KERJA PROJEK MATEMATIK TAMBAHAN 2016

NEGERI KEDAH - ANSWER

Task 1 : Mathematics in My Life
I. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
In mathematics, a conjecture is a mathematical statement which appears to be true, but has not
been formally proven. The Latin roots of "conjecture" translate to "throw together"we are
throwing together many observations into one idea. A conjecture can be thought of as the
mathematicians way of saying I believe that this is true, but I have no proof yet. Once
someone proves a conjecture, it is called a theorem
A conjecture is a good guess or an idea about a pattern. For example, make a conjecture about
the next number in the pattern 2;6;11;17;... The terms increase by 4, then 5, and then 6.
Conjecture: the next term will increase by 7, so it will be 17+7=24.
Axiom is a rule or a statement that is accepted as true without proof. An axiom is also called
a postulate. Mathematicians assume that axioms are true without being able to prove them.
However this is not as problematic as it may seem, because axioms are either definitions or
clearly obvious, and there are only very few axioms.
Imagine that we place several points on the circumference of a circle and connect every point
with each other. This divides the circle into many different regions, and we can count the
number of regions in each case. The diagrams below show how many regions there are for
several different numbers of points on the circumference. We have to make sure that only two
lines meet at every intersection inside the circle, not three or more.

1 region

2 regions

4 regions

8 regions

16 regions

We can immediately see a pattern: the number of regions is always twice the previous one, so
that we get the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, This means that with 6 points on the circumference
there would be 32 regions, and with 7 points there would be 64 regions.
We might decide that we are happy with this result. The number of regions is always twice the
previous one after all this worked for the first five cases. Or we might decide that we should
check a few more, just to be safe:

31 regions, not 32

57 regions, not 64

Unfortunately something went wrong: 31 might look like a counting mistake, but 57 is much less
than 64. The sequence continues 99, 163, 256 very different from what we would get when
doubling the previous number. This example illustrates why, in mathematics, you cant just say
that an observation is always true just because it works in a few cases you have tested.
II . POSTER
Idea for poster
- Create geometric shaped replica using newspaper
Example :

- Cut out picture that have geometric shape in it and paste in a mahjong paper

Task 2 : Algebra oh Algebra

1. Based on my friends work, I did not agree with his work. Clearly, we can see that by
using algebra against itself, my friend have just proven that algebra to be unreliable,
because it can give us nonsensical results. This is because at the beginning of his
algebraic expression (Step 1), he stated that a = b, that means when I change the form to
this, a b = 0, and we cant divide by zero (a b). Another simple example to illustrate
this mathematical sophism is when 5(0)=3(0). But if you take out 0 then it does 5=3 ? Is
this right? Absolutely no.

II. Play the games and write your own observation and suggestions

Task 3 : Algebra with other mathematics components.

a)
Question 1
2
f(x) = - (x + 2) + 8

The function have maximum value as the value of a is -1.

Maximum value
x+2=0
x = - 2 and y = 8
Thus, the coordinate is (-2 ,8)
Question 2

dy
dx 3kx 5
When

dy
dx

0 3kx 5 0

x 3k
Based on the question, the maximum coordinate is (-2, 8)

3 k

2 k 6

SIMILARITY BETWEEN Q1 AND Q2

- Same Shape of Graph
- Same maximum point
2
- b 4ac < 0
- Same curve equation
Put all this information in Bubble Map

b) METHOD 1
2

y = -3x 12x + 7
Completing the square the above equation of curve
2
-3(x + 2) + 19
From the equation above, the value of x is
-2, Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2
METHOD 2
2

Differentiate y = -3x 12x + 7

dy
dx 6x
12

dy
dx 0

-6x 12 = 0
x = -2
Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2
METHOD 3
2

y = -3x 12x + 7
b
ym ax c 2
4a
a = -3. b = -12

(12)
7
m ax 4(3)

c=7

ym ax 19

Substitute y = 19
2

-3x 2 12x + 7 =
19 -3x
12x -12x
2
= 0 x + 4x + 4 = 0
(x + 2) (x + 2) =
0 x = -2
Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2

METHOD 4
2

By plotting graph of y = -3x 12x + 7

x
y

-5
-8

-4
7

-3
16

-2
19

-1
16

0
7

1
-8

22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
y

6
4
2
0
-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

Based on the graph, the value of x = -2

Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2

-1

-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

Task 4 : SPM Challenge

2

1. f(w) = 3w 13w + 12
a) Two Distinct Root
2

b 4ac > 0
2
(-13) 4(3)(12) = 25
2

3w 13w + 12 =
0 (w 3)(3w 4) =
0 w = 3, 3w 4 = 0
w = 4/3
Two roots, 3 and 4/3
b) Shape of the graph is minimum graph

c) Completing the square

3 w

3 w

3w

3w

13
12
3
13
13
w

3
13

6
13
6
13
6

169

36
169
12
25

13 2

12

12

12

12
13

Maximum point of the graph

d) When x = 0, y= 12

25
12

2. y = -(x k) -2 , (2, -3)

a) Substitute the coordinates
2
equation -3 = -(2 k) -2
2
k 4k + 3 =
0 (k 1)(k
3) k = 1 , k = 3

in

the

k is the maximum point of the graph. Based on the graph, the value of k should be
less than 2. Thus the value of k is 1
b) Equation of axis of symmetry
x=1
c) Coordinates
point (1, -2)

of

maximum

3. y = 3x + x 4
dy 6x 1
a)

dx
when x = 1
6(1) 1 7
2

b) y = 3x + x 4

3 x

3x
2

3 x

1
x 4
3
1 x 1

1 2
4
6

49
12

Minimum point,

1 , 49

12

4.
x
y

-5
9

-4
12

-3
13

-2
12

-1
9

0
4

1
-3

y
14

12
10
8
6
4
2

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

00
2

4
-

x
c) Based on the graph, the x-intercept is 0.6
2

5. f(x) = x -4kx + 5k +1

Min point (2k, r + 2k)

a) Based on the question, it is stated that the graph has minimum value with the value of a
is positive number, thus the shape of graph is

b) By completing the square the equation,

2
2
(x 2k) + k + 1
2

The minimum point is (2k , k + 1)

2

Based on the question the minimum point is (2k, r + 2k)

2

Thus,2 k + 1 = r2 +
2k k 2k + 1 = r
2
2
(k 1) = r

Hence, r = k 1
2

c) r 1 = 2k ------------- 1
r = k -1 -----------------2
Substitute 2 into 1 (k
2
1) 1 2k = 0
k2 2k + 1 1 2k = 0
2
k 4k = 0
k(k 4) = 0
k = 0, k =4

When k = 0,
r=01
r = -1
2

When k = 4
r=4-1
r=3

Based
on x = r
2
1 r 1 = 2k
by substituting each values of k and r, the correct value are k = 4, r = 3
2

6. f(x) = (x 3) + 3m 3
a) x = 3
b) 2m = 3m 3
3m 2m =
3m=3

Task 5 : Flash Floods

Part 1 :
a)

x
2
(x - 0.3)
y

0.00
0.09
0.00

0.05
0.06
-0.25

0.10
0.04
-0.45

0.15
0.02
-0.60

0.20
0.01
-0.71

0.25
0.00
-0.78

y
0.00
0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
-0.50
-0.60
-0.70
-0.80
-0.90

Based on the equation

Y = mX + c
2
y = k(x 0.3) + h
where k = m (gradient) and h = y- intercept

m x

m 0.09
m 8.88

0.8

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

Thus the value of k is 8.89 and h = -0.8

2

b) Based on the answer in (a), the equation of curve is y = 8.88(x 0.3) 0.8
x
y

-0.2
1.42

0
0.2
0.4
-0.0008 -0.7112 -0.7112

0.6
-0.0008

0.8
1.42

y
2

1.5

0.5

-0.3

-0.2
0.9

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

-0.5

-1

x
Based on the graph, the minimum value is (0.3, -0.8)
c) METHOD 1
Completing the square formula
y = a(x p) + q
Where Minimum point is (p, q)
2

Based on the equation obtained, y = 8.88(x 0.3)

0.8 Thus minimum value is -0.8

0.6

0.7

0.8

METHOD 2
2
Differentiate y = 8.89(x 0.3) 0.8
Expand the equation
2
y = 8.89(x 0.6x + 0.09)
2
0.8 y = 8.89x 5.33x

dy

dx 17.76x
dy
5.328 dx 0
17.76x 5.328 0

5.328

x 17.76

0.3
When x = 0.3
2
y = 8.89(0.3 )
5.33(0.3) y = -0.8
Thus minimum value is -0.8
METHOD 3
2
y = 8.89x 5.33x
ym in c

b2
4a

a = 8.89 b = -5.33
y

c=0

0.7998 (5.328)2
m in
4(8.88)

Thus minimum value is -0.8

METHOD 4
I have no idea what method else we can use to get ymin. Please comment if you
have idea.

Part 2 : Further Exploration

a) Possible minimum/maximum points
(0.6, 0.8) , (0.6, -0.8), (-0.6 , 0.8) , (-0.6, -0.8)
Quadratic function can be formed by substituting the min/maximum points into the
2
formula a(x + p) + q
2

1. y = (x + 0.6) + 0.8
2
y = x + 1.2x + 1.16
2

2. y = (x + 0.6) - 0.8
2
y = x + 1.2x 0.44
2

3. y = (x - 0.6) + 0.8
2
y = x -1.2x + 1.16

b) & c) Please do it on your own

GOOD LUCK