnh theo u
ngi (Sc Mua Tng ng):
$5.350 (2014) [5]
T l tng trng Tng sn phm Quc

ni hng nm:
6% (2014) [6]
Cng nghip chnh:
Ch bin thc phn, dt may, giy dp, lp rp my mc, than ,

thp, xi mng, phn ha hc, knh, lp cao su, du m v in thoi
di ng [7]
Ch s X hi
Ch s Pht trin Con ngi:
0,638 (Pht trin Con ngi mc trung bnh) [8]
Xp hng Ch s Pht trin Con ngi:
121/187 [8]
T l tht nghip:
2,0% (2013) [9]
12
Tui th khi sinh:
76 (2013) [10]
T l t vong tr di 5 tui:
19,7 trong 1.000 ca sinh sng (2013) [11]
T l T vong M:
60 trong 100.000 ca sinh sng (2014) [13]
Chi ph Y t (t l trong Tng Sn phm

Quc ni):
6,0% (2013) [14]
S ca sinh c h tr bi nhn vin y t

c nng lc (t l trong tng s):
93% (2014) [15]
T sut sinh v thnh nin (ca sinh trong

1.000 ph n tui t 15-19):
45% (2014) [16] [17]
T l s dng bin php trnh thai (t l

ph n tui t 15-49):
75,7% (2014) [18]
Khng p ng nhu cu v trnh thai (t

l ph n lp gia nh tui t 15-49):
6,1% (2014) [19]
T l nhim HIV, ph n (t l tui t 1524):
0,2% (2014) [20]
T l nhim HIV, nam gii (t l tui t

15-24):
0,3% (2014) [21]
Tin b hng ti cc Mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k [13]

Mc tiu
Tin
1: Xa i v gim ngho
T l ngho gim (2,44%), t l i cng kh thp (11,0%).
2: Hon thnh ph cp gio dc tiu hc
T l ti trng cao (98,1%)
3: Ci thin bnh ng gii v tng quyn

nng cho ngi ph n
Bnh ng gia b gi v b trai trong gio dc tiu hc

T l n cao trong khi lao ng c tr lng khu vc phi
nng nghip
i din n trong quc hi kh cao
4: Gim t vong tr
T l t vong tr thp
5: Nng cao sc khe b m
T l t vong m thp
Tip cn d dng ti SKSS
6: Phng chng HIV/AIDS, St rt v cc

bnh tt khc
T l nhim HIV thp (0.03%)

T l t vong trung bnh
7: m bo bn vng v mi trng
Mt rng bao ph cao

T l dn s dng ngun nc sch tng cao (97,6%)
T l dn s dng nh/thit b v sinh c ci thin (78%)
T l ngi sng trong khu chut mc trung bnh (27,2%)
8: Xy dng i tc ton cu pht trin
T l s dng internet cao (48,3 ngi s dng trn 100 dn)
13
1. Gii thiu
1.1. Mc ch v mc tiu ca cuc nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia
Theo chnh sch nh gi ca Qu Dn s Lin Hp Quc (UNPFA) (2003), cc chng trnh quc gia phi
c nh gi t nht mt ln trong mi hai chu k.[21] Trong bi cnh ca Delivering as One (Quy v
mt mi (DaO) 1, theo quy trnh nh gi ca chng trnh quc gia, UNPFA khng thc hin nh gi
cho n chu k th by (2006-2011),[22] v UNPFA tin hnh nh gi chng trnh h tr trong chu k
th 8, vo nm 2015. nh gi Gia k cng c tin hnh cho chu k 7 [23] v chu k 8 [24].
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ang thc hin chng trnh quc gia th 8 (CP8) trong vng nm nm
(2012- 2016). Cuc nh gi ny c thc hin vo thi im cui ca chu k. Mc ch ca cuc nh
gi nhm:
Tm hiu trch nhim ca UNFPA v Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong qu trnh thc hin
Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 (CP8) trong mi trng kinh t-x hi ang bin i khng
ngng v thc tin ca Vit Nam, trong khun kh k hoch chin lc sp cng b ca
UNPFA; v
Tm kim cc bng chng cho vic thit k mt chng trnh quc gia mi ti Vit Nam.
c gi chnh v ngi s dng bo co nh gi ny l nhng ngi ra quyt nh UNFPA, Vn phng

ti Vit Nam, Vn phng UNFPA Khu vc Chu Thi Bnh dng, cc vn phng ti cc quc gia khc,
cc phng ban ti vn phng UNFPA tr s chnh, Ban iu hnh, cc i tc pha chnh ph, cc i tc
thc hin d n ti cp trung ng, cc t chc x hi dn s, cng nh cc i tc pht trin khc (nh
cc t chc LHQ v cc nh ti tr) ti Vit Nam.
Mc tiu cn t c ca vic nh gi chng trnh quc gia (CTQG) l:
Cung cp mt nh gi c lp ca s ph hp v tnh hnh thc hin CTQG chu k 8 so vi u

ra v kt qu t ra nh mt phn ca vic thc hin bn Mt K hoch tng th;
nh gi v th ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong cng ng pht trin v cc i tc

trong nc v kh nng p ng cc nhu cu trong nc ng thi ng gp gi tr vo mc
ch v quy trnh pht trin ca c nc;
Rt ra bi hc kinh nghim t cc d n hin ti v d n kt thc v a ra cc xut

hnh ng v chin lc thit k v thc hin chu k tip theo. [23]
Vit Nam l mt quc gia m Lin Hp Quc ang c gng Quy v mt mi. iu c ngha l H thng Lin Hp Quc nn Quy v Mt
mi trn phm vi quc gia, vi mt lnh o, mt chng trnh, mt ngn sch v, nu ph hp, mt vn phng duy nht c Tng Th k
ngh vo thng 11 nm 2006 trong hi ngh cp cao v H thng Lin hp Quc M rng trong cc lnh vc Pht trin, H tr Nhn o v
Mi trng, tip sau Vn bn kt qu ca Cuc hp Th gii Cp cao nm 2005 (Ngh quyt i hi ng A/60/1) trong cc Quc gia Thnh
vin xut thc hin cc ci cch hot ng pht trin nhm ti s hin din ca cc Vn phng Lip Hp Quc ti mi quc gia mt cch
hiu qu hn, hiu sut cao hn, gn kt hn, phi hp tt hn v thc hin hot ng tt hn.
14
Mc d khng phi l mt mc tiu r rng c xy dng vo thi im thit k nh gi (c ngha l:

khng c trong iu khon tham chiu), mt vn quan trng ny sinh trong khi nh gi c lin quan
n hiu v lt t khong hng gia chnh sch v thc thi chnh sch. iu ny c nhc i nhc li
trong cc cuc gp vi vn phng UNFPA v cc i tc c lin quan v tr thnh mt ch ng ghi
ch trong hon cnh thc hin cc d n ca UNFPA ti Vit Nam. iu ny khng ch c nu bi cc
c quan chnh ph, phi chnh ph, cc i tc pht trin k c cc c quan LHQ. Do vy, ni dung ny
c khai trin trong cc kt qu nh gi v trong phn khuyn ngh cng nu c th v vn ny.
1.2. Phm vi nh gi
Cuc nh gi ny xem xt tt c cc hot ng c ln k hoch v/hoc c tin hnh tt c cc
quc gia m UNPFA h tr trong thi gian cn c nh gi (6/2012 10/2015) bao gm cc hot
ng vin tr v cc chng trnh hp tc gia UNPFA v cc c quan LHQ khc. Chng trnh h tr
ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam thc hin trong ba cu phn sau:
Sc khe tnh dc v sinh sn
Bnh ng gii
Dn s v pht trin
Cc hot ng c ln k hoch v c thc hin u c trong bn k hoch hot ng ca 11 d n

v hai d n chung vi UNICEF. 2 Bn cnh cc nh gi tc ng nh d tnh trc ca chng trnh
quc gia, cuc nh gi ny cng nhm xc nh cc tc ng khng c d tnh trc. Vi phm vi a
l ca nh gi, cuc nh gi ch tm hiu cc h tr ca UNFPA ti cp trung ng v cc tuyn di.
Cuc nh gi cng tm hiu cc can thip c cp kinh ph t d n v cc ngun khc.
1.3. Phng php v qu trnh nh gi

Phng php nh gi da trn cc hng dn trong cun S tay nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia ca
UNFPA gm cc cng c, ti liu tham kho v cc mu s dng trong sut qu trnh nh gi [26].
Qu trnh nh gi bt u t thng 7/2015 n thng 1/2016 qua nm giai on nh sau:
Giai on 1
Giai on 2
Giai on 3
Giai on 4
Giai on 5
Chun b
Thit k
Thu thp v phn

tch d liu
Vit bo co
iu chnh ni
dung, chia s bo
co v theo di
tip theo
7/2015
8-9/2015
10-11/2015
11-12/2015
1/2016
Su d n u l mi ca UNFPA (B Lao ng v Thng binh X hi (MOLISA), B Vn ha th thao v du lch (MOCST), B Ni v (MOHA),

y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi, tnh Hi Dng v Qung Bnh). Bn d n chung vi cc cc c quan LHQ khc (Tnh Ninh Thun v
Kon Tum cng vi UNICEF; y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi cng vi Ph n Lin Hp Quc; v Tng Cc Thng k cng vi
UNHABITAT).
15
Giai on 1: Chun b
Trc khi c s tham gia ca Nhm nh gi c lp, UNFPA tin hnh giai on u tin - Chun b.
i vi cc cuc nh gi chng trnh quc gia, thng thng trong Giai on Chun b thng c
chuyn i nh gi nhanh ca Nhm nh gi nhng trong phm vi cuc nh gi ny th khng thc
hin do hn ch v thi gian v ti chnh.
Giai on 2: Thit k
Trong Giai on Thit k (7 thng 8 n 4/9/2015), Nhm nh gi xin kin ca cc cn b ch cht
ca UNFPA, bao gm Qun l nh gi v i din trng, v tham d mt bui nh hng ca Qun l
nh gi. Cng trong thi gian ny, cc thnh vin ca nhm nh gi cng gp g vi cc cn b
chng trnh. Tip theo , Qun l nh gi cng gii thiu s lc v h thng theo di, gim st
qun l trn mng cho hai thnh vin ca nhm nh gi. Trong Giai on Thit k, nhm nh gi cng
tin hnh r sot cc vn bn, ti liu (ti liu chng trnh v bi cnh), p dng cc cng c bng biu
theo cu trc, cng c thu thp v phn tch d liu theo cu trc thit k trc.
Giai on 3: Thu thp v phn tch d liu
Giai on 3 bao gm hai phn chnh gm t ngy 12 thng 10 n ngy 6 thng 11 nm 2015. Nhm
nh gi tin hnh r sot li cc vn bn, ti liu cho UNFPA cng cp v cc ti liu tm hiu c
trong giai on thit k. Phn hai gm thu thp d liu ti cc im nghin cu Vit Nam. Trc tin,
Nhm nh gi hp vi vn phng UNFPA ti H Ni, v tip theo l n lm vic ti tnh Qung Bnh v
Bn Tre. Giai on thu thp d liu thc hin chnh trong khong thi gian t ngy 12/10 n ngy
6/11. Giai on ny bao gm mt tun r sot k lng v phng vn s b trn Skype (v gp mt
phng vn khi c th v cn thit), hai tun thu thp d liu H Ni v ti hai tnh (t ngy 19 n ny
30/10) v tip theo l mt tun, t ngy 2-6/11, tip tc cc cng vic tn ng. Nhm nh gi cng
hp s kt vi cc bn c lin quan v chia s cng nh tho lun v kt qu ban u.
Giai on 4: Bo co
Giai on bn bao gm phn tch v tip tc cc cng vic cn li vi cn b ca UNFPA khi cn (trn th
in t v qua Skype); v s tho bo co. Cc kt qu chnh ca bo co cng c chia s v trnh by
ti cc bn c lin quan ca UNFPA bao gm cc i tc pha chnh ph vo ngy 10/11/2015. Bn tho
u tin ca bo co c trnh ti UNFPA ngy 12/11/2015. T 30/11 n 10/12 l thi gian xin kin
gp ca UNFPA v cc bn c lin quan. Bn bo co cui cng hon thnh vo ngy 15/12/2015.
Giai on 5: iu chnh ni dung, chia s bo co v theo di tip theo
Giai on cui ny, UNFPA s chia s bo co nh gi ti cc bn c lin quan ly kin v cc
xut, chun b cc ni dung iu chnh ph hp, r sot m bo cht lng bo co, v gi bo co
nh gi rng ri.
1.4. Tiu ch nh gi v cu hi nh gi
Cuc nh gi ny da trn bn trong nm tiu chun nh gi ca Hi ng H tr Pht trin ca T
chc H tr Pht trin v Hp tc Kinh t (OECD DAC): Ph hp, Hiu qu, Hiu sut v Bn vng.
16
Bng 1: Gii thch v cc Tiu ch nh gi
Tiu ch
Gii thch trong nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia[27]
Ph hp
Nguyn tc v tnh ph hp thng c xem l thc s tng ng vi ph hp vi cc u

tin ca chnh ph nhng iu cng c th bao hm s ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngi dn
v c th trong ng cnh nh gi ny, cn ph hp vi quyn ca nhm dn s d b tn
thng. Vi mc ch ca nghin cu ny, UNFPA nh ngha tnh ph hp l: cc mc tiu
m Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 p ng c nhu cu ca ngi dn cp quc gia
c bit l cc nhm d b tn thng, v ng thi cng ph hp vi u tin ca chnh ph
xuyn sut trong c chng trnh v ph hp vi k hoch chin lc (SP) ca UNFPA.
Hiu qu
Trong phm vi nh gi chng trnh quc gia ny, UNFPA nh ngha s hiu qu nh sau: cc
u ra m Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 t c, v cc u ra ny ng gp t c
cc kt qu ca c Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 .
Hiu sut
L cc u ra v kt qu m Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 c c vi lng ngun lc ph

hp knh ph, chuyn gia, thi gian, chi ph hnh chnh, v.v.
Bn vng
c bit vi quc gia cho thu nhp trung bnh thp nh Vit Nam, iu ny c th c hm v
nh hng/vn ng chnh sch v vai tr kiu mu/th nghim i vi cc c quan, t chc
nh UNFPA. iu khon tham chiu cho nh gi ny nh ngha tnh bn vng l cc li ch t
cc can thip c UNFPA h tr kinh ph vn tip tc sau khi kt thc, hoc c kt ni, c
th l vn tip tc kin nhn trc cc ri ro khc.
Ngoi cc tiu ch chun v nh gi trn, cuc nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia ny cng yu cu c
thm hai tiu ch na:
S phi php vi cc c quan Lin Hp Quc (UNCT) (mc tch cc ca UNFPA khi l mt
thnh vin v ng gp vo c ch phi hp hin ti ca UNCT).
Gia tng gi tr (mc li ch m Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8 ng gp vo kt qu kt hp
vi cc can thip ca cc c quan pht trin khc)
Cc cu hi nh gi c nu trong iu khon Tham chiu ph hp vi tng tiu ch nh sau:
Ph hp
CU 1. Cc h tr ca UNFPA (i) p ng nh th no i vi nhu cu ca ngi dn; v (ii) c

ph hp vi cc u tin ca cc khung chnh sch quc gia hay khng?
CU 2. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c th p ng nh th no i vi nhng thay i ca

t nc v d nh thay i v nhu cu ca cc nhm dn s d b tn thng, v cc u tin
hoc do tnh hnh kinh t - x hi thay i nhanh chng?
Hiu qu
CU 3. Cc can thip cho UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc dn s v pht trin c hiu qu nh th

no trong vic cng c cc chnh sch quc gia thng qua lng ghp vi cc phn tch da vo
bng chng v bin ng dn s v lin kt vi cc ch tiu pht trin bn vng ca quc gia?
CU 4. Cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc SKSS v TD c hiu qu nh th no trong

vic p ng nhu cu ca ngi tr, cc vn v SKSS v TD, quyn sinh sn, KHHG v HIV
trong cc chnh sch quc gia c lin quan?
17
CU 5. Cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc gii c hiu qu nh th no trong vic

ci thin ng ph vi bo hnh gii v gia tng bnh ng gii?
CU 6. Chng trnh tng th ca UNFPA lng ghp gii v cch tip cn da trn quyn
nh th no?
Hiu sut
CU 7. Cc ngun lc (cng c ti chnh, khung quy nh hnh chnh, nhn vin, thi gian v
quy trnh) c s dng hiu qu nh th no trong vic t c cc kt qu mong i ca
chng trnh?
CU 8. Cc yu t no hn ch v thc y hon thnh c cc kt qu mong i?
Bn vng
CU 9. Cc thnh tu c c trong chu k ny lin quan n thit lp quan h i tc, nng

cao nng lc, lng ghp Chng trnh Quc gia vo qu trnh lp chng trnh ca quc gia v
cc i tc c duy tr bn vng nh th no?
S phi hp gia cc c quan Lip Hp Quc (UNCT)
CU 10. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ng gp nh th no vo vic to ra s phi hp

tt gia cc c quan LHQ, c bit trong quan im trnh chng cho?
Gia tng gi tr
CU 11. Th mnh so snh chnh ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam l g c th l so vi cc

c quan LHQ khc trong cc ni dung chng trnh?
1.5. Phng php v cng c dng trong thu thp v phn tch s liu
Nhm nh gi s dng cc phng php sau thu thp d liu trong cc giai on ca cuc nh gi:
r sot vn bn, ti liu; phng vn su bn cu trc, thm thc a, tho lun nhm, v nhm tp trung.
Kim tra cho cc ngun thng tin c thc hin trong sut qu trnh nh gi so snh v i chiu
kt qu.
R sot vn bn, ti liu
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cho php nhm nh gi tip cn ti mi vn bn, ti liu bao gm
cc ti liu ca chng trnh, Khung d n chi tit (DPO), K hoch hot ng hng nm (AWP), Bo co
nm ca d n, Bo co nm ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam (COARs), Bo co nh gi nhanh v
tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin(ASPD), Bo co nh gi gia k ca Chu k 8, d liu Atlas v cc can
thip c cp kinh ph v chi tiu thc t, bo co hot ng, xut chng trnh chung, nh gi,
bo co kim ton, cc nghin cu v nh gi nhu cu c lin quan, bo co theo di, gim st cng
nh cc bn tha thun c cc i tc k. Tng s, vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam chia s 370
vn bn, ti liu vi Nhm nh gi. Nhm nh gi xp u tin khong 50 vn bn v ti liu nghin
cu su mt cch c h thng, nhng tham chiu tt c cc vn bn trong sut Giai on thu thp v
phn tch d liu xc nh cc bng chng.
18
L do thc hin R sot vn bn, ti liu: Phn r sot vn bn, ti liu ng vai tr quan trng. Qua ,
nhm nh gi c c s hiu bit chnh xc v phm vi cch tip cn ca UNFPA v bi cnh hot
ng. Nhm nh gi c c hi ghi nhn li cc bng chng mi lc, mi ni. iu quan trng hn l
trong qu trnh nh gi, nhm nh gi cng c c hi nh gi mc tip cn ti ngun d liu v
bng chng v t xc nh c cc ni dung chnh cn hi thm chi tit.
Hn ch v thin lch: Thng thng r sot ti liu s gip nm r c i tng/ch cn nh
gi, tuy nhin kt qu li ph thuc vo cht lng ca cc ti liu sn c v s lng cc ti liu ph
hp, c lin quan c th r sot c trong mt khong thi gian cn thit. Nh chia s trn, nhm
nh gi u tin r sot mt cch h thng khong 50 ti liu tuy nhin cc ti liu v ngun tham kho
th nhiu hn nh vy rt nhiu. Trong qu trnh nh gi, nhm nh gi cng c thm nhiu ti liu do
UNFPA cung cp v t tham kho. C tng s khong 400 ti liu c chia s vi nhm nh gi, tuy
nhin nhm khng th r sot hoc phn tch cch tng th tt c cc ti liu ny. Nhm nh gi cng
ghi ch hoc trch dn c th cc trng hp nh vy trong ni dung bo co ny.
Phng vn bn cu trc
Trong Giai on thu thp d liu ti thc a, cc nh gi vin tin hnh phng vn su bn cu trc vi
cc bn c lin quan bao gm i din ca cc B, cc c quan LHQ, cc nh ti tr, cc t chc phi
chnh ph. Cc cuc phng vn ny c tin hnh ti cp trung ng v cc tuyn di (tnh, huyn,
x) trong mt s d n.
L do: phng vn bn cu trc thng c p dng mt cch tt nht trong cc tnh hung ngi
phng vn c c hi gp vi i tng v c nhiu thnh vin ca nhm nh gi mun tham d cuc
phng vn . Hng dn hay cn gi l bng hi phng vn gip cho phng php phng vn c
nht qun trong cc thnh nin nhm nh gi v l bn hng dn cc ni dung thit thc cn cp
trong mi cuc phng vn (v cng m bo s nht qun trong tt c cc cuc phng vn). Ngoi ra,
phng php phng vn bn cu trc cng cho php s dng cc cu hi m to iu kin cho cc
i tng c phng vn chia s cc ni dung quan trng nht v ph hp nht i vi c nhn .
Hng dn phng vn bn cu trc cng c c cc ch dn r rng cho phng vn vin nhm c c s
liu nh tnh c th tin cy c v so snh c.
Hn ch v thin lch: Hn ch bit trc ca phng php ny l ph thuc vo k nng ca phng vn
vin, gip h c c hi hi cc cu hi khai thc thm tng ng. Kt qu ca qu trnh phng vn chnh
l kin ch quan ca ngi c phng vn, v do vy, nhm nh gi cn cn nhc thng tin no c
th c lm r hn t cc ngun khc, v thng tin no ch i din cho mt nhm nh.
Phng vn c nhn v Tho lun nhm tp trung
Ti thc a, cc bn lin quan ca d n bao gm lnh o a phng, gio vin, cn b y t, khu vc
t nhn nh dc s v cc i din nhn dn. Cc cuc hp c t chc dng tho lun nhm tp
trung v phng vn c nhn.
L do: Tho lun nhm nhm mang li khng kh c s a dng ca nhm khuyn khch s trao i
trong nhm cc thnh vin tham gia.
Hn ch v thin lch: Tho lun nhm i hi k nng c th ca ngi iu hnh tho lun nhm, v
d nh c th iu hnh nhng khng ln n khng kh tho lun, v xy dng c nim tin ca cc
thnh vin tt c c th tham gia tho lun m khng cm thy b p lc. Trong qu trnh nh gi
19
ny, c mt s tnh hung khi tho lun v cc ni dung nhy cm vi ngi trc tip nhn dch v l
khch hng/bnh nhn v ngi cung cp dch v. Trong c hai tnh hung ny, hai ngi trong nhm
nh gi ph trch tho lun vi mt nhm ngi cung cp dch v v mt thnh vin nhm nh gi
lm vic ring vi khch hng. Trong mt vi tnh hung khc th phng php ny khng thnh cng
lm v cc i tc c lin quan ti im d n cng hp li thnh mt nhm v c c ngi cung cp dch
v trong nhm ny. Khi , ngi iu hnh tho lun nhm khng th ni ngi cung cp dch v
khng tham gia tho lun v v th h iu hnh cuc tho lun nhm tht t nh sao cho cuc trao i
tp trung vo d n ni chung ch khng nhn mnh n cc l do c th m ngi khch hng n vi
c s y t. iu ny khin cho cn b nh gi khng hi lng v cuc tr chuyn li tr thnh tho lun
cc vn c nhn ch khng phi v bn thn ngi cung cp dch v. V o c nghin cu th cch
thc hin ny khng ph hp nhng theo vn ha vng min th li chp nhn c.
Tho lun nhm c thc hin khi nhm nh gi i thc a ti cc tnh d n. C hai tnh c chn
da trn mt s cc yu t ch khng phi chn ngu nhin. Mt s tnh khc khng c a vo
danh sch nh gi v h cng va phi tham d cc cuc nh gi khc, v mt s khc li va tham gia
vo cuc nh gia k ca UNFPA. UNFPA cng thng tho vi chnh ph v cc tnh nn c a
vo nh gi ny. Cc tnh c la chn cho nh gi ny c cc c im khc nhau (mt tnh ang
thc hin chu k th hai vi UNFPA, v tnh kia ang l chu k u tin). V vy, mc d nhm nh gi
khng tc ng g n s chn tnh tham gia nh gi, hai tnh ny cng vn c th mang li s khc bit
v cng thng bng cn cn nh gi.
Phng vn su v Nhm tp trung (tng s l 110 ngi)
Phng vn su
Cc cn b ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
18
Cc i tc thc hin d n cp trung ng
23
Cc i tc thc hin d n tuyn tnh
9 (Bn Tre)
7 (Qung Bnh)
Cc i tc thc hin d n tuyn huyn
6 (Bn Tre)
6 (Qung Bnh)
Lnh o ca cc c quan LHQ/i din v thnh vin ca nhm cc

c quan LHQ
12
Nh ti tr
Cc t chc phi chnh ph
Chuyn gia c lp
i din t cng ng ti tnh Bn Tre
2
90
Tho lun nhm tp trung

Nhm cng ng ti Bn Tre
Nhm nhn vin y t ti Bn Tre
4
20
Nhm tnh nguyn vin ti Bn Tre
Lnh o a phng, khu vc t nhn v cn b thc hin d n ti

Qung Bnh
7
20
iu tra cng cn b ca UNFPA

Trong qu trnh thu thp d liu, cc nh gi vin nhn thy thiu cc ni dung v phng thc hot
ng ca UNFPA, c th l lin quan ti ri ro v gi nh trong l thuyt thay i ca K hoch Chin
lc ton cu. gii quyt tnh trng thiu d liu v ni dung ny, nhm nghin cu xy dng
phiu iu tra v cn b nhn vin ca UNFPA in nhm nh gi cm nhn ca h v mc ri ro
v gi nh c th c trong bi cnh hin ti ca quc gia.
Hn ch v thin lch: iu tra khng c ln k hoch t u m ny sinh nhu cu trong khi thu thp
s liu. V th c t kin tham kho t vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam. Bn thn cuc iu tra cng ch
hn ch v tp trung vo cc nguy c v gi nh ca chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA, v ch chnh sa t
ng v khi nim cho ph hp bi cnh ca Vit Nam c th lm cho d dng tip cn cc i tng
c nghin cu.
1.6. Hn ch v tr ngi
Phn ny m t cc hn ch v tr ngi m Nhm nh gi gp phi trong qu trnh thu thp v phn
tch d liu. Nhm nh gi cng nu chi tit cc bin php m nhm thc hin vt qua cc tr ngi
ny.
D liu theo di tin v tc ng va t va tn mt
D liu theo di, gim st c ghi li nhiu ni, gm cc Bo co d n hng nm, cc bo co nm
ca c vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, cc bo co nm ca Mt k hoch, cc bo co chuyn i gim
st v h thng gim st lu trn trang web. Vi ch mt trong cc bo co ny th kh c th phn nh
c tin ca cc d n theo th t. Theo di, gim st tin hon thnh mc tiu cng khng
theo nh dng cc bo co d n (v d nh vin tr v vn ng chnh sch) v khng c lu li mt
cch h thng. Phn ln cc ni dung ny c t hiu gia cc trng nhm v cc thnh vin. Quan
trng l, cc quyt nh thng khng c ghi chp ra mt cch cng khai, v iu c bit quan
trong khi c cc thay i lin quan ti mt d n no hoc hng thc hin ca hot ng hoc cc
k hoch. Kt qu l nhm nh gi khng d dng tip cn c ti cc cu truyn thnh cng ca
Chng trnh Quc gia v cc d n ti tnh. Nhn chung, h thng Theo di v nh gi ca UNFPA
dng nh thiu s linh hot p ng hn vi hon cnh c bit ca chng trnh quc gia so vi
h thng khc ca Vit Nam nh Quy v mt mi LHQ (Delivers as One UN).
Khng nu r cc bn c hng li theo mong i v thiu d liu u k
Mt vi d n l cc m hnh th nghim vi cc bn c hng li cng ng theo tc ng ca
hot ng, tuy nhin, bn hng li li chnh l i tc thc hin d n cc cp khc nhau (v d cp
trung tng, tnh v huyn). Tng t vy, cc d n khc nhm ti cc i tc tuyn trung ng li c
c mong i v kt qu v nng cao nng lc. Nhm nh gi khng c c cc d liu nh gi (bao
gm cc bo co tin hoc thng tin u k) v nng lc ca cc i tc thc hin d n v th nhm
21
nh gi khng th lng ha hoc nh tnh ha c tin hon thnh cc mc tiu v nng cao
nng lc.
Cc bn c lin quan c xc nh trong phm vi nh hp
UNFPA khi u xc nh cc bn c lin quan mt cch nh hp l cc i tc thc hin d n, ton b
l cc c quan nh nc pha Vit Nam (v nh ngha ny c p dng bi chnh cc c quan pha nh
nc [28]). nh ngha ny ph hp ni dung trong cun Ti liu/S tay/Hng dn nh gi Chng
trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA [26] . Theo quan im ca nhm nghin cu, trong qu trnh nh gi, nh
ngha ny lm hn ch phm vi r sot cc hot ng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong mi
tng quan vi c chng trnh ch khng ch n gin l tng hp ca cc d n. gim thiu hn
ch, sau khi tham kho kin ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, nhm nh gi xut danh sch
cc bn c lin quan a dng thnh vin hn tham gia vo nh gi ny.
S cnh tranh do yu cu ca cc nh gi khc nhau
Vo thi im tin hnh Cuc nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA, cng c cc nh gi v
nghin cu khc ti cc c quan LHQ cng nh cc i tc khc. iu ny chnh l mi lo ngi khng nh
v cc nghin cu u i hi thi gian v ngun lc ca cc bn ca lin quan, trong cng mt giai on
cc bn c lin quan s b bn bu mt cch bt thng, bn cnh nhm nh gi cng cn lo ngi
n cht lng ca cc cu tr li ca cc i din khi tham d vo cc nghin cu tng t nhau, c
th lm cho ngi tr li mt mi hoc b hi lp li thng tin.
Hn ch/Thch thc
Gii php nhm nh gi thc hin
D liu theo di, gim

st va t va tn mt
Bng nhiu cch, nhm nh gi c gng thu thp t nhiu ngun c

c bc tranh tng th v tin thc hin. Vi cc quyt nh khng
c ti liu ha, UNFPA cung cp thm cc ti liu gii thch v cc thay
i v kt qu chnh.
Khng nu r cc bn
c hng li theo
mong i v thiu d
liu u k
Do khng c d liu nh lng u k, cc thnh vin ca nhm nh

gi tm cc d liu nh tnh sn c v cc thng tin v cm nhn ca cc
bn c lin quan v nng lc v tc ng khi h hp tc vi UNFPA.
Cc bn c lin quan
c xc nh trong
phm vi nh hp
Cc thnh vin ca nhm nh gi tm n nhiu i tng hn bao gm

c cc t chc phi chnh ph v cc chuyn gia c lp. Ngoi ra, UNFPA
cng phi hp c th gp g v trao i vi cc t chc LHQ khc v
mt s nh ti tr.
S cnh tranh do yu
cu ca cc nh gi
khc nhau
Cc thnh vin ca nhm nh gi phi hp vi cc nhm ca hai nghin

cu chnh khc ang c thc hin cng lc vi nh gi ny (nh gi
Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNDP v nh gi Mt K hoch) gim bt
s chng cho v chia s d liu vi s cho php ca ngi tr li.
Nhng hn ch thuc phm tr hon cnh

Chng trnh quc gia UNFPA khng in hnh
22
UNFPA trong mt quc gia ang thc hin cch tip cn Quy v Mt Mi trong Giai on hai, c trng
trch a nhim v, c ngha l cc K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA (2011-2013 v 2014 - 2017) v Mt
K hoch ca Quy v Mt Mi cc t chc LHQ, v kt qu l khng c mt bn K hoch Hnh ng
Quc gia (CPAP) no. Thay v th, cam kt ca UNFPA li nm trong bn Mt K hoch v tng ng vi
cc mc ca u ra v kt qu ca Bn Mt K hoch v K hoch Chin lc. Mc chi tit v
tng quan vi cc bn k hoch khc nhau lm cho cc mc tiu cp quc gia ca UNFPA thiu r
rng khi so snh vi cc hng dn nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA v phng php chun.
Khung thi gian ca qu trnh nh gi
kp ng gp vo qu trnh lp k hoch ang tin hnh trong nc, thi gian dnh cho nh gi
thc s b eo hp, km theo vic chm ch trin khai thu thp d liu ti thc a, mc d vy cc giai
on tip sau v thi im np sn phm li khng thay i. iu c ngha l bn tho u tin ca
bo co nh gi c np ti Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ch trong vng cha n 10 ngy sau khi
hon thnh thu thp cc s liu chnh ti a phng. Nhn chung, cc giai on phn tch v bo co b
co ngn li khin cho kh thc hin phn tch tht y nh mong mun mt s ni dung ca chng
trnh. Khung thi gian dnh cho giai on phn tch v bo co ca nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia ny
khc xa vi cc nh gi khc, v d ba thng ri l thi gian dnh cho bn s tho u tin v bn s
tho ln hai trong nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia Th Nh K vo nm 2014 [29] v 10 thng l thi
gian tng hp trong nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia Lebanon (2013-2014) [30]. C mt s ti liu
rt thit thc li c chia s vi nhm nh gi qu tr trong qu trnh phn tch tng th v cht lc
thng tin (v d cc nguyn tc v l thuyt thay i i vi tng can thip ca mi cu phn chng
trnh), v ni dung ca cc ti liu ny c a vo phn ch gii cui trang v cc phn tham kho.
23
2. Bi cnh quc gia

2.1. Thch thc pht trin v chin lc quc gia
Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong giai on 2012-2016 cng ng thi vi bi cnh
quc gia pht trin nhanh chng, v c lm r trong bn iu khon Tham chiu ca cuc nh gi
ny. Vit Nam t mc l quc gia c thu nhp trung bnh thp (MIC) t nm 2010 v c nhiu tin
b cp quc gia trong vic hon thnh nhiu Mc tiu Pht trin Thin Nin k, vi nhng thay i
ng k c khi nhn mt s lnh vc, v d nh trong tip cn ti dch v y t, 3 gio dc, 4 v vic
lm. 5 Vit Nam ang i ng tin t c hoc t c phn ln cc Mc tiu Pht trin
Thin Nin k. Mc d s liu theo di, gim st vn tip tc l mt thch thc, Vit Nam vn c ly v
d l mt trong cc quc gia thc hin Chng trnh Chung v Gii t c nhiu bng chng thay i
cp quc gia vi cc s liu v ni dung bnh ng gii v Tng quyn nng cho ph n.[31]
Vit Nam vn ang tip tc i mt vi nhiu thch thc. Bt chp s pht trin kinh t nhanh chng
trn c nc, 17,2% dn s vn sng di mc ngho vo nm 2012,[32] v trong s cc dn tc thiu
s, th con s ngho vn mc cao hn nhiu so vi mc ngho trung bnh ca c nc ang mc
59.2% theo d liu ca nm 2012. 6 S bin ng dn s ngy cng thay i v bt bnh ng l cc ni
dung chnh trong vn pht trin. D liu sn c cho thy c bt bnh ng v gii v dn tc thiu s.
S liu v bo hnh gii cho thy c tng ln c chiu su v chiu rng v ch c mt t l nh ph n
tm n dch v y t v h tr x hi v t vn php l. Mt trong cc vn mi ni gn y l s gia
tng v mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh.
Khung chnh sch ca Vit Nam ch trng nhn mnh vo pht trin c th l thng qua tng cng
th ch trong qun tr quc gia v c s h tng cung cp dch v thng qua chin lc Pht trin Kinh t
- X hi (SEDP)[33] vi s u t ng k ca Chnh ph v cc ni dung SKSS v TD, k hoch ha gia
nh v gii p dn s. u t vo dch v v nng lc c thc hin ng thi vi vic to nn mng
cho cc vn bn quy phm v bnh ng gii kh tin b, th hin trong Chin lc Quc gia (20112020) v Chng trnh Quc gia v Bnh ng Gii (2011-2015). 7 iu cha r giai on ny l mc
cam kt ca chnh ph c a vo (hoc c l trnh t mc tiu) cc k hoch thc hin trong c
nc. Nm 2015 cng chng kin mt lot cc thay i phc hp vi cc mc tiu pht trin tm quc
t v quc gia vi cc sa i trong K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (ti hn vo cui nm 2015) v
cc ni dung mi ni v Mc tiu Pht trin Bn vng hin ang c tranh lun v hon thin hon
thnh Mc tiu Pht trin Thin Nin K.
3
V d, m bo tip cn d dng ti cc dch v d phng, iu tr, chm sc v h tr ngi c HIV, Ti liu Chng trnh Chung cho Vit
Nam, 2012-2016, DP/FPA/OPS-ICEF/CCPD/2011/VNM/1
4
T l tham gia thc vo bc tiu hc l 91.5% i vi em gi v 92.3% i vi em trai; T l tham gia thc vo trung hc c s l 82.6% i vi
em gi v 80.1% i vi em trai, v vi trung hc l 63.1% i vi em gi v 53.7% i vi em trai, theo bo co ca Chnh ph Vit Nam ti
UNDP (2010): Vit Nam i c hai phn ba qung ng hon thnh cc Mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k v tm nhn ti 2015, H
Ni, thng 7 nm 2010
5
T l tham gia vo lc lng lao ng l 73% i vi ph n so vi 82% i vi nam gii, theo bo co ca Chnh ph Vit Nam ti UNDP
(2010): Vit Nam i c hai phn ba qung ng hon thnh cc Mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k v tm nhn ti 2015, H Ni,
thng 7 nm 2010
6
m u s lng ngho i l 9.9 trong s h gia nh ngi Kinh v Hoa, v 59.2 l trong s cc h gia nh dn tc khc, iu tra mc
sng v h gia nh Vit Nam, 2012
7
Thay th cho Chin lc Quc gia v S tin b ca Ph n (2001-2010)
24
Theo Bo co Pht trin Con ngi, Vit Nam xp hng th 121 trn tng s 187 quc gia v Ch s
Pht trin Con ngi.[8] Trong tng s dn l 90.730.000 (2014)[1], th c 67% sng cc khu vc nng
thn [3] v t l tht nghip l 2% vo nm 2013.[9] Vit Nam ng th 48 trong tng s 148 nc xp
loi Ch s Bt bnh ng Gii nm 2012.[34]Chi ph cho y t Vit Nam chim 6,0% tng sn phm quc
ni (2013).[14] t l t vong tr di 5 tui l 22 trn 1,000 tr ra sng (2013)[11] v t l t vong m
l 67 trn tng s 100.000 ca sinh sng vo nm 2011.[12]
Theo dng lch s hin ti ca Vit Nam, hay ni chnh xc hn l ca nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha
Vit Nam, na sau ca th k 20 chng kin nhiu nhng xung t, bao gm Vit Nam ginh c lp
t tay thc dn Php vo nm 1945 v sau l t nc b chia hai min Nam, Bc (vo nm 1954).
Cuc xung t gia Vit Nam v M kt thc nm 1975 v thng nht t nc t nm 1976. T nm
2000, Vit Nam chng kin tc tng trng kinh t nhanh, gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii vo
nm 2007, v cng ng chung ASEAN v Hip nh Thng mi xuyn Thi bnh dng vo nm 2015.
Tng thu nhp quc dn tnh theo u ngi l $5.350 vo nm 2014[5], t l tng trng cng nm l
6% vi tng sn phm quc ni tnh trn u ngi t $2.052.3 vo nm 2014[6].
Bng phn tch bi cnh quc gia di y c tm lc t Bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht
trin Vit Nam (ASPD) m Nhm nh gi mi c chia s gn y.[35]
Bng 2: S tin b ca Vit nam hng ti Mc tiu Pht trin Thin Nin K
Mc tiu
Tin [19]
1: Xa i v gim ngho
T l ngho gim (2,44%), t l i cng kh thp (11,0%).
2: Hon thnh ph cp gio dc tiu hc
T l ti trng cao (98,1%)
3: Ci thin bnh ng gii v tng quyn

nng cho ngi ph n
Bnh ng gia b gi v b trai trong gio dc tiu hc

T l n cao trong khi lao ng c tr lng khu vc phi nng
nghip
i din n trong quc hi kh cao
4: Gim t vong tr
T l t vong tr thp
5: Nng cao sc khe b m
T l t vong m thp
Tip cn d dng ti SKSS
6: Phng chng HIV/AIDS, St rt v cc

bnh tt khc
T l nhim HIV thp (0,03%)

T l t vong trung bnh
7: m bo bn vng v mi trng
Mt rng bao ph cao

T l dn s dng ngun nc sch tng cao (97,6%)
T l dn s dng ngun an improved sanitation facility cao (78%)
T l ngi sng trong khu chut mc trung bnh (27,2%)
8: Xy dng i tc ton cu pht trin
T l s dng internet cao (48,3 ngi s dng trn 100 dn)
25
Dn s v Pht trin (PD)

Dn s ca Vit Nam vo nm 2014 c gn 90,5 triu[34] v c d tnh l s tng ln 100 triu vo
nm 2025. T sut sinh gim t 6,81 (1965-1969) xung t mc sinh thay th vo nm 2003[35]:
chnh l mc tiu ct li ca chnh sch dn s ca nh nc. Tuy nhin, cc con s trung bnh khng th
hin s khc bit vng min, mt s vng c t sut sinh cao 8 v mt s tnh v thnh ph li c t sut
sinh thp hn. 9 Tuy vy, s a dng ca dn s li nm ngoi cc ch tiu v dn s v t l sinh, v lut
dn s s tho ca Vit Nam cng tp trung nhiu hn n gim sinh v vo sc khe sinh sn ch cha
gip gii quyt cc vn dn s v pht trin ln hn. Cc vn bao gm phn chia dn s, gi ha
dn s, mt cn bng gii khi sinh (SRB), v di c.
Phn chia dn s mun ni n tnh trng nhn khu hc ca Vit Nam c phn chia thnh t l dn
s trong tui lao ng so vi ngi ph thuc, vi mt na l tui lao ng di 34 tui, v tng
s dn tui lao ng nhiu gp i s dn ph thuc. y l mt c hi cho pht trin kinh t. Tuy
nhin nu mt quc gia khng c lc lng lao ng lnh ngh v k thut, th quc gia s ngy cng
i mt vi cc vn v tht nghip v khng s dng ht ngun lc lao ng, 10 v v th cn c u
t vo o to v khuyn khch lc lng thanh nin tham gia vo th trng vic lm.
Dn s Vit Nam ang b gi i vi tc nhanh hn cc nc khc trong khu vc, vi hn dn s
trn 60 tui vo nm 2049.[38] Khi , s i thay ny s i hi nhu cu cn tng cng an sinh x hi.
Mc d Vit Nam v ang trin khai h thng an sinh x hi t tr (h tr x hi; thu nhp t cng
vic v gim ngho; bo him x hi v cc dch v x hi), nhng nhn tng th s p ng cc nhu cu
ny li thiu i s phi hp v ton din m chnh ph ang hng ti gii quyt thng qua k hoch
ca K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (SEDP) mi.
Vn di c ngy cng gia tng v thay i, trong mi quc gia v tm quc t. Nh cp
trn l dn s vng nng thn ca Vit Nam chim 67% vo nm 2013, nhng y khng phi l mt con
s tnh v s dn vng thnh th ang ngy cng gia tng, iu ny xy ra tng t cp khu vc v xu
hng ton cu. Di c trong mi quc gia to c hi c nn gio dc tt hn v nhiu c hi vic lm
hn, nhng li i km vi cc nguy c v mt an ninh, tht nghip, km tip cn ti cc dch v v b bc
lt. D liu v di c cn nhiu khong hng cho d cc quc gia u thc hin nh k iu tra v Di c
trn Ton quc nm 2004: Cc iu tra nh ngha mt ngi di c l ngi c s di chuyn trong 5 nm
tr li y, m khng bao hm ngha v s lng s ngi di c ngn hn (tuy nhin y l ch im
ca cuc iu tra v Di c trn Ton quc nm 2015). So vi cc quc gia trong khu vc, Vit Nam xut
khu lao ng vi s lng nh ra th trng quc t nhng theo T chc Lao ng Quc t ILO, iu
ny cng s thay i nhanh chng trong tng lai. 11 Vit Nam hnh nh cha chun b g cho s thay i
ny kha cnh chnh sch.
Ty nguyn, ven bin min Trung v Min Bc, Vng ni v Trung du pha Bc
TP H Ch Minh, Bnh Dng, Hu Giang v C Mau
10
T chc Lao ng Quc t (ILO), Bo v Tht nghip Vit Nam, 2012 cho bit t l tht nghip trong lc lng lao ng l 2.5%, trong
mt na l tui t 15-24 (trch t bo co bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti Vit Nam nm 2015)
11
Tham kho T chc Lao ng Quc t ILO, T tm tt Chnh sch ca ILO, 2015. ILO tham gia vo cng vic d n (nghin cu, h tr chnh
sch) v cng nhn di c lm vic ti Vng i M kng bo v ngi lao ng khng b bc lt. (trch t bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s
v Pht trin ti Vit Nam 2015)
26
L mt quc gia ng th 7 trong bng Ch s Nguy c Kh hu ton cu nm 2015 [39], Vit Nam l mt
quc gia c nguy c cao b nh hng bi cc tc ng bin i kh hu. Chnh ph Vit Nam c
nhng ng ph vi nguy c v bin i kh hu thng qua cc chin lc v chnh sch nhng c
c mt k hoch ng ph ton din, vn cn c s tp trung vo tc ng dn s ch khng ch l cc
thch thc v kinh t v k thut.
Sc khe Sinh sn v Tnh dc (SKSS v TD)

Vit Nam t c nhng thnh tu quan trng v sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc (SKSS v TD), tuy
nhin, nh nu trn, c tn ti s khc bit gia i a s dn s v cc nhm dn s d b tn
thng. y l mt bng chng c bit v t l gim ngho, v bt bnh ng ngy cng gia tng nh
hng n nhm dn s b thit thi bao gm dn tc thiu s, ngi dn vng su vng xa, thanh
nin ngho v cn ngho, ngi b khuyt tt, ngi di c trong nc, cc h gia nh c ph n l ch
h v cc ph n thuc cc din d b tn thng khc v thanh nin.[43] Tt c cc iu ny v cng
quan trng v mc bt bnh ng cng th hin mc sn c v cht lng dch v sc khe sinh
sn v tnh dc cho cc i tng ny, v mc d c s liu v cc nhm dn s d b tn thng nhng
vn cha c s liu nht qun gia cc phn loi khc nhau v tnh d b tn thng.
T l t vong m gn t ti ch tiu ca Vit Nam l 58,3.[41] Khong 2/3 n lc ny l nh n lc v
mang thai an ton hn, vi 93,6% cc ca sinh c sinh ti c s y t v c s h tr ca cn b c
o to trong 93,8% cc ca sinh.[39] Vo nm 2014, phn ln cc ph n mang thai (95,8%) u c
chm sc trc sinh t nht l mt ln trong thai k, tuy vy ch c 73,7% i khm ti thiu l 4 ln
trc sinh. 12 Kin thc v HIV th kh y tuy nhin cha su vi di mt na ph n tui 1549 c th tr li ng 3 ng ly lan HIV. Thi phn bit i x v k th ngi c HIV vn cn l ph
bin. 13 Lin quan n k hoch ha gia nh, t l cha p ng nhu cu cc bin php trnh thai l
6.,%.[17] Theo bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti Vit Nam th vi nng lc hin ti,
chng trnh quc gia v KHHG ch p ng 40% nhu cu s dng bao cao su.[43]
T l sinh con ti c s y t v di s h tr ca cn b y t c o to trong khi sinh, vn cn c
s khc nhau cp khu vc, tuy nhin t l t cong tr v m m cc vng ni c th cao gp 3 ln
vng ng bng.[42] S khc bit cng tn ti v ngy cng tng gia cc h ngho v h kh gi hn, v
iu ny cng trng hp vi s gia tng ca dch v khu vc t nhn bn cnh khu vc dch v cng. Ni
chung, cc thch thc i vi y t cng cng chnh l nng lc ca lc lng lao ng (c v cht lng
v s lng) v thiu cc dch v kt ni, c bit trong cc loi hnh dch v v sc khe sinh sn, sc
khe tnh dc, k hoch ha gia nh v HIV cng nh cc bnh khng ly.
Vi s lng thanh nin chim a s trong tng dn s, chnh ph tp trung hn v huy ng pht
trin lc lng ny, thng qua vic ban hnh Lut Thanh nin Quc gia nm 2005, v gn y l Chin
lc Pht trin Thanh nin giai on 2011-2020. Tuy nhin, Chin lc Dn s v Sc khe Sinh sn giai
on 2011-2020 v Chng trnh Mc tiu Quc gia v Y t giai on 2012-2015 nhm gii quyt cc
vn lin quan ti sc khe ca ngi tr, bao gm sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc v thnh nin
12
T chc y t th gii (WHO) khuyn ngh t 4 ln tr ln. Chun hin ti Vit Nam l 5 ln tr ln.
13
Ch s v bu xu cng cho thy ngi c HIV (PLHIV) b bu xu nhiu tr khi trong h thng y t vi cc nh gi khng nh rng c th
nhn rng cc dch v lin quan n HIV, c th tip cn ti iu tr khng virt v 1/3 s lng xt nghim HIV l nh h thng chuyn gi
t dch v y t. Phn bit i x vi ph n c HIV cng c Hi ng CEDAW a vo tng kt quan st Bo co ca Chnh ph Vit Nam vo
ngy 24 thng 7 nm 2015 trang 10. (trch t bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti Vit Nam 2015)
27
(ASRH). y cng chnh l mt v d ca s khng lin kt trong chnh sch tp trung vo thanh nin v
v thnh nin. Thanh nin l lc lng ngy cng c hc hnh v c tim nng hn so vi trc y,
bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti Vit Nam li ghi nhn rng nhm d b tn thng
vn l cc nhm thanh nin t cc gia nh ngho, ph n tr, thanh nin ngi dn tc thiu s, thanh
nin sng cc khu vc xa xi ho lnh, thanh nin di c v nhng thanh nin b khuyn tt v th cht
v tr tu, v nhng ngi c HIV/AIDS hoc nhng thanh nin hnh ngh mi dm.[40]
Bnh ng gii
Trong nhiu kha cnh ca bnh ng gii, Vit Nam c nhng tin b to ln, tuy nhin vn cn cc
vn nghim trng cn c gii quyt nh t l ph n b bo hnh kh cao. Chnh ph cam kt xa
hon ton bo hnh gia nh v bo hnh gii v mt s lut c ban hnh cng c mc ch
ny: Lut v Bnh ng gii v Lut Dn s v Phng chng v Kim sot bo lc gia nh nm 2007.
to iu kin thc hin Lut Dn s v Phng chng v Kim sot bo lc gia nh, chnh ph ban
hnh K hoch Hnh ng Quc gia Phng chng v Kim sot bo lc gia nh giai on 2014-2020.
Ngoi ra, Vit Nam xy dng c m hnh Gi Can thip ti thiu (MIP), bao gm d phng tuyn
c s, xc nh cc h tr v can thip d phng tuyn hai/tuyn tnh, huyn v gim nh tc ng
c bit cho nhng ngi b nh hng bi bo hnh tuyn trung ng.[45]
Nghin cu quc gia ca Tng cc Thng k vo nm 2010 cho thy 58% ph n c hi tr li rng
chu ng t nht mt loi hnh bo hnh v th cht, tnh dc hoc tinh thn.[44, 45] Kh nng b
bo hnh thng c lin quan nhiu n mc hc vn thp, tnh trng kinh t, tui v khu vc a l
(vi ph n cc vng nng thn c nguy c cao hn) v sc tc. Nguyn nhn ca bo hnh gii cng
c nhiu: v c th l t kt qu ca bt bnh ng gii v li chnh l nguyn nhn tip tc to nn
bt bnh ng gii.
Cch tip cn gii quyt bo hnh gii rt phc tp, v d l mc d c nhiu bc c tin hnh
c s tham gia ca nam gii v cc b trai, nhng vn cn rt nhiu cng vic cn lm m bo
rng gii quyt vn bo hnh gii ti tuyn c s c ton din v c nh hng bi mt chin
lc chung.[43] Thng thng cc ca bo hnh khng c bo co do b coi l s xu h nn thi
vn tn ti thng l tha th cho bo hnh ph n (k c ph n v nam gii). Ngoi ra, vi dch v
khng ton din v thiu kin thc v lut php hin hnh trong hng ng lnh o a phng do vy
ngi ph n b bo hnh cng t c ng c tm n s gip .
T sut gii khi sinh (SRB) vi 110,6 b trai so vi 100 b gi vo nm 2009, tng ln ti 112,6 vo nm
2013 [48, 49], cao hn nhiu so vi t sut thng thng l 105-106 b trai trn 100 b gi khi sinh. iu
ny nh du mt s thay i ng k ang xy ra trong 10 nm qua khi m s liu ca nm 2000 mi
ch l 106 b trai trn 100 b gi khi sinh. L do c xem l do tng ph thai la chn gii tnh v cc
cp cha m thch c con trai, c bit trong cc gia nh kh gi v c hc vn cao, nhng cc nguyn
nhn tim n li l s kt hp ca yu t x hi, vn ha cng nh kinh t mt cch phc tp 14. Vit
14
S thch con trai tn ti lu i lm tng mt cn bng gii khi sinh l mt vn ni cm hin ti ca cng ngh xc nh gii tnh v cc
chnh sch kim sot sinh cng lm cho t sut sinh gim nhanh chng. T nm 1975, chnh sch cho php mi gia nh c t 2 n 3 con,
nhng t nm 1988, mi gia nh ch c c 2 con. Nm 1993, chnh sch 1 n 2 con chnh thc c ban hnh vi Ngh quyt ca n
Cng sn to nn tng vn bn php l cao nht v dn s, Php lnh Dn s nm 2003 (hin cn ang c hiu lc). iu 10 ca Php lnh
c sa i vo nm 2008 v quy nh rng: "mi cp v chng v c nhn c quyn v trch nhim [...] c mt hoc 2 con, cc trng hp
ngoi l s do Nh nc quyt nh. Chnh sch hin ti vi phm quyn ca ngi ph n v nam gii c t do v t chu trch nhim
28
Nam, theo Hin php, Php lnh Dn s 2003, Lut Bnh ng Gii v Ngh nh Chnh ph s 114, ph
thai la chn gii tnh l bt hp php, v chnh ph cam kt hnh ng nhm a mc t sut gii khi
sinh tr v bnh thng [50], mc d tng cng lut php gn nh khng gip ci thin c tnh
hnh. Tuy nhin cng c cng thng c hu gia vic thc thi lut v ngn cm ph thai la chn gii
tnh v ng h quyn v sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc ca ngi ph n.
Trn ton cu, to hn 15 (lp gia nh trc 18 tui) xy ra 1/3 s n thanh nin ti cc nc ang
pht trin v thu nhp trung bnh.[50] Nu t ln so snh, t l ny Vit Nam ch thp 12% trong
tng s cc cp v chng bao gm c nhng ngi di 18 tui, iu ny thng xy ra nhm dn tc
thiu s. Theo lut php Vit Nam, tui c php lp gia nh l 18 i vi ph n v 20 i vi nam
gii.[51] Chnh ph cng xc nh cc vng hay xy ra tnh trng to hn nhng do khng c s liu ng
tin cy v cc gia nh c th khng bo co v tnh trng ny. Cng tng t nh cc n lc gii quyt
vn mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh v bo hnh gii, thay i hnh vi c lin quan n to hn s cn
thi gian v nhiu gii php.
2.2. Vai tr ca vin tr nc ngoi

UNFPA cng trong hon cnh tng t vi nhiu c quan LHQ v Vin tr Pht trin Chnh thc (ODA)
khi Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia c thu nhp trung bnh thp, vi ngn sch ca chu k 8 l $33.1 triu
(bao gm $22.5 triu t cc ngun thng xuyn) 16 gim xung cn $12 triu (ngun thng xuyn)
trong chu k ti. Trong chin lc quc gia v ton cu ca UNFPA cn nhc ti mc u tin s
tp trung vo cc n lc vn ng v i thoi chnh sch hn l thc hin d n c th.
Vin tr nc ngoi ng mt vai tr quan trng Vit Nam t cui nhng nm 1970s, vi cc ngun
vic tr ln thay i theo thi gian. Vi nn kinh t ang tng trng mc thu thp thp n trung
bnh, cc nh ti tr thay i cam kt vin tr v Vin tr Pht trin Chnh thc (ODA) cng ang gim
xung t nhiu ngun. Bn phn tch ton din v ngun ti chnh pht trin ca Vit Nam cng b
trong bo co chung ca cc t chc LHQ, phi on lin minh chu u EU v B K hoch v u
t.[52] Con s thng k v thng tin chnh miu t mc v s thay i trong ngun vin tr nh
sau:
Thu nhp cng gn t gp ba tnh t nm 2006, ln ti hn 800 t ng tng ng vi

US$39 triu, nhng gim 9% trn cc lnh vc c th vo nm 2010.
N Chnh ph tng trung bnh t 30% mt nm vo nm 2006, ch yu l t tri phiu trong

nc h tr cc gi kch thch tng trng.
H tr Pht trin Chnh chc tng nhanh chng vo nm 2009, v cc ngn hng pht trin tng
cho vay gii quyt khng hong kinh t ton cu. Cc mc ny c duy tr vi lng cho
vay hng nm gn $4 t la.
quyt nh thi im v s con mun c, v cng bt ng vi Cng c CEDAW (cng c loi b mi hnh thc phn bit i x vi ph n
(iu 16e) v Chng trnh Hnh ng ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin nm 1994 (on 7.3). Ngun: UNFPA
15
Thng c ni n nh lp gia nh khi cn tr con Vit Nam. Cm t To hn/kt hn sm c dng tun theo khi nim quc t
16
D liu do Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cung cp
29
H tr pht trin chnh chc (ODA) s gim gn vo cc nm ti v s gim nhanh chng vo

cui thp k ny.
Kt qu ca vic gim dn h tr pht trin chnh chc ODA, bo co ghi nhn rng s c nguy c thiu
ngun lc ti chnh cho d c tng kh nng cho vay, v iu c th nh hng ti cc khu vc x hi
c th.
Da vo cc s liu sn c ca mt s t cc nh ti tr ln cho Vit Nam, ang c s gim dn mt cch
tng th, trong tnh c th mt s nh ti tr th c th gim n 50% hoc ct gim nhiu hn t
nm 2014 n 2016. Chnh ph t xtry lia cho thy ngn sch song phng ca 2014/2015 c tnh l
$97.4 triu la v d tnh ngn sch song phng ca nm 2015/2016 s l $58.4 triu; nh vy gim
ti 40% ngn sch hng nm[54]. H tr Pht trin Chnh chc ODA ca Ngn hng Pht trin Chu
cho Vit Nam t nm 2006 n nm 2013 cho thy nhiu mc khc nhau nhng gim kh u n t
nm 2011 tr i (tham kho Hnh 2).[54] S liu ca Ngn hng Th gii cng cho thy mc phi hp
ti chnh ca bn trong s nm th ch 17 gim t gn $3 t xung khong $1,3 t vo nhng nm 2014
v 2015 (tham kho Hnh 3).[55]
17
Lin lip Ti chnh Quc t (IFC), Hip hi Pht trin Quc t (IDA), Ngn hng Quc t v Ti thit v Pht trin (IBRD) v C quan Bo him u t a
phng (MIGA)
30
Hnh 3: H tr ti chnh ca Ngn hang Th gii cho Vit

Nam giai on 2009-2015
Hnh 2: H tr ti chnh ca ADB cho Vit Nam giai on

2006-2013
31
3. Cc chin lc chng trnh v k hoch ca UNFPA/

cc t chc lin hp quc
3.1. Chin lc ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8th ca UNFPA ti Vit Nam giai on 2012-2016 vn dng kt hp hai chu
k K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA Ton cu giai on 2008-2013 v 2014-2017. K hoch Chin lc
hin ti ca UNFPA mt ln na khng nh nh hng chin lc c vch ra sau nh gi gia k
ca k hoch 2008-2013 c b sung mt s cc thay i v t chc t c k vng ca t chc
[56]. iu ny bao gm cng c khung kt qu, m hnh hot ng mi, v ci thin phn b ngun kinh
ph.
Da trn K hoch Chin lc giai on 2008-2013, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, xy dng k hoch
trong nc vo nm 2012.[57] Vn phng UNFPA p dng cch tip cn tam gic chin lc cc ni
dung c li th so snh v ph hp vi K hoch Mt UN/Ti liu Chng trnh Chung 2012-2016. Cch
tip cn tam gic chin lc xc nh nh hng chin lc tng th ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam: nng cao nng lc cho cc i tc thc hin d n; thu to bng chng; v thc hin i thoi
chnh sch da trn cc bng chng c th v nng lc cht lng (tham kho Hnh 4).[57]
Hnh 2: nh hng Chin lc ca Vn phng UNFPA nm 2012
Trong s nhng iu ti quan trng i vi hon cnh ca Vit Nam, K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA
xc nh cc cch thc ph hp c s tham gia ca cc bn trong vic hon thnh cc u tin ca
32
quc gia s ti. UNFPA cng phn nhm cc quc gia da vo nhu cu [pht trin] v kh nng i ng
v ti chnh. Vi ni dung ny, Vit Nam c nh gi l cho nhu cu thp v kh nng cao v i ng
ti chnh trong cc chng trnh. Cch thc UNFPA ku gi d tham gia ca cc quc gia trong hon
cnh ny (cc mu hng trong bng di y Hnh 5), v d nh Vit Nam, nn tp trung vo vn
ng v i thoi/t vn chnh sch.[58]
Hnh thc tham gia, theo hon cnh
Nhu cu
Kh nng ti chnh
Thp
Cao nht
Cao
Trung bnh
Thp
A/P, KM
A/P
A/P
A/P
Trung bnh thp
A/P, KM, CD, SD
A/P, KM, CD, SD
A/P, KM, CD
A/P
Trung bnh cao
A/P, KM, CD
A/P, KM, CD
A/P, KM
A/P
Cao
A/P
A/P
A/P
A/P: Vn ng v i thoi/t vn chnh sch
CD: Xy dng nng lc
KM: Qun tr tri thc
SD: Cung cp dch v
A/P
Hnh 3: Phng thc UNFPA ku gi s tham gia ca cc quc gia theo tng mc
S ra i ca K hoch Chin lc hin ti ca UNFPA khin cho Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn r
sot li Chng trnh Quc gia nhm m bo s lin kt. y l mt qu trnh bnh thng c thc
hin ti tt c cc vn phng UNFPA ti cc nc v vn phng mi nc u c chia s cc hng
dn v cng c r sot li k hoch quc qua nhm m bo s lin kt ti K hoch Chin lc. Cc
thay i ng k trong phn b cc ngun lc ti cc vn phng quc gia da vo s u tin ca cc
phng thc tham gia ca quc gia s ti s bt u c hiu lc t Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 9, vn
phng i din ti quc gia s ti cng thc hin nh gi Gia k ca chu k hin ti.
Vi s phi hp hng v ni dung trng tm Quy v mt mi/DAO ang c thc hin kh thnh
cng trong cc t chc LHQ, nh gi Gia k ca Chng trnh Quc gia Chu k 8 ch ra ni dung cn
m bo s phi hp to ra cc li ch cho cc i tc ti nc s ti v nhm tng cng s cn i vi
v gia cc i tc pha nh nc Vit Nam [25]. Trong thi gian ti, ti bn cht nhy cm v hng ti
gii quyt cc khong hng bnh ng, cc ni dung cn c u tin bao gm ha nhp v bo tr x
hi, pht trin nng lc, bnh ng gii v duy tr tnh bn vng. nh gi Gia k cng nu bt tm
quan trng ca UNFPA nn tp trung vo li th so snh ca t chc v dn s v pht trin, quyn sc
khe sinh sn v tnh dc ch trng c th vo cc nhm d b tn thng bao gm thanh nin, v tnh
trng mt cn bng gii khi sinh. Phng thc thc hin cng c xc nh l phi thay i va duy
tr tnh bn vng v tnh hiu qu va c mt gi ni dung a dng hn bao gm c vn ng chnh sch
33
(tp trung vo hoch nh chnh sch da vo bng chng), vn ng v kin to d liu v qun tr tri
thc.
3.2. Cc kt qu mong i t Chng trnh Quc gia

Nh m t trn, Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA c xy dng c lin kt vi UNDP v UNICEF
nh mt phn trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung (Ti liu Chng trnh Chung) cho Vit Nam, giai on
2012-2016. Trch nhim ca vn phng UNFPA nm 3 Ni dung trng tm s ca K hoch Mt LHQ
(OP), c km theo kt qu v u ra ca K hoch Mt LHQ.
C th l Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ng gp 8 trong s 43 u ra ca K hoch Mt LHQ (OP)
tng ng vi 8 kt qu ca UNFPA nh nu trong bn Ti liu Chng trnh Chung (CCPD) [27],
trong mi cn b chng trnh chu trch nhim v mt kt qu [57]. Kt qu l cuc nh gi ny
cho l Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA l khng in hnh v vn phng UNFPA tng kt hot ng ca
mnh thng qua lng knh ca bn K hoch Mt LHQ ch khng phi ch thng quan lng knh ca K
hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA. Tham kho K hoch Mt LHQ trn trang web ca UNFPA hoc
http://vietnam.unfpa.org/public/lang/en/pid/5550
Kt qu v u ra ca K hoch Mt LHQ c phin gii thnh cc Kt qu c th nh sau:
Bng 3: Kt qu mong i t Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA
Ni dung trng tm s 1 ca K hoch Mt LHQ: pht trin ton din, bnh ng v bn vng
Kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ: 1.1 Cc c quan cp trung ng xy dng v gim st cc chnh sch
pht trin kinh t - x hi da vo cc bng chng v ly con ngi lm trng tm m bo Vit Nam
pht trin mt cch cht lng l quc gia c thu nhp mc trung bnh
Kt qu 1 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Sn c s liu cht lng cao, chia theo nhm
tui, gii tnh v cc yu t nhn khu hc, v tng cng nng lc ca B K hoch v u
t/Tng Cc Thng k v cc B c lin quan s dng cc s liu ni trn trong lp k hoch,
gim st v nh gi cc chnh sch v chin lc pht trin x hi v dn s, cp trung ng
v tuyn tnh trn ton quc.
Ni dung trng tm s 2 ca K hoch Mt LHQ: tip cn c ti cc dch v bo tr x hi v dch v

thit yu, c cht lng
Kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 v 2.4
Kt qu 2.1: C c mt chng trnh bo tr x hi Quc gia hiu qu hn tng h tr cht

lng v tip cn bnh ng i vi hu ht cc nhm dn s b thit thi v d b tn thng;
Kt qu 2.2: Tng cng qun l hiu qu v cht lng mt h thng y t quc gia ton din,
bao gm bo v sc khe v nng cao sc khe, ch trng vo vic m bo tip cn bnh ng
hn cho hu ht cc nhm dn b thit thi v d b tn thng;
Kt qu 2.3: Tng cng qun l hiu qu v cht lng mt h thng gio dc v o to, v
34
tng cng ph cp tiu hc v trung hc c s v gio dc thng xuyn, c bit cho hu ht

cc nhm dn b thit thi v d b tn thng;
Kt qu 2.4: Cc c quan trung ng v a phng, cng hp tc vi cc cng ng, ch ng
hn trong vic gii quyt bt bnh ng thng qua vic thc hin v gim st lut, chnh sch v
cc chng trnh nhm tng cng bnh ng gii v tng quyn nng cho ph n, v ng ph
hiu qu v bn vng vi HIV, gim phn bit i x v k th.
Kt qu 2 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: C c cc bng chng v cc khong cch gia
chnh sch thc hin trong h thng bo tr x hi cho ngi gi, thanh nin, di c v dn tc
thiu s v tng cng nng lc ca B K hoch v u t v cc B c lin quan s dng
cc bng chng nu trn trong cc chin lc v chnh sch quc gia v a phng ph hp
Kt qu 3 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Nng lc ca B Y t c nng co ci thin

h thng y t, bao gm c mt Chng trnh Qun l Thng tin Y t ton din v chin lc
ngun nhn lc da vo nng lc hng c bit ch trng ti nhm dn tc thiu s.
Kt qu 4 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Cc la chn chnh sch da trn bng chng sn
c nhn rng trn ton quc nhm tng tnh thip cn ton cu ti sc khe sinh sn v tnh
dc, c th cho nhm dn s d b tn thng, bao gm thanh nin v dn tc thiu s.
Kt qu 5 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Cc la chn chnh sch da trn bng chng sn
c cho cc c quan chc nng cung cp cc dch v sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc, bao gm
phng trnh HIV v dch v cho ngi hnh ngh mi dm.
Kt qu 6 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Xy dng k hoch ng ph ca Quc gia gii
quyt mt cn bng gii khi sinh, p dng cch tip cn nhy cm v vn ha.
Kt qu 7 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Xy dng gi dch v ton din ti thiu v phng
trnh bo lc gii, chm sc v iu tr, bo v v dch v h tr da trn cc bng chng, kinh
nghim hay v bi hc ca cc m hnh th im.
Ni dung trng tm s 3 ca K hoch Mt LHQ: qun tr v c s tham gia

Kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ: 3.1 Cc c quan c thm quyn c th xy dng lut v gim st st hc
hin ca cc c quan nh nc v i din cho cc nguyn vng ca ngi dn Vit Nam, c bit l ca
ph n, dn tc thiu s v cc nhm dn s d b tn thng v b thit thi
Kt qu 8 trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: Cc c quan c thm quyn tuyn trung ng v
a phng c h tr tuyn trung ng v a phng, xy dng cc chnh sch v
chin lc da vo bng chng trong cc ni dung v dn s, sc khe sinh sn v gii, v qun
l vic thc hin.
3.3. Cc can thip c th

35
Chng trnh Quc gia gm cc d n, c lit k di y, nhm h tr hon thnh kt qu v u ra

ca K hoch Mt LHQ v v th mc ch bao trm l nhm h tr Chnh ph Vit Nam hon thnh Mc
tiu Pht trin Thin nin k. UNFPA thc hin cc can thip tt c cc lnh vc sau.
Bng 4: Cc cu phn ca Chng trnh Quc gia
Kt qu trong Ti liu
D n
Chng trnh Chung

Ni dung trng tm s 1 ca K hoch Mt LHQ: pht trin ton din, bnh ng v bn vng
Kt qu 1 trong Ti liu
Cng c thu thp s liu trn ton quc
Chng trnh Chung

Ni dung trng tm s 2 ca K hoch Mt LHQ: tip cn c ti cc dch v bo tr x hi v dch v thit yu, c
cht lng
Can thip Chm sc cho ngi gi
Chng trnh Chung

Can thip tng cng h thng y t
Chng trnh Chung

H tr thc hin chin lc quc gia (v Sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc v thanh nin)
Chng trnh Chung
Can thip thn thin vi tr em (v sc khe b m)
Tng cng nng lc trn ton quc p ng nhu cu ca ngi c HIV v AIDS
Chng trnh Chung

Can thip v mt cn bng gii khi sinh
Chng trnh Chung

Tng cng nng lc trn ton quc p ng nhu cu ca ngi b bo hnh gia
Chng trnh Chung
nh
Ni dung trng tm s 3 ca K hoch Mt LHQ: qun tr v c s tham gia

Tng cng nng lc trn ton quc v lut php v chnh sch
Chng trnh Chung
3.4. i tng ch mong i

Cc d n hoc cc lnh vc ca Chng trnh Quc gia thng c cc nhm ch r rng, v d nh v
thnh nin, dn tc thiu s, ph n b nh hng bi bo lc gia nh, ngi cao tui v song hnh vi
cc i tng ny l nhng nhm ngi cung cp dch v c lin h trc tip vi h nh ngi cung cp
dch v t nhn. Thng thng, cc qun l chng trnh v cc nh hoch nh chnh sch cp trung
36
ng cng c xc nh l cc nhm i tng ch mong i. Cc ngun d liu cng bao gm cc

vn bn, bng chng r rng v s lng i tng ch ca Chng trnh Quc gia hoc s lng i
tng d n tip cn c theo tng vng a l. Tuy nhin, theo nh cc ti liu nhm nh gi c
cung cp, cc hot ng chng trnh c thc hin ti 5 trong s 63 tnh thnh ca Vit Nam. Nm
tnh thnh ny c min Bc, min Trung v min Nam. Ngoi ra c thm tm hot ng chng trnh
c tp trung h tr tuyn trung ng, v lu di c tim nng tip cn rng ri trn ton quc. Tham
kho Ph lc v bn cc can thip ca UNFPA.
3.5. Ngun lc
Theo bo co nh gi Gia k ca Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8, t s s liu ca chng trnh cho
thy tng s 33.100.000 la M c cp cho chu k nm nm, bao gm $22,5 triu la l t ngun
thng xuyn, v $10.6 triu la l t cc ngun khc. Tuy nhin, ngun huy ng khng t c
theo nh k hoch ban u m t hn so vi d nh l 13 triu la [26]. D liu ATLAS cho thy c
tng s 17.843.653 c phn b (gii ngn) trong cc nm t 2012-2015 cho cc d n (Hnh 6-9).
Ngn sch cho cc nm t 2012-2014 (c ngha l khng bao gm nm 2015) l 13.257.260 la, v
chi tiu ht 12.956.863 la tc l gii ngn c 98%. Cc chi tiu vn duy tr nht qun mc gn vi
ngn sch ti a cho thy mc gii ngn/kh nng thc hin hot ng cao l nh Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam v cc i tc ca d n. Bng Ph lc th hin t l thc hin d n theo cc nm. Ngn
sch cho nm th nht ca Chng trnh Quc gia lc u t l 4.5 triu la t ngun thng xuyn,
nhng trong nm 2012 li thy c s chm tr trong khi u cc hot ng chng trnh (c ngha l
tn na sau ca nm mi thc hin) do mt s th tc khi ng d n phc tp hn d kin bao gm
pht trin, gp v hon thin cc K hoch Hot ng Nm cng vi cc i tc thc hin d n. iu
ny dn ti vic vn phng UNFPA phi tr li vn phng UNFPA tr s chnh ti 50% mc trn chng
trnh hng nm.[59, 60]
Tng quan v Ngn sch v Gii ngn trong giai on
2012-2015
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$0
Ngn sch
Gii ngn
2012
$2,353,235
$2,286,619
2013
$5,587,591
$5,480,610
2014
$5,316,434
$5,189,635
2015
$4,586,393
Hnh 4: Tng quan v Ngn sch v Gii ngn ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, giai on 2012-2015
37
Gii ngn ca vn phng UNFPA Vit Nam trong nm

2014, theo u ra
2,000,000
1,833,987
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,394,011
1,400,000
1,200,000
922,782
1,000,000
750,745
800,000
600,000
400,000
343,899
200,000
18,647
u ra 01: Dch v SKSS v TD

u ra 04: HIV
u ra 10: Bo hnh Gii v cc thc hnh c hi
u ra 12: S liu v Dn s v Pht trin
u ra 14: Cc chnh sch da trn quyn
u ra 15: S liu Theo di v nh gi cc chnh sch
Hnh 5: Gii ngn ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong nm 2014 theo u ra
38
Ngn sch ca Chng trnh Quc gia giai on 2012-2015 l

USD $17.843 triu
$1,757,052
$317,237
$4,099,534
$7,262,078
$4,407,752
Dn s v Pht trin
Gii
Sc khe sinh sn
Qun l D n
H tr hnh chnh/chng trnh

Hnh 6: Ngn sch ca Chng trnh Quc gia theo ni dung chng trnh
So snh Ngn sch gia cc Ni dung trong Chng

trnh Quc gia, giai on 2012-2015
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
Dn s v Pht trin
2012
Gii
2013
2014
Sc khe sinh sn
2015
Hnh 7: So snh Ngn sch gia cc ni dung trong Chng trnh Quc gia, giai on 2012-2015
3.6. M hnh logic/l thuyt thay i

Vo thi im nh gi, Chng trnh Quc gia khng xy dng mt khung l thuyt thay i. Tuy nhin,
trong cc ni dung c th ca chng trnh c xy dng cc nguyn tc v khung khi nim, v d i vi
ni dung v thanh nin, bo hnh gii, Sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc, mi dm , v.v. Ngn ng v
tng ca cc l thuyt thay i kh l mi i vi UNFPA m trc u t ng k vo cc
39
cch tip cn v qun l da vo kt qu. Cc khung lp k hoch a ngnh m UNFPA yu cu phi

tun th (Ti liu Chng trnh Chung, K hoch Mt LHQ, K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA v.v.) cng
kh cng thng i hi Chng trnh Quc gia cn c gii thch r rng ca v trng tm v cc hot
ng minh ha ph hp vi cc khung k hoch a ngnh t ra. Ti mt s ni dung, vn cn tn ti
cc khong hng gia khung kt qu (kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ v K hoch Chin lc, Ti liu
Chng trnh Chung v cc mc u ra ca K hoch Chin lc) v cc can thip trong Chng trnh
Quc gia.
T cc pht hin trn, v c gng trch rt s ph hp a i tng nh gi, nhm nh gi xy
dng Chui Kt qu (di y), v t s lc nn L thuyt Thay i cho Chng trnh Quc gia:
ng gp ca UNFPA
Kt qu mong i (thay i
h thng)
ng gp vo cc
ni dung trng tm
ca Quy v Mt mi
DaO
Chin lc
Nng cao nng lc
i tc chin lc, ng
minh v mng li
Ci thin lut php v chnh
sch
Thc hin cc lut v chnh
sch ti tuyn tnh
Vn ng v i thoi chnh
sch da vo bng chng
Vn ng thng tin i
chng
To dng nn tng bng
chng (cc m hnh can
thip v nghin cu/phn
tch)
Nng cao cht lng v s
dng d liu trong vic xy
dng chnh sch
Kt qu 1 ca K hoch Chin
lc ca UNFPA (sc khe
sinh sn v tnh dc): tng
tnh sn c v s dng dch
v sc khe sinh sn v tnh
18
dc lng ghp
lc ca UNFPA (bnh ng
gii/tng quyn nng): Tng
bnh ng gii, tng quyn
nng cho em gi v ph n,
v quyn sinh sn 19
lc ca UNFPA (nng ng
ca dn s): Cng c cc
chnh sch quc gia v cc
ni dung pht trin quc t
thng qua lng ghp cc
phn tch da vo bng
chng vo s nng ng ca
dn s 20
ng gp vo
mc tiu quc
gia
Lm cu ni
khong cch
gia chnh
sch thc
hin
Ni dung trng tm
s 1 trong K hoch
Mt LHQ: pht trin
ton din bnh ng
v bn vng
Ni dung trng tm
s 2 trong K hoch
Mt LHQ: tip cn
ti cc dch v thit
yu cht lng cao
v bo tr x hi
Ni dung trng tm
s 3 trong K hoch
Mt LHQ: qun tr
v c s tham gia
Thit k chng trnh theo

cch tip cn da trn
Gii quyt cc
vn xuyn
sut nh bnh
ng gii, HIV
v cch tip
cn da trn
quyn con
ngi i vi
pht trin
t c tng
trng ton
din, bnh
ng v bn
vng, tip cn
c ti cc
dch v thit
yu, cht
lng cao v
bo tr x
hi, v tng
cng s
qun tr v s
tham gia ca
18
ng gp vo
Mc tiu Thin
nin k
Hin thc ha cc
cam kt quy chun
MTTNK 3: Tng
bnh ng gii
v tng quyn
nng cho ph
n
MTTNK 5: Ci
thin sc khe
b m
MTTNK 6:
Phng chng
HIV/AIDS, st
rt v cc bnh
khc
Hin thc ha
tuyn b ti Hi
ngh Dn s v Pht
trin v cc cam kt
quy chun trn ton
cu (v d phng
chng bo lc gii
ph n CEDAW)
MTTNK 8: Xy
dng i tc
ton cu
pht trin
(k c KHHG, sc khe b m v HIV) ch trng n ni dung v gii v t quyn con ngi, chun v cht lng chm sc v bnh ng
khi tip cn.
19
Bao gm i vi hu ht cc ph n, v thnh nin, thanh nin d b tn thng v b y ra bn l x hi.
20
V lin kt vi pht trin bn vng, SKSS v tnh dc, quyn sinh sn, HIV v bnh ng gii.
40
quyn con ngi
cc bn c
lin quan
Hnh 8: Chui kt qu ca Chng trnh Quc gia ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA gm cc l thuyt v thay i mi cu phn v Dn s v Pht trin,

SKSS v TD v Bnh ng gii. V K hoch Chin lc l mt ti liu cp ton cu, nn cc l thuyt, gi
nh v nguy c trong u kh rng v chung chung.[56]
Theo phng php nh gi trong cuc nh gi ny, nhm nh gi xy dng mt L thuyt Thay i
t c th c kim nh trong sut qu trnh nh gi. Tuy nhin, trn thc t cho thy hin
nhin s phc tp ca Ti liu Chng trnh Chung CCPD (tng hp cng vic ca ba c quan). Ngoi ra,
Vn phng i din UNFPA li thay i phng php tip cn trong khi ang thc hin chu k ny
p ng vi cc yu cu v cc phng thc tip cn mi l kt qu c xc nh l mt quc gia
thuc mu hng trong chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA. To l mt L thuyt Thay i khi mi bt u
chu k hoc na sau ca chu k u khng phn tch ton b chng trnh. V th, nhm nh gi
nhn c hi xy dng mt L thuyt Thay i da trn nhng g thu nhn c t na cn li ca
chu k, vi hy vng s pht trin s dng trong chu k tip theo. Nhm nh gi phi hp cht
ch v thu thp kin t Vn phng i din UNFPA ti Vit Nam.
Kt qu ca qu trnh nh gi ny xy dng c mt L thuyt Thay i, c trnh by phn
Ph lc
41
4. Kt qu chnh
Khung khi nim
Bi cnh ca Vit Nam i hi cch hot ng h tr quc t mt s c th ring nht nh.
Qun tr nh nc c c th l chnh ph tp trung. Chnh ph c ngi dn mong i

nhiu v ng vai tr chnh trong hu ht mi cng vic thc thi v xy dng chnh sch. Tuy
nhin c s phn cp hnh chnh em n cc c hi c s tham gia mc no
nhng ng thi u c cc hn ch v nng lc phn b ngn sch.
Bn cht nhiu tng lp ca cu trc qun tr ca cc B theo ngnh dc, t trung ng n

tuyn tnh v tuyn huyn. Kt qu ca phn cp ring r theo h thng cc B lm hn ch
cc c hi phi hp lin B.
S thay i nhanh chng v kinh t v bin ng dn s v mt lot cc vn khc to ra

s thay i nhanh chng trong x hi, trong khi thay i v cch thc hot ng ca b my
chnh tr li c v chm hn.
S thay i nhanh chng v kinh t em li kt qu l Vit Nam c xp vo nc thu nhp

trung bnh thp, iu c ngha c bit i vi s pht trin chnh sch i tc khi c
nhiu nh ti tr ln trc y ang rt ton b hoc gim dn h tr ti chnh cho Vit Nam.
S nhy cm v chnh tr lin quan n cch thc hot ng ca nn kinh t v qun tr cng
vi s thiu tin tng v/hoc tin vo cch tip cn c xem l mt la chn cho h thng
hin ti Vit Nam.
Cc tc nhn chnh a ngnh li ghi nhn thp vai tr ca cc t chc phi chnh ph v thc t
nng lc ca cc nhm cc t chc x hi dn s cng nhiu mc khc nhau t thp n
cao.
Cho d vn c cc kh khn tim n v h thng chnh tr ca Vit Nam, v phng php tin cn da
trn quyn c cc c quan LHQ v d nh UNFPA p dng, tuy nhin mc p dng cn nh v hp
v tng cu phn c th ch khng p dng rng ri. iu ny c th lm hn ch ni dung i thoi
v cc hnh ng chung trong cc ni dung UNFPA mun hot ng v d quyn ca ngi hnh ngh
mi dm.
c im phn bit ca Chng trnh Quc gia ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
Cuc nh gi ny c thc hin vo thi gian cui ca Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8, v th v bn
cht th nh gi ny mang tnh tng kt. Cuc nh gi ny bm st phng php nh gi t hng
dn nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA. Tuy nhin, iu quan trng hn l, chu k ti s c thay
i ng k v thay i v phng thc thc hin s da vo K hoch Chin lc ca cc quc gia
nhm tng cc bin php t cung cp ti chnh. iu thit yu l, phng thc hot ng s chuyn
sang to iu kin i thoi chnh sch, thc hin vn ng chnh sch v h tr k thut, thay v trc
tip cp kinh ph thc hin chng trnh. V vy, cuc nh gi c nguy c hn ch nu cng khng tp
trung vo cc ni dung pha trc da vo hiu bit v hon cnh v cc thay i trong phng thc xy
dng chng trnh. phn cui ny, phn kt lun s tho lun cc tng u tin v phng thc
hot ng trong thi gian ti.
42
Thm mt c bit na ca UNFPA l sng kin Quy v Mt Mi (Delivering as One/DaO) ca LHQ ang
giai on gn cui ca chu k 2. V th, trong khi c nhiu kinh nghim hn nhiu Chng trnh Quc
gia ca cc t chc LHQ khc, kinh nghim Quy v Mt Mi vn cha nhiu, cc t chc LHQ Vit Nam
vn ang c gng tm ra cc gii php thc tin v hin thc ha sng kin Quy v Mt Mi (DaO). Giai
on th nht bao gm mi c quan LHQ c lp xy dng k hoch nm nm, v sau tng hp li
thnh mt k hoch chung Quy v Mt Mi. Giai on ny c nh du bng mt qu trnh lp k
hoch chung trong cc c quan LHQ phi hp vi nhau cng nhau xy dng Ti liu Chng trnh
Chung. V th UNFPA khng t xy dng K hoch Hnh ng cho Chng trnh Quc gia hoc K hoch
hnh ng tng t lm cng c xy dng k hoch theo chun ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam,
m trn thc t li lin kt vi cc hot ng t mc tiu quc gia ca sng kin Quy v Mt Mi v
mc tiu chin lc ca UNFPA.[60] Tnh hnh ca Chng trnh Quc gia ti Vit Nam l mt phn ca
sng kin Quy v Mt Mi, v hng ti kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
bo m cc cng vic theo ng cc mc tiu chin lc ca UNFPA nhng tt c ti liu chng trnh
u tham kho mt cch c h thng K hoch Mt LHQ. V ni dung ny, cuc nh gi Chng trnh
Quc gia chu k 8 gp kh khan a ra c mt s cc khc bit trong lp k hoch Chng trnh
Quc gia v kt qu thc hin trong tnh hung t bit ny Vit Nam.
Phn sau y ca bo co ny trnh by kt qu chnh ca nh gi, c phn tch theo tiu ch nh
gi.
4.1.S ph hp
Tm tt: Nhn chung, vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cho rng h to ra mt lot cc d liu ton quc
v tin hnh cc nghin cu xy dng nn cc u tin ca Chng trnh Quc gia. Chng trnh Quc
gia c chng minh l ng hng vi nhiu khung trong h thng UNFPA, cam kt quc t, cc t
chc LHQ ti Vit Nam v cp trung ng, v l mt thnh vin ch ng trong pht trin ni dung v
SKSS v tnh dc, dn s v cc vn v bo hnh gii. Cc ch ca cc la chn chng trnh u
ng hng vi nhu cu ca nhn dn. Cc thc lm vic (trong bi cnh thc hin cc can thip) c
tp trung lm vic vi cc c quan chnh ph nh l cc i tc chnh thc hin d n. y l mt chin
lc logic trong vic cng c cc c ch chnh (nh qun tr) p ng cc vn ph hp vi UNFPA,
mc d vn c nguy c l tnh c lp (hoc s c lp cm nhn c) ca UNFPA li bin mt. iu
quan trng i vi UNFPA l va duy tr cc mi quan h vi cc i tc pha chnh ph v va phi m
rng thm mi quan h vi nhiu i tc khc, c bit l cc t chc phi chnh ph nng cao nng
lc cho h v mi quan h ca h vi chnh ph.
S ph hp l ni dung thit yu ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam vi hai l do:
Trc ht, chnh sch ton cu ca UNFPA ti cc quc gia thu nhp trung bnh i hi phi c
c s chuyn tip v xc nh li vai tr chnh trong cc hon cnh nh vy.
Th hai l chnh khi nim ny miu t mt thch thc c th cho cc quc gia s ti v cc i
tc quc t c th khng nht tr vi nhau v mt s ni dung chnh c th l cc ni dung c
lin quan n quyn hoc vai tr ca cc tc nhn phi chnh ph.
Nh nu trn, l do th hai lin quan ti quyn c v khng kh nh ngi ta mong i Vit

Nam, mt quc gia m chnh ph v cc t chc quc t mt cc quan im va trng lp va khc bit,
thay v cc v tr hai u cc v cch tip cn da trn quyn. Tuy nhin vn v vai tr ca cc t
chc phi chnh ph khng c xem l ph hp hoc xem l vn sng cn i vi chnh ph. iu
43
ny c th khin cho cc t chc quc t khng u t vo cc mi quan h vi cc t chc phi chnh

ph trnh s i khng khi lm vic vi nh nc.
S ph hp ca UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong khi nhu cu ca ngi dn v s ph hp vi cc u tin ca
quc gia mang 2 ngha gi nh. Gi nh th nht l nhu cu ca nhn dn c th l cc nhm d b
tn thng c cn nhc kp thi khi a vo qu trnh lp k hoch. Gi nh th hai l cc mc tiu
v chin lc ca ba ni dung chng trnh u nht qun vi cc u tin ca K hoch Mt LHQ, ph
hp vi cc chnh sch v chin lc quc gia v trong K hoch Chin lc ca cc vn phng UNFPA.
CU HI NH GI 1: Cc h tr ca UNFPA (i) p ng nh th no i vi nhu cu ca ngi dn;
v (ii) c ph hp vi cc u tin ca cc khung chnh sch quc gia hay khng?
Kt qu 1: Chng trnh Quc gia v cc ni dung chng trnh u rt ph hp vi nhu cu
ca ngi dn v u c nhiu bng chng kt qu trn phm vi ton quc.
Kt qu 2: cp thc hin, hu ht cc cu phn trong chng trnh u c xy dng l
do, khung khi nim. Tuy nhin, s ph hp c th c nguy c b tha hip v thiu gii thch
hoc phn minh mt s chnh sch k c tip cn theo khu vc a l, nhm i tng ch
v la chn i tc thc hin d n.
Kt qu 3: Cc n lc v ngun lc huy ng xy dng c s bng chng em li cc phn
tch cht lng, tuy nhin vic s dng cc bng chng khi ra quyt nh lp k hoch v thit
k th li khng c ti liu ha mt cch nht qun.
p ng nhu cu ca nhng ngi c hng quyn: Chng trnh Quc gia c xem l kh tt
trong vic tp trung vo cc ni dung c th c lin quan ti nhim v ca UNFPA ti quc gia s ti
l theo di tin hon thnh mc tiu thin nin k. Cc d n c xy dng da trn nhu cu c
xc nh ti quc gia (c ngha l thng qua s liu v bng chng). Vn phng UNFPA c th t tin v
cc ngun s liu tt phn nh cc nhu cu ca cc nhm dn s, nhng vn cn ch c bit hn vo
cc nhu cu ca cc nhm dn d b tn thng v cha c i din. Trong mt s trng hp, c
thm cc nghin cu v bng chng c th c th gip hiu thm cc nhu cu c th ca cc nhm dn
s d b tn thng hoc b y ra l x hi. Hin ti mi c t cc bng chng nh vy do vy cn c
thm s liu tp trung hn gip qu trnh ra quyt nh. Cc thng tin phn tch v hon cnh c
trnh by trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung v cc i tc pha chnh ph cng khng nh rng tha
thun c k kt gia UNFPA v chnh ph v cc ni dung ang thc hin trong chu k ny, khng c
ti liu no vit v cc bn c lin quan khc (cc t chc LHQ khc, cc t chc phi chnh ph quc t,
phi chnh ph trong nc, cc t chc da vo cng ng, cc t vn c lp, cc nhm/mng li t
lc, v.v.) tuy nhin nhm nh gi cng hi kin h c c cc quan im khc nhau v nhu cu
ca nhn dn, nhng c th hoc cha th nu bt c ht cc u tin hin ti ca chnh ph.
m bo s ph hp thng qua nn tng phn tch k cng: cp tng th (Chng trnh Quc gia),
UNFPA thc hin mt cch nht qun hoc t chc cc nghin cu v v phn tch trong sut Chng
trnh Quc gia chu k 8. Cc bo co nghin cu sau l cc ngun thng tin cho Chng trnh Quc gia,
v c UNFPA t chc thc hin nu khng c cc ghi ch khc (trong ngoc n):
Nghin cu ban u v t l gii tnh khi sinh ti tnh Hi Dng, nm 2012

44
Tm tt nghin cu v Sc khe Sinh sn ti Vit Nam trong giai on 2006-2010, nm 2012

ng ph v phng trnh bo hnh gia nh ti Vit Nam - Bi hc kinh nghim t m hnh can
thip ca tnh Ph Th v Bn Tre, nm 2012
S chp nhn s dng bao cao su n trong nhm cng nhn di c ti cc vng cng nghip ti
Vit Nam, nm 2012
Nghin cu ton cu v Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin sau nm 2014: Cng ha x

hi ch ngha Vit Nam, nm 2012
D tnh chi ph bo hnh gia nh i vi ph n ti Vit Nam (Ph n LHQ), nm 2012
Bo co nghin cu ban u v tnh hnh bo hnh gia nh tnh Hi Dng v Bn Tre, nm

2013
Quy ri tnh dc ti cng s ti Vit Nam: Tm lc khung php l (B Lao ng thng binh
v x hi/T chc Lao ng Quc t), nm 2013
D tnh chi ph bo hnh gia nh i vi ph n ti Vit Nam (LHQ Vit Nam), nm 2013
Vit Nam, Nghin cu Cm a Ch s nm 2014, Kt qu chnh (Tng cc Thng k/Qu Nhi

ng LHQ), nm 2014
Hn nhn sm trong nhm dn tc Hmong ca Vit Nam: cc tin l gii ang thay i khng
nht qun hn ch nh th no i vi cc la chn ca cc v thnh nin ngi Hmong trong
hn nhn v cuc sng (ODI), nm 2014
Bo co Quc gia v Thanh nin ti Vit Nam (B Ni v/Qu Dn s LHQ), nm 2015
Nghin cu ban u v khng p ng nhu cu v SKSS Tnh dc ca thanh nin tnh Qung
Bnh, nm 2014
Nghin cu ban u v tip cn v s dng dch v SKSS Tnh dc v phng trnh HIV Sn,
Hi Phng, nm 2013
Nghin cu ban u v cc can thip tng cng kt ni gia SKSS Tnh dc v HIV in Bin
v Qung Ninh, nm 2013
Cht lng bao cao su nam th trng t do ti Vit Nam, nm 2013
R sot v Y t Hng nm (B Y t/Cc i tc pht trin), nm 2012, 2013, 2014 v 2015
Ti sao mt s ph n b bo hnh bi chng ca h nhiu hn nhng ngi khc?, nm 2014

Khng p ng nhu cu v dch v SKSS v HIV/AIDS: Bng chng da trn phn tch d liu
nm 2011 ca Bo co nh gi gia k (MICS), nm 2012
H thng y t ti Vit Nam: Hng ti Mc tiu bng s cng bng (i tc Hnh ng v Cng
bng Y t/Partnership for Action in Health Equity), nm 2013
Mt cn bng gii khi sinh ti Vit Nam nm 2014: xu hng hin ti, cc yu t v s khc
bit, nm 2015
Khung chnh sch quc gia v m bo cht lng cc bin php trnh thai, nm 2015
Nghin cu ban u v cc can thip tng cng nng lc cho cc n h sinh dn tc thiu s
cc vng ni ca Vit Nam, nm 2013
45
R sot cc ro cn v vn ha v t chc iu chnh cc can thip v sc khe b m bao

gm c Truyn thng thay i hnh vi tnh Ninh Thun v Kon Tum, nm 2012
Nn tng phn tch ring bit cho chu k hin ti cn cha c vn bn ha y . Chu k trc (chu
k 7) khng cn nh gi t bn ngoi cho d theo quy nh ca quy trnh chun ca UNFPA, cn r sot
ni b hng nm v nhm chun b cho cc giai on tip theo. Tuy nhin li khng c ti liu phn tch
ring bit cho Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 8. Nhm ph trch Gii c chia s rng cu phn gii trong
Chng trnh Quc gia c xy dng da vo cc kt qu v khuyn ngh t bo co nh gi quc gia
v bo hnh gia nh (Tng cc Thng k, 2010) v mt ti liu v cc vn bo hnh gii m UNFPA
xy dng (cng trong nm 2010).[62] Cc khuyn ngh t ti liu ni trn cng c s dng xy
dng nn chng trnh quc gia chu k hin ti.
Vic hon thnh bn Phn tch Tnh hnh nm 2015 [63] cho Chng trnh Quc gia mang li c hi
to ra cc bng chng xy dng Chng trnh Quc gia chu k 9. Cc ng gp c gi tr v to ln
trong vic to ra nn tng chng c ph hp cng ang c UNFPA tin hnh v cng trong tnh hnh
rng hn ca cc t chc LHQ ti Vit Nam u c s ch trng ng k n phn tch phi hp trong
Chin lc Quy v mt mi (Delivering as One). Cc ni dung ny bao gm nh gi Chung v tnh hnh
trong nc, nh gi v K hoch Mt LHQ , Kim ton K hoch Mt LHQ v xy dng mt Ti liu v
Cc La chn. Song song vi vic lm ny, mt s cc t chc LHQ ang t t chc r sot v nh gi
cui chng trnh ca h. Ngoi ra, cc i tc pht trin LHQ ang trong qu trnh xy dng bo co
phn tch v d nh ti liu 2035 sp ra mt ca Ngn hng Th gii.
Bo co phn tch cng cn nhc cc can thip c th v tin ti l ton th Chng trnh Quc gia
miu t nn tng phn tch y gii thch bn cht ca can thip v tm n cc cn c bng
chng c hn tm quc gia. Kt qu bit trc cho thy l Khung S n Chi tit cha di theo
hng dn ca chnh ph v Vin tr Pht trin Chnh thc ODA [63], v v th khng c thng tin tht
chi tit nh thng thy mt ti liu d n y . L do ca chng trnh c ti liu ha cc ti
liu ring cho vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam xy dng nhng nhm nh gi khng nhn c vo
ng lc c th phn tch y dng cho nh gi ny. Cc bng chng c ghi nhn t cc ngun
sau (d liu v chnh sch) c s dng xy dng cc hot ng ca chng trnh quc gia:
Cc d liu sn c cp quc gia ca Vit Nam (qua h thng d liu ca Tng cc Thng k)
Tha thun cng c quc t (v d T sut T vong M, t l t vong tr)
Tho lun vi cc i tc thc hin d n v B K hoch v u t/GACA
Khung chnh sch: K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (SEDP), k hoch hnh ng, lut v Bnh
ng Gii, Bo lc gii, lut thanh nin, lut dn s
Tr cc nghin cu ban u, khng thy c ti liu ghi li r rng v c th cp d nkt

qu ca cc cuc tho lun vi cc c quan chnh ph v c quan khc v nhu cu ca Chnh
ph/cng ng. 21
21
tham vn vi Chnh ph v a vo Khung H tr ca cc c quan LHQ giai on 2012-2016 c tham vn v ba cu phn hot ng ca chng
trnh ca UNFPA.
46
Phn phn tch chi tit mi can thip c nu trong Ph lc (c s phn tch Chng trnh Quc gia).
Kt qu phn tch cho thy c bng chng trong bn trng hp v kh bng chng trong 7
trng hp c ghi li trong cng D n Chi tit. Mt thch thc cho nhiu d n chnh l khng
c c s phn tch ton din trc khi thit k d n v thng thng cc nghin cu u vo li c
thc hin trong khi thc hin d n. Ni tm li, i vi cc hot ng trong can thip ti tuyn tnh u
c d liu u nhng thc c hon thnh vo nm th hai sau khi bt u d n thay v l nm th
nht. Lin quan ti cc d n cp trung ng, th gp phi hn ch nhiu hn trong hnh thc c s
phn tch m ng ra mt s d n c th c hng li t chnh nhng d liu u vo ca chnh ph
hoc nng lc ca cc i tc thc hin v nng cao nng lc l mt ni dung suyn sut trong tt c cc
d n.
Lin quan n i tng ch: cho d v mt tng th, cc can thip u lin quan ti nhu cu ca cc
i tng c hng li trn ton quc, nhng vn cn hn ch v mt a l i vi cc i tng
ch. Lin quan n cc nhm i tng ch, cc can thip ca UNFPA trong k hoch hnh ng u
ph hp K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA, Ti liu Chng trnh Quc gia Chung Quy v Mt mi
(Delivering as One Common Country Programme Document) v K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi
(SEDP). Cc ti liu chng trnh v d n ca UNFPA cho thy h hc ti i tng ch l ngi dn
tc thiu s, thanh nin, nn nhn ca bo hnh gii v bo hnh gia nh, ngi cao tui, nam gii
trong cc vn v SKSS, ngi hnh ngh mi dm, ngi di c v ton b dn chng ni chung. Nh
nu phn trn, ni chung c nhiu bng chng trong cc d liu ton quc v s c mt ca cc
nhm ny v s d b tn thng c th ca mi nhm. Phm vi ca cc nhm c v to ln hn so vi
cc ngun lc c hn ca UNFPA, v vi mc tiu ch trng hn vo xy dng v vn ng chnh sch th
kh lng ha s ngi c hng li c tc ng da vo phm vi v cht lng thc thi chnh
sch.
Qu trnh ra quyt nh ca UNFPA v tp trung cc n lc theo khu vc a l cng khng r rng. V d,
UNFPA hp tc vi B Y t tp trung vo cng c h thng y t ca Qung Bnh tng tnh tip cn ti
cc dch v SKSS/KHHG cho ngi dn Qung Bnh, c bit cho cc nhm d b tn thng. Trong khi
xc nh tnh d b tn thng, ti liu thit k d n c ghi nhn tnh c mc i ngho kh cao (21%
ngi dn sng di mc chun ngho), s ngi sng vng nng thn cng cao c bit l mt s
x vng ni cao, v c hai huyn dn tc thiu s (dn tc thiu s chim 2.4% dn s ton tnh).
Cc s liu thng k ny cho thy c mt s vn c th nh hng n dn s trong ton tnh, v
cng khng r l do ti sao Qung Bnh min Bc Trung b li c c bit u tin trong d n ny v
Tng Cc Thng k ghi nhn vng Ty nguyn Trung b l ni c nhiu ngi dn tc thiu s sinh sng
v ngha ca s hn ch tip cn ti cc bin php trnh thai v truyn thng v KHHG, v chnh iu
gp phn to nn t l ph n c con th ba tr ln cao nht trong khu vc v trn ton quc [64].
v vic lp bn vo thng 12 nm 2011 da trn tng iu tra nm 2009 cho thy cc dn tc thiu
s sng ti cc khu vc vng ni v min Bc trung b (chim 54% dn s ) [65]. Ti mt s tnh min
Bc cng c nhiu dn tc thiu s hn mt cch ng k. 22
S r rng v l thuyt thay i/tnh l gic ca can thip: nh ghi nhn, nhn mc tng th,
khng thy c l thuyt thay i thng nht cho tng th Chng trnh Quc gia. L do v khung khi
nim c xy dng cho tng cu phn v t cc d n n l s c da vo . Mi ti liu thit
22
V d: Cao Bng v H Giang
47
k d n u nu mc kt qu v u ra mong i theo K hoch Mt LHQ, Ti liu Chng trnh

Chung v K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA tng ng. Tuy nhin vic m t cc hot ng v kt qu
hu nh ch cc u ra, m khng c nh hng logic trong cc ti liu thit k d n, t dn n
khng lit k c r rng cc kt qu mong mun v cc kt qu kt ni vi nhau, nhng li c mt vi
gi nh v nguy c ngoi suy, bao gm chin lc gim nguy c v k hoch qun l. Nhn chung, kt
qu c mong i ch dng mt lot cc hot ng c hon thnh thay v mc kt qu cao
hn, v cng thiu chin lc nh gi v gim st c bit trong trng hp cc can thip ang c
th nghim m hnh nhn rng. Nh nu, cc cu phn u c l do (v d: t l gii tnh khi sinh, bo
hnh gii, v.v. ). Tuy nhin nhm nh gi li khng c cc ti liu ny vo thi im nh gi a
vo phn tch ton din tt c. Kt qu l i vi mi d n, mi tiu d n v mi cu phn ca chng
trnh, cc thng tin chnh v l do, hot ng v mc tiu (cng nh l tin ), c tri ra t nhiu
ngun. iu ny chnh l mt bt li ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong vic th hin mt bc
tranh tng th ca c chng trnh v/hoc cc ni dung ca c chng trnh i vi khan gi bn ngoi
d n. iu c mt nguy c tim tng l cc cn b, nhn vin hiu r v mc ch v mc tiu ca
chng trnh v d n, cng li cho rng nhng i tc thc hin d n v cc bn c lin quan khc
cng hp tc vi h u hiu ging nh h.
Mt s cu hi thm v s lin quan c nu trong qu trnh nh gi

Tnh lin kt vi K hoch Mt LHQ, cc chin lc v chnh sch c lin quan v K hoch Chin lc
ca UNFPA: T Chui Kt qu ni trn, v bng v Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam Ph lc, r rng c
s lin kt gia Chng trnh Quc gia v K hoch Mt LHQ cng nh K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA.
Trong s cc u ra v kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ, mc tiu v chin lc ca UNFPA u c lin
quan ti mt s cc u ra, mt s th t thc hin v mt s th cng vi cc t chc khc. (Tham kho
Ph lc u ra v kt qu ca Chng trnh Quc gia UNFPA bit mi d n lin quan nh th no
ti u ra v kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ v K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA). Trong c Chng trnh
Quc gia UNFPA hp tc cht ch vi cc B ch quan c lin quan xy dng chnh sch v ngc li
cc c quan ny cng xy dng cch tip cn ca UNFPA. Chnh nh iu ny m hot ng ca UNFPA
thc hin nht qun trit vi cc chnh sch ca quc gia v ca ngnh. B K hoch v u t khng
nh rng s hp tc cht ch gia GACA (B K hoch v u t ng vai tr chnh) trong giai on
thit k Chng trnh Quc gia nhm m bo gii quyt cc vn u tin ca quc gia th u c
UNFPA thc hin [66]. Quy trnh hp tc vi cc u tin do GACA v UNFPA xut. Mt v d khc
trong s nhiu cc hp tc l gia B Y t v UNFPA cng t chc cc hi tho xy dng chin
lc Quc gia v SKSS v TD trong giai on 10 nm, k hoch 5 nm v cc u tin sau 2015. 23
Mt thch thc i vi UNFPA l lin quan ti K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA l vn phng UNFPA ti
Vit Nam cn thc hin phn tch ton din Chin lc ny i vi tnh hnh ca Vit Nam m bo
tnh ph hp. Trong mt nh gi s lc bc u v gi nh v cc nguy c trong K hoch Chin
lc do cn b, nhn vin vn phng UNFPA thc hin trong nh gi ny ch ra rng phn ln cc gi
nh v nguy c ca chin lc ton cu ch c lin quan phn no hoc cn khng c lin quan ti tnh
hnh ti Vit Nam. Kt qu nh gi s lc ny c nu trong phn Ph lc.
Mc ch ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin nu trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung: V Ti
liu Chng trnh Chung c xy dng nm 2011, Tng kt sau 15 nm Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v
23 Cc u tin v SKSS v TD/KHHG sau 2015: 1. Lm m An ton v Chm sc tr s sinh; 2. SKSS v TD cho thanh nin v ngi cha
lp gia nh; 3. KHHG; 4. Ung th sinh sn; 5. Cc ni dung xuyn sut lin quan ti SKSS v KHHG
48
Pht trin (nm 2010) [67] cc ni dung t Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin nm 1994 24 v cc
ln r sot sau 25 c a ra lm mc chun cho nh gi ny. 26 Tng kt sau 15 nm Hi ngh
Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin xem xt mt lot cc ni dung nhng c th l xc nh mt s ni dung
cn quan tm nhiu hn [67]. Bng sau y lit k cc u tin ni cm v ch ra cc ni dung trong
Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA theo cc ni dung tng ch hoc nhm.
Tng kt sau 15 nm Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht
trin v cc ni dung cn quan tm nhiu hn
C c ngun ti chnh cn thit thc hin Chng trnh
Hnh ng ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin
Tng cng nghin cc v thu thp d liu da vo bng
chng v ton din
Dn s & Pht
trin
SKSS v TD
Gii
L vn ca quc gia thay v mc ch

/nhm
Ci thin hp tc gia cc bn c lin quan, bao gm chnh

ph, cc nh hoch nh chnh sch, cc c quan lin chnh
ph, quc hi, phi chnh ph v cc tc nhn dn s x hi
khc
m bo thc hin v thc thi cc vn bn php quy c lin

quan nhm thc hin quyn v trch nhim, bao gm cc lut
nh nhm bo tr x hi v xa b bt bnh ng
Phng chng bo lc gii trong cc chng trfinh to nh

hng thc cht ln cuc sng ca ngi ph n
Ch trng vo nhu cu ca ngi cao tui, c bit l ph n

trong cc chnh sch v dn s
Gii quyt cc quan ngi lin quan ti di c v th ha

nhanh chng
c cng nhn l mt yu t tnh hnh mi ni
Bao gm c thanh nin: Thanh nin c ch c bit trong c ba cu phn ca Chng trnh
Quc gia ca UNFPA. Thanh nin c xc nh l cc i tng hng li c th trong cc cu
phn sau:
Lnh vc
D n
SKSS v TD
D n vi B Ni v l i tc Thc hin: H tr nng lc thc hin

Chin lc Quc gia v Pht trin Thanh nin giai on 2011-2020
D n vi tnh Qung Bnh l i tc Thc hin: Tng cng h thng y t
ca Qung Bnh ci thin tip cn ti dch v SKSS/KHHG cho ngi dn
Mc ch v mc tiu ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin nm 1994 gm: duy tr tng trng kinh t trong tnh hnh pht trin bn
vng; gio dc, c bit l cho cc em gi; bnh ng v cng bng gii; gim t vong m, tr v s sinh; tng tip cn ti cc dch c SKSS
gm KHHG v sc khe tnh dc.
24
25 Hnh ng chnh c xy dng nm 1995 a ra cc khuyn ngh c th trong khung ton din ca Chng trnh Hnh ng v Dn s v
Pht trin
Tng kt 15 nm sao Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin c tnh lm mc chun they v cc mc tiu ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s
v Pht trin, theo khuyn ngh ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, bi chnh s lp li gn y hn.
26
49
Qung Binh, c bit trong cc nhm dn s d b tn thng

Cht lng gii
D n vi B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch l i tc Thc hin: Xy dng

k hoch quc gia ng ph vi bo hnh gia nh
Dn s & Pht
trin
D n vi Tng Cc Thng k l i tc Thc hin: H tr thc hin Chin

lc Pht trin Thng k Vit Nam trong giai on 2011-2020 v s dng
thng tin dn s trong lp chng trnh v k hoch pht trin
Ngoi ra, thanh vin v v thnh nin l cc ch xuyn sut trong cc d n v bo lc gia nh v
chm sc ngi gi. UNFPA c bit nhn mnh n s tham gia ca thanh nin.
CU HI NH GI 2: Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c th p ng nh th no i vi nhng thay
i ca t nc v d nh thay i v nhu cu ca cc nhm dn s d b tn thng, v cc u tin
hoc do tnh hnh kinh t - x hi thay i nhanh chng?
Kt qu 4: Chng trnh Quc gia th hin s linh hot trong ng ph vi cc ni dung mi ni, v
cam kt cc ngun lc v hnh ng. Ngoi ra, chng trnh cng th hin s sn sng v kh
nng h tr trong vic xc nh cc ni dung mi ni v vn ng c s chung tay ng ph trn
ton quc.
Khi cn nhc kh nng p ng vi tnh hnh ang thay i ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, cuc
nh gi ny cng th nghim gi nh rng vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c th p ng mt cch
y i vi cc thay i xut hin trong bi cnh ton quc. Trn thc tin, cc vn v dn s t
khi xut hin m khng c cnh bo, v vy s nhanh chng ng ph ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
(nh c nu trong cu hi nh gi ph tr), c phin gii phm tr rng hn c tnh n nhp
tng i ca cc vn dn s ni cm v tp trung vo cc cam kt ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam trong vic gii quyt cc vn ny.
S p ng nhanh chng i vi cc vn mi ni v kh nng thch ng: Mt s cc v d c cc
bn c lin quan ghi nhn rng UNFPA p ng ton din vi cc thng tin mi . V d, trong mt
chuyn cng i gim st vi Th trng B Y t v cu Trng i din vn phng UNFPA pht hin
ra cc nguyn nhn gy t l t vong m cao trong nhm ph n dn tc thiu s (khng ging nh l do
nu trong qun th dn s chung). Kt qu l B Y t v UNFPA quyt nh cng h tr thnh lp i ng
n h sinh ngi dn tc thiu s, trong khun kh can thip mi v KHHG. Hay mt v d khc,
UNFPA nhanh chng h tr thc y r sot bn s tho Lut Dn s, trong c thu thp kin ca
cc nh khoa hc v nhng ngi hot ng trong lnh vc dn s trnh ln B trng B Y t. UNFPA
t chc mt hi tho vi Mt trn T quc tranh lun ba vn ca bn s tho lut: 1) Cch tip
cn kim sot sinh trong qun l dn s; 2) Hn ch ph thai trn 12 tun tui; 3) Cht lng dn s
c bao hm c sng hc trc hn nhn v trc sinh. Kt qu l UNFPA t vn cho chnh ph chnh
sa li bn s tho v hi ha cc khuyn ngh theo cch tip cn da trn quyn. Mt ni dung khng
c bit rng ri na l Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cng th hin kh nng p ng c cc vn
50
chnh sch khi xut hin v d nh s cn thit phi lm r v th t quan im da trn quyn khi c
s khng trng khp vi chnh sch ca chnh ph. 27
Mt v d khc v s cam kt p ng ca UNFPA trong vic h tr Chnh ph gii quyt s mt cn
bng gii tnh khi sinh. UNFPA l t chc duy nht gii quyt vn mi ny sinh ny trong thi gian gn
y. Vn phng UNFPA cng vi Chnh ph t chc cc cuc hp i thoi chnh sch v chin dch
truyn thng nhm nng cao nhn thc v thin v la chn gii tnh. Tp trung vo chnh sch ca
Chnh ph, UNFPA vn ng chnh sch ni lng chnh sch hai con, mt trong cc yu t nh hng
n chn lc gii tnh. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cng vn ng Chnh ph cng c thc thi php
lut v gii v la chn gii tnh trong cc chnh sch c lin quan, bao gm c lut dn s.
Qu trnh ra quyt nh c lin quan ti mt vn mi ni hay khng cng khng d dng c thy
ghi nhn trong s cc ti liu ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam. V d, tnh dc ng gii nam l mt
vn mi ni nhng khng thy c bng chng v vic UNFPA bt u gii quyt cc nhu cu v SKSS
v TD (gm c HIV v vim nhim ly qua ng tnh dc) tnh dc ng gii nam. 28 Trong bo co nh
gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti Vit Nam mi c hon thnh (do UNFPA thc hin) cng c
phn phn tch tnh hnh quan trng UNFPA cn nhc trong thi gian ti, nh to hn v bin ng
dn s trong mi tng quan n thay i kh hu cha c cp trong chu k 8.[62] R rng vi
ngun lc c hn, UNFPA cng khng b trng i l c th gii quyt tt c cc vn v nhu cu. Tuy
nhin, cn phi nhn thc c cc vn v chng minh cn nhc a vo chin lc caVn
phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v ra quyt nh u tin gii quyt. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cho bit
rng cc vn v tnh dc ng gii nam c tho lun trong ni b nngay t u chu k nhng do
khng phi l ni dung u tin ca UNFPA v thm na cng c cc t chc khc ang hot ng mt
cch hiu qu v ni dung ny.
Nng lc nh hng li/iu chnh mc tiu trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung v K hoch hng
nm: iu chnh cc mc tiu dng nh khng phi l thit yu trong c chu k. u ra ca Ti liu
Chng trnh Chung ph hp vi u ra ca K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA v v cng ng hng vi
Kt qu ca K hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA. Trong khi yu cu cc vn phng i din ti cc quc gia
phi tun th theo K hoch Chin lc, khi xem xt k lng Kt qu ca K hoch Chin lc cho thy
mi kt qu u hm cha cho nhiu cu phn. iu ny gip cho cc vn phng i din ti cc nc
c c nhiu linh hot khi cn phi u tin cc mc tiu. Tng t vy Ti liu Chng trnh Chung
cng c cc mc tiu rng to iu kin linh hot cho cc k hoch hng nm. V cc k hoch hng nm
c xy dng theo tng nm v ch cho nm nn, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c th iu chnh
cc hot ng v tp trung vo vic p ng cc u tin nu cn. Khi , Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
c th m bo va tip tc theo ui cc mc tiu ban u ca Ti liu Chng trnh Chung va p
ng cc nhu cu cp thit v mi ni.
ng thi vi cc linh hot nu trn, chnh t cc bn c lin quan li cho rng Vn phng UNFPA ti
Vit Nam khng linh hot khi thc hin Ti liu Chng trnh Chung bi v c ph duyt hoc nht tr
vi chnh ph v v th quy trnh thay i cc ni dung/thnh phn c cho l qu phc tp [66]. Tuy
nhin, mt cch chin lc, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cng th hin s sn sng ch tr qu trnh
27
Bng chng t cc cc c quan LHQ trong mt cuc phng vn v v th ca UNFPA v cc bin php pht ngi hnh ngh mi dm
28
Theo Gim st Lng ghp Hnh vi v Sinh hc ln II nm 2012, t l nhim HIV trong nhm Tnh dc ng tnh Nam l trn 10%. T l nhim
cc vim nhim ly qua ng tnh dc khc cng trong khong 7.5-21.5%, trong khi t l s dng bao cao su mt cch nht quan ch mc
di 50% ti tt c cc tnh thnh.
51
r sot vi quan im chun b cho cc thay i c bit trong tng lai. UNFPA tin hnh cuc
nh gi Gia k ca Chng trnh Quc gia nhm xc nh cc ni dung cn u tin vi phng chm
v cch thc s thay i t trc tip thc hin sang i thoi chnh sch da trn nn tng cc chnh
sch t chc trn ton cu lin quan n phng thc thc hin v phn b ngun lc trong tnh hnh
Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia c thu nhp trung bnh.
T quan im ca i tc tuyn trung ng th trong qu trnh lp k hoch UNFPA cng khng c s
linh hot. Mt s i tc mong i c hp tc hiu qu hn vi UNFPA trong vic iu chnh cc k
hoch hot ng. Mt i tc tuyn trung tng ly v d l kh tht vng khi UNFPA ra quyt nh
c xem l kh nh khi chuyn lch ca mt cuc hp [66]. Mt khc, UNFPA cng th hin l kh linh
hot v thay i k hoch nhng li khng c mt i tc thc hin d n hng ng lm l khi c
s bt ng vi thit k ban u ca d n 29 [66]. T chung l UNFPA dng quyn ca mt nh ti tr
ln iu chnh hng tp trung ca d n v chm tr trong khi ng d n lm cho c UNFPA
v i tc u tht vng [66, 68, 69].
29
Trong ni dung ca mt trong s cc d n, sau khi r sot kt qu ca d n, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam quyt nh iu chnh li gii
quyt vn khng p ng nhu cu. thit k giai on hai th phi tin hnh nh gi nhu cu. Tuy nhin, ti liu cho thy trong thit k
ban u khng c nh gi nhu cu ban u. Do vy vic nh gi nhu cu v thit k li hot ng mt nhiu thi gian v do d n
khng c bt u cho ti gia nm 2015.
52
4.2.Hiu qu ca Chng trnh Quc gia

Tm tt: Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam lun tp trung vo cc ni dung nm trong li th so snh ca
t chc (SKSS v TD, Dn s v Bo hnh gii) nhng trong cc ni dung ny th li giari quyt mt laojt
cc ni dung v t c nhiu kt qu n tng. Thch thc chnh khi nh gi phm vi hiu qu ca
Chng trnh Quc gia l phm vi cng vic hon thnh v c lu nhiu ni (ti liu) v thng tin
li xuyn sut trong tt c cc ti liu ny. C mt s vn v cu trc trong c thit k chng trnh,
cc cu phn v h thng Gim st & nh gi. Thit k ca chng trnh rt cuc cng th hin bng
cc d n c thc hin, trong c phn gim st v bo co. Tuy nhin, gim st ch dng u ra
ni chung nn b l c hi o c tnh hiu qu ca can thip khi c thc hin v/hoc tin trin, v
ni chung c mt khong hng trong ti liu ha mt cch h thng cc hot ng ca chng trnh
nm ngoi nh dng ca d n. Nhn tng th, kho v ln theo v xc nh cu chuyn thnh cng ca
chng trnh, cho d chng trnh quc gia t c kt qu ng k trong sut thi gian ca chu k.
(xem Bng di y)
Bng 5: Thnh tu ca Chng trnh Chung xt theo cc ch s (Vn phng i din UNFPA t nh gi)
Nng cao nng lc v xy dng, cung cp v s dng s liu (Kt qu 4, u ra 12 )
u ra Mt K hoch 1.1.1: Nng cao nng lc cho i ng xy dng, cung cp v s dng s liu lp k hoch v ra quyt nh pht trin kinh t
x hi da vo bng chng
ng gp ca UNFPA
Ch s, s liu u k v ch tiu v
u k
Ch tiu
t
ng gp ca UNFPA
Kt qu Chng trnh Quc gia
u ra 12 ch s 2
1
1
1
t
UNFPA
S lng h thng d liu c s liu
(2014)
(1): S liu cht lng cao, phn b
lin quan n dn s d dng tip
cn c qua cc trang web gip
theo tui, gii tnh v cc yu t
lp c bn v cc vng bt
nhn khu hc, lun sn c v tng
cng nng lc cho B KH v
bnh ng kinh t - x hi v nhn
khu hc
T/Tng cc TK v cc B c lin
quan s dng s liu cho lp k
Ti liu Chng trnh Chung CCPD
0
5
5
t
hoch, gim st v nh gi cc
1.2 S lng cc ch s mi v ch s (2011)
chin lc v chnh sch x hi v
c thay i v dn s, sc khe
dn s quan trng, cp trung
sinh sn v gii, c phn b theo
ng v vng trong ton quc.
tnh lun sn c phc v cho h
thng ch s thng k quc gia.
3
2
2
t
1.1 S lng iu tra v nghin cu
(2011)
Tuy nhin do qu
cp quc gia vi s liu, phn b
trnh thc hin b
theo tui, gii tnh v tnh, lun sn
ko di trong nm
c gim st tin hon thnh
2014, mt s
Mc tiu Pht trin Thin Nin k v
nghin cu b
cc u tin trong K hoch Pht
chm n nm
trin Kinh t X hi.
2015
Bng chng cht lng cao lun sn c cc nh lp chnh sch s dng (Kt qu 4 u ra 14 )
K hoch mt LHQ u ra 2.1.1: Bng chng cht lng cao lun sn c cc nh lp chnh sch s dng xy dng, gim st v nh gi vic xy
dng cc chnh sch v vn bn php quy lin quan n an sinh x hi.
Kt qu ca Chng trnh quc gia
0
2
2
t
ca UNFPA/CP (2): Bng chng v
2.1 S lng cc nghin cu chnh
(2011)
cc khong hng gia chnh sch
sch v nh gi v cc h thng
thc thi trong h thng bo tr x
bo tr x hi cho ngi cao tui,
hi cho ngi cao tui, thanh nin,
ngi nhp c tr tui v ngi
ngi nhp c v ngi thiu s
thiu s c s dng trong cc
lun c sn v nng lc ca B KH
din n chnh sch ph hp.
v T v cc b ngnh c lin quan
c tng cng s dng cc
53
bng chng trong cc chin lc

v chnh sch quc gia/khu vc.
Cung cp cc h tr k thut v gp chnh sch tng tng (Kt qu 1, u ra 1 )
K hoch Mt LHQ u ra 2.2.1: Cung cp cc h tr k thut v gp chnh sch tng cng cc cu phn ca h thng y t v th y, bao gm cc
h thng thng tin v to lp cc bng chng ti cp quc gia v khu vc.
Chng trnh Quc gia UNFPA kt
u ra 1 ch s 1 Xy dng cascc
Khng ph
C
C
t
qu (3): Tng cng nng lc ca
hng dn, phc v chun mc
hp
B Y t cng c h thng y t,
cho nhn vin y t v cung cp dch
bao gm H thng qun l thng tin v sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc
y t ton din HMIS v pht trin
cht lng cho v thnh nin v
chin lc ngun nhn lc da vo
thanh nin
nng lc c th l ch trng ti
nhm dn s dn tc thiu s.
Nng lc ti tuyn trung ng v khu vc c tng cng y mnh (Kt qu 4 u ra 15 )
K hoch mt LHQ u ra 2.2.4: Nng lc ti tuyn trung ng v tuyn khu vc c tng cng ci thin cc bng chng v tip cn rng ri v
s dng cc gi dch v cht lng, nhy cm gii v dinh dng, sc khe sinh sn v tnh dc, v thnh nin, chm sc b m v tr s sinh v sc
khe tr em.
Ch s 4: S lng cc chnh sch
0
3
0
Khng tip
qu (4): Cc la chn chnh sch
c tnh chi ph c B Y t xc
(2011)
Thay i u tin:
tc
da vo bng chng lun sn c
nh nng cao cht lng v s
Vo thi im
c th nhn rng trn ton quc
dng ti a trong dch v SKSS v TD
nh gi gia k,
nhm khuyn khch tip cn rng ri ton din
Ban lnh o
ti dch v sc khe sinh sn v tnh
quyt nh ngng
dc c th l i vi nhm nhn s
phn ln cc d
d b tn thng, bao gm c thanh
n phn tnh Chi
nin v dn tc thiu s.
ph Hiu qu. Ch
thc hin c hai
d n.
Tng cng cc khung chnh sch quc gia v HIV (Kt qu 4 u ra 14 )
K hoch mt LHQ u ra 2.4.1: Tng cng cc khung chnh sch quc gia v HIHV ch o cc can thip da vo bng chng gii quyt hiu
qu k th, phn bit i x, bt bnh ng v khng cng bng.
Ch s 5: S lng cc chnh sch
0
3
1
t mt
qu (5): Cc chnh sch da vo
c tnh chi ph c sn tng tip (2011)
Thay i u tin:
phn
bng chng sn c cung cp dch cn vi dch v SKSS v TD cho
nh trn
v SKSS v TD k c dch v v
nhng ngi hnh ngh mi dm.
phng trnh HIV ti nhng ngi
hnh ngh mi dm.
Tng cng khung chnh sch v lut php, cc chng trnh v thc hnh lin quan n gii (Kt qu 3 u ra 10 )
K hoch mt LHQ u ra 2.4.3: Tng cng khung chnh sch v lut php, cc chng trnh v thc hnh lin quan n gii gii quyt mt cch
hiu qu cc vn v bt bnh ng v khng cng bng gii, bo hnh gii v phn bit i x v gii.
0
1
1
t
qu (6): Xy dng c k hoch
6.1 S lng cc m hnh can thip
(2011)
ng ph cp quc gia nhm s dng nh hng k hoch hnh ng ca
phng php tip cn nhy cm v
B Y t trong vic gii quyt vn
vn ha gii quyt vn mt
mt cn bng gii khi sinh.
cn bng gii khi sinh.
C ch iu phi a ngnh nh hng hiu qu (Kt qu 3 u ra 10 )
K hoch mt LHQ u ra 2.4.4. C ch iu phi a ngnh nh hng hiu qu qu trnh lp k hoch, d tr ngn sch, gim st v nh gi mt
cch ton din v da vo bng chng ng ph mt cch bnh vng vi vn v bt bnh ng v khng cng bng gii, bo hnh gii v phn
bit i x v gii.
Ch s 7: Gi dch v ton din ti
Khng
C
C
t
qu (7) Gi dch v ton din ti
thiu gii quyt vn bo hnh
(2011)
thiu v phng trnh, chm sc v
gii c trong khung quc gia v bo
iu tr, bo v, v h tr nn nhn
hnh gii
bo hnh gii c xy dng da
vo cc bng chng, thc hnh tt
v bi hc kinh nghim t cc m
54
hnh th im.
Cc n v c bu chn c hng li t vic nng cao kin thc (Kt qu 4 u ra 15 )
K hoch mt LHQ u ra 3.1.1 Cc n v c bu chn c hng li t vic nng cao kin thc v qun tr kin thc tip cn ti cc nghin
cu v s liu cht lng cao nhm nh hng cc nhim v lp php.
K hoch mt LHQ Kt qu (8): Cc
Vn kin CTQG (CPD) 8.1 Phm vi
Khng ph hp 4
4
t
n v c bu chn cp trung
ca cc kt qu nghin cu c lin
ng v khu vc c h tr xy quan c tho lun v cn nhc
dng cc chnh sch v chin lc
s dng vi chnh sc cn b c
da vo bng chng trong cc ni
la chn qun l vic thc thi cc
dung v dn s, SKSS v gii, v
lut v chin lc v dn s, SK v
qun l s thc hin cc chnh sch
TD, v bo hnh gii.
.
Thc hin c hiu qu chng trnh quc gia hin ti (chu k 8), v phn tch, nh gi chng trnh quc gia thit k chng trnh quc gia
mi cho quc gia 'mu hng' (2017-2021) (Kt qu 4 u ra 14 )
Vo nm 2015, vn phng i din
Vn phng i din ti Vit Nam
Khng
C
C
t
ti Vit Nam s h tr 13 i tc
(CO) 2 S sn c ca cc bo co
(2014)
thc hin d n cp Trung ng
nh gi CTQG v nh gi nhanh v
thc hin k hoch hot ng ca
tnh hnh dn s v pht trin (ASPD)
h cng nh tin hnh nh gi
cung cp ni dung xy dng vn
chng trnh quc gia (CPE) v nh kin CTQG tip theo (CPD)
gi nhanh v tnh hnh dn s v
Vn phng i din ti Vit Nam
0
13
13
t
pht trin (ASPD). Cc ni dung ny
(CO) 1: S lng bo co d n hng (2014)
s dng xy dng chng trnh
nm c np ti cc i tc thc
quc gia giai on mi (2017-2021). hin d n cp Trung ng
Ngun: Bo co nm 2015 Vit Nam [71]
Cc cu hi nh gi c th trong cuc nh gi ny tp trung vo cc ni dung chnh ca ba cu

phn chng trnh. Cc cu hi nh gi s 3 n 5 di y nhm nh gi ln lt cc thnh tu
trong cu phn Dn s v Pht trin, SKSS v TD v Bnh ng Gii. Cu hi nh gi 6 nhm nh gi s
lng ghp cc phng php tip cn da trn quyn.
Cc phn sau y va nh gi v hiu qu theo tng cu hi c th va l phn ph hp b sung cc
kt qu v nh gi tng th thnh tu lin quan n phng thc hot ng chnh ca UNFPA. Ti liu
nh hng chin lc nm 2012 xc nh r phng thc hot ng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam nh nng cao nng lc, thu to bng chng v t chc i thoi chnh sch [55]. Mi cu c
tho lun ngn gn sau y.
Kt qu 5: V d v phng php nng cao nng lc vi cc kt qu bn vng th hin rng
chng trnh c th to ra cc thay i lu di, c th l khi lin quan n chuyn sang cho cc i
tc tuyn trung ng vai tr s hu v kh nng lnh o trong mt s ni dung c th . Tuy
nhin, mt s sng kin nng cao nng lc tuyn trung tng v khu vc u c kt qu khng
ng nht th hin phng pho tip cn cha sun s trong thc hin chin lc nng cao nng
lc.
Nng cao nng lc cho cc i tc thc hin: Mc tiu u tin ca phng thc thc hin kh tham
vng l vn bn ch o c vit ni dung th nht trong nng cao nng lc l xy dng cc m hnh
chi ph-hiu qu v su vn . Tuy nhin vn tranh lun l trc tin cc i tc thc hin d n cn
c nng cao nng lc thc hin cc m hnh. Tuy nhin, do y l mc tiu cho nn UNFPA
chun b bn phn tch chi ph-hiu qu cho tng lnh vc can thip. Theo cc ti liu v phn tch chi
ph-hiu qu v tm lc chin lc, cc la chn chnh sch sau c tnh chi ph gm: tip cn rng
55
ri ti dch v SKSS v TD, thng qua cng c h thng y t [57]; gi can thip v lm m an ton hng
n cc ph n dn tc thiu s [57, 72-75]; lin kt dch v SKSS v TD vi HIV [76], bao gm c ngi
hnh ngh mi dm [57, 77]; gi can thip ti thiu v bo hnh gii, tp trung c th vo phng trnh
v gii quyt y t [57, 78, 79]; gi can thip v mt cn bng gii khi sinh [57, 80]; gi can thip v nhu
cu bo tr x hi cho ngi cao tui, c bit l chm sc y t [57]; v cc cc tip cn gim hi cho
ngi hnh ngh mi dm [81].
Tuy nhin, cc nhm ca UNFPA ghi nhn rng bn phn tch chi ph-hiu qu ca mt s can thip
khng c ngha tip tc v khng o c tc ng [82, 83]. iu ny t ra mt s cu hi xung
quanh vic thit k, tnh kh thi, tng v mc ch ca can thip, nu khng p ng c mc ch
ban u ny v nng cao nng lc cho cc i tc thc hin d n trong vic xy dng cc m hnh chi
ph-hiu qu. V tng th, cc can thip m hnh ny cn c chin lc theo di v nh gi c th
hn. Trong mt s ti liu thit k d n v phn tch chi ph-hiu qu, c mt s khuyn ngh mt s
phn thu thp v phn tch s liu n cui d n nhng y khng phi l l tng hoc thm ch c
th khng thc hin c. Vo thi im cc can thip c a vo ti liu thit k d n cho cc bn
i tc thc hin d n, th li thy thiu cc ch s kt qu v khng phi c tt c cc d liu ban u
y c th so snh vi d liu cui d n.
Lnh vc th hai trong nng cao nng lc c lin quan n nng cao nng lc th ch xy dng v s
dng s liu, gim st v vn ng chnh sch, cng c h thng y t v phi hp a ngnh. Qua kin
phn hi ca cc i tc v cc bn c lin quan, v kt qu ca cc chnh sch khc nhau v cc sng
kin php quy m vn phng UNFPA h tr, c thy bng chng l s dng s liu v dn s v iu
ny th hin mt bc tip ng k. Kt qu nh gi cng ch l cn nhiu vic phi lm cc i tc
hiu r thm v cc khong hng trong nng lc. Tuy nhin, ni chung, khng c nhiu cc ch s trong
khung theo di v gim st ca UNFPA nhm gip xc nh r phm vi nng lc th ch c nng
cao nh th no trong tng lnh vc k trn.
V d v nng cao nng lc hiu qu
Cc hot ng nng cao nng lc u c thy c ba cu phn ca Chng trnh Quc gia ca
UNFPA. Cc i tc ti tuyn tnh ghi nhn rng sau khi lm vic vi UNFPA, h cng t c mt s k
nng nh lp k hoch d n, thc hin, gim st v qun l v h c th p dng sang cc lnh vc khc
trong cng vic. Ti tuyn trung ng: nhiu c quan i tc nh gi cao s h tr nng cao nng lc.
V d, nh c h tr ca UNFPA, y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi xy dng b cng c theo
di v nh gi; B Y t ng ch tr Hi tho Quc gia ly kin v cc u tin SKSS v TD/KHHG sau
2015 v hp hng qu ca Nhm cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc SKSS; v xy dng huwow3sng
dn chun quc gia v SKSS v TD. Mt s cc hot ng khc cng c UNFPA h tr trc nhng
nay do B Y t iu hnh. Cc thay i v nng lc cng c nhn thy cc hot ng mi m cc i
tc thc hin trong chu k ny vi s h tr ca UNFPA: y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi
c h tr xy dng b cng c gim st nhm h tr cc i biu quc hi gim st thc hin Lut v
ngi cao tui v v Kim sot v phng chng bo hnh gia nh.
Hp tc Nam Nam: hp tc Nam Nam l mt can thip chin lc hot ng vn ng v chnh sch
ca UNFPA v nng cao nng lc theo cc kt qu ca K hoch Chin lc [56]. C nhiu v d v hp
tc Nam Nam lin quan ti h tr cc i tc tham gia vo cc chuyn tham quan hc hi v hi ngh
56
khu vc. Tn sut tham gia v cc chuyn tra i hc hi kinh nghim ch ra rng UNFPA c nhng n
lc nht qun trong ni dung ny. Cc i tc trong nc nh gi cao cc c hi ny gip tip cn ti
cc m hnh v kinh nghim tng t v khc bit. V d, mt cn b ti tuyn tnh Qung Bnh tham gia
vo cc chuyn i thm quan; cn b ca B Y t tham d Hi ngh Chu Thi Bnh Dng v SKSS v
TD v quyn Phi-lp-pin, Thi lan v Ma-lay-xia. UNFPA xc nh mt m hnh ca Malaysia v ng
ph v Gim st T vong M v t chc chuyn i thm quan ti Malaysia v mi cc chuyn gia sang
Vit Nam chia s kinh nghim. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cng thc y s hp tc gia Tng
Cc Thng k Vit Nam v Vn phng Thng k ca Cam pu chia, Lo, ng Ti mo v Myanmar v thu
thp d liu quc gia v bo hnh ph n v em gi. UNFPA cng h tr cc lnh p nh nc hc tp
Thy in v Can-na-da cch ng ph vi bo hnh gii, v m hnh nh lm vic vi nam gii, lm vic
vi ngi gy ra bo hnh chm dt bo hnh gii, hoc cc dch v khc c Chnh ph Vit Nam
p dng ng ph v phng chng bo hnh gii (cc bi hc kinh nghim t cc chuyn tham quan
ny c a v xut quc gia nhm phng chng v ng ph vi bo hnh gii giai on 20162020).
Ngoi ra, cc vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v Nepal thc hin hp tc Nam Nam trong vic trao
i kinh nghim v h thng gim st v nh gi.
Kt qu 6: Chin lc thu to bng chng thng qua nghin cu v iu tra c thc hin thnh
cng v c s lng v cht lng. Tuy nhin cha tht r rng v hiu qu ca chin lc thu to
bng chng thng qua cc can thip c thc hin. Tuy nhin, vn c cc c hi tm hiu v
hc hi t cc sang kin ny, quan trng l ti liu ha nhng ni t thnh cng v nhng ni
m mc ch ban u t ra c v khng t c vo cui k.
Thu to bng chng c d nh t hai ngun. Ngun th nht l t phn tch chi ph-hiu qu, nh
nu pha trn, ca cc can thip c th c chnh ph nhn rng trn ton quc v lin kt vi k
hoch nhn rng. Ngun th hai l cc bng chng c thu tp v phn tch t h thng ch s thng
k ton quc (v d: h thng qun l thng tin y t HMIS), iu tra ton quc (v d: iu tra vim
nhim ly qua ng tnh dc, iu tra bo hnh gii), nghin cu nh tnh, quy chun th gii/khu vc
v cc m hnh/thc hnh tt nht nhn rng. Trn thc t, c nhiu kt qu t cc phi iu tra
thc hin v d liu s dng nhng vn s dng qu t cc v d v cc ngun bng chng khc. Vi
phn nhiu ngn sch dnh cho cc d n, th mt cu hi t ra l liu c nn phn b thm nhiu
ngun lc cho tic thu to cc bng chng hn l thc hin cc m hnh can thip ca d n khng.
y l mt cu hi quan trng v mt s m hnh khng phi l mi i vi Vit Nam, v d nh m hnh
v bo hnh gia nh v cc m hnh chm sc ngi cao tui, tuy nhin cc m hnh ny li l mi i
vi chng trnh UNFPA. 30 UNFPA lm vic vi mt s tnh v mt s vn t chu k trc. Cho d
30
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cng chia s rng th im m hnh bo hnh gii l mi m i vi chu k hin ti. Trc y, UNFPA c h
tr S Y t tnh Bn Tre h tr nn nhn ca bo hnh gia nh. S pht trin trong chu k nay l to lp c c ch ng ph a ngnh (thm
chuyn tuyn, t vn v dch v bo tr/an ton cho bn nhn). UNFPA tp trung vo cc dch v y t v cc ng ph ca cng ng bi v h
hp tc vi UNODC u t vo dch v bo tr v an ton cho cc nn nhn. UNFPA u t vo chm sc y t, dch v chuyn gi, bao gm c
mt ng dy nng v cc h tr khc trnh chng lp. C hai t chc u nhm ti m bo rng tt c cc dch v c bn u c vn
hnh v sn c ngay t khu thit k d n. 84. Hien, P.T., Vn bn gii thch ca UNFPA. 2015.
57
cc can thip c lng ghp vo chnh sch quc gia hay nhn rng sang tnh khc, huyn khc, u
l cc ngun d liu quan trng v thng tin xc tch v cc vn c lin quan v d nh hiu qu ca
chnh cc can thip , cc yu t to iu kin thun li cho vic thc hin, qu trnh xy dng v nng
cao nng lc cc cc tuyn, c s h tn qun tr nh nc v cc mc lin quan ca nh nc, v.v.
V d v kh nng hc hi c t cc m hnh can thip
Chng trnh Hnh ng Quc gia v Ngi Cao tui thc hin ti tuyn tnh: cc m hnh can thip
c th im v c v kh thnh cng nhng mc ch v tng lai ca cc can thip th li khng r
rng lm. Cho d thnh cng hay khng, cc m hnh cng to cc c hi hc hi. UNFPA thc hin
cc d n c th ti Bn Tre v Hi Dng song song vi mt lot cc can thip khc. Cc hot ng
chm sc cho ngi cao tui c d nh l c s cho vn ng/ci thin/xy dng chnh sch, v cn
nhc nhn rng sang cc tnh khc v trn ton quc nhng cc m hnh trong khung chng trnh
quc gia v vng. 31 Cc d n nhm nng cao nng lc cho nhn vin tuyn tnh, h thng gim st v
nh gi, thit lp mt c ch phi hp p ng nhu cu ca ngi cao tui, v gii thiu m hnh
cu lc b lin th h khuyn khch vai tr ca ngi cao tui trong cng ng. M hnh cu lc b
lin th h c th nghim ti Bn Tre ngay t u chu k vi 6 cu lc b ti 6 x (2 huyn).
Thit k d n ban u cho th im ti Bn Tre v Hi Dng bao gm cu phn phn tch chi ph-hiu
qu. Tuy nhin, mt s i tng c hi chia s rng cu phn ny ca d n b hy khi UNFPA
thc hin qu trnh sp xp trong thi gian thc hin chng trnh chu k 8 [82]. Vic hy ni dung ny
khng b xem l to ra hu qu ln bi v ch c thay i nh trong ngn sch v tc ng th cng khng
ng k v ng no cng khng phi l iu c k vng [83]. 32 Tuy nhin vn c s khng r rng.
Trong ti liu lp k hoch nm 2015 ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c cp n mt s mc
phn nh kt qu ca vic phn tch cc can thip: 33
nh gi m hnh da vo cng ng th im v chm sc v khuyn khch vai tr ca ngi

cao tui (iu khon Tham chiu c duyt).
nh gi m hnh da vo cng ng th im v chm sc v khuyn khch vai tr ca ngi

cao tui (bo co cui cng).
iu tra cui k v ngi cao tui ti tnh Bn Tre v Hi Dng (iu khon Tham chiu
c duyt).
iu tra cui k v ngi cao tui ti tnh Bn Tre v Hi Dng (iu tra c thc hin).
Hon thnh th nghim m hnh ISHC da vo cng ng v chm sc v khuyn khch vai tr
ca ngi cao tui ti tnh Hi Dng v Bn Tre (Cc ti liu hin c v m hnh ISHC).
xut d n v nhn rng m hnh ISHC da vo cng ng bng ngun lc ca tnh ti tnh
31
Tm tt d n UNFPA, 13/10/2015 chia s vi Nhm nh gi
32
iu ny nu ln mt vn khc ca s khng r rng lin quan ti i tng hng li ca d n trn thc tin. Ti liu d n thng
trch dn mt s mc i tng th hng ca d n. D n c thc hin nhm mang li tc ng ln c nhm dn s nhn dch v ln
trnh nng lc ca cc c quan nh nc.
33
UNFPA, 18/5/2015
58
Hi Dng v Bn Tre (bn tho ti liu d n).

Cho d c cu phn phn tch chi ph-hiu qu trong tt c cc d n hay khng, d n cng em li
nhiu bng chng gi tr t cc m hnh can thip. Mc ch ca cc d n c miu t rt r
rng l nhm xc nh tnh kh thi ca vic nhn rng m hnh. iu quan trng l hc hi c cc
l do c th nhn rng c (hay khng) mt m hnh chnh l cu trc, thc hin hoc tnh
hnh qun tr nh nc.
Cc m hnh ng ph vi bo hnh gia nh c thc hin ti 6 x ca 2 huyn ti tnh Bn Tre. Cha
c bng chng v vic nhn rng sang cc x/huyn khc trong tnh. Tuy nhin, tnh khng nh h vn
duy tr m hnh sau chu k ny da trn nn tng c ch phi hp v bo hnh gii (Ban Ch o) c
thnh lp trong khi thc hin d n [82]. Nhm nh gi cng tip cn c mt cht ti cc hot ng
ng ph vi bo hnh gia nh ti Bn Tre pht hin ra mt s v d in hnh cng nh cc quan ngi
v s ton din ca can thip.
S phi hp a ngnh tuyn x th hin rng cc hnh ng c th c thc hin t di

ln thay v t trn xung. Cc ch o xung tnh v huyn t b ch quan huy ng c
nhiu tc nhn ti tuyn x. y l mt v d hu ch th hin rng thc thi chnh sch khng
cn nht thit phi theo quy trnh thng t tuyn trung ng xung tnh m cc hnh ng c
th xy ra ti tuyn c s.
Cc hot ng tp hun, phi hp v nng cao nhn thc c xem l c hiu qu. Da trn
cc bo co, hnh nh mt mc no th bo hnh gia nh cng gim: c ngha l
bo hnh c ln ting v a ra cng khai, iu m trc ngi gy bo hnh chng chu
hu qu g. n nay, hng xm hoc nhng ngi chng kin v bo hnh sn sng gi in
cho cnh st. Theo nhng ngi c hi trong nh gi ny th bo hnh gia nh ang c xu
hng gim.
C s y t khng gii quyt cc v bo hnh gia nh phc tp v lp li, cho d nhn vin c s
y t cng ghi nhn rng h thng thy ph n b bo hnh n c s y t nhiu hn mt ln
vi cc vt thng.
Hp tc vi cnh st c bo co l hiu qu nhng cc bin php trng pht hnh chnh li

lm cho ngi ph n chn nn v tip tc phn nn vi v nh hng n ti chnh ca h gia
nh. Ch khi mt ngi ph n quyt nh chm dt mi quan h bi v bo hnh th ch y
mi mun pht nng chng ch y [82]. y l mt thch thc mang tnh ng cnh m UNFPA
nm c v tng nu kin trong qu trnh nh gi CEDAW.[84]
Cc bn i tc c gp g trong nh gi ny c v khng c nng lc, ngun lc hoc c

ch ng ph nhm gii quyt cc tnh hung phc tp hn ny.
Trong s cc bn c lin quan khc nhau, h cng chia s mc hiu bit khc nhau v cc
ng ph ph hp vi bo hnh gia nh. C i lc, c ngi chia s rng iu khng ph
hp vi cch tip cn da trn quyn v hnh nh c s gim i trong cc bo co v bo hnh
iu c ngha l xa b c bo hnh.
cp trung ng, nh nhn rng m hnh trong cc i tc pha chnh ph c v khng r rng [66].
Quan ngi c chia s v mc hiu qu ca cc m hnh (ni chung ch khng ch cc m hnh th im
v bo hnh gia nh) nhn rng. Hoc l h khng chc v hiu qu ca chnh cc m hnh hoc l h
khng r v hiu qu khi nhn rng. y cng khng r v v th ca UNFPA trong cc m hnh ny.
59
Chin lc th nghim nhn rng c v khng phi l mt quy trnh c r sot nh k trong sut qu
trnh th im m ch da vo cc khuyn ngh khi lm iu tra cui k.
Kt qu 7: Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c mi quan h i thoi cht ch v mang tnh xy

dng vi nhiu b nhng cha tm ra c mt phng php ton din ti liu ha quy trnh
t chc, iu hnh v tham d vo i thoi chnh sch.
T chc i thoi Chnh sch da vo cc bng chng mnh m c th t cc la chn chnh sch, tuy
nhin nh nu trn, n tn cui chu k cng cha sn sng. Ngoi ra, iu tra quc gia/h thng s
liu cng c dng gim st khong cch gia thc thi cc chnh sch v chng trnh hin c. nh
hng v s tham d ca UNFPA vo qu trnh xy dng chnh sch cng khng c ghi li mt cc
ton din. Khi cn xc nh vai tr, UNFPA gp phi thch thc ging nh cc tc nhn khc cng c mc
ch h tr v nh hng n xy dng chnh sch. Thm ch c khi c s kt ni trc tip gia cc hot
ng ca UNFPA v kt qu ca chnh sch, th cc lin kt ny cng khng c ti liu ha mt cch
y hoc d dng.
Bo co nm ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam (2013) c nu khung kt qu chi tit ca ni dung h
tr k thut ti Chnh ph Vit Nam trong vic cng c cc chnh sch quc gia trong nm 2013 [85]. Hu
ht cc hot ng trong ni dung ny tp trung vo "nng cao nng lc v vn ng chnh sch da vo
bng chng ti chnh ph v cc i tc cp trung ng", gm c cc b ch qun, t chc x hi,
truyn thng i chng, v.v. Bng chng v s tham d ca UNFPA vo qu trnh to nh hng cng
rt t nhng c hin din, v mt phn l v s tham gia lin tc ca UNFPA vi cc i tc pha chnh
ph, ch khng ch l qua cc s kin cng cng v c ghi li trong ti liu. Ni chung, y l ni dung
cng vic m Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam t ti liu ha nht. V d, mt trong cc c ch m vn
phng UNFPA hot ng v khng c nu trong bo co l Nhm cc t chc hot ng v SKSS.
Nhm ny hp nh k v thnh vin gm cc v cc ca cc b, cc t chc dn s x hi phi chnh ph
v cc t chc LHQ. Trong cuc hp Nhm cc t chc hot ng v SKSS vo thng 4/2015, bn tho
ca Lut Dn s mi c trnh by, tho lun v ly kin a phn hi ti chnh ph . V d c th
ny c ghi nhn trong bin bn cuc hp Nhm cc t chc hot ng v SKSS, do Nhm nh gi c
c t mt bn i tc ca UNFPA. Trong cc cuc hp Nhm cc t chc hot ng v SKSS, cc m
hnh d n SKSS trong nc c chia s, tho lun v cc chnh sch mi v lp k hoch v cc hot
ng vn ng chnh sch. Thng qua cc nhm cc bn c lin quan nh Nhm cc t chc hot ng
v SKSS, hp tc hiu qu c hnh thnh gia UNFPA, v t chc LHQ khc, cc c quan chnh ph,
cc t chc phi chnh ph trong nc v quc t.
60
4.3.Hiu qu trong cu phn Dn s v Pht trin

CU HI NH GI 3: Cc can thip cho UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc dn s v pht trin hiu qu nh th no
trong vic cng c cc chnh sch quc gia thng qua lng ghp vi cc phn tch da vo bng chng v bin
ng dn s v lin kt vi cc ch tiu pht trin bn vng ca quc gia?
Kt qu 8: cc a phng c c ph bin s liu v dn s v pht trin th ni dng mt

cch hiu qu xy dng chnh sch v chin lc, nh vy c th ni rng Vn phng UNFPA ti
Vit Nam c khi u hiu qu trong vic thay i cch ghi nhn v s dng s liu ca cc nh
hoch nh chnh sch. Thu to v phn tch s liu l mt ni dung cng vic ca UNFPA c ghi
nhn v nh gi cao trn ton cu. Tuy nhin, vic cc bn c lin quan tr Tng cc thng ks
dng s liu cha h thng c bit l cc nh hoch nh chnh sch: phn nh bn cht lu di khi
kt hp thay i ny trong xy dng chnh sch.
Cu hi nh gi ny kim tra gi thit l UNFPA ng gp vo lm tng tnh sn c ca s liu cht

lng cao, phn chia theo gii v cc yu t nhn khu hc. UNFPA u t n lc ngun lc ng k
cng vi Tng cc thng k ph bin rng ri s liu lin quan n dn s v kt qu iu tra thng qua
cc knh khc nhau. Tng cc thng k cng b chnh sch ph bin thng tin thng k ton quc vo
nm 2013, to mi trng php quy tip cn v s dng s liu v thng k. Tuy nhin, vic thc thi
chnh sch ny cn chm v cha c hng dn c th v mc s liu, c bit s liu vi m do Tng
cc thng k to lp m ngi s dng c php tip cn [86].
S liu iu tra mi c thu thp v tng hp cp trung ng: Vic thu to v phn tch s liu l
mt ni dung cng vic ca UNFPA c ghi nhn v nh gi cao trn ton cu bi cc i tc khc
nhau [67, 82]. Nhiu t chc LHQ phn nh rng thu to v phn tch s liu l mt li th so snh c th
ca UNFPA [82]. Tuy nhin, c UNFPA v cc i tc pha chnh ph v cc t chc LHQ cng ghi nhn
rng ph bin s liu rng ri (do chnh ph thc hin trong cc sng kin do UNFPA h tr) vn cn hn
ch ch cha thc s mt cch h thng [67, 82]. Tng cc thng k bo co rng h cng c tng
cng nng lc cung cp s liu theo yu cu (k c s liu th) c th l cho cc v cc ca chnh
ph, nhng cng ghi nhn rng khng phi tt c cc s liu u c cng b. UNICEF cng ngh rng
vic ph bin rng ri s liu cng cha tht s hiu qu. N lc ca Tng cc thng k khng ch dng
ph bin cp trung ng; h cng phi hp vi mt s cc t chc quc t cung cp s liu cho
mng li quc t. Vic thu thp v ph bin s liu cng gia tng nhng cc bn i tc c lin quan
cng ghi nhn rng c th lm c nhiu hn na c th l lin quan n s dng cc s liu hin c.
S liu c s dng xy dng chnh sch v chin lc: ni c ph bin s liu th chng
c s dng mt cch c hiu qu xy dng mt s chnh sch v c hi pht trin chin lc v
i thoi quc gia v cc vn pht trin. Cc kt qu v ch s chnh (dn s, dn s vng, kh nng
sinh sn, t vong, t sut gii khi sinh, lo ha, gii) ca cuc iu tra Dn s v Nh gia k (IPS)
c tin hnh ng lc v s dng vit bo co v nh hng K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - x hi
(SEDP) 2016-2020, bo co cui cng v Mc tiu thin nin k v tho lun v chng trnh ngh s sau
2015. Cc v d thm v vic s dng s liu v nng cao nng lc lin quan n s liu bao gm:
61
C k hoch tp hun cho h thng Tng cc thng k giai on 2015-2020 v la chn sch
thng k ng dng s dng cho cc trng i hc v cao ng ging dy mn thng k ph
hp vi bi cnh quc gia thu nhp trung bnh.
C cun ti liu bn cui vi ni dung lng ghp cc bin dn s vo lp k hoch pht trin
tp hun trong nm 2015, v cun ti liu NTA nghin cu lin kt gia dn s v pht trin,
c bit nghin cu tc ng ca thay i ca cu trc tui dn s i vi pht trin kinh t.
Kt qu chnh ca nghin cu v "Pht trin Kinh t ti Vit Nam: Vai tr ca Chuyn i Lao
ng v Nng sut theo Nhm Tui " cung cp thng tin u vo xy dng bo co v
nh hng K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (SEDP), 2016-2020. Cc nh hoch nh chnh
sch v nhm bin son bo co v nh hng K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi c trang
b kin thc v cc vn pht trin v dn s mi ni Vit Nam lng ghp cc ni dung
ny vo bo co.
Chuyn i hc tp/trao i kinh nghim Philippines v Hn Quc cho cc lnh o v qun l

ca V Lao ng, Vn ha v X hi, Vin Chin lc chnh sch ca B K hoch v u t
tng s lng ghp cc bin dn s vo cc k hoch pht trin quc gia [67, 87].
y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi cng vi UNFPA n hnh thng tin vn v mt cn

bng gii tnh khi sinh tng hiu hit v tnh hnh cho cc i biu quc hi [67, 69].
C xut k thut tin hnh iu tra di c ton quc nm 2015 v k hoch iu tra i
km, khng nh cam kt ca chnh ph trong vic cung cp bng chng v cc vn dn s
nh vn di c a ra cc quyt nh.[86]
c cc tin b lin quan n h tr cc nh hoch nh chnh sch s dng s liu a ra quyt

nh chnh sch, nhng i hi pht trin nng lc ni dung ny.
S lng v cht lng ca cc ti liu vn ng chnh sch, v mc c xy dng duwaj trn
bng chng: xy dng c mt s ti liu vn ng chnh sch c cht lng v thng c cc
bn i tc c lin quan nh gi cao [82].
Ti liu vn ng chnh sch
C s bng chng
Di c (nhu cu SKSS ca cng dn di c)
Mt nghin cu ti liu, ngun tham kho y vi

hn 90 ti liu ngun
T thng tin v khuyt tt
Da vo kt qu ca Cuc Tng iu tra Dn s v Nh

ca Vit Nam nm 2009
T thng tin v cc nhm dn tc thiu s
Da vo kt qu ca Cuc Tng iu tra Dn s v Nh

ca Vit Nam nm 2009
T thng tin v ngi cao tui v lo ha
Da vo Tng cc thng k. 2010. "D bo Dn s Vit

Nam, 2009-2049", chuyn kho. H Ni: Tng cc thng
k.
Nam tnh, gii v thch con trai hn (nghin cu)
Da vo thu thp s liu chnh (iu tra) trong mt

nghin cu do cc vin nghin cu c lp thc hin
Mt cn bng gii khi sinh Vit Nam nm 2014: Xu

hng, yu t v khc bit gn y
Da vo iu tra Dn s v Nh gia k (IPS) nm

2014 do Tng cc thng k thc hin
T sut gii khi Sinh Vit Nam: Bng chng mi t
Da vo iu tra Dn s v Nh gia k (IPS) nm
62
iu tra Dn s v Nh gia k nm 2014
2014 do Tng cc thng k thc hin
nh gi tc ng v s ng gp v lng hu Vit
Nam (vi T chc Lao ng Quc t)
Phn tch da trn iu tra Mc sng ca h gia nh

Vit Nam (VHLSS) t nm 2010 n 2012 do Tng cc
thng k thc hin v mt iu tra Ton quc v Lo
ha Vit Nam (VNAS) do Vin Nghin cu Y t v X
hi (ISMS) v Cng ty Nghin cu v T vn Indochina
(IRC) thc hin nm 2011
M rng tr lng hu vi khu vc khng chnh thc:

Kinh nghim Quc t v cc la chn cho Vit Nam
Da vo s liu iu tra ton quc ca Tng cc thng

k
An ton thu nhp cho ngi cao tui Vit Nam: T

thng tin vn ng chnh sch lng hu (cng vi T
chc Lao ng Quc t)
Da vo iu tra Mc sng ca h gia nh Vit Nam

(VHLSS) t nm 2010 n 2012 do Tng cc thng k
thc hin v mt iu tra Ton quc v Lo ha Vit
Nam (VNAS) do Vin Nghin cu Y t v X hi (ISMS)
v Cng ty Nghin cu v T vn Indochina (IRC) thc
hin nm 2011
UNFPA cng h tr chnh ph xut bn s liu sau:
Kt qu chnh ca iu tra Thay i Dn s v KHHG (vi Tng cc thng k)
Ch s chnh t iu tra gia k v Dn s v Nh nm 2014 (vi Tng cc thng k)
UNFPA cng t c mt s tin trnh v Lut Dn s thng qua quy trnh lp php, v xy dng cc ti
liu gim st v h tr khc cho cc lut hin hnh (v d: ti liu Hng dn v cng c kim sot cho
Lut Kim sot v phng trnh Bo hnh Gia nh v Lut v Ngi cao tui).
4.4.Hiu qu trong cu phn SKSS v TD

CU HI NH GI 4: Cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc SKSS v TD c hiu qu nh th
no trong vic p ng nhu cu ca ngi tr, cc vn v SKSS v TD, quyn sinh sn, KHHG v
HIV trong cc chnh sch quc gia c lin quan?
Kt qu 9: Cc sng kin chnh sch SKSS v TD chng minh tnh hiu qu trong thc hin cc cch tip
cn lng ghp v a chiu, trong UNFPA dng nhiu im vo ni dung SKSS v TD, v thnh nin,
KHHHG v HIV, v duy tr mi quan h hp tc vi cc bn i tc pha chnh ph. iu ny t
UNFPA mt v tr chin lc ng gp vo vic tip tc xy dng chnh sch v mi trng sa i.
Tuy nhin cc hot ng v SKSS v TD th li nhiu v khc bit ch khng tp trung mt cch chin
lc.
Cu hi nh gi ny nm kim tra hai gi nh. Th nht l dch v SKSS cht lng cao, nhy cm gii
v ton din c sn v tip cn c c nhng ni kh khn vo tp trung vo thanh nin v cc nhm
dn s d b tn thng; v th hai l cc can thip lin quan n SKSS ca UNFPA ng gp hoc c
kh nng ng gp vo tc ng bn vng.
63
Ni chung, cc d n ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam th hin c tnh hiu qu khi lng ghp
SKSS v TD vo cc ni dung khc v ngc li. Vic lng ghp hai chiu ny phn nh tham vng ca
cc Mc ch Chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA. Tuy nhin, nu khng tp trung cng vic ti mi quc gia
trong vic sp xp u tin da vo bi cnh v ngun lc, c th c nguy c l ni dung SKSS v TD s b
ko theo nhiu hng. T quan im ca chin lc ton cu th ni dung SKSS v TD ca vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam rt ng hng. Vn phng thnh cng trong vic lng ghp SKSS v TD vo cc
ni dung khc v ngc li. Tuy nhin, phm vi v s lng hot ng c thc hin v trong chnh ni
dung SKSS v TD, vn b qu dn tri v cha tht s tp trung. C th u tin t hot ng hn theo t
nh hng hn m vn p dng cch tip cn lng ghp ln nhau theo cch kh thi v c gi tr nht.
Mc nng cao nng lc cho B Y t (cp trung ng v tuyn tnh): Vi h tr ca UNFPA, cp
trung ng, B Y t xy dng cc chnh sch da vo bng chng mi. Bao gm k hoch 5 nm ca
ton quc (da vo chin lc quc gia 10 nm) [82]; v hng dn chun quc gia v dch v SKSS.
UNFPA cng iu hnh i thoi chnh sch nh hi tho xc nh u tin v SKSS v TD sau 2015.
tuyn tnh, UNFPA h tr pht trin nng lc nh h tr ti chnh cho tp hun h thng n h
sinh dn tc thiu s Ninh Thun v Kon Tum [70]; ti cc tnh khc (v d nh Bn Tre) nhn vin y t
c tp hun pht hin bo hnh gia nh [82]. 34 Qung Bnh, tp hun li tp trung vo cc hiu
thuc, cn b nhn vin phng khm t nhn, gio dc vin ng ng, v nhm kch giao tip tng
cng thng tin v SKSS v TD v dch v cho v thnh nin [70, 82]. 35
Nhng ngi c hng li t mt lot cc hot ng cui cng th cng l nhng ngi dn n vi
c s y t. C iu cha r rng l liu cc sng kin ny chuyn thnh dch v c ci thin/nng
cao cho ngi dn tc thiu s hoc v thnh nin, s liu v tc ng cng cha sn c. 36
Khi cp n cng c h thng y t, c mt s lnh vc trng tm c th c tim nng to ra cc tc
ng quan trng nh ci thin h thng qun l thng tin y t/HMIS. B Y t hon thin cc ch s v
SKSS v TD, HIV v cc ch s lin quan n gii trong h thng qun l thng tin y t (quy trnh c
khi u vo nm in 2012) v xy dng cc hng dn thc hin, thu thp v ph hin thng tin v s
liu [69]. Hot ng ny lp y c khong hng xc nh. Cng vic tip theo l UNFPA v B Y
t tip tc ci thin trong thi gian ti. C nhiu v d v cc hot ng c th thu nh khong cch v
nhm cng c h thng y t.
S sn c ca cc la chn chnh sch da vo bng chng: i vi phn ln cc d n c phn phn
tch chi ph-hiu qu trong thit k ban u, th cc ni dung ny s c thc hin vo nm 2016. V
th, cha c kt qu phn tch. Chin lc pht trin cc m hnh chi ph-hiu qu hay cn gi l "chi ph
ca cc la chn chnh sch" trong sut qu trnh hot ng v nghin cu chnh sch ban u c d
nh trong 8 can thip, trong c 5 can thip b hy sau khi UNFPA tin hnh nh gi kh thi tin
hnh phn tch chi ph-hiu qu.[24] Ba can thip phn tch Chi ph Hiu qu cn li bao gm:
Nng cao nng lc cho n h sinh dn tc thiu s [57, 72-75]
34
Nhm nh gi n thc a
35
Nhm nh gi n thc a
36
Bo co nm ca d n nu kt qu trc mt thay v tc ng lu di
64
Kt ni dch v SKSS v TD vi HIV [57, 76, 77, 88]
Cch tip cn gim hi cho ngi hnh ngh mi dm [81]
Lin kt dch v v HIV, vim nhim ly qua ng tnh dc v SKSS k c cho thanh nin: UNFPA h
tr mt s hot ng nh lm vic vi chnh ph xy dng s tho chun quc gia v SKSS v TD v
HIV; th im m hnh gim hi cho ngi hnh ngh mi dm Sn, Hi Phng; phi hp vi B Y t
xy dng m hnh lng ghp SKSS v TD v HIV Qung Ninh v in Bin; v hp tc vi B Y t d
tho Hng dn Quc gia v lin kt dch v SKSS/HIH v vim nhim ly qua ng tnh dc. Qua hot
ng tp trung vo thanh nin vi B Ni v, UNFPA h tr ci thin p ng nhu cu ca thanh nin
v dch v SKSS v TD thng qua thc hin Chin lc Quc gia v Pht trin Thanh nin giai on 20112020 [89].
Tnh bn vng v tc ng ca cc can thip lin quan n SKSS: Mt s cc hot ng thc hin the
cc cch tip cn chin lc c ngha l c kh nng cc can thip s tip tc v/hoc li tc ng. V
d, cc hot ng ngoi kha v SKSS v TD thc hin ti trng PTTH v trng i hc ca tnh Qung
Bnh c th to nh hng nh cung cp thng tin cho thanh nin. Cc hot ng nh vy c cng c
qua cc n lc khc nh i kch tng tc ti cc x v nng cao nhn thc. Ngoi ra, UNFPA v cc i
tc thc hin d n cp quc gia cng th ch ha cc tp hun v d nh hp tc vi B Ni v lng
ghp cc vn v SKSS v TD vo ti liu ca cc trng dy ngh, v khuyn khch s tham gia ca
thanh nin vo cc i thoi v sng kin cho thanh nin xut tm kim s ng h t UNFPA. Ti
Bn Tre, hot ng vi cc i tc tuyn tnh bao gm lng ghp cc hot ng truyn thng vo phng
chng bo hnh gia nh v kin thc v SKSS v tnh dc. Ti Qung Bnh, thit lp c h thng
chuyn gi gia nhng ngi cung cp dch v. Ti hin ti th cha o c mc thay i v kin
thc trong nhm dn s i tng ch. Qua chuyn i thc a v cc c hi tham vn, nhm nh gi
cng nhn c cc thng ip khc nhau v SKSS v TD t mt s cn b d n (c ngha l khng phi
l t v th ca UNFPA), trong khi mt s ngi cung cp dch v th li cho rng h khng hc c g
mi t cc lp tp hun, hay nhu cu ca thanh nin khng gia tng. 37
4.5.Hiu qu trong cu phn v Bnh ng gii

CU HI NH GI 5: Cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc gii c hiu qu nh th no
trong vic ci thin ng ph vi bo hnh gii v gia tng bnh ng gii?
Kt qu 10: S h tr ng k ca cc bn c lin quan ng ph bo hnh gii, c th l bo hnh
gia nh, bnh ng gii, v mt cn bng gii khi sinh (cng l mt vn ca Dn s v Pht trin).
Cc ng ph c th hin trong cc cam kt ca quc gia. UNFPA th hin kh nng chuyn mn
trong vic gii quyt cc vn phc tp.
37
Chin lc cho cc d n Qng Bnh, Ninh Thun v Kon Tum c bo co l xy dng trong k hoch nm 2015-2016 cho cc d n
ny nhng vo thi im vit bo co nghin cu th nhm nh gi vn cha nhn c.
65
Cu hi nh gi ny nhm kim tra mt gi nh l cc can thip ca UNFPA ng gp vo vic gii

quyt cc vn v bo hnh gii, c th l bo hnh gia nh thng qua ci thin mi trng chnh
sch v khung php l da vo bng chng ca cc m hnh th im, v mt cn bng gii khi sinh, s
dng cch tip cn nhy cm v vn ha.
Nng cao nng lc cho cc c quan cp quc gia v cc t chc phi chnh ph hot ng trong ni
dung phng chng bo hnh gii: Nng lc ca cc c quan chnh ph v cc t chc phi chnh ph
c nng cao thng qua cc hot ng tp hun nng cao nng lc, chin dch chung, hi tho v cc
chuyn thm quan hc tp. C th l y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi cng vi UNFPA xy
dng b cng c gim st Phng trnh Bo hnh Gia nh v t thng tin vn mt cn bng gii khi sinh.
Cn b nhn vin Bn Tra chia s gii hn trong vic thit k v qun l d n ni chung sau qu
trnh tham gia vo thc hin d n ca UNFPA. 38 Trong tt c cc bn c lin quan t tt c cc khu vc
t tuyn tnh, huyn n x, khi c hi u chia s rng kin thc v hiu bit ca h v bo hnh gia
nh c nng cao. 39 Ti tuyn c s, cn b Hi Ph n chia s rng h c tham d vo cc tp
hun khc nhau. Ti cp trung ng, c Hi Nng dn v Hi Ph n u chia s rng h c c hi hc
tp c t mt s m hnh nh c, Cannada, Thy in v Hn quc.
Cc chnh sch v chin lc v Mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh: TTi Hi Dng, Tnh y ban hnh Ch
th s 38/CT-TU ngy 29/7/2014 tng cng lnh o ca ng i vi vic gii quyt vn v mt
cn bng gii tnh khi sinh [69]. Cng khng r l Ch th ny c c ra i t cc n lc h tr trc tip
ca UNFPA hay khng. Tuy nhin UNFPA tin hnh mt s cc hot ng nhm gii quyt vn mt
cn bng gii tnh khi sinh bao gm thu to bng chng v chnh sch v vn ng chnh ph v cc vn
dn s lin quan n SKSS bao gm suy gim nhu cu v cc chnh sch kim sot dn s. V cc
chin lc thnh cng cp thc hin, UNFPA h tr kinh ph cho Hi Dng nh nu trn
nhm ti cc thng ip v dn s bao gm bnh ng gii v nng cao nhn thc ca cn b y t v
cc iu lut lin quan ti la chn gii tnh. Tnh Hi Dng bo co gim st chnh xc hn cc ca
sinh v ghi nhn vo nm 2014, t l gii tnh khi sinh gim 0.66%, t 118.96/100 vo nm 2013 xung
cn 118.3/100 vo nm 2014 [69]. S liu ny c v khng c ngha thng k nhng kh nng gim st
cc ca sinh chnh xc l tin cho cc n lc gim st v gii quyt vn v mt cn bng gii tnh khi
sinh.
Cc chnh sch v chin lc v phng chng bo hnh gii: UNFPA thnh cng khi hp tc vi cc
B ngnh khc nhau m bo vai tr lnh o ca b trong cc vn v bo hnh gii. Cng vi cc
tip cn nay, UNFPA cng t chc cc chin dch truyn thng i chng, mc d c cc hn ch trong
chin lc gim st kt qu, nhng nu bt ln c cc vn v bo hnh gii t cc tc nhn
khc cng c th l mt ch s kh tt, v thm ch cng kh c th tnh c s ng gp ca UNFPA
trong . UNFPA hp tc cht ch vi Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, ch ng gii quyt cc vn v bo
hnh gia nh em li kt qu l xy dng chng trnh quc gia c s tham gia ca nam gii Xy dng
Gia nh Nng dn Hnh phc, thnh vng v khng c bo hnh giai on 2015-2020 c Chnh
ph ph duyt (49 t ng, tng ng vi 2,4 triu la M). Vi h tr k thut ca UNFPA, B Lao
ng Thng binh v X hi trnh chng trnh quc gia v phng trnh v gii quyt vn bo
hnh gii giai on 2016-2020 ti Chnh ph ph duyt. Chnh ph chn Thng Mi Mt l thng quc
gia hnh ng chm dt bo hnh ph n v cc em gi. B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cng a vo
38
Phng vn c nhn khi n thm thc a
39
66
tr ca nam gii trong phng chng bo hnh gia nh vo k hoch hng nm v K hoch Hnh ng
Quc gia v Phng chng Bo hnh gia nh, hp tc cng vi Lin on Th dc Th thao trong gio dc
v em nam (v khuyn khch mi trng khng c bo hnh). B Y t xy dng hng dn v phc
lm sng cho ngnh y t gii quyt vn bo hnh gii.[84]
Tin thc hin Chng trnh Quc gia v Phng chng Bo hnh Gia nh hng ti nm 2020 ti
tuyn tnh: Hp tc vi cc nhm dn s khc nhau, UNFPA h tr cc i tc thc hin d n trong
tnh Bn Tre v phi hp cht ch vi Hi Nng dn v Hi Ph n thnh lp cc cu lc b a th h. Do
cc tnh cng ang thc hin cc hot ng phng chng bo hnh gia nh, cc thng ip cng
c a ti cc cu lc b a th h ny. Tuy nhin, mc ch chnh ca cc cu lc b l h tr
ngi cao tui. Cng khng r l cc thng ip c trc tip chia s lin quan ti bo hnh gia nh
u bi v mt s kin chia s cho bit chng khng ph hp vi v th ca UNFPA. 40 Tuy nhin, phi
cng nhn rng, cc hot ng ti Bn Tre thu ht c s tham gia a ngnh ca cc bn v bo co
nm ca d n cng ghi nhn cc s kin tp hun cho cn b y t v Gi Can thip Ti thiu (MIP) v
bo hnh gia nh [69]. Hiu qu ca cu phn Gi Can thip Ti thiu MIP khng c theo di v gim
st xem hot ng nh th no v tc ng n hoc ci thin c ch chuyn gi nh th no.
CU HI NH GI 6: Chng trnh tng th ca UNFPA lng ghp gii v cch tip cn da trn
quyn nh th no?
Kt qu 11: Cch tip cn da trn quyn v gii c tch hp mnh m vo chng trnh tng th
ca UNFPA. iu ny to ra tc ng ln tt c cc d n do UNFPA h tr. C nguy c cho rng ch
tip cn da trn quyn v gii b nht dn ti tuyn c s.
Cu hi nh gi ny nhm kim tra gi thit v chin lc ca UNFPA v tng cu phn c lng ghp
mt cch ton din cch tip cn da trn quyn v gii.
Bnh ng gii, tng quyn nng cho ph n v quyn con ngi c tch hp: Bnh ng gii u
c th hin qua tt c cc ti liu ca chng trnh v d n v cng c trch dn trong cc cuc
phng vn vi cc bn c lin quan. Cch tip cn da trn quyn c trch dn mt cch u n, v
d, m hnh can thip v phng chng bo hnh gia nh c thit k theo tiu chun quc t v da
trn quyn.[78] Cho d UNFPA m bo c cht lng bnh ng gii v cc thng ip da trn
quyn khi ph bin ti cc tng lp cc bn c lin quan cng c nhiu thch thc hn. Nh nu
trn, c mt bng chng l cc thng ip ny b m nht dn theo tng cp cc bn i tc c lin
quan t cp trung ng. 41
4.6.Hiu sut
Tm tt: UNFPA o hiu sut thng qua vic to nh hng v t l gii ngn hn l vic cc la chn
c a ra v c cc quyt nh gii ngn km theo. Hiu sut cn c o t kt qu tc ng n
40
41
V d, nhm nh gi tip thu c ti tuyn c s l cc thng ip v SK v TD v thnh nin v phng chng bo hnh gia nh khng
trng khp vi cch tip cn da trn quyn
67
by ca Chng trnh Quc gia. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c ti liu ha cc bng chng v huy
ng h tr v lm vic vi cc i tc pha chnh ph trong vic phn b thm ngun ngn sch ca
chnh ph cho cc d n. Khi r sot chnh h thng ca UNFPA th thy rng cc i tc thc hin d n
chia s rng h c kh khn v thi im v s ph duyt tng th trn phn ca UNFPA (v cc c quan
LHQ khc) rng h lm ht sc c th hi ho cp quc gia nhng h thc s chu ng ti hn
v c cu th ch ca mi c quan LHQ.
Cu hi nh gi ny nhm tr li ba gi nh: Cc bn hng li t h tr ca UNFPA nhn c ngun
lc theo k hoch, mc mong i v ng hn; cc ngun lc do UNFPA h tr c hiu ng n by;
v cc th tc ti chnh v hnh chnh cng nh cc phng thc thc hin thc hin chng trnh
mt cch sun s. Trong cuc nh gi cng c k hoch nh gi v nhn vin v ngun nhn lc,
nhng thc t khng c d liu phn tch. Tuy nhin, vn v k nng ca cn b nhn vin c
c cng c p ng nhu cu chuyn i cch thc hot ng ca vn phng i din ti Vit Nam
c lin tc nhc n trong cc cuc ni chuyn vi cn b nhn vin ca UNFPA v pha i tc. Cc
cu hi v quan ngi mc rng hn cng c tho lun cc phn trc ca bo co ny.
CU HI NH GI 7: Cc ngun lc (cng c ti chnh, khung quy nh hnh chnh, nhn vin, thi
gian v quy trnh) c s dng hiu qu nh th no trong vic t c cc kt qu mong i ca
chng trnh?
Kt qu 12: Tng th th c nhiu hot ng c hon thnh v gii ngn ngun lc tt. Trong ,
mt s vn v thi gian cng nh hng n hot ng ca d n. C mt s v d v vic lm ca
UNFPA c tc ng n by c bit ti cc B ngnh. Tuy nhin, ch tp trung vo cc i tc thc
hin cp chnh ph c th lm hn ch kh nng ca vn phng UNFPA trong vic to ra cc tc ng
v h tr n by t cc i tc c lin quan khc. Tc ng tng th (v v th c hiu sut) ch dng
li cc bo co u ra cp d n v chng trnh.
Cc ngun lc nhn c theo k hoch v cp trong cc K hoch Nm v thi im nhn c

h tr: D bo ban u v ngn sch ca chu k khng c nh mong i v cc ngun lc tuwfbeen
ngoi (v d qua ngun kinh ph ca K hoch Mt LHQ). Tuy nhin, trong s kinh ph nhn nhn c
v phn b, ni chung tc gii ngn kh cao theo Cc K hoch Nm. y c v l mt ch s o lng
ca UNFPA ton cu ch trng n ghi nhn nh lng cc u ra thay v cht lng ca cc d n.
Cm nhn ca mt s i tc cp trung ng v tuyn tnh l hnh chnh t chc ca UNFPA phc tp
[82] v qu nng n v cc hot ng gim st [82]. Mt trong s cc i tc chia s r rng v s kh
khn ca cc th tc gii ngn v bo co ca UNFPA khi i hi ch trong thi gian c 3 thng va
thc hin v va bo co. Chn chn rng quy trnh bo co v sau nhn kinh ph cho qu tip theo
c ngha l s khng nhn kinh ph ng lc, phi sau vi tun v v th thng thng cc i tc thng
phi c gng thc hin cc hot ng ca 3 thng ch trong vng thi gian l hai thng [70].
Mt s i tc c cp trung ng v tuyn tnh cng gp kh khn khi phi thay i hot ng trong
khung k hoch, v khi cc i tc thc hin d n phi i xy dng k hoch nm mi th mi
ph duyt c thay i [67, 82].
68
Ngun lc ca UNFPA c tc ng n by: Chin lc ca UNFPA nhm tng kinh ph dnh cho hot
ng trong b cnh ngun lc hn ch trong chu k tip theo. 42 Tuy nhin nhm nh gi khng c
chia s chin lc c th v huy ng ngun lc. Tuy nhin, mt s cc v d c trch dn cho bit s
ng gp t pha chnh ph ngy cng tng, v d nh chin dch nng cao nhn thc i chng v bo
hnh gii [82]. Vic Ph Th tng gn y ph duyt n "Xa b bo hnh gii khu vc nng thn
giai on 2015-2020" vo thng 2/2015. n ny do Hi Nng dn chu trch nhim vi ngn sch 6
nm l $2.4 triu la M. 43 V d v cch tip cn n by c th c thy trong chin lc rt h
tr, thng tho vi chnh ph v vic tip tc ngun kinh ph da vo iu kin hiu qu.
La chn ph hp cc i tc thc hin: Vn phng UNFPA khng a ra c vn bn tiu ch la
chn cc i tc thc hin (IPs), nhng r rng l vn phng UNFPA hng ti cc B c th vi trch
nhim ca h trong tng ni dung k thut, v d B Lao ng Thng binh v X hi chu trch nhim
chnh v bo hnh gii v cc vn lin quan n ngi hnh ngh mi dm; Tng cc thng k chu
trch nhim v s liu, v.v. Mt s cc d n c s tham d ca nhiu i tc pha chnh ph v c mt
c quan chu trch nhim thc hin d n. iu ny c v l ng c xc tin ca UNFPA lm tng
cng lin kt gia cc c quan chnh ph v cc B n lc gim c cu h thng ngnh ngang [68].
Tuy nhin, cch tip cn ny khng mang li nh hng c th nh mong mun. Cc i tc thc hin
d n bo co rng c mt i tc Thc hin ph trch chung s mang li hiu sut cao nu tt c cc
i tc ca d n u kt ni. Nhng ni cha c kt ni, vic ch c mt n v thc hin d n
khng to ra c cc lin kt (hoc hiu sut) v nh hng n mc gii ngn v bo co [67].
iu cha r l ti sao cc i tc thc hin d n li ch l cc c quan chnh ph. Trong khi vi bi
cnh t nc c mc lm ch cao ca chnh ph trong cc qu trnh xy dng v thc hin
chnh sch, s cam kt cao ca chnh ph l iu cn thit, mc d vy UNFPA cng to dng
c mi quan h vi nhiu cc i tc v cc bn c lin quan khc. Tuy nhin cu hi vn c
t ra l UNFPA xem cc i tc c lin quan khc v mi quan h vi h nh th no. Mt t chc
phi chnh ph chia s rng h c t s tham gia vi UNFPA [82], cn cc bn c lin quan pha chnh
ph th li chia s l thiu t tin vo cc t chc phi chnh ph [67]. Trn thc t, c UNFPA v cc
B ngnh chnh ph vn ko s tham gia ca cc t chc phi chnh ph vo cc ni dung v dn s
v pht trin, SKSS v TD, v gii tnh. T cc ti liu ca UNFPA cho thy r nt nht l v mi
quan h hp tc vi cc c quan ban ngnh v B ca chnh ph. L do chnh l v cu trc ca
chng trnh quc gia l tng hp ca cc d n. Tuy nhin, trong cc d n, UNFPA v chnh ph
lm vic vi cc t chc phi chnh ph, 44 v cc ni dung ngoi d n trong cc n lc i thoi
chnh sch ang c tip tc [82].
Danh sch cc bn c lin quan c cung cp cho nhm nh gi bao gm danh sch cc i tc
thc hin d n (v cc i tc pha chnh ph trong mi d n) [90] theo cun Hng dn nh
gi Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA [26]. y l mt cch gii thch hn ch v cm t cc bn
i tc c lin quan. Nu UNFPA mong mun hon thnh p ng nhu cu pht trin quc gia (ch
42
UNFPA c k hoch 2014-2016 nhm ci thin kh nng huy ng ngun lc thng qua (i) quan h vi truyn thng v i chng; (ii) mng
li v marketing; and (iii) xy dng mi quan h vi a dng cc i tc.
43
Vi h tr k thut ca UNFPA, Hi Nng dn Vit Nam xy dng n trnh ln Th tng v c ph duyt. Ngn sch nm u
tin l 4.9 t ng (tng ng vi $218,000 la M). Ngn sch nm th hai ang c trnh ln Th tng ph duyt l 10 t ng
(khong 445,000 la M). Ngn sch d tnh ca giai on 6 nm l 50 t ng (khong 2.225 triu la M). Ngn sch c ph duyt v
phn b theo tng nm theo Lut Ngn sch.
44
V d, UNFPA hp tc vi t chc HelpAge Viet Nam h tr cho d n chm sc ngi cao tui Bn Tre
69
khng phi nhu cu pht trin quc gia do chnh ph pht biu), UNFPA cn phi lp c s
ton din cc i tc c lin quan phn tch s lin kt vi nhiu tc nhn cng p ng nhu cu
pht trin. Cc i tc ny bao gm cc loi hnh t chc chnh tr x hi, cc c quan nghin cu,
cc c quan LHQ khc, v khu vc t nhn. c bit cn tm hiu v cc mi quan h hp tc vi
cc t chc phi chnh ph v m ra cc i thoi vi chnh ph v s ng gp hin ti v trong
tng li to ra cc kt qu v y t v gim ngho.
CU HI NH GI 8: Cc yu t no hn ch v thc y hon thnh kt qu?
Cc yu t thc y: UNFPA u t n lc ng k xy dng mi quan h i tc v hp tc, c
bit vi cc i tc lin quan ph chnh ph; bng chng t nhiu ngun kin phn hi ca cc i tc
thc hin d n v ca chnh UNFPA l nh s tp trung v n lc ca UNFPA. Cc i tc cp trung
ng thc s s hu cc chnh sch v sng kin, m trong nhiu trng hp c th ng gp vo vic
iu phi cc i tc pha chnh ph. ni c c ch phi hp tt gia cc c quan LHQ, th UNFPA v
cc i tc LHQ lm vic rt hiu qu thng qua cc Nhm Chng trnh Chung [82]. Ni chung s pht
trin kinh t x hi hin ti ca t nc k c nng lc ngy c nng cao cho cc bn c lin quan
pha chnh ph v cc t chc phi chnh ph, u gip cho UNFPA t v hon thnh cc kt qu.
Cc yu t hn ch: Cho d c ch trng u tin trong chu k ny [57], vn cn c nhiu vn tn ti
vi Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v cc i tc [90]. Vi cc p lc v ngn sch ca UNFPA (cng s
nh hng ti cc i tc v cc bn c lin quan ca UNFPA) cng l cc thch thc, khng phi tt c
kinh ph cho cc hot ng ph u c huy ng qua ngun kinh ph ca K hoch Mt LHQ hoc cc
ngun khc. Vic o lng hiu qu ch dng li bo co u ra. Trong h thng LHQ, UNFPA (cng
nh cc coq aun LHQ khc) gp phi cc hn ch v cc quy nh v cu trc ngnh ngang. iu ny c
ngha l n gin khng phi l ch huy ng ngun kinh ph hay iu phi chng trnh chung. V mt
i ngoi, c cu quyn lc v mi trng chnh tr Vit Nam tip tc to ra cc thch thc v d nh
khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin, v v th thp ca cc t chc phi chnh ph.
Lu c th l mt ni dung gim st s ngy cng tr nn quan trng i vi vn phng UNFPA trong
thi gian ti l: cc ch s v gim st cc sng kin vn ng chnh sch. Nh nu trn, h
thng gim st v vn hnh ca UNFPA c thit k theo phng php tip cn da theo cc d n
giao np cc u ra v kt qu. Ngay c trong cch tip cn ny, vn c nhng kh nng thin v v vic
o lng u ra so vi kt qu. C cu ny t vn phng UNFPA Vit Nam mt v tr cn nsuy ngh li
v cch tip cn gim st vn ng chnh sch v i thoi chnh sch. i thoi v vn ng chnh sch
to nh hng c thc hin vi cc nhp khc nhau theo cc cch khc nhau trong qu trnh thc
hin d n. Cn ch ng vi nhiu thi gian v ngun lc hn cho ni dung ny: p ng cc iu
kin v hon cnh ang thay i, trong khi cc thnh tu hng ti t mc ch ca d n cng c khi
sm hn nhng cng c khi mun hn theo d nh. Nu c th, h thng gim st hin ti cn chnh
sa hoc thit k li mc ch ghi nhn c cc cch thc hot ng khc nhau.
4.7.Bn vng
Tm tt: Phm vi u t ca UNFPA vo cc mi quan h hp tc hiu qu vi cc i tc pha chnh
ph em li kt qu ng k v thay i chnh sch v nng cao nng lc th ch c th c tc ng
lu di. Tuy nhin, vn bn vng khng c a vo trng tm thit k ca Chng trnh Quc gia,
trc c cch tip cn v phng thc hot ng tng t trong nhiu chu k hp tc Vit
Nam. S thay i v phng thc hot ng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong chu k tip theo
i hi phi cn nhc cc ni dung v tnh bn vng v ngha v cch lm vic mi v chuyn giao.
70
CU HI NH GI 9: Cc thnh tu c c trong chu k ny lin quan n thit lp quan h i tc,

nng cao nng lc, lng ghp Chng trnh Quc gia vo qu trnh lp chng trnh ca quc gia v
cc i tc c duy tr bn vng nh th no?
Kt qu 13: Cc tip cn chnh ca UNFPA, tc l chnh sch mi cp , c tim nng ng k v
duy tr bn vng cc tc ng. c cc bng chng v chia s chi ph ngy cng tng (trong cc can
thip cung cp dch v cng nh sng kin nng cao nhn thc) t pha chnh ph mang li ngha
thc hin trong thi gian lu di. Tuy nhin, khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin vn lun l vt
cn i vi vic to ra v duy tr bn vng cc tc ng, v cu hi i vi tt c cc m hnh can
thip l v s tip tc v kh nng nhn rng/nhn ln ca cc m hnh ny.
Cu hi nh gi ni trn nhm kim tra gi nh l kt qu ca cc d n do UNFPA h tr u c
duy tr sau khi kt thc chu k 8.
Trong iu kin chnh tr - x hi ca Vit Nam, Chnh ph nm vai tr s hu cc chnh sch, k hoch
v can thip cp quc gia. Chnh ph ng vai tr kim sot mi im vo, v quyt nh ni no s c
can theiejp h tr quc t v ni no khng c. i vi Chng trnh Quc gia ca UNFPA, vic ch
trng vo xy dng quyn s hu ca chnh ph khng quan trng bng to ra c i thoi chnh
sch v chia s mc tiu. t c iu ny cn phi c c s bng chng xy dng c mt nn
tng chung . Mt s cc khong hng quan trng c lp y trong chu k ny v trong chu k trc
v d nh t l bo hnh gii (nm 2009) v cc cuc iu tra quc gia c thc hin nh ni pha
trn.
Cc chin lc duy tr bn vng: cp Chng trnh Quc gia, duy tr bn vng khng phi l mt
ni dung c tho lun trc tip trong mi tng quan vi cc ni dung can thip v kt qu ca cc
can thip . Ti liu Chng trnh Chung ghi nhn mt s vn v duy tr bn vng tp trung nhiu
hn v ti chnh ca K hoch Mt LHQ ch khng phi l tc ng bn vng. Tnh bn vng c nu
c th trong u ra 2.4 lin quan n ng ph bn vng v hiu qu i vi HIV [60]. V th khng c ti
liu thit k chng trnh hoc phn tch can thip c nu r rng v cc chin lc duy tr tnh bn
vng.
S dng rng ri cc m hnh can thip ang c th im thu to bng chng v phn tch chi ph
hiu qu xut cc gi ca mi la chn chnh sch, thiu cc nh ngha hoc chin lc r rng v
nhn rng/m rng, v iu lm hng i tnh bn vng tim nng.
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam th hin cch tip cn chin lc trong s n lc huy ng cc ngun
lc. C bn hng dn c th Chin lc Huy ng Ngun lc [91], v bo co gia k nm 2015 ghi li
mt s cc mi quan h vi cc i tc ti tr trc y v tim nng k c khu vc t nhn [92]. Lin
quan n bn vng ti chnh, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam tt nhin s tip tc da vo cc ngun
kinh ph thng xuyn, nhng cng c tim nng pht trin cc mi quan h vi cc i tc trc tip
cp kinh ph, chia s chi ph v h tr bng hin vt.
Tim nng v tnh bn vng: Mt s sng kin c v c tim nng cao duy tr tnh bn vng:
Vn ng chnh sch ti cp trung ng. Bng chng cho thy UNFPA c nh hng v vn
ng chnh sch v h tr k thut v kin trc php lut. Tc ng ca vic xy dng mt s
chnh sch v lut c trch dn nh trn bao gm xy dng hng dn chun quc gia v
71
SKSS v TD, v u tin v SKSS v TD c th hin trong k hoch quc gia gm k hoch 5
nm ca ngnh y t giai on 2016-2020. 45
Phn chia s chi ph ca pha chnh ph cng ngy mt tng nh trong ni dung phng chng
Bo hnh gii (cho cc chin dch nng cao nhn thc i chng) [82] v phn b ti chnh cho
chng trnh phng chng bo hnh gia nh ca Hi Nng dn Vit Nam.
Nng lc qun l d n ca cc i tc cp khu vc. Cc i tc thc hin d n bo co rng

tham gia thc hin cc d n ca UNFPA l mt c hi hc tp rt ln cho h v h p dng
nhng g hc c sang c cc lnh vc cng vic khc.
Can thip c tim nng hn hp duy tr bn vng gm:
N lc nng cao nng lc c nh gi cao phn thu thp v cng b s liu nhng hiu
qu v tnh bn vng th khng r rng. Mt s d n c xem l to c hi hc hi v chuyn
giao k nng, th cc d n khc ch l n cung cp h tr k thut v rt i m khng li
tc ng lu di no.
Bng chng v chin lc rt h tr: Khng thy c bng chng v cc chin lc rt h tr c xy

dng trong cc d n giai on thit k, mc d vy UNFPA cng cho bit r l cc chin lc rt h
tr c xy dng trong k hoch hot ng nm 2015-2016. [64, 93] Cc v v v tng cng cam kt
ti chnh t pha chnh ph i vi mt s sng kin v ni dung ng ph. Nhng ni chung cha c
c cc l trnh r rng lin quan ti tip tc cc hot ng nu khng c s h tr ngn sch tip tc
ca UNFPA tip tc. Ni chung, tt c cc bn i tc c lin quan u thiu mt suy ngh di hn.
Mt s i tc c lin quan pha chnh ph ngi ngn khi ni v tng li ca chu k chng trnh tip
theo [66]. UNFPA phi hp vi mt s cc t chc v th ch, nhng c v khng c chin lc c
th no nng cao nng lc k thut cho t chc m c th trong tng li s h tr k thut cho
chnh ph v cc tc nhn khc nh UNFPA ang lm hin ti.
Ro cn ti duy tr bn vng: Khong cch gia chnh sch cp quc gia v thc hin ti tuyn tnh l
nguy c lin tc i vi vic duy tr bn vng trong bi cnh Vit Nam. y l mt vn chnh ph phi
i mt tng t nh UNFPA v tt c cc c quan LHQ khc. iu khng c ngha l ch mt mnh
UNFPA c th hoc c mong i l s t gii quyt, m cn mt cch tip cn hi ha gia chnh ph
v cc i tc c lin quan bt u tin hnh gii quyt.
4.8.iu phi cc Nhm C quan LHQ

Tm tt: iu phi chung c xem l kh hiu qu vi cc hot ng iu phi cp cao do kt qu
ca cch tip cn chung ti K hoch Mt LHQ v chia s lao ng (theo ni dung trng tm) c
thng nht gia cc i tc LHQ. Tuy nhin, s hi ha t ngng cao nht lin quan ti cc hn ch
ca cc h thng khc nhau ca cc c quan ny.
CU HI NH GI 10: Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ng gp nh th no vo vic to ra s
phi hp tt gia cc c quan LHQ, c bit trong quan im trnh chng cho
45
Bo co Y t hng Nm
72
Kt qu 14: Ni chung c mt s kt qu v iu phi hiu qu v trnh trng lp. Tuy nhin, cc coq
quan thnh vin Mt LHQ vn tm thy th cn bng ca h v b hn ch bi cc quy ch th ch
thc hin. Mt s cc i tc LHQ t mong i rt cao UNFPA, mang hm l Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam lm r cc u tin v p ng cc mong i t bn ngoi.
Cu hi nh gi ny nhm kim nh gi nh l Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam tch cc ng gp

vo cch nhm Cng tc C quan LHQ v cc d n chung, v m bo khng trng lp n lc v to ra
c s phi hp khi c th vi cc c quan LHQ khc.
Tham gia tch cc v gi vai tr lnh o trong nhm Cng tc cc c quan LHQ: UNFPA l mt thnh
vin ca 6 trong 8 nhm Chng trnh Chung LHQ: nhm v Pht trin Kinh t v Vic lm; Anh sinh X
hi; Y t (UNFPA l ng ch tr); Gii (UNFPA l ng ch tr); HIV; v Qun tr v Quy tc Php lut [94,
95]. UNFPA ch tr nhm cng tc cc t chc lm v thanh nin v tham gia nhm cng tc Hng dn
Qun l D n v Chng trnh (HPPMG). UNFPA cng h tr Nhm Chng trnh Chung v Gio dc
[95]. Ngoi cc Nhm Cng tc Chng trnh Chung, cn c mt s nhm cng tc khc. UNFPA ch tr
cc nhm cng tc sau: S liu cho Pht trin; SKSS, Sc khe B m, Tr S sinh v Tr em; Bo hnh
Gii; v phng trnh HIV. Cui cng, UNFPA cng l ng ch tr nhm cng tc v Cng c H thng Y
t [94].
Trao i thng tin gia cc c quan LHQ: Trao i thng tin c thc hin tr c s nh k qua cc
cuc hp nhm Cng tc Chng trnh Chung [82]. Cc i tc LHQ hu nh u chia s quan im rng
chia s thng tin vi v t UNFPA u t mong mun ca h c bit cc chia s v cc bi hc v ni
thnh cng l c bit hu ch, v c mt trng hp th i tc LHQ chia s suy ngh rng cn ci thin
vic trao i thng tin cho tt hn [82].
Cc d n Chng trnh Chung (lp k hoch): Quy trnh lp k hoch chung l K hoch Mt LHQ v
i vi UNFPA th c Ti liu Chng trnh Chung nh km c UNFPA, UNDP v UNICEF cng k tha
thun. K hoch Mt LHQ v Ti liu Chng trnh Chung c thit k ngay t u chu k 5 nm,
nhng qu trnh lp k hoch hng nm to c h chnh sa v b sung hot ng mi nu c vn
mi ni cm. Nh lm vic cng vi cc c quan LHQ khc m UNFPA v cc i tc LHQ c c hi tip
tc tp trung vo cc nhu cu pht trin, nh s mnh trng gia UNICEF (tr em di 18) v UNFPA (v
thnh nin v ngi ln). UNFPA ng mt vai tr quan trng trong quan im ca UNICEF th UNFPA
c c hi lm vic vi thanh nin to chui lin tc cho nhu cu pht trin m UNICEF khng th thc
hin [82]. y c v l mt ni dung quan trng c th cn khai thc tim nng kt hp gia UNFPA v
UNICEF. Lin quan n chng trnh chung, UNFPA lm vic vi UNICEF tin hnh nghin cu v bo
hnh tr em, bao gm to hn v vi T chc Y t Th gii h tr B Y t xy dng quy trnh tng
cng khu vc y t gii quyt vn bo hnh gii. UNFPA cng ang cng hp tc vi T chc LHQ
v phng chng ma ty v ti phm UNODC th nghim Gi Can thip Ti thiu ti Bn Tre v Hi
Dng. 46 [84]
46
UNFPA chu trch nhim iu phi chung, h tr th im cung cp dch v y t, h thng chuyn gi v ng dy nng, ng ph ca ca
cng ng v lm vic vi ngi gy bo hnh, UNODC h tr v php l v an ton cho cc nn nhn.
73
Quy trnh xy dng K hoch Mt LHQ v Ti liu Chng trnh Chung gip cc c quan LHQ trnh c
trng lp nh quy trnh phn chia lao ng da vo nhim v v based on mandates v li th so snh.
Nhng c nhiu cc i tc cp trung ng thc hin d n li du l quan tm ca cc c quan LHQ v
thng thng mi c quan u lm vic vi cng mt c quan chnh ph nhng ni dung li khc bit
hon ton. V d, l mt n v c chc nng chnh trong thng k ton quc, nhiu c quan LHQ lm
vic vi Tng cc thng k k c UNFPA. Cc n lc u c iu phi sao cho khng chng cho v
trng lp, nhng vn c s phn r trong cc n lc trong tng d n hoc vi cc v cc khc nhau
trong Tng cc thng k [67, 82]. Vi ni dung thit thc nhm ci thin thu thp s liu, ph bin v s
dng, c v s l tng nu cc c quan c th tp trung ngun lc nng cao nng lc cho Tng cc
thng k theo cch c iu phi tt hn. Tuy nhin, kh khn l ch khng c mt c quan no tp
trung ch vo nng lc s liu v thng k; m thay vo mi c quan li ch lo n vic nng cao nng
lc v ni dung chuyn ca c quan mnh. Trong bi cnh nh vy, nu mi c quan tip tc lm vic
vi Tng cc thng k mt cch ring r th vic xy dng mt k hoch nng cao nng lc lu di ring
r v c phi hp cho Tng cc thng k h c th hp tc l mt iu tht s ph hp cn lm.
Cng thc hin cc chng trnh: S phi hp ca UNFPA v mt s i tc LHQ c th hin qua
nhiu bng chng. V d, Ph n LHQ h tr k thut v kha cnh gii trong khi d tho Lut Dn s.
Ph n LHQ ghi nhn rng UNFPA khng cn chuyn gia k thut v gii v h c chuyn gia v ni
dung ny, tuy nhin, mc ch ca s phi hp l b sung ting ni ca Ph n LHQ vo qu trnh d
tho v th hin tm quan trng ca gii i vi cc c quan LHQ [82].
C hai d n chung gia chng trnh UNFPA vi UNICEF. 47 Tng t nh cc d n khc, vic hon
thnh hot ng v t l gii ngn l cao. Nhng d n chung c cc thch thc ca cc h thng LHQ
khc nhau. D n Mt LHQ mang hm phi hp nhiu hn v cng thc hin nhng cc c quan li
gp phi cc hn ch bi v h l cc th ch ring r vi cc h thng ring v c ch bo co ring, v.v.
Khi mt i tc trung ng tham gia vo mt d n chung ca LHQ, th hiu sut t c c v khng
nhiu. Hng dn ha hp cc nh tri tr chnh trong Tuyn b Paris 48 khng tun th c khi m i
tc trung ng c yu cu phi bo co vi c hai nh ti tr v vo cc k/thi im bo co khc nhau
[67, 82]. 49
4.9.Gi tr gia tng

CU HI NH GI 11: Th mnh so snh chnh ca vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam l g c th l so
vi cc c quan LHQ khc trong cc ni dung chng trnh?
Kt qu 15: Li th so snh ca UNFPA chnh l s h tr k thut, kh nng chuyn mn v cc lnh
vc chuyn trong tm c th l v s liu, v s sn sng v kh nng gii quyt cc vn phc
tp v nhy cm.
47
D n chung v Thn thin vi Tr tp trung vo Sc khe B m
48
Tuyn b Paris v Hiu qu Vin tr (2005) l mt l trnh hng ti hnh ng v thc t nhm ci thin cht lng vin tr v tc ng ln
s pht trin. Nguyn tc nn tng s 3 trong 5 nguyn tc lm cho vin tr hiu qu hn l lm Hi ha: phi hp ti nc vin tr, n gin
ha th tc v chia s thng tin trnh trng lp. Tham kho thng tin chi tit ti
http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/parisdeclarationandaccraagendaforaction.htm
49
Cc bo co nm ti UNFPA v cc d n chung vi cc c quan LHQ khc
74
tr li cho cu hi ny, nhm nh gi cn nhc gi thit rng Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
xc nh c th mnh so snh ca mnh v da vo thit k v thc hin chng trnh quc gia
ti Vit Nam.
Th mnh so snh ca UNFPA: UNFPA cho rng th mnh so snh ca mnh chnh l kh nng chuyn
mn v cc ni dung chuyn v SKSS v TD, Dn s v Pht trin v Bnh ng Gii [57]. Cc bn i
tc ca UNFPA cng ghi nhn th mnh ny nhng c v xc nh th mnh so snh ca UNFPA v nng
lc k thut nh cc nh cng cp h tr k thut, v sn sng v c kh nng gii quyt cc ch nhy
cm v phc tp nht [82]. Cc ch ny bao gm mt cn bng gii khi sinh, nhu cu SKSS v TD cho
thanh nin v v thnh nin. iu cng bao hm vai tr ca UNFPA trong vic cng hp tc vi chnh
ph v cc chnh sch dn s. Chnh sch dn s l mt phn chnh trong Hi ngh v Dn s v Pht
trin ICPD, v chnh sch hin ti ca Vit Nam cha tun th theo Hi ngh v Dn s v Pht trin ICPD.
UNFPA thnh cng trong vic i thoi vi chnh ph v vn ny theo cch khng i u. Bn
cnh B Y t v Quc hi, vn phng i din UNFPA ti Vit Nam huy ng mt cch c hiu qu cc
bn khc cng c quan thm n cc vn ny (v d qua cc nhm cc t chc h tr v sc khe
sinh sn trong nhm i tc Y t, v t chc dn s x hi v cc nh ti tr). V th ca UNFPA vi chnh
sch dn s hin ti cha da trn quyn con ngi cng c chnh ph bit n v to c v th
r rng trc chnh ph. Vi vai tr ca mnh, v v th vng mnh, UNFPA tip tc c cc i thoi
mang tnh xy dng vi chnh ph v cc bn i tc rng ri hn lin quan n cc tho thun quc t
m Vit Nam k kt. UNFPA c ghi nhn v nh gi cao trong h tr k thut v nng cao nng
lc thu to, phn tch v s dng s liu dn s [67, 82].
5. Bi hc kinh nghim cho vn phng UNFPA ti Vit

Nam
Cc bi hc sau y khng nht thit c khi qut ha cho cc nc khc m ch khi p dng cc
hng dn ca UNEG trong nh gi. Thay v th, cc bi hc ny tp trung vo mt s cc vn c th
ny sinh trong qu trnh nh gi m khng ph hp tht s vi cc cuu hi nh gi v cu trc cc
kt qu. Tuy nhin, cc bi hc ny u quan trng ghi nhn cc vn cn gii quyt khi vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam tip tc chuyn sang chu k mi.
Cc vn ngy cng phc tp trong ni dung xy dng v thc hin chnh sch
Vn phng UNFPA thnh cng trong vic tp nh hng n hoch nh chnh sch Vit Nam nh
a dng ha cc chin lc gii quyt cu phn v cc vn ngy cng phc tp trong hoch nh
chnh sch. iu bao gm nng cao nng lc ( nhiu cp) v qun tr tri thc (thu to s liu v phn
tch) lm nn tng thu ht s tham gia ca cc nh hoch nh chnh sch. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam to dng c mi quan h hp tc hiu qu vi cc nh hoch nh chnh sch to iu kin cho
mt mi trng m c th hoch nh thm hoc chnh sa chnh sch. UNPFPA cng hp tc vi cc
khu vc khc trong h thng chnh ph cng c cc phn cu thnh v iu kin b sung cho xy
dng chnh sch.
Kt hp huy ng ngun lc v lp k hoch chin lc/hot ng

UNFPA c c hi trong Chng trnh Quc gia chu k ti thit k chin lc tng th v cc cu phn
trong chng trnh nhm c c cc hot ng trn nn tng v gia tng t cc bc trc . iu
75
ny thc hin c thng qua tm lc c cc mong i ca cc bn i tc nhng khng vt qu

cam kt. iu quan trng hn l s gip lp k hoch cc chng trnh v hot ng theo cch tun t
m trong mi bc u quan trng v u c trng lng. Vi mc ngn sch mong i, mi bc
tip theo c th trc tip k tha cc bc trc , v khi c chm ch trong huy ng ngun lc th
cc bc trong tng lai c th cng chm li m khng lm nh hng n cc thnh t ca cc bc
trc . iu ny cng i hi mt cch tip cn linh hot hn i vi tng i tng ch v ni dung
gim st. Cc k hoch y tham vng ca Chng trnh Chu k 8 mang li cc kt qu khng trn vn
hn l mt khung kt qu c th iu chnh hoc minh ha cc trng hp in hnh khc nhau.
Cc khuyn ngh t nh gi gia k vn hu ch hoc cng cn cp nht vi tnh hnh thay i:

Khuyn ngh Chin lc 1 ca nh gi gia k xut Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam r sot li ngun
nhn lc m bo rng k nng ca cn b nhn vin c cp nht. Ngoi ra, cch lm mi cn c
cch ngh mi, v c th s c li nu b sung hoc thay i vai tr ca cn b nhn vin h c c
cc k nng lm vic xuyn sut cc nhm v lnh vc theo chuyn .
Khuyn ngh Chin lc 3 ca nh gi gia k xut rng Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn nhc
lm vic vi t i tc hn v t ni dung hn trong chu k chng trnh tip theo gim chi ph giao
dch. C th s tt hn nu Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam xc nh li cc loi hnh quan h i tc
khc nhau. Vi nhu cu to nh hng n vic xy dng chnh sch, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c
v c nhu cu cn tng s lng i tc, nhng cc i tc ny s khng phi thuc din quan h i
tc thc hin d n c h tr kinh ph theo kiu truyn thng. Thay v th cc i tc s l cc th ch
(chnh ph v hc vin), cc t chc chnh tr x hi v cc t chc phi chnh ph, v cc c nhn v nh
ti tr, v.v, chia s quan tm hp tc cng t mc ch chung ca chnh ph v ca UNFPA.
Khuyn ngh Chng trnh 1 ca nh gi gia k xut rng Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam nn tn
dng cc bi hc kinh nghim t cc m hnh can thip v vn c c hi lm iu ny. Cho d cc bi
hc kinh nghim c th c ti liu ha hay khng th vic xy dng chin lc nhn rng m hnh vn
ang l mt cu hi. Tuy nhin, vn hc hi c ng k t c cc thnh cng v cc thch thc v
cch UNFPA v cc i tc thc hin d n v cho d h c thu nh c khong cch gia chnh sch
v thc hin hay khng. Vn cn c c hi thc hin phn tch su v k hn. iu ny c ngha l
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c th nh gi cc cng c phn tch s dng (hoc cha) xem
xt qu trnh thc hin d n, thay v l ch tp trung vo tc ng mong i c d n.
Khuyn ngh Chng trnh 2 ca nh gi gia k tp trung vo nhu cu cn tip tc to s ng thun
cc cp cao nht v cc vn dn s v pht trin, v y l iu l UNFPA vn ang tip tc thc
hin v nn tip tc thc hin. Vn cam kt ca chnh ph v ngun lc vn l iu rt quan trng,
nhng cng cn khai thc cc cch tip cn a khu vc hn p ng nhu cu v dn s v pht trin.
Chnh ph khng nht thit phi c th t cung cp mi th nhng phi c kh nng chu trch nhim
khuyn khch s nht qun v cc quy nh cho cc bn cung cp dch v phi chnh ph. UNFPA c vai tr
ng k trong vic khm ph v lm trung gian cc cch tip cn v ni dung ny.
iu tit cc mong i
Lm c nhiu vi t ngun lc hn l iu khng th khng thc hin c nhng l iu khng
thc t trong hu ht cc ng cnh. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn iu tit cc mong i v mong
i cc cc bn c lin quan v ang chuyn giao sang phng thc hot ng m chin lc ton cu
ang xp u tin i vi cc quc gia c thu nhp trung bnh. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam n lc
trong vic trao i bn cht thay i trong cc h tr ca vn phng nhng cng cn phi cn bng cc
76
thng ip biu th l vn phfong s lm vic khc i ch khng phi cp trn. Nhm nh gi

nhn mnh khuyn ngh ny bi v c thng tin phn hi trong qu trnh nh gi rng UNFPA c th
pht biu qu li v bn cht cp cao trong phng thc hot ng sp ti, lm cho cc bn i tc c
lin quan t ra cu hi rng liu Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c chun b y thay i p
ng cc k nng cp cao cn c hay cha.
Phi hp vi cc t chc LHQ v cc nh vn ng chnh sch l iu quan trng hn bao gi

ht
Quay li tp trung vo i thoi v vn ng chnh sch i hi mt lot cc hot ng khc nhau v
chin lc to nh hng. Mt trong s s bao gm tip cn ti cc nh hoch nh chnh sch cp
cao. Trong phn ln cc h thng th bc, v khng ngoi l i vi Vit Nam, c t cc nh hoch nh
chnh sch cp cao. Nhiu i tc pht trin cng ang chuyn giao chin lc ca h ti cc quc gia
nh Vit Nam vi tnh trng kinh t-x hi ngy cng c ci thin, v cng c th cng tip cn mt s
cc nh hoch nh chnh sch ch cht. iu quan trng hn bao gi ht l UNFPA, l mt phn ca
Quy v mt mi/DaO, phi hp ch khng cnh tranh c c s quan tm ca cc lnh o ch
cht c nh hng.
Ngoi ra, cng vi cc u tin ca cc t chc LHQ khc v cc i tc pht trin to ra mt mi trng
t cnh tranh hn, v tng c hi hi ha. S dng nn tng ca cc mc ch pht trin bn vng,
UNFPA c th thy nm vai tr chnh u v ch no th c th cng song hnh vi cc t chc khc.
Mc tiu pht trin bn vng/SDGs mang tnh lng ghp hn Mc tiu pht trin thin nin k/MDGs v
quan trng l UNFPA cn r rng v mc ch v th mnh ca t chc v lm th no ph hp vi
cc t chc khc, thay v c gng cng mt lc thc hin qu nhiu ni dung.
77
6. Kt lun
UNFPA cng c c mi quan h cht ch v hp tc vi chnh ph v mt s cc bn i tc
chin lc quan trng; v nh v c tip tc m rng quan h i tc. (Kt lun s 1)
Ngun gc: Cc kt qu 1, 4, 13, 14

Khuyn ngh c lin quan: 5
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam lm vic mt cch c hiu qu vi cc b, ban ngnh cp trung ng
v tuyn tnh v ni bt trong s cc bn c lin quan. Mi quan h v tng tc cc mc khc
nhau, ty theo mc h tr kinh ph v h tr k thut nh mt nh ti tr thng thng, nhng
ch trng thc hin cc quy trnh hp tc bnh ng hn vi cc i tc. Cc bng chng cho thy
cng c i khi c s khc bit v v th gia UNFPA v chnh ph. Trong trng hp , Vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam th thch cc i tc pha chnh ph. Kinh ph ca cc d n hu nh chuyn ti
cc i tc thc hin d n, v c bo co hot ng v thnh tu ca chng trnh quc gia i km,
dn n n tng khng cn bng (v khng chnh xc) rng hu nh ch c UNFPA lm vic vi cc c
quan chnh ph. Cc t chc khi chnh ph cng h tr k thut v ti chnh trong cc d n v cng
tham d trong cc cuc hp i thoi chnh sch vi UNFPA v v i tc pha chnh ph. Ngoi ra, chin
lc ca UNFPA v huy ng ngun lc cng th hin s tham gia nhiu hn ca cc nh ti tr v cc
khu vc khng truyn thng bao gm khu vc t nhn. Tt c cc yu t ny cng thm s tham gia
mang tnh xy dng v di lu vi chnh ph v chnh mi quan h rng t UNFPA v th c ting
ni mnh m tip tc lm vic vi cc tc nhn ca nh nc v ngoi nh nc. iu c v quan
trng i vi UNFPA l khuyn khch s tham gia rng ri ca cc bn i tc ni chung , mt phn v s
cam kt trn ton cu lm vic vi x hi dn s nhng cng v c hi Vit Nam cho cc cch tip cn
sng to hn p ng cc nhu cu khc nhau ca ngi dn. Bng cch ny, UNFPA c vai tr tim
nng trong vic hp tc trung gian gia chnh ph v cc bn cung cp dch v (tim nng). Cng c th
iu tra hoc chp ni thm v cc c hi i tc khc nh vi cc hc vin.
Vn c cc c hi quan trng hc hi thn trong chu k ny cn c ghi li xy dng chu k
tip theo, c th l lin quan n nm r c cc khong cch gia chnh sch v thc hin. (Kt
lun s 2)
Ngun gc: Cc kt qu 2, 3, 6
Khuyn ngh c lin quan: 1, 2
Hp tc vi cc c quan chnh ph v cc V vin c v cn phi thng thuyt li trn c s cc thay

i trong phng thc hot ng ca UNFPA trong chu k tip theo. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
ch ra rng c kh nng tip tc lm vic trc tip vi cc i tc pha chnh ph tuy nhin vi quan im
gim dn phng thc hot ng ny trong tng lai. Cho d phng thc hot ng d n c tip tc
chu k tip theo hay khng (v cp trung ng hoc tuyn tnh), iu quan trng l cn tn dng cc
kinh nghim c. Mt s d n nng cao nng lc to iu kin cho hc tp v b sung k nng,
mt vi m hnh can thip c nhn rng trong khi mt s khc li khng. iu quan trng l Vn
phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn cng vi cc i tc phn tch cc nguyen nhn thnh cng cng nh l
do ca cc thch thc. Quy trnh c th em li cc hiu bit qu gi v hu ch cho cng vic sp ti
ca UNFPA khi tp trung vo chnh sch. S hiu bit ny cng s gi tr i vi cc t chc LHQ khc khi
thc phin cc phng thc tng t.
78
Nng cao nng lc l mt ni dung u t ca UNFPA, cn chin lc hn v cc kt qu mong i

bao gm hp tc vi cc c quan khc cng h tr nng cao nng lc. (Kt lun s 3)
Ngun gc: Cc kt qu 5, 14
Tng t, cc h tr nng cao nng lc ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam em li cc kt qu khc

nhau vi cc kinh nghim rt thnh cng v mt s khc th qu trnh hc hi, v nng cao k nng cng
khng c nhiu. Hp tc vi cc t chc LHQ khc thng quan K hoch Mt LHQ phi hp cc n lc
nhng trong khun kh ca nh gi ny, cn c nhiu phng pho tip cn chin lc hn lin quan
n mt s cch tip cn nng cao nng lc, c th l cc ni dung c t 2 t chc LHQ cng hp tc
vi mt i tc. Tng cc Thng k l mt trong nhiu v d v mt c quan chnh ph c nhiu hp tc
vi cc c quan LHQ. Cch tip cn ca UNFPA thng qua K hoch Mt LHQ gip trnh c trng lp
vi cc t chc khc, nhng l mt thnh vin ca Mt LHQ, cng c c hi c c mt phng
pho tip cn hp tc hn, vi cc k nng o lng kt qu c chuyn giao v nng cao nng lc
ton din hn.
Chin lc gim st v nh gi cn cp nht theo di v nh gi c nhiu hot ng dng
lin quan ti vn ng v nh hng chnh sch. (Kt lun s 4)
Ngun gc: Kt qu 7, 12
Bt k ti y Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam p dng cch tip cn no, th h thng gim st v nh
gi cn phi ph hp thu lng c thng tin gip a ra quyt nh mt cch thng xuyn [gim
st ] v rm r chin lng v hiu qu tng th [nh gi]. H thng gim st v lp k hoch hin ti
c c nh hng t ti liu trong tn v cc bo co ca d n. v bo co nhiu nm cng c nh
hng n vic phn r cc thng tin hn v cng xy dng mt bc tranh c qu trnh hoc lch s
hot ng v cc d n. Cc hot ng nm ngoi d n kh c th ghi li c trn h thng gim st
hin ti, mt phn bi v h thng khng c lng ghp trong cc d n v cng v chng lp i lp
li (v d nh i thoi v hp tc hin ti) hoc c cc thch thc vi gim st mang tnh xy dng bi
v tc ng c ph bin rng v d tc ng ca cc chin dch truyn thng i chng. V vic ghi
nhn cc cu chuyn thnh cng, quy trnh v bc tip theo ca mt chin lc khng da vo d n,
bo co gia k ca Chin lng Huy ng Ngun lc l mt v d thc tin hay v cc ghi li cc bo
co v vn ng v i thoi chnh sch.
UNFPA nh v c mt s ni dung chuyn mn, th hin c cc ng gp duy nht cho Vit
Nam. (Kt lun s 5)
Ngun gc: Kt qu 4, 5, 10, 15

Trong s cc ni dung quan trng l Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam hon thnh cng vic thu to
v s dng bng chng v s liu xy dng chnh sch. UNFPA nh v c v th l mt ngun h
tr ng tin cy trong ni dung ny. Vn cn nhiu cng vic phi lm v d nh dng bng chng xy
dng chnh sch l mt con ng di ang c th ch ha trong xy dng chnh sch. Nhng iu
khng c nu y lm gim i cng vic bt u; UNFPA nh v c ni dung ny
v cn tip tc pht trin chuyn mn v thu gt nhiu thnh tu.
79
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam nh v c l chuyn gia trong vic gii quyt mt s ch nhy
cm v phc tp ca Vit Nam v d t l gii khi sinh. y l mt v d v mt ch c s kt hp cc
mong i su sc v gii, bt bnh ng gii, thay i hnh vi, gii tnh v chnh sch dn s ca chnh
ph: mi quan h thch thc cao ca cc vn n l phc tp, nhng Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
th hin c kh nng tham gia mt cch ton din. C cc lnh vc trong tm khc m UNFPA vn
ang tip tc v d nh nhu cu ca dn tc thiu s v chnh nhu cu ny s tip tc pht trin. TRong
bi cnh ca Vit Nam sp hon thnh mc tiu Thin nin K, cc s liu c phn loi v thnh tu
lm lu m i s khc bit gia phn ng dn s v cc nhm dn s d b tn thng, thit thi v
dn tc thiu s. iu cn quan trng hn lm vic thu thp cc s liu v bng chng tr nn a dng
hn nhm xc nh cc nhu cu c th nhng khng ng nht ca cc nhm b y ra bn l x hi.
UNFPA c ghi li cc phng thc hot ng cn thit cho chu k chng trnh tip theo v cn thit
phi tip tc nng cao k nng v kinh nghim trong ni dung ny duy tr nng lc ng gp
hiu qu vo tnh hnh ca Vit Nam. (Kt lun s 6)
Ngun gc: Kt qu 4, 5, 8, 9, 11
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c u th chuyn sang chu k tip theo vi st p trung v cc phng
thc hot ng chnh ph hp vi tnh trng kinhh t v x hi ca t nc, vi vai tr tch cc trong
xy dng hoc chnh sa mi trng php quy v chnh sch. Tuy nhin, vi mt t nc lun i thay,
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam s cn tip tc cp nht k nng v chin lc m bo nng lc hiu
qu v m bo tin cy cao.
80
7. Khuyn ngh
Da vo kt qu ca nh gi ny, sau y l cc khuyn ngh xy dng Chu k ti ca Chng trnh
Quc gia. Cc khuyn ngh c tp trung vo h tr UNFPA thit k Chu k Chng trnh tip.
Khuyn ngh 1: lp k hoch gii quyt khong cch gia chnh sch v thc thi chnh sch
UNFPA cn r sot li vic lp K hoch Chin lc v vn hnh cng vi cc i tc LHQ chnh nhm cn
nhc cch tip cn tng th khu vc cn thit gii quyt khong cch gia chnh sch-s thc thi,
bao gm lm vic vi chnh ph, cc i tc LHQ, nh ti tr v tt c cc i tc pht trin. UNFPA
khng th v cng khng mong i mt mnh gii quyt vn . L mt vn m tt c cc tc nhn
u hiu v dng nh nht tr cn phi gii quyt, UNFPA cn tm ra cch phi hp hiu qu vi cc
nhiu cc bn c lin quan gii quyt cc khong cch ny. Cc thch thc ny cc mc khc
nhau, bao gm c cc vn v h thng ngnh dc v ngnh ngang 50; nng lc v thiu ngun lc v
cc nt tht trong h thng qun tr i vi thc thi chnh sch. Nhng iu quan trng v rng ln hn
l cc khong hng trong h thng lin quan n cung cp dch v i hi u t lu di thc thi
chnh sch trong khu vc y t, x hi, lut php v gio dc.
Vi cc i tc, th hin quan im chin lc hn v kinh t chnh tr v phn tch s giao thoa
ga kinh t chnh tr v nh hng chnh sch.
m bo rng hc hi c t kinh nghim hin ti ca UNFPA v ca chnh ph t Chng
trnh Quc gia chu k 8th (v trc , nu ph hp) c ti liu ha. Trong tnh hnh ny, cc
d n c v u t nhiu hn vo nh gi quy trnh (hn l nh gi tc ng ti liu ha
cc thnh cng v thch thc trong khi thc hin. p dng v hc hi t cc bng chng thu to
c trong qu trnh thc hin i thoi vi chnh ph, cc i tc LHQ, nh ti tr v cc
bn c lin quan khc.
Xc nh cc nt tht c th hoc cc vn v nng lc UNFPA c th gii quyt cng chnh
ph v cc bn c lin quan khc, v rng cch tip cn ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam l
cng phi hp vi cc n lc ca cc bn khc.
Vi cc kinh nghim v nhng g thu nhn c, UNFPA nn xc nh li ngha ca s bn
vng trong chu k tip theo trong mi lin h vi phng thc thc hin cc can thip cng nh
i thoi chnh sch, nng cao nng lc v vn ng chnh sch.
Mc u tin: cao
Ngun gc: Kt lun s 2
Khuyn ngh 2: m bo lm r cch tip cn v mc ch ca chu k chng trnh tip theo
50 H thng ngnh dc th hin s kt ni gia cc c quan tuyn trn v tuyn di, bao gm cc kha cnh v thng tin, ti chnh v th ch. Tng
cng nng lc v to khch l c c hiu qu t cc tuyn khu vc l cc vn thit yu trong vic nng cao cht lng v p ng ca chnh sch
cng. H thng ngnh ngang mun ni n s phi hp gia cc vng hoc cc chnh quyn a phng. Cc sp xp ny ngy cng tr nn ph bin v
l phng tin nng cao tnh hiu qu ca vic cung cp dch v cng v thc hin cc chin lc pht trin. (Ngun OECD:
http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm)
81
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam nn r sot v ch r cc mong i v phng thc thc hin trong chu
k chng trnh tip theo c ngha nh th no trn thc t tnh hnh ca Vit Nam. y l mt
khuyn ngh vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam xc nh li xem s lm g v lm nh nh no trong chu
k ti thay v l theo nh hng sn c trn gi t chin lc ton cu. iu ny hin nhin cng nhn
rng chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA cn c chnh sa ph hp vi tnh hnh tng quc gia, v cc
nh ngha, hot ng, gi thit v nguy c vn c cn c cn nhc cn trng da trn hon cnh thc
tin. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam khng nn nh gi thp cc kinh nghim v phng thc thc
hin n hin ti nhng cng cn mi thm chuyn gia h tr trong qu trnh lm r cch tip cn v
chnh sa chin lc ton cu v lin kt vi K hoch Mt LHQ. Xy dng mt L thuyt Thay i cn
c thc hin trong mi trng phc tp ca vn phng i din ti Vit Nam vi cc mong i nhiu
hn v d nh t cc i tc ca d n, trong mi tng quan gia Chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA v
K hoch Mt LHQ. L thuyt Thay i nn bao hm c nhng thnh tu vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam mun t c v l do ti sao. L thuyt s hu ch nht khi c s dng l cng c ra quyt
nh cho chng trnh: n bao hm cc nh hng v thng s gip cho vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
a ra quyt nh v ni dung lm g v khng lm g. iu ny thc s cng quan trng khi thit k chu
k tip theo khi m cn huy ng cc ngun lc cn c cc nhm tip tc v cc c hi v nh hng
chnh sch ngy cng tng v/hoc nhiu hn.
Tin hnh qu trnh r sot, l tng nht l do mt chuyn gia v chnh sch v chin lc n
t bn ngoi t chc, sp xp li cc sc mnh v thnh tu ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam v lp k hoch cc phng thc thc hin c th c t chc mt cch hiu qu nht
trong tnh hnh Vit Nam.
Trong qu trnh r sot, phn tch bn d tho L thuyt Thay i c xy dng trong cuc
nh gi ny v hon thin ti liu ny. p dng l thuyt ny lm sng t cc gi thit ca
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v lp s cc nguy c i vi chin lc v phng thc thc
hin da trn vai tr chuyn mn ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam, v cc nghin cu v r
sot mi y (v d: nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti Vit Nam v cc ti liu khc).
Xc nh xem cc phng thc thc hin trong tnh hnh ca Vit Nam bao gm nhng g v
iu c ngha nh th no trn thc tin. Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cng chung ting
ni vi chin lc ca UNFPA ton cu nhng chnh sch v mi trng hot ng th mi
nc li c c im ring, v vn phng ti mi quc gia cn xc nh chin lc v k hoch
thc t thc hin.
Ti liu ha cc suy ngh v hiu bit ngy cng tng t i ng lnh o, vn phng
UNFPA v cc bn i tc d n ngy cng c th hiu c quy trnh ra quyt nh ca vn
phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v cc l do cn u tin ha cc hng i sp ti.
Mc u tin: Cao
Ngun gc: Kt lun s 2
Khuyn ngh 3: R sot li phng php gim st

UNFPA nn u t hnh nh ha cc cch tip cn hon thnh cc kt qu khng ch dng cp
d n. Song song vi uu ny, cn cn nhc li phng php gim st ph hp vi tnh tnh ca Vit
Nam v vai tr ngy cng tng ca UNFPA v i thoi chnh sch, v xy dng cc ch s o lng v kt
qu hn l ch dng u ra. UNFPA nn va nh gi vic p dng h thng v cng c gim st va
ci thin v lm cho gim st hiu qu hn. H thng gim st i hi t duy thm c th nm bt
82
c cc kt qu nhng cng ghi nhn c cc ngha ca cc thnh tu, chnh l mt ni dung m

h thng da nhiu vo nh lng hin ti cha lm c. iu ny c ngha l cn c cch tip cn
nhiu sc thi hn ti cc s liu u k, ct h trong bi cnh v vn ng chnh sch v nh hng
chnh sch. V d trong mt nh gi nh tnh v tnh hnh hin ti (cp nng lc, s quan tm v sn
sng tham gia vo mt s ni dung nht nh ca cc nh hoch nh chnh sch) c th s hu ch hn
khi so snh cc n lc hn l lng ha u vo tnh trng khng c chnh sch hoc tnh trng tng
t.
u t nng cao k nng cho cn b, nhn vin lp k hoch v o lng cc kt qu vn

ng v i thoi chnh sch.
Rt kinh nghim t UNFPA ton cu v cc t chc LHQ khc Vit Nam tm cch ghi li tin
trnh t kt qu ch khng ch dng u ra.
Mc u tin: Cao
Ngun gc: Kt lun s 4
Khuyn ngh 4: duy tr v da vo cc lnh vc quan trng, ph hp chuyn mn

UNFPA nn da vo chnh chuyn mn v danh ting to dng c lin quan n tp trung vo cc
ch nhy cm v phc tp m cc t chc v c quan khc cha c trang b hot ng nh mt
cn bng gii khi sinh, SKSS v TD v thnh nin. UNFPA cng c cc li th so snh khc nh chuyn
mn v thu to d liu bin ng dn s. y l cc lnh vc m UNFPA nn tip tc u tin v da vo
th mnh hin ti ca mnh.
L mt phn trong qu trnh r sot ni trn, hoc mt hot ng ring r sot v ti liu ha
cc lnh vc hot ng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam nhm xc nh cc ni dung hot
ng kh c nht ca UNFPA.
Cc lnh vc ny l s ng gp c nht ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v nn xy dng
chin lc huy ng ngun lc (v s t c cnh tranh v ngun lc cc lnh vc ny) cng nh
nng cao k nng cho cn b, nhn vin duy tr chuyn mn ca t chc nhm h tr cc nhu
cu ca quc gia.
Mc u tin: Trung bnh
Ngun gc: Kt lun s 5 v s 6
Khuyn ngh 5: m rng vng nh hng v xy dng chin lc i tc hoc cc bn c lin

quan
UNFPA nn tip tc xy dng mi quan h vi Chnh ph v m rng nn tng i tc m bo p
ng nhu cu ca cc nhm dn s d b tn thng trong thi gian ti. UNFPA v Chnh ph tri qua
mt s chu k cng xy dng nn tng chung. S hp tc t c cc kt qu hiu qu v s
hip lc quan trng v tip tc xy dng mi quan h i tc v hp tc vi chnh ph vn tip tc l
mt u tin. ng thi, UNFPA cng ang c th mnh xc nh li cc mc tiu p ng nhu cu
pht trin ca Vit Nam, v v th s a ra cc quan im a dng hn i vi cc nhu cu mi ni
v/hoc cc nhu cu cha c th hin (c bit l mi c s khc bit) to nh hng chnh
sch. Kt ni vi ni dung ny l s cn thit mt cch tip cn r rng hn (c ngha l c th hn) ti
dch v SKSS v TD c th, Dn s v Pht trin, nhu cu Bnh ng Gii ca cc nhm dn s b y ra l
x hi, d b tn thng hoc cc vng thiu s. Bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti
Vit Nam v Ti liu v cc La chn s l cc ngun tham kho quan trng v s cng c nhiu ngi
83
thiu s bo co v cc nhu cu c th. Cng t , UNFPA xc nh v lp s cc bn i tc cn

c a dng ha v m rng v hip lc vi nhm cc i tc rng hn v c tim nng ng gp
vo cc mc tiu chuyn . UNFPA khi ng qu trnh ny c s phi hp vi cc i tc khng
truyn thng nh khu vc t nhn v thng qua chin lc huy ng ngun lc.
Kt ni vi bi tp lp s c nu khuyn ngh 3 nu trn, qu trnh ny s gip xc nh

s trng lp v hip lc ca cc bn i tc c tim nng tr thnh cc i tc hp tc hiu
qu hoc lin minh cng chia s cc mc ch chung v b sung ln nhau. S i tc rng m
nn xc nh r cc t chc v th ch m UNFPA quan tm v cc t chc quan tm (hoc Vn
phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ngh rng h nn quan tm) n cng vic ca UNFPA.
Xy dng chin lc hp tc hoc chin lc truyn thng c s tham gia ca nhiu i tc
hn cc cp khc nhau. Mt s i tc c th c xc nh l ch cht trong mt vn
hoc quy trnh c th, trong khi cc i tc khc c th to lp thnh mt mng li thng tin
rng cng chia s vi UNFPA.
Mc u tin: Trung bnh
Khuyn ngh 6: t tm nhn lu di v nh gi xy dng k hoch trung hn

UNFPA nn cn nhc qu trnh lp k hoch chin lc vi mt tm nhn lu di v con ng pht trin
ca Vit Nam, nhm c c cc bc trung hn u tin cho chu k tip theo. Tm nhn pha trc rt
quan trng v cn cn nhc hon cnh thay i nhanh chng Vit Nam v trn ton cu. Cc gi nh
cn c thng xuyn kim chng v chnh sa vi cc thng tin mi. Mt v d r rng y l kinh
nghim ca chu k 8 chng kin s st gim ngn sch ng k do thay i thit k ca chng trnh
quc gia theo chin lc ton cu ca UNFPA. Tuy nhin iu ng ni l vn phng i din UNFPA ti
Vit Nam ng l ra cn cn nhc kh nng v cc h ly ca thay i ny tht sm trc khi thit k
chu k ny. Tuy nhin vi cc cn nhc vo thi gian cui chu k v tnh hnh thc t, iu quan trng
chin lc v phi nhn v pha trc ging nh cc c quan khc ang lm (v d, bo co ca Ngn
hng Th gii nm 2015). Bng cch tng tng mt tng lai xa khng cn n h tr ca UNFPA, th
c th bt u xc nh xem UNFPA c th u t vo th ch, t chc v thc hin nhim v g c
c nng lc bn vng trong tng lai. y cng l ni dung kt ni vi khuyn ngh 2 v mt qu
trnh r sot nhn v tng lai v t u tin mi.
S lc cc th ch v t chc Vit Nam hin c nng lc hoc tim nng thc hin mt s
cng vic m hin Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ang lm. Khm kh kh nng lm thm
nng cao nng lc cho h trong tng lai gn hoc tng lai xa.
Xc nh cc khong cch cn thu hp, cho d trong di (hoc rt di) hn. Cn nhc xem UNFPA
lm y cc khong cch cha v cn nhc cn khai thc thm cc kh nng di hn g v
cc bc trung hn cn c tm hiu.
Vi tnh hnh t nc lun i thay th iu quan trng l lun cp nht t duy di hn nh k.
iu g hin l c th hoc khng th thay i mt cch thit thc. Cp nht tm nhn trung hn
cng s to c hi kim tra cc gi thit v tnh hnh.
Mc u tin: Trung bnh
84
Hnh 12: Cc lin kt gia Kt lun v Khuyn ngh
85
Ph lc 1: iu khon Tham chiu
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Ph lc 2: L thuyt Thay i (s tho)
101
102
Annex 3: Stakeholders met during the evaluation

Stakeholders
Ms. Quach Thu Trang
GACA members
Mr. Dao Xuan Quang
Ms. Nguyen Van Anh
Ms. Nguyen Thanh Mai
Mr. Nguyen Hoang Ha
Mr. Edmund Attridge
Ms. Nguyen Thu Anh
Mr Jobst Koehler
Ms. Nguyen Thu Giang
Ms. Luu Thu Hong
Ms. Ha Vice and 4 officers
Ms. Phan Le Thu Hang
Ms. Bui Thi Thu Thuy
Ms. Luong Thi Hai Anh
Mr. Vu Dang Minh, NPD
Mr. Tran Van Thao
Ms. Nguyen Thu Ha
Ms. Nguyen Yen Hai
Mr. Nguyen Duc Thu
Ms. Patricia Fernandez-Pacheco
Ms. Pratibha Mehta
Ms. Shoko Ishikawa
Ms. Vu Phuong Ly
Ms. Kristan Schoultz
Mr. Nguyen Tien Phong
Mr. Duong Van Dat
Mr. Ha Huu Toan
Mr. Le Bach Duong
Mr. Nguyen Hai Dat
Mr. Nguyen Xuan Hong
Ms. Dao Nguyet Minh
Ms. Do Thu Ha
Ms. Ha Thi Quynh Anh
Ms. Le My Linh
Role
Deputy
Senior Officer
Director
NPD
Programme Officer
International consultant for ASPD
Deputy and Head of Programme and Project
Development and Implementation Unit
Vice Director
Director of Department of Mother and Children
Director of Personnel Arrangements
Deputy
Project Accountant
Project Coordinator
Director of the Department of Youth Affairs
NPD, Project Coordinator, Accountant
Senior officer
Senior officer
Deputy Director General, Foreign Economic Relations
Department
Deputy
RBM Specialist, Resident Coordinator's Office
UN Resident Coordinator
Country Representative
Programme Specialist
Country Director
Senior Programme Officer
Education & Communications experts
Senior Management Team, Team leader of SRH team
Programme officer (SRH)
Senior Management Team, Population & Development
Programme officer (Gender)
Programme Officer (RBM, Oversight, Coordination)
Operations and Financial Management
Senior Management Team, Operations and Financial
Management
Gender
103
Organisation
CCIHP
CGACA
CGACA/MPI
CSAGA
GSO
ILO
Independent
Independent
IOM
LIGHT
MOH
MOH
MOH
MOHA
MOHA
MOHA
MOLISA
MOSCT
MOSCT
MPI
PCSA
UN
UN
UN Women
UN Women
UNAIDS
UNDP
UNESCO
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
Stakeholders
Ms. Le Thi Phuong Mai
Ms. Le Thi Thanh Huyen
Ms. Ngo Thi Khanh,
Ms. Nguyen Duc Cuong
Ms. Nguyen Ngoc Quynh
Ms. Nguyen Quynh Trang
Ms. Phan Thi Le Mai
Ms. Phan Thu Hien
Ms. Ritsu Nacken
Mr. Jesper Moller
Mr. Nguyen Huy Du
Ms. Nguyen Tuyet Mai
Ms. Pham Thu Huong
Mr. Lokky Wai
Mr. Le Minh Sang
Michel Welmond
Role
Population & Development
Programme Officer (SRH)
Senior Management Team, Gender
Country Representative a.i.
Deputy Representative
Maternal and Neonatal Specialist
Senior Officer
Senior Officer
WHO Representative
Environmental Management Specialist
Lead Education Specialist
104
Organisation
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNFPA
UNICEF
UNICEF
VFU
VWU
WHO
World Bank
World Bank
List of CPE reference group members

List of CPE reference group
members
List of CPE reference group members
List of CPE reference group

members
Ms. Ritsu Nacken
Deputy Representative/Officer-in-Charge
Vietnam Country Office (chair of the CPE
reference group)
Ms. Valeria Carou-Jones (will

be confirmed as a member)
Evaluation Specialist
UNFPA/HQ, Evaluation
Office, NY
Mr. Nguyen Xuan Hong
M&E officer (CPE evaluation manager)
UNFPA, Viet Nam
Ms. Nassrin Farzaneh
Senior M&E Advisor
Ms. Narita, Eiko
Ms. Patricia FernandezPacheco
Ms. Nguyen Yen Hai
Results Based Management Specialist

(chair of one UN RBM working group)
UNFPA, - Asia & the Pacific

Regional Office (APRO),
Thailand
UNFPA, - Asia & the Pacific
Regional Office (APRO),
Thailand
Office of the UN Resident
Coordinator, Viet Nam
Deputy Director General of Dept. of

Foreign Economic Relations (FERD), cochair.
Ministry of Planning and

Investment (MPI), Viet Nam
Programme adviser
Mr. Dao Xuan Quang
Principle official, Dept. of FERD (FERD)
Dr. Hoang Thi Bang
Senior Programme officer (MCH)
Mr. Mohamed Cisse

Dr. Nguyen Huy Du
Ms. Vu Phuong Ly
UNFPA, Viet Nam
Ministry of Planning and

Investment (MPI), Viet Nam
WHO, Viet Nam
Chief of CSD
UNICEF, Viet Nam
MNCH Specialist
UNICEF, Viet Nam
Programme Specialist.
UN Women, Viet Nam
Ms. Do Thu Ha
Mr. Le Bach Duong
Operations manager
UNFPA, Viet Nam
Team leader of P&D team
UNFPA, Viet Nam
Mr. Duong Van Dat

Ms. Phan Thu Hien
Team leader of SRH team

Team leader of Gender team
UNFPA, Viet Nam

UNFPA, Viet Nam
105
Annex 4: UNFPA Country Office Matrix (OP, CCPD, SP)

One Plan, 2012 - 2016
UNFPA 2014-2017 SP Outcome / Output
Focus Area 1
Focus Area 2
Access to Quality Essential Services and Social Protection
Inclusive, Equitable &

Sustainable Growth
Focus Area 3
Governance &
Participation
OP 2.1
SP Outcome 4
OP 2.2
SP Outcome 1
OP 2.2
SP Outcome 4
OP 2.4
SP Outcome 3
OP 2.4
SP Outcome 3
OP 2.4
SP Outcome 4
OP 3.1
SP Outcome 4
Evidence Based
Development policies
Social Protection
Health
Health
Gender Equality & HIV
Elected bodies &

Legislative process
OP 1.1.1
(SP Output 12)
OP 2.1.1
(SP Output 14)
OP 2.2.1
(SP Output 1)
OP 2.2.4
(SP Output 15)
OP 2.4.3
(SP Output 10)
OP 2.4.4
(SP Output 10)
OP 2.4.1
(SP Output 14)
OP 3.1.1
(SP Output 15)
Strengthened
capacities for
development planning
Evidence for
formulation,
monitoring,
evaluation of social
protection policy.
Human & Animal

Health information
system & generation
of evidence.
Gender-sensitive package of nutrition, sexual, reproductive,

adolescent, maternal, neonatal, and child health care and
services.
Gender inequality & inequity,

gender discrimination & gender-
Comprehensive
evidence based
planning, budgeting,
M&E for sustainable
response to gender
inequality, inequity,
discrimination & gender
Evidence- informed
responses to address
HIV stigma,
discrimination,
inequality and inequity.
High quality research

and data to guide their
legislative duties.
Result 1
Result 2
Result 3
Result 4
Result 6
High-quality data,
disaggregated by age,
sex and demographic
factors, is available and
capacity of MPI/GSO
and other line
ministries is increased
to use such data for
planning, monitoring
and evaluating key
population and social
development policies
and strategies, at
national and subnational levels
Evidence on policyimplementation gaps

in the social
protection system for
elderly, young people,
migrants and ethnic
minorities is available
and capacity of MPI
and line ministries is
increased to use such
evidence in
appropriate
national/sub-national
MOH capacity is
increased for health
system strengthening,
including for a
comprehensive HMIS
and competency based
human resources
strategy specifically
targeted towards
ethnic minority
Evidence based policy options are available for nation-wide

replication to promote universal access to sexual and
reproductive health, specifically for vulnerable populations,
including young people and ethnic minorities
A national response is developed

to address SRB imbalance, using a
culturally sensitive approach.
policy and strategy
[HSS]
[SP1/1]
& decision making.
based violence.
PCA
Program Mangm nt
and Coord. Support
for all Results
Program m e
Coordination
Assistance
based-violence.
CCPD Result
vs. SP
outcome/
SP output
nationwide.
[Data]
[SP4/12]
[Elderly]
[SP4/14]
ATLAS
PROJECT
VNM8U701
VNM8U702
Fund/MPTF
Project #
FPA90/UDB43
[#84224]
populations.
[SRB, GBV]
[SP3/10]
[SRH/Youth]
[SP4/15]
Result 7
A minimum
comprehensive package
of GBV prevention, care
and treatment,
protection, and support
services is developed
based on evidence, best
practices and lesson
Result 5
Evidence based policy
options are available to
government authorities
for provision of SRH,
including HIV
prevention, services to
sex workers
learnt from pilot models.
[HIV/SW]
[SP4/14]
Result 8
National and subnational elected bodies
are supported, at
national and subnational levels, to
develop evidence based
policies and strategies
in the areas of
population,
reproductive health and
gender, and oversee
their implementation.
[GBV]
[SP3/10]
[Pol. Advo.]
[SP4/15]
VNM8U103
VNM8U104
VNM8U506
VNM8U507
VNM8U105
VNM8U708
FPA90/UDB39
[#84222]
FPA90/UDB38
[#83218]
FPA90/UDB38
[#83218]
FPA90/UDB38
[#83218]
FPA90/UDB40
[#86184]
VNM8U109 VNM8A100
Health
(UNFPA as Alternate)
Gender
(UNFPA as Alternate)
HIV
Governance
JPG
(UNFPA)
P. Mai
Quynh
Dat, Le Mai, Huyen, Toan
Hien, Q. Anh, Hai Dat
D.V. Dat
Trang
D.V. Dat/Ha
Ha
JPG
(UNFPA)
Data4Dev WG
(convener)
GBV WG (convener)
HIV Prev. WG
(convener)
PCSA
MPI/GACA
UNFPA Execution
JPGs
Social
Protection
HSS (alternate)
RMNCH WG (convener)
GSO/MPI
BEN TRE (*)
QUANG BINH
(MOH)
(MOLISA, MOH,
SO, HD)
(MOH)
DPO Code
VNM8P01
VNM8P10
VNM8P09
IP Code
PGVN08
PGVN07
PGVN23
PGVN18
PGVN19
Lead POs
P. Mai
Quynh
Huyen
L. Mai
Toan
L. Mai
TLs
Duong
Duong
D.V. Dat
D.V. Dat
D.V. Dat
D.V. Dat
FA
LINH
MINH
CUONG
CUONG
MINH
LINH
Part. IPs
MOH
MOHA
NINH
THUAN
KON TUM
SOCIAL
ORG. (*)
HAI DUONG
(*)
(MOLISA, MOCST, MOH,

BT)
VNM8P02 VNM8P03
MOCST
MOLISA (*)
(HD, BT)
(MOH)
VNM8P07
VNM8P08
VNM8P05
VNM8P04
VNM8P06
VNM8P11
PN4282
PGVN21
PGVN14
PGVN22
PGVN20
PGVN11
L. Mai
Hai Dat
Hai Dat
Q. Anh
Duc Anh
Trang
Dat/Ha
Ha
D.V.
D t
MINH
Hien
Hien
Hien
D.V. Dat
Duong
LINH
LINH
CUONG
CUONG
MINH
LINH
LINH
PGVN17 PGVN04
All UNFPA Staff (SRH, PD, Gender, SMT, Operation/Finance, RBM/M&E)
106
UNFPA Country Office
Economic
Growth &
Decent Work
DPOs
One UN in Viet Nam (DaO)
OP 1.1
SP Outcome 4
MPI/GACA
Project
Annex 5: UNFPA Country Programme Outputs v Outcomes
107
108
109
Ph lc 6: Bng nh gi v Bng chng
S ph hp
CU HI NH GI 1: Cc h tr ca UNFPA (i) p ng nh th no i vi nhu cu ca ngi dn; v (ii) c ph hp vi cc u tin ca cc

khung chnh sch quc gia hay khng?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Nhu cu ca ngi dn c bit

ca cc nhm d b tn thng
c cn nhc k lng trong qu
trnh xy dng chng trnh
Xc nh c bng chng v nhu cu ton

din trong khi thit k chu k 8 v chnh sa
trong qu trnh thc hin cho ph hp v cn
thit.
La chn c cc nhm i tng ca cc
can thip do UNFPA h tr trong 3 cu phn
ca chng trnh ng nht vi nhu cu
c xc nh cng nh u tin ca quc gia
trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung.
Cc can thip c t k hoch trong K
hoch nm (trong 3 cu phn ca chng
trnh) u c u tin nhm ti cc nhm
dn s d b tn thng, thit thi, b y ra
l x hi v b b ri.
Ti liu Chng trnh

Chung v K hoch Mt
LHQ
K hoch hot ng hng
nm
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Phn tch ti liu
Phng vn cn b, nhn
vin Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam
Chin lc v chnh sch

quc gia
Phng vn cc i tc
thc hin d n v cc
bn c lin quan
nh gi nhu cu v phn
tch tnh hnh (do UNFPA
thc hin v ti liu ca
cc n v khc)
Phng vn/tho lun

nhm vi i tng
c hng li t d
n
Bo co nm ca Vn
phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
(COARs)
nh gi gia k Chu k 8
Cc trng hp kinh doanh
(nu c)
Xc nh c bng chng v nhu cu ton din trong khi thit k chu k 8 v chnh sa trong qu trnh thc hin cho ph hp v cn thit.
Da vo s liu ca Vit Nam (qua h thng s liu ca Tng cc thng k)
Da vo cc tha thun cng c quc t (v d t l t vong m, bnh ng gii, t l t vong tr s sinh)
110
Da vo tho lun vi cc i tc hin d n v B B K hoch v u t/GACA

Da vo khung chnh sch: K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (SEDP), k hoch hnh ng, lut v bnh ng gii, bo hnh gii, lut Thanh nin,
Lut Dn s
S liu u vo: tnh Bn Tre v Hi Dng: c s liu u vo v bo hnh gia nh, khng c s liu v ngi gi tr t l dn s, khng c s liu
c th v mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh tr s liu chung.
D n ti Qung Bnh: Khng c nghin cu u vo. Giai on mt ca d n c thit k da vo: 1) S liu t cuc Tng iu tra nm 2009;
2) Bo co ca V Bo v sc khe B m v Tr em, B Y t, nm 2011; 3) K hoch chin lc v pht trin h thng y t ti Qung Bnh giai
on 2011 2020; 4) K hoch hnh ng ca tnh thc hin cc chin lc Dn s v SKSS giai on 2011 2020. Giai on hai ca d n c
xy dng da trn kt qu ca bo co iu tra ban u v tnh trng khng p ng nhu cu v lm m an ton v bin php trnh thai trong
bn phn tch chi ph hiu qu ca m hnh can thip ti tnh Qung Bnh.
D n Thn thin vi Tr em ti Kon Tum (d n kt hp vi UNICEF): Cu phn lm m an ton c thit k da trn bo co nh gi cui cng
ca chu k 2006 2010.
D n Thn thin vi Tr em ti Ninh Thun (d n kt hp vi UNICEF) c thit kt da trn kt qu ca f the 2011 Phn tch tnh hnh TR em
tnh Ninh Thun nm 2011 v nh gi cui k do UNFPA h tr nm 2011.
Tuy nhin, tr cc nghin cu u vo, tt c cc cuc tho lun vi Chnh ph v cc c quan c lin quan v nhu cu ca chnh ph/cng ng th
u khng c ti liu ha.
La chn c cc nhm i tng ca cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong 3 cu phn ca chng trnh ng nht vi nhu cu c xc nh
cng nh u tin ca quc gia trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung
Ngi dn tc thiu s, thanh nin, nn nhn ca bo hnh gii/bo hnh gia nh, gii trong tui 15-49, ngi cao tui, SKSS nam gii, ngi
hnh ngh mi dm, ngi di cu v dn s ni chung.
Quan h tnh dc ng tnh nam l mt vn mi ni trong vng 5 nm qua v khng c bng chng UNFPA hin thc ha vn ny. C th
cha c u tin can thip/gii quyt v cn nm r. Theo nghin cu Gim st Hnh vi v Sinh hc Lng ghp t II nm 2012, t l nhim
HIV trong nhm quan h tnh dc ng tnh nam l trn 10%. T l nhim cc vim nhim ly qua ng tnh dc trong khong 7.5-21.5%, trong
t l s dng bao cao su mt cch nht qun ch thp di 50% ti tt c cc tnh thnh.
ng hng theo k hoch chin lc, Ti liu Chng trnh Chung, K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (SEDP) lin quan n cc nhm i tng
cnh (m hnh hng tm bull eye)
Tuy nhin, s lng cc nhm i tng ch c v ln, nhng v chin lc ca UNFPA trong chu k ny l vn ng chnh sch, s lng th
hng d n ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng thc hin chnh sch.
Phm vi can thip c lp k hoch trong K hoch Hng nm (trong ba cu phn ca chng trnh) bao gm u tin cc nhm dn s d b tn
thng, thit thi, b y ra l x hi v b loi tr.
111
Can thip trong k hoch hot ng tng ng vi ni dung Ti liu Chng trnh Chung
Mc tiu v chin lc ca ba cu
phn nht qun vi cc u tin
vit trong K hoch Mt LHQ,
trong cc chin lc v chnh sch
quc gia tng ng v trong K
hoch Chin lc ca UNFPA
Mc tiu v chin lc ca Ti liu Chng

trnh Chung v K hoch hot ng hng nm
trong ba cu phn ca chng trnh u
hng n mc ch v u tin t ra trong
K hoch Mt LHQ
Mc ch ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v
Pht trin c th hin trong cu phn Dn
s v Pht trin
Ti liu Chng trnh Chung (trong ba cu
phn) nhm nng cao nng lc quc gia
Hp tc Nam Nam c lng vo Chng
trnh Quc gia
Ti liu Chng trnh

Chung
K hoch Mt LHQ
K hoch hot ng hng
nm v Bo co nm ca
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam
Phn tch ti liu

Phng vn vi cn b,
nhn vin Vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam
Chnh sch v chin lc

quc gia
K hoch Chin lc ca
UNFPA
S quan tm c th i vi thanh nin trong

ba cu phn ca chng trnh
Mc tiu v chin lc ca tng cu phn
nht qun vi cc chnh sch ca khu vc v
ca quc gia
Mc tiu v chin lc ca Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung (c bn u tin v bn c
chnh sa) c tho lun v nht tr vi cc
i tc quc gia
Mc tiu v chin lc ca Ti liu Chng trnh Chung v K hoch Hot ng nm ca c ba cu phn chng trnh ph hp vi mc ch v u
tin t ra trong K hoch Mt LHQ
Trong tt c u ra v kt qu ca K hoch Mt LHQ, UNFPA lit k mt s u ra, trong mt s th t thc hin v mt s th cng thc
hin vi cc t chc khc
Mc ch ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin c th hin trong cu phn Dn s v Pht trin
Do Ti liu Chng trnh Chung c xy dng nm 2011, Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin nm 1994 c xem xt nh mt ct mc. Mc
tiu v mc ch ca Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin nm 1994 bao gm: pht trin kinh t bn vng trong bi cnh pht trin bn vng;
gio dc, c bit cho cc em gi; bnh ng v cng bng gii; gim t l t vong m v tr s sinh; v cung cp dch v SKSS c th tip cn d
112
dng, bao gm KHHG v sc khe tnh dc. V th Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin bao trm c ba cu phn ca chng trnh ch khng
ch cu phn Dn s v Pht trin.
Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin ly quyn con ngi lm ct li trong tt c kha cnh ca cc chng trnh dn s. Cu phn Dn s v
Pht trin c th c 3 d n nhm thu to s liu, thu to bng chng v nng cao nng lc cho cc can b cp cao. Cch tip cn da trn quyn
c th hin r rng mt trong d n, kh m nht trong hai d n cn li.
Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin yu cu lng ghp chin lc dn s v pht trin, c th hin trong cu phn Dn s v Pht trin: thu
to s liu h tr lp k hoch, Gim st v nh gi cc chin lc v chnh sch dn s chnh; bng chng v khong cch gia chnh sch v
thc hin thng qua xy dng cc cu lc b nhiu th h; v nng cao nng lc cho i biu quc hi xy dng v gim st cc chnh sch.
Ti liu Chng trnh Chung (trong ba cu phn) nhm nng cao nng lc cp trung ng
Cc hot ng nng cao nng lc u thy c ba cu phn. Cn b nhn vin ti tuyn tnh chia s rng h bit cch xy dng k hoch d n,
thc hin v qun l ni chung. Khng ch qua cc tp hun c th m cn qua lm vic vi UNFPA.
Ti tuyn trung ng: mt s cc c quan chnh ph nh gi cao n lc nng cao nng lc: b cng c gim st c cc i tc pha chnh ph
xy dng. i tc khc ng ch tr Hi tho Tham vn Quc gia v cc u tin SKSS v TD/KHHG sau 2015 v cc cuc hp hng qu nhm cc t
chc hot ng trong lnh vc SKSS. Hng dn chun Quc gia v SKSS v TD: trc kia, UNFPA nm vai tr chnh, hin nay th B ch qun ch
tr tt c cc hot ng t hp, lm vic nhm, th nghim ti thc a... i tc pha chnh ph cng vi UNFPA xy dng b cng c nh gi v
thc hin lut ngi cao tui v lut v phng chng v kim sot bo hnh gia nh i vi cc i biu quc hi lin quan n bo hnh gii
Hp tc Nam Nam c lng vo Chng trnh Quc gia
Thm quan hc tp, tham d cc hi ngh khu vc (cn b tuyn tnh v trung ng tham d Hi ngh Chu Thi Bnh Dng v DK v TD v
quyn ti Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia)
Hc tp m hnh hay ca Malaysia v Gim st v ng ph vi T vong M: t chc chuyn thm quan hc tp ti Malaysia v mi chuyn gia sang
Vit Nam chia s kinh nghim.
S quan tm c th i vi thanh nin trong ba cu phn ca chng trnh
Thanh nin c quan tm c bit trong tt c ba cu phn. Thanh nin cng l i tng hng li ca cc cu phn: SKSS v TD: B Ni V,
Qung Bnh; Bnh ng Gii: B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch; Dn s v Pht trin: Tng cc thng k, v thanh nin l ch xuyn sut trong cc
d n khc (Bo hnh gia nh, chm sc ngi cao tui). Thanh nin thc hin cc d n xut ti UNFPA tm kim h tr.
Mc tiu v chin lc ca tng cu phn nht qun vi cc chnh sch ca khu vc v ca quc gia v Mc tiu v chin lc ca Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung (c bn u tin v bn c chnh sa) c tho lun v nht tr vi cc i tc quc gia
Cc i tc pha chnh ph khng nh s phi hp cht ch trong giai on thit k m bo cc u tin ca quc gia c gii quyt trong
chng trnh ca UNFPA. Cc u tin khng ch c xut t pha chnh ph m cn t pha UNFPA.
i tc pha chnh ph cng ti UNFPA xy dng chin lc 10 nm v SKSS v TD, k hoch 5 nm, hi tho sp xp u tin (u tin v SKSS v
113
TD/KHHG sau 2015: 1. Lm m an ton v chm sc tr s sinh; 2. Chm sc SKSS v TD cho thanh nin/ngi cha lp gia nh; 3. KHHG; 4.
Ung th b phn sinh dc; 5. Cc ni dung xuyn sut lin quan ti SKSS v KHHG)
Nhu cu ca cng ng so snh vi nhu cu ca chnh ph: bo co phn tch b cnh nu trong Ti liu Chng trnh Chung v cc bn i tc c
lin quan khng nh s ng nht gia UNFPA v chnh ph v cc ni dung lm vic trong chu k ny, tuy nhin khng c ti liu no ghi li cc
vn c tham vn vi cc bn i tc c lin quan (cc t chc LHQ khc, cc t chc phi chnh ph quc y, cc t chc phi chnh ph trong
nc, cc t chc da vo cng ng, cc chuyn gia c lp, cc mng li/nhm t l, v.v) c c cc quan im khc nhau v cc vn
quan trng cn quan tm gii quyt, c bit l cc vn m chnh ph c th cha nm r. V th bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht
trin ti Vit Nam thy cn thit v cn hnh ng tip chun b cho chu k tip theo. R sot bo co nh gi Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin
ti Vit Nam, cho thy c mt s cc vn khng c gii quyt trong chu k ny: to hn, bin ng dn s trong mi tng quan vi thay i
kh hu. Hin nhin l vi ngun ngn sch hn ch (v mong i l s cn hn ch hn chu k tip theo), UNFPA khng th gii quyt/p ng
tt c cc vn /nhu cu, v tt nhin, khi cn phi hiu r c cc nhu cu
CU HI NH GI 2: Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c th p ng nh th no i vi nhng thay i ca t nc v d nh thay i v nhu
cu ca cc nhm dn s d b tn thng, v cc u tin hoc do tnh hnh kinh t - x hi thay i nhanh chng?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam c
kh nng p ng y ti cc
thay i xy ra trong bi cnh
quc gia.
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
S p ng nhanh chng ca Vn phng

UNFPA ti Vit Nam
Ti liu Chng trnh

Chung
Kh nng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam

trong vic iu chnh/nh hng cc mc
tiu ca Ti liu Chng trnh Chung v Cc
K hoch Nm
Cc K hoch Nm
Cc ng ph c thay i p ng cc
nhu cu mi ni v u tin ca quc gia
Phn b li ngun kinh ph cho cc hot ng
mi hp l
Cn b, nhn vin Vn
nhm cc c quan LHQ
i tng hng li cui
cng
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Phn tch ti liu
Phng vn cn b, nhn
vin Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam
Phng vn cc c quan
LHQ khc
Phng vn c
nhn/tho lun nhm
vi i tng hng li
cui cng
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam m bo tip

tc theo ui cc mc tiu ban u ca Ti
liu Chng trnh Chung ng thi vn p
ng cc nhu cu mi ni
S ng ph nhanh chng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam v Cc ng ph c thay i p ng cc nhu cu mi ni v u tin ca quc
114
gia
Qua chuyn gim st cng vi Th trng B Y t v Trng i din cng thi , pht hin t l t vong m cao v c a vo k hoch hnh
ng u tin ca EMM.
UNFPA ng vai tr chnh trong vic s tho lut dn s, trong thu thp cc kin gp t cc nh khoa hc v nhng ngi trc tip thc
hin trnh ti B trng B Y t, v t chc mt cuc hi tho vi Mt trn T quc tranh lun ba ni dung trong d tho lun: 1) Cch
tip cn kim sot sinh vi qun l dn s 2) Hn ch ph thai t 12 tun tui thai tr ln 3) Cht lng dn s cc quy nh v sng lc trc
sinh v trc khi lp gia nh. UNFPA t vn cho chnh ph sa li bn s tho m bo cch tip cn da trn quyn.
Kh nng ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam trong vic iu chnh/nh hng cc mc tiu ca Ti liu Chng trnh Chung v Cc K hoch Nm
v Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam m bo tip tc theo ui cc mc tiu ban u ca Ti liu Chng trnh Chung ng thi vn p ng cc
nhu cu mi ni
Lin quan ti cc u tin v SKSS v TD, UNFPA cng cc i tc pha chnh ph tin hnh hi tho nhm xc nh 5 u tin v xy dng bn k
hoch 5 nm da trn chin lc 10 nm
T chc cuc nh gi gia k xem li chng trnh v chnh sa hot ng sau khi lp u tin ca chng trnh.
Mt s cc i tc mong i lm vic hiu qu hn na vi UNFPA chnh sa k hoch hot ng. v d mt i tc cp trung ng chia s H
p cc hot ng theo cch h mun, v d, chng ti mun i t thng 10 sang thng 11, v chng ti phi thng thuyt cch thit k hot
ng"
Tuyn tnh: sau khi xem li cc kt qa d n, Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam quyt nh nh hng li gii quyt tnh trng khng p ng
nhu cu. nh gi nhu cu c thc hin thit k giai on hai. Tuy nhin, cng ch ra rng nh gi nhu cu u k khng c thc hin
trong thit k ban u. Ngoi ra, nh gi nhu cu v theist k li hot ng mt qu nhiu thi gian khin cho d n ch bt u gia nm 2015.
Phn b li ngun kinh ph cho cc hot ng mi hp l
Khng thy ti liu ha cc quyt nh a ra khi phn b li ngun kinh ph.
Hiu qu
CU HI NH GI 3: Cc can thip cho UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc dn s v pht trin hiu qu nh th no trong vic cng c cc chnh sch
quc gia thng qua lng ghp vi cc phn tch da vo bng chng v bin ng dn s v lin kt vi cc ch tiu pht trin bn vng ca quc
gia?
Gi thit cn nh gi
UNFPA ng gp vo vic tng
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Cc s liu iu tra mi c thu thp v
115
Bo co nm ca d n
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Phn tch ti liu
tnh sn c cc s liu c cht

lng, chia theo gii v cc yu t
nhn khu hc.
tng hp trn ton quc
S liu iu tra v d: iu
tra Dn s v Nh gia k
(IPS), iu tra Thay i Dn
s v KHHG, T vong M,
Di c ni a, v.v.
Phng vn cn b, nhn
vin Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam
Phng vn vi cc i
tc thc hin d n v
cc bn c lin quan
bn ngoi d n
Thu tho s liu c cc i tc khc nhau nh gi cao. Tuy nhin, bng chng cho thy l vic ph bin d liu vn cn hn ch v cha h
thng. Qua tho lun vi cc i tc pha chnh ph cho thy khng phi tt c s liu u c xut bn m khi ch kho c yu cu bi mt bn c
th, c khi yu cu c s liu th. Cc i tc c quan LHQ cng ngh rng cng b s liu cn cha thc s hiu qu. Cc V Cc ca chnh ph phi
hp vi mt s t chc quc tn chia s s liu vi mng li cc t chc quc t.
Vic thu to s liu cng mong i c s phi hp tt hn vi cc c quan LHQ khc, nh T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) (d bo ngi cao tui, di
c v t l sinh) v UNICEF (iu tra gia k MICS)
UNFPA h tr cc i tc nng cao
nng lc s dng s liu lp k
hoch, gim st v nh gi cc
chin lc v chnh sch pht
trin x hi v dn s chnh cp
trung ng, khu vc v trn
ton quc.
S liu c cc i tc thc hin d n cp

trung ng phn tch v s dng n xy
dng chnh sch v chin lc
Tin thc hin Chng trnh Hnh ng
Quc gia v Ngi cao tui Vit Nam ti
tuyn tnh
S lng v cht lng cc ti liu vn ng
chnh sch v bng chng theo tng cp
xy dng
Bo co nm ca d n
Chin lc quc gia v ti
liu chnh sch k c bn
tho
Bo co phn tch iu tra
v d: Bo co Kt qu
Chnh v cc s liu ton
quc v.v. c cc i tc
tuyn trung ng xut bn
Tin Lut Dn s thng qua qu trnh lp

pht, xy dng cc ti liu gim st v h tr
khc cho cc lut hin hnh (v d: hng
dn v ti liu cng c qun l Lut Kim sot
v Phng chng Bo hnh Gia nh v Lut
Ngi Cao tui)
S liu c cc i tc thc hin d n cp trung ng phn tch v s dng n xy dng chnh sch v chin lc
Kt qu chnh v cc ch s (dn s, t sut sinh, t l t vong, di c, mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh, lo ha v gii) ca cuc iu tra Dn s v
Nh gia k (IPS) c s dng ng lc xy dng bo co nh hng cho chu k mi ca K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi (SEDP), 2016-
116
2020, bo co cui cng v Mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k v tho lun chng trnh ngh s sau 2015. Vi bn d tho k hoch taajphuaasn
ca h thng Tng cc thng k giai on 2015-2020 v mt s sch thng k thc hnh chn lc s dng ti cc trng i hc v cao ng
o to v b mn thng k ph hp vi bi cnh t nc c thu nhp mc trung bnh. Cun ti liu d tho cui v lng ghp cc bin dn s
vo lp k hoch pht trin c dng cho tp hun trong nm 2015, v ti liu d tho cui v nh gi Nhu cu Tp hun cho cc nghin cu v
dn s v pht trin. Kt qu chnh ca nghin cu "Tng trng kinh tt Vit Nam: Vai tr ca lm theo ca v Nng sut lao ng theo tng
nhm tui" cung cp u vo xy dng bo co nh hng v K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi. Cc nh hoch nh chnh sch v nhm
son tho bo co inh hng K hoch Pht trin Kinh t - X hi c trang b kin thc v cc vn pht trin v dn s mi ni Vit Nam
lng ghp cc vn ny vo bo co. Chuyn thm quan trao i ti Philippines v Hn Quc c t chc cho cc lnh jao v nh qun l
ca Vin Chin lc Pht trin, B K hoch v u t nhm tng cng lng ghp cc bin dn s vo cc k hoachh pht trin quc gia.
Cc i tc pha chnh ph cng vi UNFPA xut bn mt t thng tin vn v mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh thng bo v tnh hnh ti cc i
biu quc hi
Do hn ch ph bin, s liu cng c s dng mt cch hn ch. Cc i tc thc hin cp trung ng ca UNFPA c nng cao nng lc thng
qua cc chng trnh (thm ch nhiu hn 1 chu k), tuy nhin kh l thch thc khi thng tin n/vn ng cc nh hoch nh chnh sch s
dng s liu xy dng chnh sch/chin lc. VD: Lut Dn s
Tin thc hin Chng trnh Hnh ng Quc gia v Ngi cao tui Vit Nam ti tuyn tnh
D n nhm nng cao nng lc cho cn b, nhn vin tuyn tnh, h thng gim st v nh gi, c ch phi hp v ngi cao tui, v m hnh cu
lc b nhiu th h khuyn khch vai tr ca ngi cao tui trong cng ng. m hnh cu lc b nhiu th h c th im t khi bt u chu
k vi 6 cu lc b ti 6 x (2 huyn).
Phn d n b ct do gim ngun kinh ph trong giai on cui ca chu k, v th nhm khng th nh gi c cu phn phn tch chi ph hiu
qu.
S lng v cht lng cc ti liu vn ng chnh sch v bng chng theo tng cp xy dng
C mt s ti liu vn ng chnh sch c xy dng. Tham kho danh sch cc ti liu do UNFPA chia s. Cc c quan LHQ khc nh gi cao
iu tra/s liu ny (c bit l cc c quan LHQ)
CU HI NH GI 4: Cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc SKSS v TD c hiu qu nh th no trong vic p ng nhu cu ca ngi tr,
cc vn v SKSS v TD, quyn sinh sn, KHHG v HIV trong cc chnh sch quc gia c lin quan?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Dch v SKSS cht lng cao, nhy

cm v gii v ton din lun sn
Nng lc ca B y t (c tuyn trung ng v

tuyn tnh) c nng cao cng c h
Cc i tc thc hin d n
pha chnh v cc t chc
117
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
R sot ti liu
Phng vn Cn b, nhn
c v d dng tip cn cc vng

thit thi c ch trng ti thanh
nin v cc nhm dn s d b tn
thng
thng y t, bao gm h thng qun l thng

tin y t ton din v chin lc pht trin con
ngi da vo k nng c bit nhm ti dn
tc thiu s.
phi chnh ph
Cn b, nhn vin Vn
Cc la chn chnh sch da vo bng chng

lun sn sng cc i tc pha chnh ph
nhn rng tnh tip cn ti dch v SKSS v
TD, c th l cho nhm dn s d b tn
thng, bao gm thanh nin v dn tc thiu
s, cung cp dch v SKSS v TD, bao gm c
dch v phng trnh HIV cho ngi hnh
ngh mi dm.
vin Vn phng UNFPA

ti Vit Nam
Phng vn cc i tc
thc hin d n
Phng vn/tho lun
nhm vi cc i tng
c hng li t d
n
Thm thc a cc tnh
trng im
Lin kt hiu qu dch v HIV, vim nhim ly

qua ng tnh dc v SKSS qua qu trnh
xy dng hng dn chun quc gia, v thc
hin sau ti cp dch v, ct h l tng
cng phi hp a ngnh v cc vn ca
thanh nin c bit p ng nhu cu ca
h v SKSS v TD, phng trnh HIV v bo
hnh gii.
Nng lc ca B y t (c tuyn trung ng v tuyn tnh) c nng cao cng c h thng y t, bao gm h thng qun l thng tin y t ton
din v chin lc pht trin con ngi da vo k nng c bit nhm ti dn tc thiu s.
Nng lc ti cp trung ng: vi h tr ca UNFPA, B c th xy dng c cc chnh sch mi da vo bng chng. Chnh sch: 5 k hoch
quc qua 5 nm (da trn chin lc 10 nm); hng dn chun quc gia v dch v SKSS (bn cp nht); hi tho xc nh u tin trong SKSS v
TD sau 2015
Nng lc ti tuyn tnh: tp hun cho h thng n h sinh dn tc thiu s; tp hun nhn vin y t v pht hin bo hnh gia nh, tp hun cho
dc s, ngi cung cp dch v t nhn, gio dc vin ng ng, nhm kch tng tc v SKSS v TD cho v thnh nin
Khong cch: hot ng nng cao nng lc cho dc s v khu vc t nhn c bo co l ct ngn chng trnh
Khng c hoc khng o s liu nng lc u k
Cc la chn chnh sch da vo bng chng lun sn sng cc i tc pha chnh ph nhn rng tnh tip cn ti dch v SKSS v TD, c th l
cho nhm dn s d b tn thng, bao gm thanh nin v dn tc thiu s, cung cp dch v SKSS v TD, bao gm c dch v phng trnh HIV cho
ngi hnh ngh mi dm.
118
Nhm SKSS v TD bo co rng phn tch chi ph hiu qu b ct i sau nh gi gia k bi v (1) can thip khng thu to c bng chng; v (2)
ngn sch b thu bt
Phn tch chi ph-hiu qu ca lin kt SKSS v TD/HIV: hon thin trong nm 2016 khi chi ph s c nhm k thut theo di
Lin kt hiu qu dch v HIV, vim nhim ly qua ng tnh dc v SKSS qua qu trnh xy dng hng dn chun quc gia, v thc hin sau
ti cp dch v, ct h l tng cng phi hp a ngnh v cc vn ca thanh nin c bit p ng nhu cu ca h v SKSS v TD, phng
trnh HIV v bo hnh gii
Hng dn chun quc gia v SKSS v TD v HIV c d tho
M hnh gim hi cho ngi hnh ngh mi dm c th im.
H tr B Y t xy dng m hnh lin kt gia SKSS v TD v HIV
Hot ng cho thanh nin
Cc can thip lin quan n SKSS
ca UNFPA ng gp hoc
dng nh ng gp vo cc nh
hng bn vng
Mc mhu cu v kin thc v dch v SKSS v

TD trong nhm i tng ch c tng.
Quyn s hu quc gia v cc chnh sch v
can thip c th hin r rng qua dng
ngn sch ring cho SKSS v TD, v bng
chng v cc lnh jao cp trung ng tham
gia vo lp k hoch v thc hin chng
trnh SKSS v TD.
Cc i tc thc hin d n
pha chnh v cc t chc
phi chnh ph
Cn b, nhn vin Vn
i tng hng li ti
cng ng
Mc mhu cu v kin thc v dch v SKSS v TD trong nhm i tng ch c tng

Cc hot ng ngoi kha v SKSS v TD c thc hin ti cc trng trung hc v i hc ti cc tnh d n
Nhm kch tng tc tuyn tnh
Thanh nin: d n lng ghp SKSS v TD vo ti liu ca trng dy ngh, i thoi vi thanh nin, sng kin do thanh nin xut xin h tr
ca UNFPA.
Tuyn tnh: cc hot ng truyn thng lng ghp v bo hnh gii SKSS v TD cho ph n
Tuyn tnh: xy dng h thng chuyn gi chuyn nghip
119
Quyn s hu quc gia v cc chnh sch v can thip c th hin r rng qua dng ngn sch ring cho SKSS v TD, v bng chng v cc lnh
jao cp trung ng tham gia vo lp k hoch v thc hin chng trnh SKSS v TD
Cc chnh sch c xy dng: hng dn, thng t. Tuy nhin thc hin chnh sch ti tuyn khu vc cn l khong cch. VD: 2 tnh c cng can
thip, cng khung chnh sch nhng ch c mt tnh thc hin hiu qu hn.
CU HI NH GI 5: Cc can thip do UNFPA h tr trong lnh vc gii c hiu qu nh th no trong vic ci thin ng ph vi bo hnh gii v
gia tng bnh ng gii?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Can thip ca UNFPA ng gp

vo gia tng n ng vi bo hnh
gii, c th l bo hnh gia nh
thng qua ci thin chnh sch v
khung php l da vo cc bng
chng ca cc m hnh th im,
v mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh
s dng cch tip cn nhy cm
vn ha.
Nng cao c nng lc ca cc th ch quc

gia v cc t chc phi chnh ph hot ng
trong lnh vc phng chng bo hnh gii
y ban Lp php Quc hi
Cc i tc cp trung ng xy dng c
cc sch v chin lc phng trnh bo hnh
gii da vo cc bng chng v khong cch
gia chnh sch thc hin trong h thng
bo tr x hi cho cc nhm dn s d b tn
thng
Tin thc hin Chng trnh Hnh ng
Quc gia v Phng trnh Bo hnh Gia nh
n nm 2020 ti tuyn tnh
Xy dng v thc hin c cc chnh sch
v chin lc v mt cn bng gii tnh khi
sinh
Nhn rng c cc m hnh v/hoc xy
dng c c ch th im to iu kin
cho nhn rng.
Chng trnh Chung (cc

c quan LHQ)
Cc t chc phi chnh ph
v n v hot ng tp
trung vo bo hnh gii
Cc thnh vin cng ng
tip cn ti dch v v
thng tin lin quan n
bo hnh gia nh
Cc bn i tc c lin
quan tham gia vo i
thoi v vn ng chnh
sch
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Phn tch cc ti liu c
lin quan
Gp g vi i din cc
t chc phi chnh ph
Thm Bn Tre vi d n
phng trnh bo hnh
gia nh v gp g vi
ngi cung cp dch v
v thng tin (nam gii
v ph n)
Tho lun nhm vi
thnh vin ti cng
ng c tham gia vo
dch v v h tr d n
Phng trnh bo hnh
gia nh
Nng cao c nng lc ca cc th ch quc gia v cc t chc phi chnh ph hot ng trong lnh vc phng chng bo hnh gii
Nng lc ca cc c quan chnh ph v t chc phi chnh ph c nng cao thng qua cc hot ng tp hun, chin dch chung, hi tho, v cc
120
chuyn thm quan hc tp

i tc pha chnh ph c kh nng tham gia chun b b cng c v Kim sot v Phng trnh Bo hnh Gia nh, t thng tin vn v tnh hnh v
t sut gii khi sinh
Cn b nhn vin tuyn tnh bo co rng c th thit k v qun l d n tt hn
Ti tuyn c s, cn b, nhn vin cng bo co rng h tham d cc tp hun khc nhau
Cn b, nhn vin tuyn tnh, huyn v x khng nh rng hiu bit ca h v bo hnh gii c nng cao
Cc i tc cp trung ng bo co rng c cc c hi hc tp c t c, Canada, Thy in v Hn Quc.
Cc i tc cp trung ng xy dng c cc sch v chin lc phng trnh bo hnh gii da vo cc bng chng v khong cch gia chnh
sch thc hin trong h thng bo tr x hi cho cc nhm dn s d b tn thng
Ph Th tng va ph duyt xut v "Xa b Bo hnh gia nh trong giai on 2015-2020" vo thng 2 nm 2015. Chng trnh do mt i
tc cp trung ng thc hin c s h tr k thut ca UNFPA
Tin thc hin Chng trnh Hnh ng Quc gia v Phng trnh Bo hnh Gia nh n nm 2020 ti tuyn tnh
Rt kh o tin do thiu s liu. Nghin cu quc gia v Bo hnh gia nh c bo co vo thng 11 nm 2010 v k t ti nay th cha
c thng tin cp nht trn ton quc.
Xy dng v thc hin c cc chnh sch v chin lc v mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh
Hin cha c mt chin lc/chnh sch no c th gii quyt ty sut gii khi sinh cho d c rt nhiu hnh ng do UNFPA v cc t chc khc
thc hin: t thng tin vn, hot ng vn ng chnh sch thuyt phc chnh ph v vic cc cp v chng c quyn quyt nh s con v
khong cch gia cc ln sinh.
C bo co kt qu t mt s hot ng truyn thng do UNFPA v cc t chc khc thc hin, t sut gii khi sinh ti cc tnh vo nm 2014
gim 0.66%, t 118.96/100 nm 2013 xung 118.3/100 nm 2014 (bo co d n nm 2014). S liu cha c khng nh mang ngha thng
k.
Nhn rng c cc m hnh v/hoc xy dng c c ch th im to iu kin cho nhn rng.
M hnh v Kim sot v Phng trnh bo hnh gia nh c thc hin ti 6 x ca 2 huyn thuc tnh Bn Tre. Hin cha c bng chng v vic
nhn rng sang x/huyn khc trong cng tnh. Tuy nhin, tnh khng nh rng h vn ang duy tr m hnh sau chu k ny da vo c ch phi
hp hin ti ca m hnh (thng qua mt Ban Ch o)
Ti tuyn trung ng, quyt tm ca GACA nhn rng m hnh cng khng r rng. H quan ngi v hiu qu ca m hnh (ni chung ch khng
ch can thip lin quan n bo hnh gia nh) nhn rng.
121
CU HI NH GI 6: Chng trnh tng th ca UNFPA lng ghp gii v cch tip cn da trn quyn nh th no?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Cc cu phn v chin lc
chng trnh ca UNFPA lng
ghp ton din cc cch tip cn
da trn quyn v gii.
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Bnh ng gii v nng cao quyn nng cho

ph n c lng vo Chng trnh Quc gia
Cn b, nhn vin Vn
Bnh ng gii v cch tip cn da trn

quyn c khuyn khch c nh hng
ti tt c cc hot ng trong Ti liu
Chng trnh Chung.
Chng trnh Chung (cc

c quan LHQ)
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
R sot ti liu
Phng vn vi cn b,
nhn vin Vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam
Phng vn cc i tc
thc hin d n
Cc m hnh v bo hnh gia nh c thit k theo cch tip cn da trn quyn v ph hp vi Hng dn v Nguyn tc c Khuyn ngh v
Quyn Con ngi v Bun bn Ngi ca LHQ
Khng ng nht: ti tuyn c s, mt s c nhn c nu l khng c cch tip cn da trn quyn
Xung t li ch tim tng v cc v cc ca chnh ph do d khi gii quyt cc vn ny
CU HI NH GI 7: Cc ngun lc (cng c ti chnh, khung quy nh hnh chnh, nhn vin, thi gian v quy trnh) c s dng hiu qu nh
th no trong vic t c cc kt qu mong i ca chng trnh?
Hiu sut
Gi thit cn nh gi
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Cc i tng hng li t h tr
ca UNFPA nhn c cc ngun
lc theo k hoch nh trc v
ng thi im.
Ngun lc theo k hoch c nhn mc

mong i trc trong cc K hoch Nm
UNFPA (gm c phng

hnh chnh/ti chnh)
Cc ngun lc c nhn ng thi im
Cc ngun lc do UNFPA cung cp

cng to nh hng huy ng
t cc ngun khc.
Bng chng v cc ngun lc nhn c t

UNFPA to iu kin xin thm cc
ngun lc t pha chnh ph
Cc i tc (thc hin v
hng li trc tip): B K
hoch v u t/Tng cc
thng k, B Y t, B Lao
ng Thng binh v X
hi. v.v.
Bng chng v cc ngun lc nhn c t

UNFPA to iu kin xin thm cc
122
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Bo co nm ca cc B
i tc, v cc i tc
thc hin d n, bo
co kim ton v bo
co gim st
Phng vn cn b, nhn
vin cp B/Ban th
k tng hp xem li
s iu phi v c
im b sung ln nhau
ngun lc t pha cc i tc khc

Cc quy trnh v ti chnh v hnh
chnh cng nh s kt hp
phng thc thc hin cho php
chng trnh c thc hin tri
chy.
trong khi thc hin

chng trnh
S ph hp ca cc quy trnh ti chnh v

hnh chnh a vo thc hin
R sot cc ti liu ti
chnh ti vn phng
UNFPA (cc ti liu d
n) v phng vn cn
b, nhn vin ti chnh
v hnh chnh.
S ph hp ca cc tiu ch la chn cc i
tc Thc hin d n
K hoch ca UNFPA l p ng nhu cu ca nhiu cc bn c lin quan. Cm nhn ca mt s cc bn c lin quan tuyn tnh v cp trung ng:
hnh chnh phc tp, chm tr chuyn tin do thi hn np bo co ngn, khng nht tr v cc ni dung u tin, qu nhiu hot ng nh gi v
gim st
Mt i tc thc hin t hiu sut cng vic khi c cc i tc khc u kt ni. Khi khng c kt ni th mt i tc thc hin khc khng to
kt ni (hoc hiu sut). Tc ng ca gii ngn v bo co (ly v d ca Tng cc thng k)
Mc tiu to dng bng chng v chnh sch: liu c cc cch khc thu to bng chng thay v thc hin m hnh can thip khng? (cc m hnh
v bo hnh gia nh, chm sc ngi cao tui c thc hin cc tnh khc hoc cng tnh nu chu k trc thc hin)
Kh thay i hot ng trong khung d n: i tc thc hin phi i k hoch nm mi th mi ph duyt c thay i. (y ban v cc vn
x hi ca Quc hi, Qung Bnh)
Ra quyt nh ti c s v bi cc i tc l hn ch
Chnh ph phn b ngun lc vo cho d n nhng c t v d v vic chnh ph huy ng c ngun lc t cc ngun khc
Mt nhiu thi gian thc hin cc can thip ti tuyn x/lng
CU HI NH GI 8: Cc yu t hn ch v thc y hon thnh kt qu l g?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Cc yu t bi cnh, bn ngoi v
ni ti nh hng n vic
hon thnh kt qu c tch cc v
tiu cc
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Cc yu t bi cnh, bn ngoi v ni ti
nh hng n vic hon thnh kt qu
cn b, nhn vin Vn
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam d bo c

trc cc yu t hn ch hon thnh kt qu,
v c chin lc gim thiu cc tc ng
Cc i tc pha chnh ph
v phi chnh ph thc hin
d n
123
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
R sot ti liu
Phng vn cn b, nhn
vin Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam
Phng vn cc i tc

Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam d bo c
trc cc yu t thc y hon thnh kt
qu, v c chin lc ti a cc c hi
tng cng tc ng
Chng trnh Chung (cc

c quan LHQ)
thc hin d n v cc
bn c lin quan (cc c
quan LHQ v cc t
chc phi chnh ph)
Cc yu t Hn ch
C cu quyn lc v mi trng chnh tr Vit Nam
Khong cch gia a phng v trung ng
Gii quyt nhiu vn vi nhiu i tc
B p lc ngn sch hn ch (cc c quan LHQ v chnh ph)
V th thp ca cc t chc phi chnh ph/t chc chnh tr x hi (di gc nhn ca chnh ph)
S phi hp ca cc c quan LHQ b hn ch vi cu trc v quy nh ngnh dc
Cc yu t thc y
Cc nhm trng v thnh vin nhiu kinh nghim v am m
C ch phi hp ca cc c quan LHQ ang hot ng: JPG ( kin phn hi t unicef v WHO)
Tnh s hu cao ca cc i tc pha Vit Nam (mt s c nh hng mnh nn tng cng c iu phi gia cc i tc)
Nng lc v s phc tp ngy cng tng ca chnh ph Vit Nam v cc t chc chnh tr x hi
Pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc
Tnh bn vng
CU HI NH GI 9: Cc thnh tu c c trong chu k ny lin quan n thit lp quan h i tc, nng cao nng lc, lng ghp Chng trnh
Quc gia vo qu trnh xy dng k hoch quc gia v cc i tc c duy tr bn vng nh th no?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Kt qu ca cc d n do UNFPA
h tr c v ko di sau khi kt
thc Chng trnh Quc gia Chu
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Bng chng v chin lc rt h tr trong

cc chin lc lin quan n d n trong
chng trnh quc gia ca UNFPA, v qu
124
Ti liu chin lc ca d
n
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
R sot ti liu
Hp vi cc i tc thc
k 8.
trnh chuyn gia t UNFPA sang cho cc i

tc thc hin cc d n c lin quan.
Quyn s hu i vi mi d n ca cc
nhm/c quan phi hp khc nhau (cc i
tc thc hin (cc t chc phi chnh ph, v
cc c quan pha chnh ph)).
Thm thc a
K hoch hot ng ca
cc i tc
hin v cc bn c lin
quan ti cp trung ng
v khu vc
Thm thc a ti cc
tnh d n
Mc cam kt ti chnh t pha chnh ph

(phn b ngn sch) i vi cc i tng
hng li ca chng trnh sn sng tip tc
thc hin cc hot ng c khi ht h tr
ca UNFPA.
Hng dn Chun Quc gia v SKSS v TD: pha chnh ph tng phn chia s chi ph
Vn ng chnh sch ti cp trung ng: c tim nng ln. Bng chng cho thy UNFPA c tc ng v vn ng chnh sch
Nhng thc hin: bi cnh v khong cch gia cp trung ng v tuyn tnh
M hnh can thip: khng r l hot ng c c tip tc sau khi UNFPA ht cp kinh ph khng.
PhI hp vI cc c quan LHQ khc trong

nc (UNCT)
Tnh bn vng c v khng xy ra trn c s t nguyn

CU HI NH GI 10: UNFPA Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam ng gp nh th no vo vic to ra s phi hp tt gia cc c quan LHQ, c
bit trong quan im trnh chng cho?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam
tch cc ng gp vo nhm cc
c quan LHQ (UNCT) v cc hot
ng chung, v m bo rng cc
n lc khng b chng cho v to
ra s phi hp ng b vi cc t
chc LHQ khc khi c th.
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
Bng chng v s tham gia tch cc ca

nhm lm vic LHQ
Bin bn hp nhm cc c
quan LHQ
Bng chng v vai tr ch o ca UNFPA

trong cc nhm lm vic v/hoc cc sng
kin phi hp ph hp vi cc ni dung
nhim v
Cc ti liu lp k hoch
lin quan d n phi hp
ca nhm cc c quan LHQ
Bo co gim st/nh gi
cc d n v chng trnh
phi hp
Bng chng v trao i thng tin gia cc c

quan LHQ
125
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Phn tch ti liu
Phng vn cn b, nhn
vin Vn phng UNFPA
ti Vit Nam
Phng vn t chc ch
thp LHQ (UNRC)
Phng vn cc c quan
LHQ khc
Bng chng v lp k hoch sng kin phi

(lp k hoch)
Bng chng v cng thc hin chng trnh
Gi tr tgia tng
CU HI NH GI 11: Th mnh so snh chnh ca Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam l g c th l so snh vi cc t chc LHQ khc trong vic h
tr cc ni dung chng trnh?
Gi thit cn nh gi
Ch s
Ngun thng tin
UNFPA Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit

Nam xc nh c th mnh so
snh v cng c th mnh ny khi
thit k v thc hin chng trnh
quc gia ti Vit Nam.
Th mnh so snh ca UNFPA, cp t

chc v trong nc, c bit so snh vi cc
t chc LHQ khc c xc nh c th v
tip tc cng c
Ti liu Chng trnh

Chung v Bo co nm ca
Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit
Nam
M t c kt qu t cc lnh vc m
UNFPA ng gp.
Chin lc ca Vn phng
UNFPA ti Vit Nam
Thu thp c cc quan im ca cc bn c

lin quan lin quan n gi tr gia tng ca
UNFPA v s dng trong thi gian ti.
C s d liu cho thy kt

qu hoc phn tch d liu
Phng php v cng c

thu thp s liu
Phng vn vi cc bn
c lin quan chnh
R sot vn bn
Bo co t cc i tc v
cc t chc pht trin khc
Cc h tr k thut c ghi nhn v nh gi cao

Gii quyt cc vn nhy cm hn v kh khn hn. V d: cn bng gii khi sinh, SKSS v TD cho thanh nin/v thnh nin, n h sinh dn tc
thiu s
Nng cao nng lc v d liu v phn tch
126
Annex 7: UNFPA Viet Nam CP8 Disbursement rates 20122014

Output
Description
2014
High-quality data, disaggregated by age, sex and demographic

factors, is available and capacity of MPI/GSO and other line
ministries is increased to use such data for planning, monitoring
and evaluating key population and social development policies
OP 1.1.1 and strategies, at national and sub-national levels nationwide
Evidence on policy-implementation gaps in the social protection
system for elderly, young people, migrants and ethnic minorities
is available and capacity of MPI and line ministries is increased to
use such evidence in appropriate national/sub-national policy
OP 2.1.1 and strategy
National and sub-national elected bodies are supported, at
national and sub-national levels, to develop evidence based
policies and strategies in the areas of population, reproductive
OP 3.1.1 health and gender, and oversee their implementation.
Population Development
MOH capacity is increased for health system strengthening,
including for a comprehensive HMIS and competency based
human resources strategy specifically targeted towards ethnic
OP 2.2.1 minority populations.
Evidence based policy options are available for nation-wide
replication to promote universal access to sexual and
reproductive health, specifically for vulnerable populations,
OP 2.2.4 including young people and ethnic minorities
Evidence based policy options are available to government
authorities for provision of SRH, including HIV prevention,
OP 2.4.1 services to sex workers
SRH
A national response is developed to address SRB imbalance, using
OP 2.4.3 a culturally sensitive approach.
A minimum comprehensive package of GBV prevention, care and
treatment, protection, and support services is developed based
OP 2.4.4 on evidence, best practices and lesson learnt from pilot models.
Gender
Other programatic areas
Admin, prog support
127
2013
2012
97.06%
97.02%
98.83%
97.22%
98.61%
87.58%
99.08%
97.45%
97.89%
97.50%
99.49%
97.28%
96.70%
98.82%
92.76%
97.10%
97.23%
97.66%
95.31%
96.70%
95.62%
97.42%
96.86%
97.11%
98.55%
99.02%
96.21%
99.84% 96.58%
98.76% 98.55%
97.04% 99.19%
99.87% 100.05%
94.43%
95.98%
62.30%
99.99%
Annex 8: Project Budget & Expenditure by Year
Project ID
VNM8U701
VNM8U702
VNM8U708
VNM8U103
VNM8U104
VNM8U105
VNM8U506
VNM8U507
2012
2013
2014
Budget
Expenditure
Budget
Expenditure
Budget
Expenditure
279,400
276,125
717,990
696,616
770,010
747,385
71,430
62,560
236,000
232,726
299,265
290,951
468,430
455,691
205,500
201,172
223,203
221,142
70,750
65,628
603,050
595,920
346,600
335,165
623,169
608,571
1,234,256
1,200,030
1,425,081
1,383,818
123,200
119,331
331,900
317,370
408,309
389,152
490,415
471,843
1,204,612
1,192,788
1,180,273
1,163,192
72,100
68,086
290,097
280,186
223,761
223,411
2,198,894
2,127,836
4,823,405
USD Dollars
Source: UNFPA ATLAS Data 2015 [58]
128
4,716,807
4,876,502
4,754,217
Annex 9: Results of survey on UNFPAs Global Strategy applicability to Vit Nam

Gender equality
OUTPUTS
Do these assumptions hold true in your context? Yes
Governments will commit and allocate more
domestic resources to GBV and harmful practices
interventions
[Common understanding of] the policy and
political
Partially No
0
1
1
0
Are these issues risks to achieving outputs in y Yes

Vertical, non-coordinated programmes
among develop
0
0
OUTCOMES
Legislation and policies implemented
Strengthening protection systems leads to better h
Service providers are effective in reaching victim
Men's participation
Sufficient resources are available to respond to a
0
0
0
0
0
Partially No
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
STRATEGIC GOALS
Peace and security will improve
Favourable political environment and full civil so
Human and financial resources available througho
0
0
0
Partially No
1
1
1
0
0
0
129
Partially No
Initiatives do not adequately address

underlying s
Increased sociocultural resistance
0
0
1
1
0
0
Are these issues risks to achieving outcomes inYes

Increase in sociocultural and legal barriers
Higher national human resources turnover
Reduced national ownership of the programme
0
1
0
Partially No
0
0
0
1
0
1
Are these issues risks to achieving the strategicYes

Social instability/conflicts/crises
Financial crisis
1
1
Partially No
0
0
0
0
Population dynamics
OUTPUTS
Do these assumptions hold true in your context?
Yes
Sociocultural and political environment is conducive to
the development of policies around population
dynamics
Are these issues risks to achieving outputs in your

context?
Increased barriers on the ability of implementing
partners to implement programmes.
Partially No
Are these issues risks to achieving outcomes in your

context?
Sociocultural and legal barriers increase; higher
national human resources turnover; reduced national
ownership of the programme.
Partially No
Governments support incorporation of these priorities

into their partnership with UNFPA.
3
STRATEGIC GOALS
Yes
Human and financial resources available throughout
Partially No
3
1
1
3
0
3
Partially No
OUTCOMES
Yes
Yes
Yes
Are these issues risks to achieving the strategic goals in

your context?
Yes
Financial crisis
0
0
1
130
Partially No
0
0
Partially No
1
3
3
1
Sexual & reproductive health

OUTPUTS
Yes
Common understanding of human rights standards for
Gvts will commit and allocate more domestic resour
Policy and political environment improved
0
0
1
Partially No
1
1
0
0
0
0
Are these issues risks to achieving outputs in your contextYes

Reduced number of health workers with midwifery sk
Vertical, noncoordinated programmes among developm
Infrastructure deteriorates, affecting service del
0
0
1
Partially No
1
1
0
0
0
0
OUTCOMES
Legislation and policies implemented
Gvt resource allocation for FP, MH and HIV improve
Sufficient resources are available to respond to a
0
0
0
Partially No
1
1
1
0
0
0
Are these issues risks to achieving outcomes in your conteYes

Sociocultural and legal barriers increase;
higher national human resources turnover;
reduced national ownership of the programme.
1
1
0
Partially No
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Partially No
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
Are these issues risks to achieving the strategic goals in yoYes

Financial crisis
0
1
Partially No
0
0
1
0
STRATEGIC GOALS
Human and financial resources available throughout
Legislative framework in accordance with ICPD
Yes
Yes
131
Ph lc 10: C s phn tch cc hot ng ca Chng

trnh Quc gia
Qua phn tch Ti liu Khung D n Chi tit
Kt qu t Ti
D n
liu Chng trnh

Chung
Ni dung trng tm s 1 trong K hoch Mt LHQ: pht trin ton din, bnh ng v bn vng
Kt qu 1 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Cng c thu thp s liu quc gia Phn no y cn c h tr nng lc cho Tng
cc thng k c nu trong k hoch d n. 51 L do ca d n tp trung vo s thiu ht
nng lc trong cc cn b k hoch trong vic lng ghp cc bin dn s vo lp k hoch
pht trin gip cc nh hoch nh chnh sch xy dng cc chinhs ch da vo bng
chng. n thi im cui ny, d n nhm p ng nhu cu ca Tng cc thng k v tt c
nhng ngi s dng s liu, k cc cc nh qun l v nh hoch nh chnh sch. L do c
da nhiu trn cc nh hng chnh sch v cc cam kt cng c nng lc cho Tng cc
thng k hn l c c s liu v bng chng v nng lc hin ti.
Ni dung trng tm s 2 trong K hoch Mt LHQ: tip cn c ti cc dch v bo tr x hi v dch v thit yu,
c cht lng
Kt qu 2 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Can thip v chm sc cho ngi cao tui Phn no y D n lp k hoch can
thip tnh Bn Tre trch ngun s liu quc gia v ngi cao tui v s liu c th ca Bn
Tre, ghi nhn thy s dn cao tui ti tnh cao hn trung bnh ca c nc. 52 nh gi u k
trch dn t bo co nm 2013 ca d n nhn nh rng can thip tp trung vo cc hot
ng chm sc ngi cao tui lm c s thit k chng trnh v gim st thc hin cc
hot ng trong tnh ch khng phi l mt loi nh gi nhu cu. S liu u k khng c
th hin trong cc biu mu ti liu. Tng t nh nu trn, c s phn tch r rng khng
c ti liu ha ring bit b k ti liu hin c no.
Ti liu thit k d n v chm sc ngi cao tui tnh Hi Dng, s liu ton quc v dn
s cao tui c trch dn t Nin gim Thng k nm 2009. Thit k d n c ghi dn s cao
tui tnh Hi Dng l 11.5%, vo hn trung bnh ton quc l 9.4% (S liu t iu tra Thay
i Dn s). Theo s liu nm 2009, Hi Dng l mt trng 10 tnh c ch s lo ha cao nht
53
nc.
51
Khung d n chi tit: H tr thc hin Chin lc Pht trin Thng k ti Vit Nam giai on 2011-2020 v s dng thng tin dn s trong lp
k hoch v lp chng trnh pht trin, Tng c Thng k, nm 2012
52
Khung d n chi tit: Phng trnh Bo hnh gia nh v Ci thin Chm sc ngi cao tui tnh Bn Tr, y ban Nhn dn Tnh Bn Tre, S Y
t, nm 2012
53
Khung d n chi tit: D n h tr k thut ca UNFPA: Phng chng bo hnh gia nh, gii quyt mt cn bng gii khi sinh v chm sc
ngi ca tui tnh Hi Dng, y ban Nhn dn tnh Hi Dng, nm 2012
132
Kt qu 3 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Kt qu 4 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Can thip cng s h thng y t (SKSS v TD c th cho cc nhm d b tn thng) y

Mc d Vit Nam hon thnh Mc tiu Thin nin k nhng vn c s khc bit v
mc bao ph y t gia cc tng lp dn s bao gm ngi thiu s, ngi ngho i v
ngi dn sng cc vng kh khn. Thng thng ba nhm c im ny thng kt hp
mt s cm dn s nht nh. K hoch d n can thip Qung Bnh xy dng trn c s s
liu quc gia v ca tnh t cuc tng iu tra dn s nm 2009, c th l cc nhm dn s d
b tn thng thng qua cng c dch v y t cho Qung Bnh. 54 M hnh ny cng da trn s
liu gn y hn v Sc khe B m v Tr em ca nm 2011 v t l sinh c theo di trong
khi mang thai nh mt ch s th hin d thiu ht ca h thng y t, cng vi khong hng v
kin thc trong nng lc ca B Y t. 55
H tr thc hin chin lc quc gia (SKSS v TD v thanh nin) Phn no y
Ti liu thit k d n h tr cc i tc cp trung ng thu nh khong cch gia chnh
sch v thc hin da trn cc s liu dn s quc gia nm 2009 v lm r nhiu cc chnh
sch ang c ban hnh. 56 C l do bng chng v cc vn SKSS v TD c th nh hng
n v thnh nin nhng li khng c s liu thng k c th hoc cc ngun. Ti liu thit k
nu r cc b thc hin cc sng kin lin quan n thanh nin vi v thanh nin l mt ti
xuyn sut v v vy l cc im u vo cho cc hot ng xuyn sut v lng ghp ca cc
bn.
Can thip thn thin vi tr em (v sc khe b m) Phn no y Ti liu thit k
d n cho tnh Ninh Thun c t thng tin v l do hoc tnh hnh thc t tr thng tinh v mt
nh gi (do UNICEF thc hin) trong chu k trc c khuyn ngh d n tip tc giai on
hai. 57 Ti liu thit k d n c ghi rng d n s tp trung cc x ngho v nhiu ngi dn
tc thiu s. Ti liu thit k can thip tnh in Kon Tum trch dn con s thng k v suwssc
khe m b v tr em ca tnh (khng c ngun) v cng trch dn bo co nh gi ca
UNICEF thc hin nm 2011. 58 Tng t nh Ninh Thun, d n s tp trung vo cc huyn
ngho nht v cc nhm dn d b tn thng nht bao gm cc dn tc thiu s.
Kt qu 5 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Cng c nng lc h tr nhng ngi c HIV v AIDS y Ti liu thit k d n

da trn s liu quc gia, c th l t l nhim HIV trong nhm ngi hnh ngh mi dm v
thanh nin t ngun ca B Y t. 59 Ti liu cng minh ha s lng thanh nin m i tc thc
hin d n c th tip cn thng qua h thng dy ngh vi quan im tp hun v k nng
sng bao gm cc thng tin v phng chng HIV.
54
Khung d n chi tit: Cng c h thng y t ca Qung Bnh ci thin tip cn dch v SKSS/KHHG cho ngi dn Qung Binh, c bit cc
nhm dn d b tn thng, y ban Nhn dn tnh Qung Bnh, 2012
55
D n Qung Bnh: Khng c nh gi u k. Giai on mt ca d n c thit k da trn: 1) S liu t cuc Tng iu tra nm 2009; 2)
Bo co ca V bo v Sc khe B m Tr em, B Y t, 2011; 3) K hoch Chin lc pht trin h thng y t ca Qung Bnh giai on 2011
2020; 4) K hoch hnh ng ca tnh thc hin Chin lc Dn s v SKSS giai on 2011 2020. Giai on hai ca d n c thit k da
trn kt qu ca bo co iu tra ban u v tnh trng khng p ng nhu cu v lm m an ton v bin php trnh thai trong bn phn tch
chi ph hiu qu ca m hnh can thip ti tnh Qung Bnh.
56
Khung d n chi tit: H tr nng lc thc hin Chin lc Quc gia v Pht trin Thanh nin giai on 2011-2020, B Ni v, 2012
57
Khung d n chi tit: D n Thn thin vi Tr em ca Ninh Thun nhm h tr Sc khe B m, y ban Nhn dn tnh Ninh Thun, 2012
58
Khung d n chi tit: D n Thn thin vi Tr em ca Kon Tum nhm h tr Sc khe B m, y ban Nhn dn tnh Kon Tum, 2012
59
Khung d n chi tit: H tr B Lao ng Thng binh v X hi (MOLISA) gii quyt cc vn mi ni v y t v x hi lin quan c th n
cc nhm dn s d b tn thng, B Lao ng Thng binh v X hi (MOLISA), 2012
133
Kt qu 6 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Kt qu 7 trong
Ti liu Chng
trnh Chung
Cc can thip v mt cn bng gii khi sinh y Ti liu thit k d n ca tnh Hi

Dng trch dn s liu t cuc Tng iu tra Dn s nm 2009, v ghi nhn rng s liu thng
k ca tnh th hin mc mt cn bng gii tnh khi sinh cao nht trong c nc. 60
Mt cn bng gii khi sinh nng lc ca cc t chc x hi trong nc Phn no y
Ti liu thit k d n c nu s liu thng k trong nc khng lin kt ni dung ny vi
vai tr c th ca cc t chc x hi c than gia vo d n. V s liu u k v nng lc ca
cc t chc x hi tham gia trong d n cng khng nu nhu cu c th cho d n ny. 61 Tt c
cc ch s trong d n u khng c s liu u k.
Cng c nng lc trong nc h tr cc nn nhn ca bo hnh gia nh Phn no
y Ti liu thit k d n vi s tham gia ca cc t chc x da trn s liu thng k
quc gia, nhng khng c s liu u vo ca bt k mt ch s no trong d n. 62
Cc can thip phng trnh bo hnh gia nh Phn no y K hoch d n cc can
thip phng trnh bo hnh gia nh Bn Tre v Hi Dng trch dn s liu thng k quc
gia v bo hnh ph n t nghin cu ca Tng cc thng k/Ph n LHQ nm 2010. 63 Ti liu
thit k d n trch dn s liu c th v cc ca bo hnh c bo co tnh Bn Tre t d n
trc do UNFPA h tr v bo hnh gia nh v t s liu ca S Vn ha Th thao v Du
lch (DOCST) tnh Hi Dng. Vi d n ti Bn Tre, th cc trng hp c ghi nhn t chu
k trc c trch dn lm l do xy dng d n trong chu k 8 nhm tng hp kt qu ca
chu k 7 v xy dng m hnh chi ph hiu qu v phng trnh bo hnh gia nh c th
nhn rng Bn Tre v cc tnh khc. Khng c cc bo co phn tch r rng v nh hng
khng cn xng ca bo hnh gia nh Bn Tre hoc cc bng chng t chu k trc th hin
thnh tu trong vic gim bo hnh gia nh hoc tng trng hp bo co. l cc tham
64
kho lin h vi cc bi hc t chu k 7 c ghi nhn nm 2012 nhng do ti liu d n ny
kt hp hai ni dung vn , nn khng r l bi hc kinh nghim l ca mt hoc ca c
hai ni dung. Nghin cu u vo ca d n ny c thc hin t thng 1 n thng 3 nm
2013 65, v bo co d n nm 2013 c nu s liu u vo sau c s dng xy dng
d n tip theo.
Ni dung trng tm s 3 trong K hoch Mt LHQ: qun tr v c s tham gia

Kt qu 8 trong
Ti liu Chng
Cng c nng lc quc gia v lut php v chnh sch y K hoch d n nu r tin
nng cao nng lc v xy dng chnh sch ca y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi
trong chu k trc v cc khong hng cn phi tip tc gii quyt trong chu k hin ti. 66 Vi
60
Khung d n chi tit: D n h tr k thut do UNFPA h tr: Phng trnh bo hnh gia nh, gii quyt vn mt cn bng gii tnh khi
sinh, v chm sc ngi cao tui ti Hi Dng, y ban Nhn dn tnh Hi Dng, nm 2012
61
Khung d n chi tit, D n nng cao nng lc cho cc t chc x hi Vit Nam gii quyt cc vn v bo hnh gii v vn dn s
mi ni, Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, nm 2012
62
Khung d n chi tit, D n nng cao nng lc cho cc t chc x hi Vit Nam gii quyt cc vn v bo hnh gii v vn dn s
mi ni, Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, nm 2012
63
Khung d n chi tit: D n h tr k thut do UNFPA h tr: Phng trnh bo hnh gia nh, gii quyt vn mt cn bng gii tnh khi
sinh, v chm sc ngi cao tui ti Hi Dng, y ban Nhn dn tnh Hi Dng, nm 2012
64
2012 Phng trnh v gii quyt Bo hnh gia nh Vit Nam Bi hc kinh nghim t m hnh can thip ca tnh Ph Th v Bn Tre
65
2013 Bo co nghin cu u k v tnh hnh bo hnh gia nh Hi Dng v Bn Tre
66
Khung d n chi tit: Cng c nng lc cho cc nh hoch nh chnh sch v vn dng chnh sch, xy dng v qun l lut v chnh sch v
dn s, SKSS v bnh ng gii, y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi, nm 2012
134
trnh Chung
tnh hnh hin ti th c v cn mt nghin cu nh tnh da vo cc kinh nghim hn l

nghin cu nh lng v con s thng k. Cc khong hng c xc nh bao gm thng tin
cp nht v bng chng ch r khong hng chnh sch, nng lc ca i biu quc hi
trong vic son tho lut, hng dn chun hoc cng c qun l, kt qu ca d n Hi
Dng, Kon Tum v Bn Tre ang c s dng vn ng cho vic nhn rng trn ton
quc.
135
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nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia, Chu k 8

ca UNFPA h tr Chnh ph Vit Nam

Danh sch cc biu

Danh sch cc bng

Bn Vit Nam vi cc tnh ang c cc can thip ca UNFPA

Vit Nam: Cc thng tin v s liu chnh

Bi cnh quc gia

Cc chin lc chng trnh v k hoch ca UNFPA/ cc t chc lin hp quc

Khung khi nim

Hiu qu ca Chng trnh Quc gia

Hiu qu trong cu phn Dn s v Pht trin

Hiu qu trong cu phn SKSS v TD

Hiu qu trong cu phn v Bnh ng gii

iu phi cc Nhm C quan LHQ

Bi hc kinh nghim cho vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam

Ph lc 1: iu khon Tham chiu

Ph lc 2: L thuyt Thay i (s tho)

Annex 3: Stakeholders met during the evaluation

Annex 4: UNFPA Country Office Matrix (OP, CCPD, SP)

Annex 5: UNFPA Country Programme Outputs v Outcomes

Ph lc 6: Bng nh gi v Bng chng

Annex 7: UNFPA Viet Nam CP8 Disbursement rates 2012-2014

Annex 8: Project Budget & Expenditure by Year

Annex 9: Results of survey on UNFPAs Global Strategy applicability to Vit Nam

Ph lc 10: C s phn tch cc hot ng ca Chng trnh Quc gia

Vn phng UNFPA Khu vc Chu Thi Bnh

Gi Can thip Ti thiu

nh gi v Tnh hnh Dn s v Pht trin ti

Ti liu Chng trnh Chung

B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch

Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam

Chng trnh Quc gia Chu k 8 ca UNFPA

B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi

nh gi Chng trnh Quc gia

T chc phi chnh ph

Khung D n Chi tit

i tc thc hin d n cp trung ng

Phng trnh bo hnh gia nh

H tr Pht trin Chnh thc

K hoch ha gia nh (KHHG)

Tng Sn phm Quc ni

Tng Thu nhp Quc gia

Sc khe Sinh sn (SKSS)

Ch s Pht trin Con ngi

Chin lc Pht trin Kinh t - X hi

Vi rt suy gim min dch ngi

T sut gii khi sinh

Hng dn Qun l D n v Chng trnh

Sc khe Sinh sn v Tnh dc (SKSS v TD)

iu tra Nhn khu hc gia k

iu khon Tham chiu

Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin

Quc gia pht trin hn

T chc Thng mi Th gii

Quc gia c thu nhp trung bnh

Danh sch cc biu

Danh sch cc bng

Vn phng UNFPA ti Vit Nam cn lp k hoch v phi hp vi cc i tc c lin quan

m bo lm r cch tip cn v mc ch ca chng trnh chu k tip theo: Vn phng

M rng tm nh hng v xy dng chin lc hoc hp tc i tc: UNFPA c v th vng

Xy dng tm nhn lu di v nh gi lp k hoch trung hn: UNFPA nn cn nhc lp k

Bn Vit Nam vi cc tnh ang c cc can thip ca

Hnh 1: Bn Vit Nam v cc tnh thc hin d n ca UNFPA

Vit Nam: Cc thng tin v s liu chnh