8

ENVIRONMENT AND
ECONOMIC COMPONENTS
email: sunidaar@hotmail.com

01101362

3
,

11
2


3
( .. 2545) .. 2533-2556
( : )

 GDP
4

(The Business Cycle)

(expansion)
(recession) (contraction)

Normal growth path

Expansion Contraction

Expansion

Trough

Peak

Trough

Peak

(Exogenous variables)

-
-
-

o
o
o (Consumer Price Index : CPI)

o
o
o
o


10

11

, ,
( )


12

1. , ,

2.

3.

, ,
4.
, , ,


13


13

18


(Poverty and Income inequality)
19

20

21

22

23

24


21


/
26

27

27

28


26

(Middle-income economy trap)

5
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.


27

(Broad-based growth paradigm)


28

32

33


31


32

(Human Development Index: HDI)

.. 1990 (.. 2533)
.. 1993 (.. 2536)


33

o
o ( )
(
)
o (Gross
Domestic Product - GDP)
(purchasing power parity - PPP)


34

HDI 0.938 0.140 181 0.722 92

HDI 0.846 27 4 11
() HDI 0.451 132.


35


37

o




o


38

1.




2

3.

4.


53
39


40


41


42


43

(Culture)


44


45


46


47


48

3


3

.. 2540


49

1.

2.

3.

4.


50

 ( Good Governance)
51


52

1.


2.

3.

4.

5.


55


56

(25 2554)
(...)
16-80
65.8

1.
2.
3.


57
(Inflation)

(Deflation)

1.

2.

1.


2.