Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Baocao MTDC
Baocao MTDC
BO CO
MNG TC CAO
ti:
Tm hiu v SCADA
MSSV:
20121858
MC LC
I.
II.
H thng SCADA...................................................................................................4
1. Kt cu ca mt h SCADA..................................................................................4
2. Phn cng v phn mm ca h SCADA:............................................................7
3. Truyn thng trong h SCADA.............................................................................8
4.
III. V d ng dng........................................................................................................13
1. ng dng trong ng st...................................................................................13
2. ng dng trong cng tc iu h thng in Vit Nam...............................14
I.
1. nh ngha:
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) l h thng iu khin gim st v
thu thp d liu. iu khin y l iu khin mt cch gim st. SCADA khc vi cc
h thng iu khin DCS ch, cc h DCS l mt h thng iu khin phn tn trn
mng din rng v c ch iu khin c giao cho c cc phn t cp di, trong khi h
thng SCADA thin v gim st v thu thp d liu trn mng tp trung, mi thao tc ln
h u di s iu khin ca trung tm.
2. Chc nng v vai tr:
Mi h thng sn xut cng nghip thng c t chc theo nhiu cp qun l. Mi cp
c nhim v o lng, thu thp v iu khin gim st ring ln tng i tng c th ca
h thng. Chnh v th vic SCADA cho mt h thng sn xut cng nghip cng c
phn ra tng cp SCADA c th, tu vo quy m ca tng cp m c nhng yu cu c th
khc nhau song ni chung mi cp SCADA l phi thc hin nhng dch v sau:
Thu thp s liu t xa (qua ng truyn s liu) cc s liu v sn xut v t chc
vic lu tr trong nhiu loi c s s liu (s liu v lch s sn xut, v s kin
thao tc, v bo ng).
iu khin v gim st h sn xut trn c s cc d liu thu thp
c.
Thc hin cng tc truyn thng s liu trong v ra ngoi h (c/vit s liu
PLC/RTU, tr li cc bn tin yu cu t cp trn v s liu, v thao tc h).
Nhn chung SCADA l m s kt hp gia phn cng v phn mm theo m phng thc
truyn thng no t ng ho vic qun l gim st, iu khin cho mt i tng
cng nghip. V ta nhn thy rng xu th t ng ho l mt xu th khng th trnh khi
do vy vic p dng bi ton SCADA l mt vic lm tt yu nu chng ta khng mun tt
hu trong sn xut. Vai tr ca n l rt r dng, SCADA gip ta thu thp rt chnh xc v
h thng t c th a ra cc quyt nh ng n v h, ng thi ta cng d dng
trong cng tc iu khin v ra quyt nh. Vic lm ny s gim ng k vic chi ph v
vn nhn lc, v vn hnh iu ny gp phn ng k trong vic gim gi thnh sn
phm, tng sc cnh tranh.
II.
H thng SCADA
3
1. Kt cu ca mt h SCADA
H thng SCADA c s dng kim sot ti nguyn phn tn ti ni m d liu thu
thp c tp trung li c ngha quan trng trong iu khin. Nhng h thng ny c
s dng trong cc h thng phn phi nh phn phi nc v h thng thu gom nc thi,
ng ng dn du v kh t, h thng truyn ti in v phn phi in, v ng st v
h thng giao thng cng cng khc. H thng SCADA tch hp h thng thu thp d liu
vi h thng truyn dn d liu v phn mm HMI cung cp mt giao din gim st tp
trung v h thng iu khin cho nhiu qu trnh u vo v u ra. H thng SCADA
c thit k thu thp thng tin trng, chuyn giao n n mt c s my tnh trung
tm, v hin th cc thng tin cho cc nh iu hnh, do cho php cc nh iu hnh
gim st v kim sot ton b h thng t mt v tr trung tm trong thi gian thc. Da
vo thit lp ca h thng c nhn, kim sot ca bt k h thng c nhn no, hot ng,
hoc cng vic c th c t ng, hoc n c th c thc hin bi cc lnh iu hnh.
truyn thng ni tip c s dng vn chuyn thng tin gia cc trung tm kim sot
v khu vc hin trng s dng cc k thut t xa nh ng dy in thoi, cp, , v tn
s v tuyn.
MTU - RTU kin trc truyn thng khc nhau gia vic trin khai . Cc kin trc khc
nhau c s dng c th hin trong hnh 2. im im l chc nng n gin. Tuy
nhin , n l tn km v cn cc knh c nhn cn thit cho mi kt ni. Trong mt cu
hnh hng lot , s lng knh c s dng gim i; Tuy nhin , knh chia s c nh
hng n hiu qu v tnh phc tp ca hot ng SCADA . Tng t nh vy , m hnh
sao cu hnh s dng mt knh cho mi thit b nn kt qu l hiu sut gim v tng
phc tp h thng .
Ni mt cch n gin, h thng SCADA c ba phn: Cc PC phng iu khin trung
tm, cc RTU( remote terminal unit) hay PLC(programable logic controller) cc trm xa
v thit b thng tin kt ni hai phn trn vi nhau.
Kt cu phn mm ca phn PC phng iu khin trung tm c th hin trong bng
Hnh 2. Chng ta s thy cc chc nng ca cc PC ca h thng SCADA tng t nh
phn HMI ca h thng DCS: Hin th, iu khin t phng iu khin trung tm, thu thp
d liu, qun l cc s liu, qun l bo ng, bo co.
Cc h thng SCADA c chy trn mi trng DOS, VMS hay UNIX. Cc h thng mi
hn chy trn nn ca Windows, Linux.
SCADA Server
SCADA Client
6
PLC- RTU
Phn cng
7
iu khin.
b.
Phn mm
10
a.
Ngoi vic s dng cc my tnh cng nghip, cc Server, thit b mng phng theo
di trung tm. Mt b phn khng th thiu c trong h thng SCADA l h thng
truyn tin. N lin quan n tnh n nh v s chnh xc ca h thng. V vy, mt h
truyn tin c chntng mt h SCADA phi tho mn cc tiu chun nh: gii tc
truyn, giao thc truyn thng, truyn ng b hay d b, khong cch a l H thng
truyn tin c chn phi tng thch vi thit b trng v my ch Server. Mt s thit
b c th s dng c truyn d liu trong h SCADA nh sau: Modem RDT (Radio
Data Technology) ca Anh quc c cc loi truyn sng Radio, v tuyn; cc thit b thu
pht sng ca Motorola, cc b RTU, GPS. Tu theo m hnh, phm vi ca tng h
SCADA m ta p dng tng loi thit b trn s pht huy ht tnh nng tc dng ca n. H
thng SCADA cp quc gia v min dng cc RTU c thit k c bit cho ngnh in
(theo tiu chun IEEE v IEC, c kh nng chu c nhiu in t). Cc thit b RTU
thng minh vi cc trung tm iu qua th tc truyn tin IEC-870-5-101. Ngoi ra, vi
nhiu h SCADA dng PLC dng th tc truyn tin l Profibus.
11
My ch vi SCADA cp
trn
SCADA vi cc ng dng
khc
SCADA vi cc th vin
SCADA
Khng ng b kiu
singledrop
Bn tin qua b nh
c/vit th vin
vi cc h Qun l cc ca s
SCADA vi my in
Song song, ni tip
b.
Truyn tin s
c.
Truyn tin hin trng
RS-485
Ethernet
c.
V dch v SCADA:
Cung cp s giao tip v giao din d dng cho ngi s dng v vn hnh. D
dng cho ng dng hin th s v th trong gim st cng nh in bo co.
12
Gip thao tc iu khin
iu khin bng tay.
d.
III. V d ng dng
1. ng dng trong ng st
Hnh 6 cho thy mt v d v vic trin khai cho vic gim st v kim sot ng st . H
thng ny bao gm mt trung tm kim sot ng st , ni cha h thng SCADA v ba
phn ca mt h thng ng st . H thng SCADA thm d cc phn ng st v cc
thng tin nh tnh trng ca xe la, h thng tn hiu, h thng in , v my bn v t .
Thng tin ny cng c a vo vn hnh trong trung tm iu khin ng st . Cc h
thng SCADA cng theo di cc u vo iu hnh ti trung tm kim sot ng st v
phn tn cc lnh iu hnh cp cao n cc thnh phn ca 1 h thng ng st. Ngoi
ra, mn hnh h thng SCADA hin th iu kin tng phn ca h thng ng st v
ua ra cc lnh gii quyt da trn nhng iu kin ( V d , dng mt chuyn tu
khng i vo mt khu vc c xc nh l b ngp lt da vo vic gim st iu
kin) .
14
15