B xy dng

Chng trnh bi dng k s

t vn gim st xy dng

Bi ging
Mn Hc

Gim st thi cng v nghim thu

lp t ng dy v Thit b
Trong cng trnh in
Ngi son :
PGs L KIu
Trng i hc Kin trc H ni

H ni, 5-2001
Chng I

Nhng vn chung
1. Trang b tin nghi trong cng trnh dn dng ngy cng
chim vai tr quan trng trong vic u t v xy dng cng
trnh.
1.1 S pht trin cng ngh v nhng ng dng cng ngh
phc v i sng con ngi.
Trc y chng hn mt th k , hu ht dn c nc ta u
thp n du , cha bit in l g . Ngay cch y hai mi nhm
nm c cu chuyn chng ta m c c tht ln Ngh Tnh ct trong
t lnh Nam H v ngy nay , tht ln ca chng ta tiu dng phi l
tht nc. Hu nh mi nh thnh ph u c TV. Vido dn dn
khng c chung na m phi dng u a compact ,VCD, DCD .
S pht trin cng ngh v ng dng cng ngh mi phc v con ngi lm cho kin trc s v k s xy dng phi c thi nghim
tc khi thit k v trang b nh v nh dn dng.
1.2 Ngi nh thng minh , phn nh su th thi i.
u nhng nm 1980 trn th gii bt u ni n khi nim
" ngi nh thng minh ". Nhiu nh l lun kin trc a ra nhng
nh ngha v " ngi nh thng minh " t ch cha tho ng n
ng dn . Lc u c ngi nu rng " ngi nh thng minh l ngi
nh m mi th u thu ht". Hi tho quc t v " ngi nh
thng minh " t chc vo hai ngy 28 v 29 thng Nm nm 1985
Toronto ( Canaa ) a ra khi nim " ngi nh thng minh kt hp s
i mi theo cng ngh vi s qun l kho lo khin cho thu hi
n ti a c vn u t b ra". Ngi nh khng ch l ni
ngh ngi sau gi lao ng ti sn xut sc lao ng m ngi
hin i phi lun lun tip cn c vi mi ngi , vi cng vic , vi
th gii vo bt k lc no v bt k v tr no trong ngi nh.
Ngi nh l s kt hp ti ho 4 nhn t c bn l : kt cu ti u , h thng ti u , dch v ti u , v qun l c ti u v quan h
cht ch gia cc nhn t ny. Ngi nh thng minh phi l ni h
tr c cho ch doanh nghip , nh qun l ti sn , nhng ngi s
dng nh thc hin c mc tiu ca h trong lnh vc chi ph , tin
nghi , thch hp , an ton , mm do lu di v c tnh cht th tr ng .
Ngi nh thng minh l ngi nh gn lin vi cng ngh hin
i. Yu t th hin s hin i l in t. Quan nim theo in
t v s vt th hin qua 4 nhm : (i) s dng nng lng hiu qu ,
(ii) h thng an ton cho con ngi , (iii) h thng lin lc vin thng
v (iv) t ng ho ni lm vic. C th ho trn 4 nhm ny thnh
2 l nhm ln l phng tin iu hnh ( nng lng v an ton ) v

h thng thng tin

( thng tin v t ng ho ni lm vic ). Ph ng tin iu hnh ni chung l vn kt cu vt cht v cch
iu hnh kt cu vt cht ra sao. H thng thng tin lin quan
n s iu khin c th bn trong ngi nh . Ngi Nht khi nhn
nhn v ngi nh thng minh cho rng c 5 vn chnh l : (i)
mng li khng gian ti ch , ( ii) s tng nh nng cao dn , (iii) phng ngang co li phng ng tng ln , (iv) h thng nghe nhn v
(v) th thng minh .
Tm li vn y l cuc sng cng ln cao, s phc v
con ngi bng nhng thnh qu cng ngh hin i cng c gn
b vi cng trnh. iu na l thi hin i , gi gic lao ng
khng ch b hp trong khun gi hnh chnh v hnh thi lao
ng kiu mi cng thay i v a im lao ng khng b gn
trong c quan m nh , ni i chi gii tr cng l ni lao ng
v nhng phng tin lin lc , phng tin ct cha thng tin khng
hn ch ch trong c quan.
2. Vai tr ca ngi k s t vn gim st xy dng trong vic
lp t trang thit b tin nghi s dng cng trnh.
2.1 Nhim v ca gim st bo m cht lng ni chung :
T vn gim st xy dng c ch u t giao cho , thng qua
hp ng kinh t , thay mt ch u t chu trch nhim v cht lng cng trnh. Nhim v ca gim st thi cng ca ch u t :
(1) V cng tc gim st thi cng phi chp hnh cc qui nh
ca thit k cng trnh c cp c thm quyn ph duyt , cc
tiu chun k thut , cc cam kt v cht lng theo hp ng giao
nhn thu. Nu cc c quan t vn v thit k lm tt khu h s
mi thu th cc iu kin k thut trong b h s mi thu l c
s gim st k thut.
(2) Trong giai on chun b thi cng : cn b t vn gim st
phi kim tra vt t , vt liu em v cng trng . Mi vt t , vt liu
khng ng tnh nng s dng , phi a khi phm vi cng trng
m khng c php lu gi trn cng trng . Nhng thit b khng
ph hp vi cng ngh v cha qua kim nh khng c a vo s
dng hay lp t. Khi thy cn thit , c th yu cu ly mu kim
tra li cht lng vt liu , cu kin v ch phm xy dng .
(3) Trong giai on xy lp : theo di , gim st thng xuyn
cng tc thi cng xy lp v lp t thit b . Kim tra h thng
m bo cht lng , k hoch cht lng ca nh thu nhm m bo
vic thi cng xy lp theo ng h s thit k c duyt.
Kim tra bin php thi cng , tin thi cng , bin php an
ton lao ng m nh thu xut . Kim tra xc nhn khi lng
hon thnh , cht lng cng tc t c v tin thc hin cc
cng tc . Lp bo co tnh hnh cht lng v tin phc v giao

ban thng k ca ch u t . Phi hp cc bn thi cng v cc bn lin

quan gii quyt nhng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng . Thc
hin nghim thu cc cng tc xy lp . Lp bin bn nghim thu
theo bng biu qui nh .
Nhng hng mc , b phn cng trnh m khi thi cng c
nhng du hiu cht lng khng ph hp vi yu cu k thut nh
trong tiu ch cht lng ca b h s mi thu hoc nhng tiu ch
mi pht sinh ngoi d kin nh ln qu qui nh , trc khi nghim
thu phi lp vn bn nh gi tng th v s c xut ca n
v thit k v ca cc c quan chuyn mn c php .
(4) Giai on hon thnh xy dng cng trnh : T chc gim
st ca ch u t phi kim tra , tp hp ton b h s php l v ti
liu v qun l cht lng . Lp danh mc h s , ti liu hon thnh
cng trnh xy dng. Khi kim tra thy cng trnh hon thnh
m bo cht lng , ph hp vi yu cu ca thit k v tiu chun v
nghim thu cng trnh , ch u t t chc tng nghim thu lp
thnh bin bn . Bin bn tng nghim thu l c s php l lm
bn giao a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng v l c s quyt
ton cng trnh.
2.2 Nhim v ca gim st bo m cht lng trong cng tc
lp t trang b tin nghi v an ton :
(i) Quan h gia cc bn trong cng trng : Gim st bo
m cht lng trong cng tc lp t trang b tin nghi v an ton
cho cng trnh nm trong nhim v chung ca gim st bo m
cht lng cng trnh l nhim v ca bn ch u t. Di s ch o
trc tip ca ch nhim d n i din cho ch u t c cc cn b
gim st bo m cht lng cng trnh . Nhng ngi ny l cn b
ca Cng ty T vn v Thit k k hp ng vi ch u t , gip ch
u t thc hin nhim v ny. Thng thng ch c ngi chu trch
nhim m bo cht lng xy lp ni chung , cn khi cn n
chuyn mn no th Cng ty t vn iu ng ngi c chuyn mn
theo ngnh hp n tham gia h tr cho ngi chu trch nhim
chung .
S t chc v quan h in hnh mt cng trng

Ch u
Nh thu
Thu ph
Hoc Nh
my

Gim st cht lng

vhuy
Ch
Phng
ban
k thut
Cng trng

*Ch nhim d
n
*T vn m
bo cht lng
*Cc t vn
chuyn mn
*Kim sot khi
lng

i
thi cng

i
thi cng

*******

i
thi cng

(ii) Phi hp tin l nhim v trc ht ca ch nhim d

n m ngi xut chnh l gim st bo m cht lng . Trc khi
bt u tin hnh cc cng tc xy lp cn lp tng tin .
Tng tin ch cn vch ra nhng vic thuc bn thi cng no
vo thi im no m mc chi tit c th tnh theo tng nh .
Tng tin cho bit vo thi gian no cng tc no phi bt u
cc thnh vin tham gia xy dng ton b cng trnh bit v
phi hp . T tng tin m cc thnh vin tham gia xy lp v
cung ng lp ra bng tin thi cng cho n v mnh trong
ht sc ch n s phi hp ng b to din thi cng cho n
v bn .
(iii) Ch tr thng qua bin php thi cng v bin php
m bo cht lng.
Trc khi khi cng , Ch nhim d n v t vn m bo cht lng cn thng qua bin php xy dng tng th ca cng trnh
nh phng php o t ni chung , phng php xy dng phn
thn ni chung , gii php chung v vn chuyn theo phng ng ,
gii php an ton lao ng chung , cc yu cu phi hp v iu
kin phi hp chung . Nu n v thi cng thc hin cng tc theo
ISO 9000 th cn b t vn s gip Ch nhim d n tham gia xt
duyt chnh sch m bo cht lng ca Nh thu v duyt s tay
cht lng ca Nh thu v ca cc n v thi cng cp i .
(iv) Ch tr kim tra cht lng , xem xt cc cng vic xy
lp lm tng ngy . Trc khi thi cng bt k cng tc no , nh thu

cn thng bo t vn m bo cht lng kim tra vic chun b .

Qu trnh thi cng phi c s chng kin ca t vn m bo cht lng . Khi thi cng xong cn tin hnh nghim thu cht lng v s lng
cng tc xy lp hon thnh.
3. Phng php kim tra cht lng trn cng trng :
Thc cht th ngi t vn kim tra cht lng l ngi thay mt
ch u t chp nhn hay khng chp nhn sn phm xy lp thc
hin trn cng trng m kim tra cht lng l mt bin php gip cho
s khng nh chp nhn hay t chi .
Mt quan im ht sc cn lu tm trong kinh t th trng l :
ngi c tin b ra mua sn phm phi mua c chnh phm , c
sn phm p ng yu cu ca mnh. Do tnh cht ca cng tc
xy dng kh khn , phc tp nn ch u t phi thu t vn m
bo cht lng.
C s nhn bit v kim tra cht lng sn phm l s p
ng cc Yu cu cht lng ghi trong b H s mi thu . Hin nay
chng ta vit cc yu cu cht lng trong b H s mi thu cn
chung chung v cc c quan t vn cha quen vi cch lm mi ny ca
kinh t th trng .
Nhng phng php ch yu ca kim tra cht lng trn cng trng l
:
3.1 Ngi cung ng hng ho l ngi phi chu trch nhim v
cht lng sn phm trc ht .
y l iu kin c ghi trong hp ng kinh t gia ch
u t v nh thu . T iu ny m mi hng ho cung ng a vo
cng trnh phi c cc ch tiu cht lng p ng vi yu cu ca
cng tc. Trc khi a vt t , thit b vo to nn sn phm xy dng
nh thu phi a mu v cc ch tiu cho Ch nhim d n duyt
v mu cng nh cc ch tiu phi lu tr ti ni lm vic ca Ch
u t cng trng. Ch tiu k thut (tnh nng ) cn c in thnh
vn bn nh l chng ch xut xng ca nh cung ng v thng yu
cu l bn in chnh thc ca nh cung ng . Khi dng bn sao th
i din nh cung ng phi k xc nhn v c du ng xc nhn
mu v c s chp thun ca Ch u t bng vn bn. Mi s
thay i trong qu trnh thi cng cn c Ch u t duyt li trn
c s xem xt ca t vn bo m cht lng nghin cu xut
ng . Nh cung ng v nh thu phi chu trch nhim trc php
lut v s tng thch ca hng ho m mnh cung cp vi cc ch
tiu yu cu v phi chu trch nhim trc php lut v cht lng v
s ph hp ca sn phm ny.
Cn b t vn m bo cht lng l ngi c trch nhim duy
nht gip Ch nhim d n kt lun rng sn phm do nh thu

cung ng l ph hp vi cc ch tiu cht lng ca cng trnh . Cn b

t vn gim st bo m cht lng c Ch u t u nhim cho
nhim v m bo cht lng cng trnh v thay mt Ch u t
trong vic xut chp nhn ny .
3.2 Kim tra ca t vn k thut ch yu bng mt v dng
c n gin c ngay ti hin trng :
Mt phng php lun hin i l mi cng tc c tin hnh
th ng vi n c mt ( hay nhiu ) phng php kim tra tng ng.
Nh thu tin hnh thc hin mt cng tc th yu cu gii trnh
ng thi l dng phng php no bit c ch tiu cht lng
t bao nhiu v dng dng c hay phng tin g cho bit ch tiu
y . Bin php thi cng cng nh bin php kim tra cht lng y c
t vn trnh Ch nhim d n duyt trc khi thi cng . Qu trnh thi
cng , k s ca nh thu phi kim tra cht lng ca sn phm m
cng nhn lm ra . Vy trn cng trng phi c cc dng c kim tra
bit cc ch tiu thc hin. Th d : ngi cung cp b tng thng phm phi chu trch nhim kim tra cng chu nn mu
khi mu t 7 ngy tui . Nu kt qu bnh thng th nh thu
kim tra nn mu 28 ngy . Nu kt qu ca 7 ngy c nghi vn
th nh thu phi th cng nn 14 ngy v 28 ngy xc
nh cht lng b tng . Nu ba loi mu 7 , 14 , 28 c kt qu gy
ra nghi vn th t vn kim tra yu cu lm cc th nghim b sung
khng nh cht lng cui cng. Khi thi cng cc nhi, nht thit
ti ni lm vic phi c t trng k bit dung trng ca
bentonite , phi c phu March v ng h bm giy kim tra
nht ca dung dch khoan , phi c ng nghim o tc
phn tch nc ca dung dch . . .
Ni chung th t vn m bo cht lng phi chng kin qu
trnh thi cng v qu trnh kim tra ca ngi thi cng v nhn
nh qua hiu bit ca mnh thng qua quan st bng mt vi sn
phm lm ra . Khi no qui trnh bt buc hay c nghi ng th t vn
yu cu nh thu thu phng th nghim kim tra v phng th
nghim c ngha v bo s liu t c qua kim tra cho t vn
t vn kt lun vic t hay khng t yu cu cht lng. trnh
tranh chp , t vn khng nn trc tip kim tra m ch nn chng
kin s kim tra ca nh thu v tip nhn s liu quyt nh
chp nhn hay khng chp nhn cht lng sn phm . Khi c nghi ng
, t vn s ch nh ngi kim tra v nh thu phi thc hin yu
cu ny .
3.3 Kim tra bng dng c ti ch :
Trong qu trnh thi cng , cn b , k s ca nh thu phi thng xuyn kim tra cht lng sn phm ca cng nhn lm ra sau

mi cng on hay gia cng on khi thy cn thit . Nhng ln

kim tra ny cn c s chng kin ca t vn m bo cht lng. Mi
vic kim tra v thi cng khng c s bo trc v yu cu t vn m
bo cht lng chng kin , ngi t vn c quyn t chi vic thanh
ton khi lng hon thnh ny . Kim tra kch thc cng trnh thng dng cc loi thc nh thc tm , thc cun 5 mt v thc cun di
hn . Kim tra cao , thng ng thng s dng my o c
nh my thu bnh , my kinh v .
Ngoi ra , trn cng trng cn nn c sng bt ny kim tra s
b cng b tng . Nhng dng c nh qu di chun , di laze ,
ng nghim , t trng k , cn tiu ly , l xy , vin bi thp , . . .
cn c trang b . Ni chung trn cng trng phi c y cc
dng c kim tra cc vic thng thng .
Nhng dng c kim tra trn cng trng phi c kim chun
theo ng nh k . Vic kim chun nh k l cch lm tin tin
trnh nhng sai s v nghi ng xy ra qua qu trnh nh gi
cht lng.
Trong vic kim tra th ni b nh thu kim tra l chnh v
t vn bo m cht lng ch chng kin nhng php kim tra ca
nh thu . Khi no nghi ng kt qu kim tra th nh thu c quyn
yu cu nh thu thu n v kim tra khc . Khi tht cn thit , t
vn bo m cht lng c quyn ch nh n v kim tra v nh
thu phi p ng yu cu ny .
3.4 Kim tra nh cc phng th nghim :
Vic thu cc phng th nghim tin hnh kim tra mt s
ch tiu nh gi cht lng trn cng trng c thc hin theo qui
nh ca tiu chun k thut v khi ti cng trng c s khng nht
tr v s nh gi ch tiu cht lng m bn thn nh thu tin
hnh .
Ni chung vic la chn n v th nghim , nh thu ch
cn m bo rng n v th nghim y c t cch php nhn
tin hnh th cc ch tiu c th c ch nh. Cn khi nghi ng
hay cn m bo tin cy cn thit th t vn m bo cht lng
dnh quyn ch nh n v th nghim .
Nh thu l bn t ra cc yu cu th nghim v nhng yu
cu ny phi c Ch nhim d n da vo tham mu ca t vn m
bo cht lng kim tra v ngh thng qua bng vn bn . n v
th nghim phi m bo tnh b mt ca cc s liu th nghim
v ngi cng b chp nhn hay khng chp nhn cht lng sn phm
lm ra phi l ch nhim d n qua tham mu ca t vn m bo
cht lng .
Cn lu v t cch php nhn ca n v th nghim v tnh
hp php ca cng c th nghim . trnh s cung cp s liu sai
lch do dng c th nghim cha c kim chun , yu cu mi cng

c th nghim s dng phi nm trong phm vi cho php ca vn

bn xc nhn kim chun .
n v th nghim ch c nhim v cung cp s liu ca cc
ch tiu c yu cu kim nh cn vic nhng ch tiu y c t
yu cu hay c ph hp vi cht lng sn phm yu cu phi do t vn
m bo cht lng pht biu v ghi thnh vn bn trong t nghim
thu khi lng v cht lng hon thnh.
3.5 Kt lun v lp h s cht lng
(i) Nhim v ca t vn m bo cht lng l phi kt lun tng
cng tc , tng kt cu , tng b phn hon thnh c thc hin l
c cht lng ph hp vi yu cu hay cha ph hp vi yu cu .
nh km vi vn bn kt lun cui cng v cht lng sn phm
cho tng kt cu , tng tng nh , tng hng mc l cc vn bn xc
nhn tng chi tit , tng vt liu cu thnh sn phm v h s kim
tra cht lng cc qu trnh thi cng. Lu nay cc vn bn xc nhn
cht lng vt liu , cht lng thi cng ghi rt chung chung . Cn lu
rng mi bn xc nhn phi c a ch kt cu s dng , khng th
ghi cht lng m bo chung chung.
Tt c nhng h s ny ng thnh tp theo trnh t thi
cng khi tra cu thun tin.
(ii) i i vi cc vn bn nghim thu , vn bn chp nhn cht
lng kt cu l nht k thi cng . Nht k thi cng ghi chp nhng d
kin c bn xy ra trong tng ngy nh thi tit , din bin cng tc
tng v tr, nhn xt qua s chng kin cng tc v tnh hnh
cht lng cng trnh.
kin ca nhng ngi lin quan n cng tc thi cng khi h
chng kin vic thi cng , nhng kin ngh , xut qua qu
trnh thi cng v kin gii quyt ca t vn m bo cht lng v
kin ca gim st ca nh thu . . .
(iii) Bn v hon cng cho tng kt cu v b phn cng trnh
c lp theo ng qui nh.
Tt c nhng h s ny dng lm c s cho vic thanh ton
khi lng hon thnh v c s lp bin bn tng nghim thu ,
bn giao cng trnh cho s dng.

Chng II
Nhng vn chung
cho cng tc t vn bo m cht lng
cng trnh in
2.1. Ni dung cng tc cn gim st trong cng tc xy lp
in :
Cc cng vic cn c t chc gim st trong qu trnh xy
lp in bao gm :
* Cc thit b phn phi v trm bin p trong nh , ngoi tri
in p n 220 KV.
* Cc b chnh lu
* Cc my in , thit b khi ng , iu chnh v bo v
* Thit b in ca my trc
* Cc h thng thanh ci
* Cc thit tr in phn
* Cc thit b chiu sng
* ng dy in 1 chiu v xoay chiu in p n 1000V
* ng cp in lc n 35 KV

* ng dy dn in trn khng.
Bi ging ny i vo chuyn mn kh su nn phi nghin cu
tht t m qua qu trnh kim tra.
2.2 . Cc cn c v php l khi kim tra cht lng cng tc xy
lp in:
* Cc yu cu cht lng k thut nh thu phi p ng trong B
H s mi thu.
* Nu ch no cha ghi trong b h s mi thu c th cn c
vo nhng ch dn trong ti liu ny yu cu nh thu phi p
ng.
* Cc tiu chun xy dng hin hnh lin quan n cc cng tc
c ghi trong hp ng giao nhn thu xy lp in m t vn m
bo cht lng c nhim v phi thc hin kim tra .
* Cc tiu chun v An ton lao ng , phng chng chy , n ,
bo v mi trng , nhng qui nh trong Qui chun Xy dng Vit
nam .
* Cc yu cu k thut ghi trong cc bn v thit k c
thm nh v c cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
* Cc ch dn ca nh ch to thit b , nh cung ng vt t ghi
thnh vn bn trong catalogue in chnh thc.
Khi s dng thit b ngoi nhp c c tnh k thut ca thit
b c iu g khng thng nht vi ch dn ti liu ny , phi cn
c vo catalogue ca nh ch to , lp phng n kim tra v thng
qua t vn m bo cht lng trnh Ch nhim d n duyt . Th d
nh khe h trong cc trc , khng ng u ca cc khe h
khng kh trong cc my in , cc tr s lc nn ca cc tip im
v.v. . .
Trc khi khi cng cc cng tc xy lp in phi kim tra :
* Cc ti liu k thut , h s thit k , d ton . Thit k , d ton
c kim nh cha ? C quan kim nh c khng ngh iu g
khng v bn thit k sa cha nhng ch khng ngh cha ? Nu
c nhng iu khng tho thun c gia c quan kim nh v c
quan thit k , cn b t vn m bo cht lng cn xin kin ca ch
nhim d n v gip ch u t t chc nhng cuc hp cn thit
t vn cho ch u t quyt nh cui cng .
* Nh thu trnh bn v cng ngh lp rp , c h s gii trnh
bin php thi cng cha v cn b t vn m bo cht lng xem xt
v t vn cho ch nhim d n duyt cha . Nu bin php thi cng cha
c ch nhim d n ph duyt th cha c khi cng cng tc .
* i vi cc loi cng vic nh : Lp t cc chnh lu thu ngn , cc
bnh acquy , cng tc hn . cng tc neo buc , chng buc , cng tc
xy lp c s dng ba hi , ba sng hoc cc dng c lp t
khc , cc cng tc o kim bng my trc c , nhng cn b , cng

nhn thc hin cng tc u phi qua lp hun luyn v c cp

chng ch , vn bng hp php . Trc khi thi cng , nh thu mt ln
na phi ph bin qui trnh thao tc , trnh t thao tc , cc yu cu
k thut , cc ch dn ca qui phm , ca bn thit k v ca cc tiu
chun lin quan . Mi vic hun luyn phi c s chng kin ca t vn
m bo cht lng chng kin .
* Trc khi thi cng cn c bn qui ch an ton lao ng c nh thu
son tho cho cng tc phi tin hnh v qui ch ny phi c ph
bin n tng cng nhn v c s xc nhn ca chnh tng ngi
cng nhn.
* Nu nh thu thc hin vic xy lp in theo phng thc cng
nghip ho , s dng cc thit b in hp khi thnh tng cm th
cn kim tra k v c bin bn xc nhn cht lng ca tng cm . Khi
giao n cng trng phi c xc nhn cht lng v h s y ca
cm hp khi . Khi tun theo phng php ny th ngay bn v
cng phi tch thnh tng cm v chuyn giao cng vi hin vt c kim tra cht lng .
* Nhng cng tc xy dng cn hon thnh trc khi lp t thit
b . Phi kim tra v lp bin bn nghim thu , chng nhn phn xy
lin quan m bo cht lng mi c lp thit b .
* Khi xy dng kiu lp ghp th trong kt cu lp ghp phi
chun b trc cc khe rnh , hc bt cc hp u dy v rnh ,
khe t dy ph hp vi thit k .
* Trong vic lp t dy dn in thnh b , thnh cm , cn kim
tra v s lng si , tit din tng loi si , s thng mch ca tng si .
Qu trnh la chn dy, cn ch la chn mu sc v dy khi
ni d dng kim tra s thng mch cho tng dy ni nhiu on .
* Nhng thit b o m lp trong mng in cn c kim tra ,
kim nh v hiu chnh trc khi a vo lp t .
* Cc cc cng nh ph kin ni t nn ch sn ti xng v n hin
trng ch thc hin khu lin kt .
2.3 Cng tc chun b thi cng cng tc xy lp in :
2.3.1 Kim tra h s v ti liu :
* Thit k phi ph hp vi qui nh hin hnh v lp thit k v d
ton cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip . Bn v thi cng phi
trnh ch u t ph duyt . Thit k phi c c quan thit k khc
thm nh . Phi s l xong cc kin ngh ca c quan thm nh .
* H s k thut bn ch d n phi giao cho nh thu phi bao gm :
# L lch , h chiu thit b phi lp v cc ng h thuc
thit b trn b .
# Bn v lp rp cc thit b in v thit b trn b , cc s
nguyn l v s lp.

# Ton b cc bn lit k gi km theo hng.

# S nh du nhng cm v chi tit c chuyn n
theo hnh thc tho ri.
# Ch dn ca nh ch to thit b trong ghi r cch lp
t v khi ng cc thit b .
# Cc bin bn th nghim xut xng ca nh ch to , nht l
v lp rp , kim tra cn bng , chy r trn th nghim v bin bn
kim nhn ca bn ch u t vi nh cung cp. Nu nh thu c
giao c phn mua sm th l bin bn m nh thu nghim thu
vi bn bn thiet b , c s chng kin ca ch u t .
# Kim tra vic ghi cc dung sai thc t v dung sai ch to t
c khi nh ch to lp rp kim tra v th nghim trn bn th .
# Ti liu bng ting nc ngoi phi c dch ra ting Vit .
Bn dch ny phi c c quan chuyn mn thm nh chnh xc
v thut ng v ni dung .
2.3.2 V cc yu cu i vi s cung ng thit b :
* Thit b in c kch thc ph thng c th c giao hng di hnh
thc lp hon chnh cn thit b c kch thc ln phi giao hng di hnh thc tho ri thnh nhiu khi . Kch c cc khi ri c nu
trong B H s mi thu vi iu kin khi lp rp hp khi khng i
hi phi tin hnh cc ng tc tu chnh khc .
* Mi thit b in phi km theo s liu chy th , th nghim ca
nh ch to .
* Thit b giao nhn phi trong tnh trng bao gi cn thn , c thng
cha chc chn , chng m , bao nh cha trong thng ln phi bc
nylon v ming c hn kn , khng c du hiu b m trc khi n
cng trng .
* Nhn mc hng ho phi y , bn ngoi bao b cn nguyn tiu
, s nh du , Logo v bng ghi ca nh sn xut , ngi giao
hng phi cn nguyn . Cc du hiu chng ma , ch nh du v tr
mc cp phi cn nguyn v thng hng khng c lt ngc vi chiu
t bt buc v phi c che ma, nng . Cc gi ti liu i theo
hng phi c bao ring v cn ang trong tnh trng tt , khng c
biu hin b tho m v b tro phn cha bn trong.
2.3.3 Kim tra trong qu trnh tip nhn thit b in
*
Trnh t tip nhn thit b , iu kin tip nhn v phng php
bo qun cc thit b in , cc ph kin v cp v vt t cn cha
ct trong kho , phi theo ch dn ca nh ch to .
Lu rng thit b in c th chia ra thnh 4 nhm vi nhng
mc yu cu bo qun khc nhau .

Nhm 1: Thit b khng i hi phi che ma nng , c php

ngoi tri nhng phi t trn gi k , b k. Nhng nu tht tt, nn c
nhng tm tn di ng ph chng ma nng.
Nhm 2 : Thit b chu c s thay i nhit nhng phi chng
ma , chng nng trnh cc tc ng trc tip ca bc x mt tri .
Nhm 3 : Thit b i hi chng ma nng v chng m , t chu nh
hng ca nhit nhng i hi ct gi bo qun trong kho kn , ch
yu chng va p c hc v mt mt .
Nhm 4 : Cc ng h , trang b v c cu quan trng khng chu c tc ng ca nhit , bc x , ma nng nn bo qun trong kho
kn v c trang b xy kh chng cc tc ng ca hi nc .
Trc khi ct cha thit b vo kho , cht bi , cn kim tra h
, rnh thot nc , h ca , chc chn ca mi , v h thng gi ,
h thng xy hay ht m , thm ch h iu ho kh hu nu c yu
cu .
Cn b t vn m bo cht lng cn chng kin qu trnh giao
nhn thit b in , nhc nh th tc v chng kin cc qu trnh
kim tra v ch m bo :
* S ng b ca thit b in :
* M hiu ca cc thit b phi ph hp vi phiu giao hng ca
nh ch to , bn k i lin vi hm hng ho , thit b , v nht l
c im v iu kin k thut khi giao hng.
* Tnh trng ca thit b , hng ho : mi , nguyn vn
khng gy , khng h hng , tnh trng khuyt tt , tnh trng nc sn
bn ngoi , bao ph ca du , m chng g .
* Cht lng tng cm chi tit nhn mt ngoi v phi xem xt
k bng mt thng hoc i khi dng knh lp kim tra .
Qua kim tra , nu thy sai st hoc khng ng vi h s giao
th khiu ni vi bn giao hng iu chnh cho ng s cam
kt trong hp ng v ph lc hp ng mua bn v giao nhn thu
mua sm thit b . Khi kim tra xong li phi bao gi cn thn v
nim phong , c s chng kin ca cc bn .
Thit b in ct cha trong kho phi c sp xp theo khoa
hc , d tm , d kim tra v d giao nhn khi ly ra lp t . Cn
c bng k , bng hiu ti v tr tng mn hng nhm d theo
di . Thit b nng cn ghi thm trng lng tin iu ng phng tin nng ct , di chuyn . Kho ngoi tri cng c bng treo tn
vt liu , chi tit .
Mi thit b ngoi tri u phi c b , gi k . Khng c trc tip ln t . Nu thy c hin tng t ng nc cn khi
thot nc ti ni ct cha thit b ngoi tri . Cch sp xp sao cho

chi tit v b phn thit b khng b cong vnh hoc vt nng ln

lm bin dng. Cc im k phi chc chn , khng bp bnh hay c
su hng nho gy nguy him cho bn thn thit b v ngi i li
kim tra , bo qun.
Thit b , chi tit ct cha trong nh phi c bo qun sch s ,
kh ro v thng thong gi . Ht sc trnh bi ph tng tng , lp
lp . Nhng c trc , st thp khng sn l u phi bi m bo
qun hoc bi vadlin cng nghip . Bi ph bo v bng loi m hay
vadlin no phi theo ch dn ca catalogue , tuyt i khng bi
ph tu tin . Nu catalogue khng c ch nh c bit , phi tra
trong s tay s dng du , m m quyt nh bi ph loi du m no.
Quyt nh loi du , m bi ph phi do k s chu trch nhim ca
kho bi ct cha ra lnh bng vn bn .
Nhng chi tit ca my in c giao di hnh thc tho ri nh
li thp t , cun dy , c trc , c gp hay vnh chi than , bc
trc phi c cch bo qun ring , khng han g , h hng do
va chm . My mc m nh ch to hoc nh cung ng gi n di
dng lp rp trn b , tuyt i khng tho ri trong qu trnh bo
qun , ct cha . Khi nghi ng c s h hng bn trong hay chi tit trong
khi lp rp tng th thnh cm th nh du bng vn bn gn
km lu kim tra trong qu trnh lp rp . Vn bn ny c s
chng kin ca bn giao hng v t vn m bo cht lng.
Khi tht cn thit phi tho my kim tra th phi lp bin
bn c s chng kin ca bn giao hng , nh thu v t vn m bo
cht lng sau khi ch nhim d n cho php , phi theo ng ch dn
ca nh ch to , v nht thit phi lp vn bn .
Chnh lu thu ngn v cc chi tit phi c bo qun trong nh
. Ch ct cha phi kh ro , thng thong . Qu trnh vn chuyn ,
chuyn dch v tr ca nhng chnh lu thu ngn v cc b phn
trao i nhit phi ht sc cn thn.. Phi gi nguyn bao gi . Ch
c tho bao gi khi tin hnh lp t . Chnh lu Gcmani v Silic
phi bo qun trong phng c thng gi cng bc v phi t trong
mi trng m do sy , si .
My bin p vn chuyn a n hin trng phi tun theo "
Qui trnh vn chuyn v lp t my bin p " hoc theo ch dn
ca nh ch to . Cch in c du phi tho khi bao gi v t
ng trn cc gi chuyn dng v bo qun ti ni kh ro . H
thng dn lm mt phi ct cha ti nh c mi che , cc l v mt
bch phi nt kn trnh han g , ng phng n cng cn bt kn
trong qu trnh bo qun . Nt trn bnh dn n phi kn v c vn
cht . Trc khi lp t my bin p , nhng chi tit h hng phi c
thay th hoc sa cha , x l cho tht tt mi c lp t.

Cc loi thit b loi trong nh phi c bo qun ni kh ro ,

khng c hi m v bi . Cc loi ng h v thit b tng t cng
cn c bo v ht sc cn thn v phi c sy . Cc t phn phi v
bng in phi ph hp vi cc thit b lp trong nhng t .
Cc t in tnh v t in giy tm du phi bo qun trong
nh kh ro , nhit khng qu +35oC . Khng c bo qun t
in trong cc gian bung cha chu chn ng nh gn cc my mc
ang chy . Bo qun t in trong nh c sy phi trnh vic
chng gn ngun pht nhit v khng cho nh sng , d l nh
sng n ri vo t in trc tip . Cc t in t ng , s cch
in phi quay ln trn v khng c xp chng ci n ln ci kia .
Cc bn cc ca acquy ch phi bo qun trong bao gi , t
trong nh kh ro . Cc acquy kim phi bo qun trong nh kh ro
v thng gi tt , khng nn trong nh c s thay i nhit
qu nhiu trong thi gian ca mt ngy m. Cm acquy ch
chung vi acquy kim .
Qu trnh chuyn dch hng in nu thy m bo qun b
kh , b mt mt phi b sung hoc thay lp m mi .
Khi cn ct cha kh lu , phi nh k kim tra xem xt , bi
li m bo qun . Nu khng c ch nh ca nh ch to th ti a
9 thng phi kim tra mt ln . Khi kim tra , khng bi v m
lm nh hng cht lng hng ang bo qun . Nu thy trn mt bao
b hoc trn mt thit b b m , c ng sng th phi kim tra
bt thng .
Cn ht sc ch khu th tc kim tra . Khng th kho
kim tra t tin m phi c nhm kim tra y cc bn hu quan
v lp h s , bin bn cn thn ca tng ln kim tra . Khi hng ho
giao khng trn b v h hng pht hin c , bn giao hng cn s l
nghim tc theo ng trch nhim ca mnh .
Cc rul cun dy cp phi bo qun cn thn chng b va
p , u cp phi hn kn . Khi cn bo qun rul trn 1 nm , cc
rul ang cun cp phi bo qun trong nh c mi che . Phi gi cho
vn g bc cc rul cp nguyn vn . Mt rul phi ghi m hiu , qui
cch . Khng cho rul mt kh nng quay .
Cc kt cu kim loi ca ct dy in i trn khng kh ,
ct thp , ct b tng phi phn loi v sp xp thnh khu ring , k
trn gi , trnh m t .
Ct g v ct b tng khng xp ng cao trn 2 mt , phi c
thanh chng kp gi nhng chng ct , ct chng cch nhau xa nht
l 3 mt. Gia cc ng phi c khe i li kim tra cht lng

trong qu trnh bo qun . Gi k , nu ct ngn hn 22 mt , k hai

m , ct di trn 22 mt s c 3 gi . V tr tnh sao cho khng
gy mmen qu ln lm nt ct .
Mi chi tit khng m bo cht lng phi a ra khi cng trng
trnh cp pht cho lp t b nhm ln .
Dy in cn bo qun trong nh v phn loi theo ng
knh dy , chng loi dy v c bin hiu , ghi r cht lng .
Vi nhng vt liu xy dng khc nh xi mng , vi th bo qun
theo cc qui nh ca vt liu xy dng . Vt liu n nh thuc n ,
n dng cho sng thi cng th bo qun theo cch bo qun vt liu
n .
2.3.4 Cc yu cu ca cng trnh xy dng lp t thit
b in :
Trc khi bt u lp t thit b in trn cc cng trnh
xy dng phi tin hnh cc cng tc chun b trn tng mt bng
nh sau:
(i) Lm ng thi cng m bo vn chuyn thit b in ( k c
thit b qu kh ).
(ii) Xy dng xong cc cng trnh , ln tri cn thit cho vic lp
in .
(iii) t h thng in nc , kh nn c nh hay tm thi cn thit
cho vic lp in k c thit b dng u ni vi my mc thi
cng .
(iv) t in chiu sng cho cc khu vc c cc hng mc cng trnh
phi lp t in.
(v) Lm ng cho xe cha chy , t ng nc cha chy v t
cc phng tin phng chng chy cn thit .
(vi) Lm thang v dn gio nhng ch my trc khng hot ng c
.
(vii) m bo trang b bo h cho cng nhn , m bo nc ung cho
cng nhn.
V trnh t xy dng , cn b t vn m bo cht lng cn
xut vi ch nhim d n , yu cu cc cng trnh cung cp in nh

trm bin p , hm cp v cc my trc phi thi cng trc khi lm cc

cng trnh khc.
Nhng cng trnh phc v cho vic lp in phi c nghim
thu m bo s ph hp vi cc tit chun xut trong b H s mi
thu v cc tiu chun xy dng v cc yu cu phc v lp thit b
in.
Nhng tiu ch sau y phi kim tra cht ch trong qu trnh
nghim thu phn xy phc v tt cho phn lp :
* Phi i chiu vi bn thit k m bo tun th ng thit k.
* Mi ch thay i khc vi thit k , cn lp h s v bn v sa i
km theo ng qui nh v th tc chnh sa bn thit k cho ph
hp vi thc t . Bn thit k phi lp bn v sa i v tun th cch
ghi s v nh du ch sa cha ng qui nh mi ca ISO. H s
khi hon thnh phi lp Dessin de recollement ( bn v hon cng )
theo ng qui nh .
* Cn chun b y cng c s dng trong qu trnh kim tra nh
thc o, thc l , thanh kim chiu dy , cc loi ng h o v
nhng dng c o khc. Nhng dng c o ny phi c kim tra v
hiu chnh cn thn. C quan kim tra v hiu chnh nhng dng
c ny phi l c quan chuyn trch c cp php hnh ngh hp
php.
* Ht sc lu kim tra kch thc hnh hc v kch thc hnh hc s
nh hng ln n vic c lp t c hay kh khn i vi cc thit
b in. Ch cc kch thc ca mng t my , v tr bulng neo
cho cc bulng neo thit b xung mng my.
* Ch gabarit ca gian lp my , m bo tho mn khng gian lp
my . Ch c ly t my n cc rnh cp , n cc v tr c nh
dy cp , thanh qut dn in.
* Ch cht lng cc cu kin v kt cu phn xy nh h s kim tra
cht lng vt liu xy , h s kim tra , th nghim b tng , thp . . .
Trc ht phi nhn tng th bng mt , sau cn i chiu h s
th nghim i chng . Khi thy nghi ng v cht lng cng trnh
cn b cu kp thi trc khi lp t.
* Cng tc xy dng phi m bo gii phng c a bn cng tc
giao cho bn lp. Khng c tin hnh xen k va xy , va lp trn
cung mt a bn thi cng.

* Thit b cn lp mang n hin trng cn c sp xp gn theo

th t lp , phi che y trnh ma nng lm hng , trnh va p v
gy cc tc ng h hng do c hc , do nguyn nhn vt l cng nh
nguyn nhn ho hc . Cn ch m bo mi trng ct cha tm
thit b ch lp , khng cho bi v m gy mc , ru v cc tc
nhn sinh hc lm gim cht lng hoc h hng .
* Ch kim tra kch thc ca b tr trong cc gian s lp t my
mc v in.
* Trong gian nh lp thit b in c lp cc my mc khc cn phi
hp tin lp t ph hp nht , khng cc cng tc lp
t chng cho nhau , cn tr nhau trong qu trnh thi cng lp
my.
* Phi kim tra cc hp t ng , cc h , hc cha sn sau ny
lp t cc , cc bng iu khin , cc my thng tin lin lc thm
ch c camera , u c hin s hay v tuyn truyn hnh nu c
trong thit k th bn xy phi chun b xong.
* Nu ng dy dn in chiu sng i ni th cc vic v phn
xy nhm hon chnh cng trnh nh cng tc trt , lng , lt , p cng
phi xong hon chnh .
* Nu nhng ng dy i ngm , phi lp t xong cc ng dy
ri bn xy tip tc hon thin mt ngoi trc khi bn giao cu cng.
* Cn kim tra cc l chui vo hm cp , ging cp v kch thc , bn
l np y v phi c kho . Khi lao ng ch ngi c trch nhim
mi c gi cha kho v ng m ng theo qui nh v an ton
v v bo qun.
* Phi kim tra li ln , xung hm cp , ging cp , sng chiu vo
ni ln xung . Phi lu n tay vn cho ngi ln xung m bo
tin dng , chc chn , sch s . Bc ln xung phi sch s , khng
trn , khng dy du m . Nu bng gch , phi c mt chng trt , chng trn . Nu bng kim loi , tm lt bc phi l thp dp c
mt chng trn ni g .
* y hm , y ging phi c li thot ht nc khi c nc.
* Trc khi lp cc thit b in , bn giao thu phi giao cho nh thu
cc bin bn nghim thu ca cc phn vic tin hnh trc nh bin
bn nghim thu vic lp t ng , bin bn nghim thu cch ni ng
, bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc chng thm . Cc mng t ng
cp phi kh ro v sch s.

* Nu tin hnh t cc cu kin ca trm bin p ngoi tri phi

tho g cp pha mng v mng cp , san xong mt bng , lm hng
ro quy quanh khu vc dnh ring cho trm . Khi mi vic xong v
n nh mi tin hnh lp.
* Nu c cng trc rt rut my bin p , cc thng du , h thng
dn du ca trm bin p phi hon thnh xy lp hon chnh trc
khi kim tra my bin p v lp my ct in.
* Thit b in s lp trong phn xng , khu vc s lp my phi che
chn chng ma , bi . Cc b phn ph nh thang ca my trc , sn
thao tc , phi lp t xong trc khi lp my in .
* Mi cng vic v phn xy gian acqui k c h thng gi v si
m cng vi cc vic kim tra nhng phn vic ny phi lm xong trc
khi lp acqui. Ring vic sn ph lp sn chng axit hay chu kim
tng , trn v nn nh phi lm sau khi t xong cc kt cu c
nh thanh dn v dy in chiu sng. Khi thi cng trong gian
acqui cn c my iu ho khng kh v cho chy my ny m
bo nhit ti gian t acqui khng di 15oC.
* Mi cng vic xy lp gian chnh lu thu ngn phi hon chnh
trc khi lp chnh lu. Nhit trong gian t chnh lu khng thp
hn 15oC.
Mng my t cc b chnh lu phi r cp pha xong , sa sang ht
cc vt r , tho ht cc nt cc l , ty cho mt b tng ht g
gh .
Mt trn ca mong my phi phng v thng bng. Mng cc my ln
v trung bnh phi c bn v v cc ng tm , cao trnh phi c
xc nh v tr trn bn v v c bn giao ghi thnh vn bn do cn
b o c lp thnh ph lc trong b h s bn giao sau ny.
Mi sai lch v mt bng mng my phi c ghi chp y . Ch
chp nhn khi g gh nh hn 10 mm v sai s v nghing
nh hn 1/100 .
* Trc khi s my in chun b cho lp t , mi vic chun b
phi lm xong . My phi c v sinh sch s. H thng thng gi phi
c kim tra k cng , phi sn v ch kh sn . Ca h thng thng
gi lp y v vn hnh nh nhng .
* Nhng mng kim tra , t tiu chun a vo lp t phi lp
h s nghim thu gia bn thi cng v ch u t , c s c mt ca
bn lp my v coi nh tin hnh nghim thu , bn giao tay ba cho bn
lp.

* Mi cng c phc v cho cng tc lp phi a ti hin trng v

chun b t th thi cng c theo phng n lp nh thu lp
trnh vi ch u t xem xt v duyt .
* Lnh khi cng lp phi do ch u t giao cho bn lp bng vn
bn sau khi kim tra cc i kin chun b nh phn trn.

Chng III
kim tra vic lp t cc thit tr phn phi
v trm bin p
3.1 Cc thit tr phn phi .
3.1.1. Yu cu chung trong lp t.
Phi quan st trong qu trnh thi cng cc thit tr c c
nh chc chn vo v tr . Khi cc thit tr chu rung hay chn
ng trong qu trnh khai thc phi s dng ai c hn hay vng

m vnh , vng m hm. Ren bulng ca cc thit tr ca trm

bin p ngoi tri phi bi m xlidn .
Du cha trong thit b c du phi n mc ch dn ca
nh ch to. Khng du r r qua mi hn , qua mt bch , ng
ni van , vi , giong , ng ch bo mc du .
Nhng b phn khng dn in v cc l xo phi bi m vadlin
cng nghip theo ch dn ca nh che to thit b .
Cn kim tra cc v tr t ni t di ng , c gi l ni
t an ton , trn cc b phn mang in ca 3 pha . Cn bo m
sao cho cc phn c ct d sa cha , u nm pha c ni
t di ng ( i vi ngun cung cp in ) hay nm gia cc ni
t di ng . Nhng v tr t ni t di ng trn cc thit b
u c co sch , bi vadlin c hai mt tip xc , phi k 2 vch
sn en pha ngoi . Bng sau s hng dn cc v tr t ni t
di ng :

Cc phn c ct ra sa
cha
- T thit b phn phi

V tr t ni t
- Di dao cch ly thanh ci, dao
cch ly cp hay ng dy . Ti
thit b phn phi kiu nhiu
tng th t t my ct in
kiu c du.

- Cc my in trn 1000V
- Ti cc u ra.
- Cc my bin p
- Ti thanh ci hay cp pha in
p cao v in p thp
- Phn on hay mt trong cc
h thng thanh ci
-Trn cc thanh ci ca phn on
hay ca h thng
- Thit tr phn phi kiu nhiu

tng

- C hai pha ca thit b mi

tng

3.1.2 Lp thanh ci cc thit tr phn phi trong nh :

* Cc thanh ci c nn thng tp , khng c c ch cong vnh . Vi
cc thanh ci c tit din ch nht th bn knh cong ch un
khng ng nh hn hai ln chiu dy thanh nu un theo phng
mt :
R2
m = chiu dy thanh ci .
Nu un theo cnh th
R2b
m b = chiu rng ca cnh.
Nhng ch un thanh ci khng c c vt ra , nt . Chiu di
ch un thanh ci khng b hn 2 ln chiu rng ca n . Ch thanh
ci b un phi xa ch thanh ci b ni ( nu c ) t nht l 10 mm k
t mp mt tip xc . Ht sc lu rng khi thay i nhit ,
thanh ci s co dn theo chiu dc nn chi c c nh thanh ci vo
vt cch in im gia thanh ci . Khi thanh ci c nhng b
phn b dn n th v tr c nh thanh ci nn c nh thanh ci
nm gia hai ci b . Khi ni thanh ci vo thit b phi o , un
chnh xc , khng pht sinh ng sut cng v phi t cho cc
mt ni p st vo nhau.
* Thanh ci c ni bng bulng phi kim tra v tr ni v cht
xit ni . V tr ni phi cch xa cc u vt cch in , ch u
phn nhnh t nht 50 mm.
* Sau khi lp xong thanh ci , cc l ca vt cch in phi c bt
bng cc bn c bit . Thanh ci ghp h ch vo v ra khi vt
cch in phi c kp cht li vi nhau.
* Khi dng in ln hn 5000A th trn nhng kt cu bng thp
c nh cc vt cch in thanh ci t h , phi t cc vng
ni tt bng kim loi dn in gim bt s pht nng cc kt cu
do nh hng ca t trng. iu ny phi tm k trong ch dn ca
thit k. Nu trong ch dn ca thit k thy st, khng ghi , yu cu
thit k ghi b sung.

* Khi dng in ln hn 600 A th cc vt c nh thanh ci v cc

b phn kp thanh ci khng c to nn mch t khp kn chung
quanh thanh ci. Mun t c iu ny , 1 trong cc tm p hay tt
c cc bulng b tr cng mt pha ca thanh ci phi lm bng vt
liu khng nhim t nh ng thau , nhm v cc hp kim ca n. C
th p dng kiu kt cu c nh thanh ci khng to nn mch t
kn.
* Ni chung nhng ch ni c nh ca thanh ci c tit din ch
nht u nn hn in hay hn hi , v nu c iu kin nn hn
p lc . Nhng ch ni c yu cu tho khi cn thit th ni bng
bulng hay bng tm kp.
* Phi kim tra rt k nhng u thanh ci nhm ni vo u cc
ng ca cc my mc , thit b , phi tun theo cc qui nh di
y:
+ Nu u cc ni loi dt , c ni trc tip , khng k tr s
dng in l bao nhiu.
+ Nu u cc trn cho php ni trc tip khi dng in di
400 A.
+ Vi dng in trn 400 A v nhng thit b ngoi tri th
ni phi qua tm tip xc ng - nhm.
Khi dng in di 200A , thanh ci bng thp c th ni trc
tip vo u cc ng ca thit b . Trong nh kh ro , mt tip
xc ca thanh ci bng thp phi nh sch v bi vadlin. Trong nh
m t hoc c kh n mn , mt tip xc phi m km , m cadmi , m
ng hay trng thic. Mt tip xc ca thanh ci dp phi phng khi
ni bng bulng , bng tm p hay ni vo u cc b mt ca
thanh ci nhm , hay thp phi bi mt lp mng vadlin cng nghip.
Cc ch ni tip xc bng bulng c th tho m c cc thit
b phn phi trong nh phi dng bulng v ai c m km. Cc
bulng v ai c b tr sao cho khi khai thc d kim tra. Khi ni cc
thanh ci bng ng v bng thp th bulng phi c vng m
bng thp.
Khi u ni cc thanh ci v cc u ct bng nhm vo cc
u ct thit b cn kim tra m bo vic s dng ng vng
m theo bng di y:
n v : mm
Bulng c
ren

ng knh trong ca
vng m

ng knh ngoi ca
vng m

Chiu dy
vng

M8

8,5

18

M10

10,5

24+

m
3
4

M12
M16
M20

28
28+

32

40
46

6
6

12,5
16,5
21

Ghi ch : Du + dng cho nhng khong cch gia cc l bulng

b gim nh i.
i vi cc cc thanh trn phi dng ai c c bit do nh sn
xut thit b cung cp ng b vi thit b. ng knh ngoi ca vng
m l xo kiu a tnh trng p khng c ln hn ng knh
ngoi ca vng m nm di l xo cho bng trn.
Nn dng vng m vnh hm cc ch ni bng bulng ca
thanh ci ng v thp cn thanh ci nhm th khng nn dng vng
m ny.
Tr mt tip xc , ch ni thanh ci trong cc gian nh t
thit b m t phi qut 2-3 lp sn. Trong mi trng c kh n mn ,
phi qut 3 lp sn chng n mn , tr ngay ti mt tip xc.
Cc ch ni thanh ci b hn th vt hn khng c c so , r
hay nt rn , vnh v chy . Sau khi hn phi ty ht x hn v thuc
hn.
Trc khi tin hnh hn thanh ci cn kim tra trnh ngh
nghip ca th hn . Ngi c php hn thanh ci phi qua st hch v
c Gim c Cng ty Xy lp in cp chng ch kim tra tay
ngh v cho php c hn thanh ci.
c hn p lc nhng thanh ci c kch thc di 100 x 10 mm
nhng thit b t 1000 V tr ln t mi trng kh ro tr my
pht in , thit b in t dng ca cc nh my in my bin p
t 20.000 KVA tr ln v cc thit b chu rung ng. Vic ni thanh
ci ng vi nhm bng phng php hn p lc ch c tin hnh vi
cc thit b ng cp III. Trc khi ni , cc mt tip xc thanh ci phi
nh sch cc lp xyt v lau ra sch du m . S lng v cch b tr
cc mi t dng phi chn la cho thch hp vi kch thc v vt liu

thanh ci. Cng nhn tin hnh cc thao tc ny phi qua hun luyn
chuyn mn mi c thi cng. Vic kim tra s lng ch ni phi tin
hnh ngu nhin vi s lng trn 10% ch ni. Cch kim tra l o vi
sai s nh hn 0,01 mm thng s chiu dy lp kim loi b p hoc
c th o in tr tip xc ca on ni , in tr ny khng c ln
hn in tr ca mt on thanh ci nguyn c cng di. Ch ni
thanh ci sn cng mu vi thanh ci. Cc tm tip xc ng-nhm
phi c nh ch to kim tra v cp chng ch kim tra.
3.1.3 Lp thanh ci ca thit tr phn phi ngoi tri :
Kim tra sai s vng ca thanh ci mm , so vi sai s cho
php ca thit k c x dch trong phm vi 5 %. Trn ton b chiu
di ca thanh ci mm , khng c c ch vn , ch xon hoc t ra
hay c mt s si ring b hng.
Phi b tr h thng thanh ci c ch r nhnh v s mi ni
l t nht. Cn ht sc lu tm n s dn n nhit khi ni thanh ci
vo u thit b khng gy ra lc tc ng thm vo u cc
ngoi trng lng bn thn thanh ci v p lc gi.
Khi ni thanh ci nhm vi thanh ci ng ngoi tri phi dng
cc tm tip xc ng nhm. Ch ni thanh ci thit b ngopi tri
phi qut sn chng r. Bulng , ai c v vng m phi m km.
Cc thit b t trong nh, vt liu cch in v xuyn
t trn cng mt mt phng phi c c nh sao cho b mt cc
m chp ca chng khng nghing qu 2 mm. ng tim ca cc vt
cch in xuyn hoc t trong cng mt dy khng c lch qu 5
mm v m pha. Khi c nh cc vt cch in phi m bo
c th thay th m khng cn ca ct thanh ci. m lt di mt
bch ca vt cch in khng c li ra ngoi mt bch. ng knh
ca l trn tm hay vch ngn lun vt cch in xuyn qua
phi ln hn ng knh chn vt cch in 5 ~ 10 mm. i vi vt
cch in xuyn t 1000V tr ln phi c bin php loi tr kh nng
to nn cc machj vng dn t kn trong tm bng thp. Cc tm
ny phi lm bng hai na ghp v khng c ni vi nhau qua vt ni
bng thp. Ct thp ca tm v ca vch ngn bng b tng ct
thp khng c to nn mch vng kn xung quanh 1 pha.
Vic lp t cc chui cch in thit b phn phi ngoi
tri phi p ng cc yu cu :
Ph kin ca chui nh ti , mc , kp phi ph hp vi kch thc
ca vt cch in v dy dn. Cc tai mc v khu trung gian u
phi c cht ch bng thp.
Khi treo cc chui cch in ln vt treo bng g thit b
phn phi ngoi tri phi lu tm kim tra m bo :

ai c ca mc treo phi c hm li. Kch thc cc vng m

t di cc u bulng v cc ai c khng c b hn 70x70 mm
v chi dy khng di 5 mm. Khng c khoan , o x g sau khi
x l chng mc.
3.1.4 Cc my ct in trn 1000V v cc b phn truyn
ng ca my ct ny:
Cng nh qui trnh chung, vic lp rp v hiu chnh nhng
my ny phi cn c vo ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to , nh cung
ng my v qui trnh lp my.
Cn xc nh v tr cn lp t bng cch i chiu v tr
trong bn v vi thc a cn c vo cc ng trc qui nh. S
dng my kinh v v t ra l s dng dy di cn chnh
nghim chnh v kch thc hnh hc v thng bng. Vi cc my
ct du c ba bnh , phi ch ht sc n cc ng trc. Cc my
pht in phi c nh vo b chu sc rung khi vn hnh.
Chn thng cha du hay cc v tr cn c nh vo b vi cc thit
b b tr ngoi tri , khng c trt ph va xi mng bay b tng.
Cc b phn truyn ng ca my ct in v cc c cu b
truyn ng phi th thy s vn hnh nh nhng, khng vng
hay b cng bc do mc kt v sai lch khi lp. Khi my ct in
v tr ng hon ton th b truyn ng cng v tr tng
ng.
Cc lin kt bulng ca b truyn ng , c cu truyn ng
ca cc tip im ng v tnh phi c xit cht m bo hm
chc chn. Khi ng cc b phn truyn ng phi trong tnh trng
lm vic, chc chn d vi in p lm vic gim thp hoc tng
cao. Cc b phn lm vic bng kh nn cng lm vic tt. Cc tip
im ca my ct in v b phn dp h quang phi hiu chnh
tht chnh xc v kim tra cht ch. Qu trnh kim tra b phn ny
phi t cc yu cu sau y:
* p lc tip xc , hnh trnh ca h tip im ng, s ng
trc ca cc tip im ng hay tnh cng phi ph hp vi ch dn
ca nh ch to.
* B mt tip xc ca h tip im ng kiu nm, cc tip
im chi hay cht khng c b hn 70% ton b b mt tip
xc. Cng c kim tra l s dng l cn 0,5 mm la kim tra.
Nhng mt tip xc ny phi nhn v sch trc khi lp rp.
* Cc tip im dp h quang v cc tip im chnh phi
iu chnh m bo tnh ng thi khi ng v m.
* Khi ng, m cc tip im chnh, tip im dp h quang,
tip im ng, tip im trung gian v tip im tnh phi lm
vic ng trnh t.

* Khi ng, tip im ng khng c ngp su qu mc qui

nh do nh ch to qui nh trnh s dp mnh vo y hoa
th.
* Cc c cu truyn ng phi c kim tra khi my ct in
v tr ng v ct.
Vi cc my ct khng kh , khi kim tra phi t cc yu cu
sau y:
* Mt trong , tip xc vi kh nn phi lm v sinh sch s trc
khi lp rp.
* Khi xit cc bulng mt bch ni cc tng cch in phi s
dng cl mmen xit u , khng nn xit qu gng hay cn lng.
* Lp ng ng chnh dn kh nn phi dt dc 2/1000 v
phi hng gp nc ng.
Cc chi tit cch in trong cc bnh ca my ct in b
m , nht l trong iu kin thi tit nc ta, nht thit phi sy. nh
gi mc m bng cch kim tra in tr cch in , phi m bo
tnh ph hp vi qui phm trang b in.
Cc np y cc on ng x phi cht.
3.1.5 Dao cch ly v b phn truyn ng ca chng:
B truyn ng ca dao cch ly v ton b h thng truyn dn
cn hot ng nh nhng chng xc. Cc gi phi c c nh
chc chn vo , tay cm phi lp t chc chn vo trc, cc
chc khuu phi lp cht vo cn ko. Mi sai lch hay khe h v
bin dng n hi ca h thng truyn dn k t tay quay ca b
truynf ng n li dao khng c lm cho hnh trnh khng ti ca
tr quay vt qu 5o. Cn a tay quay li tin nh nhng bng tay
quan st li dao khi tip xc vi hm cu dao. Gi khng c php
rung lc khi ng ct dao cch ly.
Cn ko ca dao cch ly loi dng trong nh phi lun qua vng
bo him cn khng b chm vo cc b phn ca mng in. Khi
ng dao cch ly , cc li dao phi cch hm dao khong 3 ~ 5 mm v
li dao phi ri vo gia hm tip xc c nh v khng p mnh
vo hm lm cho hm b vnh.
m ca dao cch ly v gc quay ca li dao khi ct phi trong
gii hn c nh ch to qui nh. Mc khng ng thi ca cc li dao
khi ng dao cch ly 2 pha v 3 pha , khong cch gia li dao v hm
tip xc c nh khng c vt qu 3 mm.
Cc tip im kiu tip xc mt phi c t nht 3 im tip
xc khng cng nm trn mt ng thng . Nu ch l cc im tip
xc im th t nht phi c hai im tip xc. Dng cn dy 0,05

mm , rng 10 mm kim tra cc im tip xc ny. L cn khng

lt su 5 mm bn trong mt tip xc hay dc theo ng tip xc.
Mt tip xc gia li dao v hm tip xc c nh phi lm
sch bng bn chi st hay da c sch v bi mt lp vadlin cng
nghip. Nu mt tip xc bng bc th khng cn mi , da.
Khng c p cng l xo tip xc ca cc m dao cch ly. Cc
vng l xo phi c h ti thiu l 0,5 mm khi li dao t th ng.
Gc cm tip im ca b truyn ng dng bo tn hiu v
kho lin ng, v tr dao cch ly, phi m bo tn hiu "ct" khi li
dao i c 75% hnh trnh v ch pht tn hiu "ng" khi li
dao chm vo hm tip xc c nh.
Dao cch ly ngoi tri, sng di ng ch c trt trn mt sng
c nh vi lc ma st nh.
Cn kim tra cc chi tit kho lin ng c kh gia my ct
in vo dao cch ly, cc chi tit ny phi c hiu chnh tht khp
vi cc thit b. S lin ng gia dao cch ly vi my ct in cng
nh gia li chnh vi li tip t ca dao cch ly phi hot ng chnh
xc. Khoa lin ng khng cho php quay c cn truyn ng dao
ch ly khi my ct in ang v tr ng.
3.1.6 Cc my bin in o lng:
Nhng u dy cha s dng ca cc cun dy th cp my
bin dng in phi c u tt. Trong mi trng hp, tr ra nhng
trng hp ghi trc trong thit k,, mt trong cc u cun dy th cp
my bin ng in t trong mch c in p t 500 V tr ln v
ca my bin in p u phi c tip t.
Cn kim tra m bo rng cc kt cu thp t my
bin dng in kiu xuyn t 1000A tr ln khng c to nn cc
mch t kn chung quanh 1 hay 2 pha.
Cn kim tra sao cho cc my bin p c b tr khi khai
thc, du c th n c nt x du. Cc nt x du phi thng cc l
thng hi. Trc khi my a vo khai thc, cn kim tra xem ming
m bo qun ca nh ch to c ly i cha. Nu cha, cn ly
i.
3.1.7 Cc khng in:
Cn kim tra cc cun khng b tng khng c c vt rn
nt hay v cnh v bong sn trn cc tr b tng. Khng c c ch
hng trn cc cch in v trn cch in cc vng dy. Trng hp cc
pha cun khng t chng ln nhau phi tun theo ng k hiu.
Nu k hiu theo ting Nga th ch H ( ) l pha di, C () l

pha gia, B (x ) l pha trn ng thi chiu ca cun dy pha

gia phi ngc vi chiu ca cc cun trn v di.
Mi pha cun khng phi ta ln qua ton b cc s. Di cc
u cch in v cc mt bch ca chng phi t m. Cc cun
khng b tng phi cun bng dy bc cch in nu lu ngoi
tri hoc lp sn trn mt b tng b hng nng. Khi sa tr b tng
phi sy nhng cun khng ny. Vic sy coi nh t nu in tr
cch in ca cun khng t 1 M.
3.2 Cc my bin p in lc.
3.2.1. Kim tra my:
Cn kim tra m bo cc quy nh trong mc ny khi lp
t cc my bin p ( k c my bin p t ngu v cun khng c
du ) in p n 220 KV.
Cn kim tra rut my bin p nu ti liu hng dn ca nh
ch to quy nh. Trong khi vn chuyn v bo qun nu thy hin tng c kh nng gy ra h hng bn trong my th phi kim tra rut
my.
Vic kim tra rut my v tnh trng trc khi lp phi thc hin theo
quy nh ca nh ch to.
Sau khi kim tra nu thy rut my bin p b bn th phi dng
du sch v kh ra vi p sut nh ( khng qu 1,15 kg/cm2 ).
kim tra cc b phn trn cao ca my bin p t c IV tr ln
phi lp cc thanh c nh.
Khi kim tra, nu thy giong np my b hng, cho php
thay cc giong np my v b chuyn ng ca b i nc in
p b hng, bng nhng giong c cng chiu dy vi giong ca nh
ch to.
Vic c phi sy my hay khng, phi cn c vo quy nh ca
nh ch to v tiu chun cch in ca my bin p v phi lp
thnh bin bn c i din c quan lp v giao thu tham gia.
Cc ch ni mt bch ca my bin p phi m bng giong
chu du hoc bng lie ( in in ). Trng hp khng c th cho
php dng giong lm bng vt liu chu du khc nh paraphp tm
sn baklit.
Cc b phn lm mt phi dng du bin p ra sch v phi th
nghim theo ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to, kt qu phi ghi vo
bin bn.
Ring cc cch in trc khi lp vo my bin p, phi c th
nghim theo ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to, hoc theo quy trnh
k thut hin hnh.
Cc cch in c du khng c h hng, v cch in v
bnh dn n bng thu tinh, khng c r r du. Cc cch in phi
c du vo n gia bnh gin n ng vi nhit 15-20 0C.

Cc bu gin n bng thu tinh ca cc cch in phi sn trng v

phi cha li mt vch khng sn rng 15 -20 mm quan st
mc du.
Trc khi t bnh gin n ln my bin p phi ra bng du
bin p sch. ng dn du ni thng bin p vi bnh dn n phi c
dc t nht 2% v pha my bin p, khng c dc ngc li. ng
thu tinh ch mc du bnh dn n t v pha d quan st v phi
c 2 vch nh du mc du tng ng vi nhit + 35 0 v + 15 0
ca mi trng.
3.2.2 Kim tra b phn iu khin :
R le hi phi c kim tra phng th nghim trc khi lp
t. R le hi phi t ngang ca (l ) quan st phi t v pha
d nhn. Thn rle hi h thng phao v np rle hi phi t
trn my bin p sao cho mi tn ch v pha bnh dn n.
ng phng n ca my bin p phi c lau sch bi bn v ra
bng du bin p sch. Ming knh mt bn trn ca ng phng n
v ht x khng kh, phi c m giong cao su chu du hay bng
li-e ( in in ).
Phi t ng phng n sao cho cc u cp, thanh dn v cc thit
b gn, khng b phun vo khi s c du pht ra.
Khi lp cm bin nhit ca cc nhit k kiu p k thu
ngn hay nhit k o xa, phi dng chn kn. Cc m ny l nhng
vng m ch, hoc dy aming tm sn baklt hay sn gliptan.
Cc ui lp nhit k thu ngn hay nhit k tip im thu
ngn phi y du my bin p v phi y kn trnh hi
m lt vo. Nhit k phi b tr ch d quan st v an ton. Cc
nhit k ( thu ngn, kiu tip im thu ngn, kiu p k v kiu
o xa ) phi c kim tra phng th nghim, trc khi lp vo my
bin p v phi c bin bn th nghim.
Du vo my bin p phi t cc yu cu quy nh ca
nh ch to. in p nh thng v mu du khng c thp hn c
tr s ghi trong bng sau y:
Tr s in p xuyn thng nh nht cho php
ca cc mu du my bin p.
Cp in p cun dy cao p
n 15 KV
T 15 - 35 KV
T 60 - 220 KV

in p xuyn thng ca du
trong khe h phng in tiu
chun ( KV )
25
30
40

Nhit ca du b sung khng c khc vi du trong my

bin p qu 50C. Khi b xung phi b sung loi c mu du ph hp.
H thng lm mt ( b lm mt du, cc ng du phi c th
nghim theo hng dn ca nh ch to ).
Cn thit phi kim tra cch in cu ch nh thng
ca my bin p c trung tnh cch in khi in p nh mc pha
h p n 660V.
Cc my bin p c r le hi, phi t cao sao cho np my c
dc cao hn t nht 1=2,5% v pha r le hi. on ng dn du
gia bnh gin n ca my bin p v r le hi phi t van.
Cc bnh xe ca my bin p phi c chn chc v mi pha.
Trn cc thng my bin p mt pha phi sn mu phn bit
pha.
Trn thng my bin p 3 pha v trn thng pha gia ca t my
bin p 1 pha, phi ghi r s hiu myv ghi c s hiu theo quy
nh ca iu .
Trn ca trm v bung my bin p phi ghi r s hiu my v
phi treo bin bo nh nu trn . Ca trm v bung my bin p
phi c kho.
Cc my bin p ngoi tri phi sn mu xm sng.
3.3. Cc thit b chnh lu.
Cc iu quy nh v kim tra , gim st v phi tun th
trong mc ny p dng lp rp cc trm i in p c cc
chnh lu in lc loi kim loi, thu ngn, c hc v bn dn.
3.3.1 Cc chnh lu thu ngn khng hn lin ( kiu tho ri ).
Cc chnh lu thu ngn kiu kt cu tho ri phi c lp rp
li. Vic m ra v lp rp li cc chnh lu thu ngn phi tin hnh
trong cc gian nh ring cch ly vi cc gian nh khc. Phi thng bo
cho mi ngi nhn ra a bn tin hnh cng tc ny. Vic tho lp
phi tun theo cc ti liu hng dn ca nh ch to v phi tun
theo cc iu quy nh di y:
(i). Ch tin hnh lp rp li sau khi lp v th nghim h thng
lm mt v h thng ht gi.
(ii). Khi lp rp li phi dng cc dng c chuyn dng c lau ra
sch du m bng xng.

(iii). Tt c chi tit sau khi rt ra khi v chn khng phi ly giy bc
li v vo t c ht gi.
(iv). Nhng chi tit thng xuyn lm vic trong chn khng cn phi
clp rp li vi thi gian ngn nht.
(v). Nhng ngi lm cng vic lp rp li chnh lu phi mc o khoc
ngoi, i m chp v mang gng tay si trng.
(vi). Khi m cc van ca chnh lu loi axt sau khi lp rp li phi rt
ngay chn khng. Rt chn khng ti tr s chnh lu lm vic lu
di.
Khi tin hnh cng vic, nhit trong gian nh kim tra v
lp rp li chnh lu thu ngn phi t 250C .
Bm ht chn khng th phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
(1). Thng bm phi y du, tuc bin loi thch hp du phi kh
v sch n mc vch du trn knh quan st thy cc b phn lm
vic ca blc bm v van ht nm hon ton trong du.
(2). Du khng c chy hoc d qua vng chn du ca thng bm.
(3). Chiu quay ca trc bm phi ph hp vi chiu quay quy nh
ca nh ch to. Cm cho trc quay ngc.
(4). Np van phi c r chnh xc v hon ton p kht vo van.
(5). Van t ng phi c iu chnh thi gian ng v m
khng qu 30 giy.
(6). Trong thi gian khng qu 40 pht, bm phi to c mt p sut
40 mmHg trung bnh chn khng th trong dung tch khong 5 lt.
(7). p sut trong h thng " chn khng th " khng c qu 40 mm Hg.
Bm thu ngn ht " chn khng cao " phi c kim tra
cc phn sau:
(i). Lng thu ngn cha trong bu cha thu ngn.
(ii). Tnh trng vi phun.
(iii). S nguyn vn ca m t.

(iv). Gii hn ht ( p sut d khng c qu 0,1 mm Hg ) chn khng

k thu ngn phi c kim tra cc phn sau:
(a). S nguyn vn ca b phn bng thu tinh.
(b). Thanh o phi tht ng.
(c). Lng thu ngn cn thit.
Khi vn chuyn v lp khng c lm h on ng nh my ch
to hn sn ht chn khng.
Trc khi lp rp cc chnh lu phi c thng ng trong
nh kn. Trc khi t van vo t thit b chnh lu chn b phn kim
tra tnh trng thit b v vic lp t t, vic vn cht cc bu lng
v lau sch lp m chng r bng vi tm xng.
Trng hp cc van c bo qun lu, trc khi lp t vo t
thit b trn b phi c kim tra bo dng li.
3.3.2. H thng lm mt bng nc.
Khi cc chnh lu thu ngn c lm mt bng nc trc lu hay
tun hon, th cc ng dn nc u phi cch in vi h thng c
lm mt ca chnh lu mang in p ca chnh lu.
Thng thng cch in, phi ni vo nhng on ng cch
in. on ng cch in gia chnh lu v b trao i nhit phi
di t nht l 4 mt v c ng knh 50 mm, cn on ng cch
in lm mt bm thu ngn phi di 2,5 m v ng knh 18
mm.
Mi ch ni ng u phi hn, ch dng mt bch ni
ngvo thit b v ph kin. Cc van nc iu chnh dng nc
lm mt phi t trn ct bn cnh chnh lu thu ngn, ct phi
trong t g c ca i din vi van. Mt trong v ngoi t phi qut
sn du.
Cc ng dn nc phi cch xa v chnh lu thu ngn 1,5m hay
phi bc cch in ( cao su hay vi nha ).
H thng lm mt bng nc ca chnh lu thu ngn 1 Ant phi
theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to khi khng c hng dn phi thc
hin cc iu sau:
(i) i vi chu trnh lm mt kn ca chnh lu thu ngn c b trao
i nhit ch c dng ci khng cho php lm mt bng nc trc lu
( trong thi gian ngn ).

(ii) Nhit nc lm mt i vo chnh lu c lm mt theo chu k

trnh kn phi t 350C- 47 oC. chnh nhit gia nc vo v nc
ra khi v chnh lu ca chu trnh kn khng c qu 5oC. Lu lng nc
ca chu trnh kn phi lun lun gi khng i. Khng cho php
iu chnh lu lng trong chu trnh kn.
(iii) Nc trc lu lm mt b trao i nhit v bm thu ngn phi
l nc sch khng c tp cht c hc.
(iv) Nhit nc lm mt bm thy ngn khng c qu 25oC gii hn
khng di mc quy nh.
Nc ca h thng lm mt kiu trc lu ca chnh lu thy ngn
nhiu Ant, phi theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to. Nu khng c
hng dn ring phi theo cc yu cu sau:
(1). cng khng qu 10o theo thang cng, in tr khng c
di 2000 cm , cc cn khng ho tan khng c ln hn 0,5 mg/lit.
(2). p sut nc ng dn nc phi nm trong quy nh ca nh ch
to.
(3). Nhit nc lm mt i vo chnh lu phi nm trong gii hn 1555oC. chnh nhit gia nc vo v nc ra khi chnh lu khng c qu 15oC.
3.3.3. To hnh cc chnh lu thu ngn.
Cc chnh lu thu ngn kiu kt cu tho ri sau khi lp li
xong phi to c hnh dng thch hp. Vic to hnh phi c tin
hnh vi in p thp, vi dng in to hnh n 120% dng in
nh mc ca chnh lu thu ngn v bt buc dng in phi
phn b u gia cc Ant.
Vic to hnh chnh lu thu ngn kiu kt cu tho ri phi
tin hnh theo hng dn ca nh ch to vi nhng iu kin sau:
(i). Phi kim tra khi iu chnh bo v my bin p chnh cho thch
hp vi cc dng in ngn mch ca ch to hnh.
(ii). Trong qu trnh to hnh phi duy tr chn khng trong gii
hn 3 - 4 micr ct thu ngn. Khi to hnh t ng, cho php nng
p sut d n 15 micr ct thu ngn.

(iii). Vic to hnh xem nh kt thc nu ng vi ph ti cc i v

bm ht chn khng th ct, trong vng 3 gi, p sut trong v
chnh lu thu ngn t 0,1 micr ct thu ngn c nng ln khng
qu p sut cho php khi khai thc l 0,5 micr ct thu ngn .
Vic to hnh b sung cc van ca chnh lu thu ngn kiu
hn sn: Trong trng hp chng bo qun t lu th tin hnh nh
sau: ng in vo chnh lu trong 2 gi v cho mang ti bng 50%
dng in nh mc vi in p Ant c gim xung t 50 - 100
V.
Cc chi tit c kh ca my in t ng tc ng nhanh phi
c lau chi ht bi bn, phi c th theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
B mt ca cc tip im phi c nh sch g, bi bn
bng bn chi. Khng c php dng da, hoc dng giy nhp
nh cc mt m bc. Cc mt thng xuyn tip xc nhau trong qu
trnh ng ct ca cc li nam chm in ( cun in t ) bn
trong my ct phi c lau bng r tm xng sch.
Phi dng p k kim tra p lc ca cc tip im.
Cc thanh dn khi b nng khng c gy ra ng lc c hc ln
cc b phn ca my ct in.
Vi cc chnh lu bn dn:
Cc chnh lu gic-ma-ni v xi-lc phi hon ton kn khi lp,
mi b phn kim loi bn ngoi chnh lu phi c bi mt lp mng
vadlin cng nghip.
Cch sn v ghi k hiu:
Cc thit b trong thit ch chnh lu thu ngn v b trao i
nhit phi sn bng men hay sn du mu sng. Trn cc cnh tn
nhit Ant nn sn mu en c k vch . Cc kt cu c nh
trn thit b sn mu en.
Trn v chnh lu thu ngn phi v mi tn v ghi cc ch ch
r tr s in p chnh lu ln nht. Trn cc thit b phi ghi ch nh
trong thit k quy nh.
3.4. Cc bng v t in.
Cc quy nh trong mc ny c p dng kim tra khi lp
cc t v bng in cng nh cc chi tit km theo.

3.4.1. Lp cc kt cu, ng h, thit b v h thng thanh

ci.
Cc t in v bng in phi c cn chnh cho c cng ng
tm v phi c c nh chc chn.
Mi chi tit kim loi khng ct in vi t ( bng ) dng c
nh cc thit b v thanh ci u phi bt cho dn in vi v t.
Cc ptmt, cc ng h t ghi v cc r le c nhy cao nn
t trn cc m n hi nh cao su dy 3 - 4mm.
Phi kim tra b truyn ng ca cc thit b phi lm
vic nh nhng, khng b kt v khng c tu tin ct. Cc thit b
b phn bo v tr lm vic ca cc b truyn ng phi hot ng
chnh xc, chiu quay ca b truyn ng cu dao, ptmt cn t
bn cnh cu dao tng ng vi quy nh sau:
- Khi quay ln ng vi v tr ng ca thit b.
- Khi quay xung ng vi v tr ct ca thit b, v tr t cu dao
ptmt phi t sao cho h quang pht sinh khi ct khng th lm
h hng cc thit b v cc ng h khc.
Cc hm cu dao v cu chy ng phi t sao cho cc li dao
cm vo c nh nhng v kht cht, khng c cc khe h, khng b
vnh b kt.
Lp cc thit b c tip im trt ( cc kho
chuyn mch bin tr v.v... ) phi bo m cho cc tip im ng
p cht ln cc tip im c nh.
Khi cc thit b in, cc kp u dy v cc dy dn in
in p 380/220V c b tr trn cc ngn gn cc trang thit b c
in p di 220 V th cc b phn mang in phi c bo v
trnh trng hp ngi vn hnh hay thao tc v chm phi m gy tai
nn. Nhng ni phi c bin bo v phi sn mu khc nhau.
Vic lp t cc cng tc, cc trang b khi ng, t thanh
dn ca mch nh th v ni t cc t, bng in phi theo ng
thit k.
Cc cu ch t trn cc t in phi c ng kn.
Vic ni cc thit b vi thanh ci ca t phi dng bulng hay
cht.
Vic ni thanh ghp chnh vi thanh dn r nhnh cng nh gia
chng vi nhau trong mt bng in phi hn hay p ( tr nhng ch
ni c lc cn tho ra ) th ni bng bulng.

Cc bulng, ai c v vng m bng thp dng ni cc

thanh ci vi nhau hay ni thanh ci vi cc thit b u phi m km.
Ch tip xc ca thit b, ch ni thanh gp bng bulng v cc
kp u dy mch o lng, tn hiu u phi b tr ch d
n gn kim tra.
Cc bulng v cht ch c nh cc thit b ng ct
cc ngn t u phi c bin php ngn nga t ni lng.
Khong cch d in theo b mt khng c b hn 20mm,
cc khe h in khng c b hn 12mm.
3.4 2. Cch sn v ghi k hiu.
Mt trong v mt ngoi ca t v cc chi tit bng kim loi dng
c nh cc thit b, ng h, thanh ci, dy dn v cp khng
m km hay m bng kim loi, th phi sn mt lp sn lt sau phi
sn ph ln mt lp sn du, sn men mitr mu xm ( sn khng
c vt m hay chy ) mun sn mu khc phi c s ng ca
c quan giao thu.
Ti cc b phn truyn ng ca thit b phi c bin nh
pha chnh din, bin ny c ghi k hiu ch r tn ng dy. Mt
sau ca t in cng phi ghi k hiu tng ng.
Pha sau t c t cc thit b ng ct, mi mch u phi
c bin nh c ghi k hiu ch r tn mch dn.
Cc kho, nt n v cn iu chnh phi ghi k hiu ch r tn
gi theo s v ni dung thao tc chng. V d: " ng ", " Ct ", "
Tng ", " Gim" v.v... bin bo hiu v cc dng c bo hiu khc u
phi ghi r c tnh ca tn hiu. V d:" mc du thp ", " qu nng
" v.v... cc b truyn ng ca thit b ng ct c hp bc kn,
hoc t phn sau t nhng c iu khin pha trc t, u phi
ghi r v tr ng, ct v trn cc cu ch phi c ghi dng in
thuc loi in p khc nhau, hay loi in khc nhau u phi ghi k
hiu tng ng v d " T in 380 ", " bng in ca b c quy".
3.5. Cc mch th cp.
Cc quy nh trong mc ny p dng rng ri kim tra v hng dn lp t cc dy dn ca mch iu khin, o lng, bo v,
lin ng v tn hiu, ngha l cho tt c cc mch th cp t
trong cc ngn thit b phn phi, cc t, bng iu khin, v cc t,
bng iu khin truyn ng cc t, bng iu khin v cc t,
bng iu khin truyn ng cc t my cng ngh.

3.5.1. Cc dy dn in.
Khi t dn dn in ca cc mch th cp trong cc ngn
thit tr phn phi, t v bng in th cho php:
(i). t trc tip ln mt kim loi hay cch in hoc ln tm hay
cng xn. Trong phm vi tng ngn, t in cc gian nh kh ro cho
php t trc tip cc dy dn ln b mt kim loi c chng g
v cc dy dn ny c th t st nhau.
(ii). Khi xp thnh nhiu chm hay b theo phng ng hoc ngang
khng cn c nh cht dy dn vo cc ngn trn sut ton b
chiu di ca dy
( bin php ny khng p dng cho cc t in
trn 1000 V ). Cc chm v b dy phi c kp gi bng cc ai cch
in v cch nhau 150 - 200 mm. Phi ghp chung cc si thuc 1
mch dy, mt t my thnh tng chm.
(iii). t kn trong cc hp hoc trong cc ng c lp m hay lp sn
chng g. Trng hp ny khng phi lt thm cch in cho hp v
khng cn c nh dy dn trong hp.
(iv). Khi t dy dn pha sau t, bng in, cho php ko dy
theo ng ngn nht t u kp ny n u kp kia, khng cn
c nh dy dn vo mt ca bng in v ghi k hiu cc u
dy theo cch thng thng.
Cc dy dn ni vi cc thit b v ng h t trong mt
ngn t, c th ni qua hng kp u dy hoc ni trc tip t thit
b ny sang mt thit b khc.
Ch cho php ni u dy dn cc kp u dy hay u
cc dn ca ng h v thit b. on dy gia cc kp u dy
khng c ni bng cch hn. Ch cho php ni rut cp kim tra,
nu chiu di ch to ca cp ngn hn chiu di thit k.
Cc dy in thoi trn cc bng in k, iu khin t xa v
thng tin lin lc phi t thnh chm, vic ni dy in thoi v ni
chng vo thit b cho php ni bng cch hn.
Khong cch gia cc im c nh cp v dy dn t h
c cc kiu kp cng phi thc hin ng vi cc s liu quy nh
trong bng sau y:
Khong cch gia cc im c nh cp v dy dn.
M hiu cp v dy dn

Khong cch ( cm )

Theo hng ng
- Cc cp c cch in bng cao
su c v bc bng ch, bng cao 300 - 400
su hay bng vinyl v khng c v
gai.
250 - 300
- Dy dn cch in cao su, ngoi
bc vi hay bc nha vinyl

Theo hng
ngang
250 - 300
175 - 200

Khi t cc dy dn v cp xuyn quy nh nh sau:

(i). Khi xuyn qua tng b tng v tng phi lun trong ng thp
hay ng cch in hoc qua cc l c hp st.
(ii). Cc ngn t bng kim loi phi t trong cc ng cch in hoc
qua cc l c hp st.
(iii). Cc ngn t bng vt liu cch in th cho php t trc tip.
Cc dy dn ni vo thit b c du ( nh n r le hi ) phi
c lp cch in chu du v c s bo v trnh cc h hng v c
hc.
Cc dy dn v cp rut ng nhiu si ni vo cc hng kp
u dy v thit b u phi c cc u ct hay cc vng khuyn
c p cht. Cho php un cc u cp thnh hnh vng khuyn v
hn li.
Cc rut dy dn v cp ni vo cc kp u dy phi c mt
di d tr cn thit khi b t c th ni li vo cc u kp
dy .
Cc dy dn, cp nhiu rut c cch in bng cao su c
tch ra nn bo v cho lp cch in bng cao su khi b lo ho bng
cch lun chng vo cc ng nha plyvinyl chu nhit, chu nh sng.
Cc dy dn ca mch th cp c s dng cc ng nha bng
nha plyclovinyl chu nhit, chu nh sng hoc bng si vi qut
sn cch in. trong cc gian nh m t th qut sn chng m.
Cc rut ca cp nhiu rut ch ra khi v bc phi dng bng
nha pliclovinyl, sau bng bng si vi, hay qun bng si bn ri
qut sn cch in.
Vic un cc dy dn bng nhm phi dng cc dng chuyn dng
cn ch : bn knh un gp 3 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy dn.

Phi dng km c m bng un cc dy dn v rut ra bng

nhm, khng cho php un i un li nhiu ln.
Khi phi ko dy dn qua cnh ca hay cc b phn thng phi
ng m ( ca t bng in... ) phi l loi dy c rut ng mm.
Trng hp ny ch c ni rut ng vi rut nhm bng cc kp u
dy, nhng phi ni qua bng hai vt ring.
i vi dy dn ( hay rut cp ) c mt ct 2,5 n 4 mm 2 nn
dng dng c chuyn dng bc v cch in, cho php dng dao
bc lp cch in. Nn dng cc dng c chuyn dng un rut
mt si dy ca dy dn ng v nhm thnh vnh khuyn khng
cho php un bng km loi c m bng.
Khi nh sch rut dy nhm phi dng giy nhp nh nh
mt lp sau nh sch bng bt vadlin thch anh hay vadlin
cng nghip. Cm dng dao co rut nhm. Sau khi nh sch v
lau sch phi bi mt lp bt nho vadlin thch anh hay vadlin ch
nguyn cht ri un thnh vng khuyn.
Khi ni dy dn ( hay cp ) rut nhm 1 si vo cc kp u
dy ca ng h v thit b, hoc vo cc hng kp u dy v.v...
phi lm nh sau:
(i). t thm vng m rng ca hoc vng m vnh ln cc u
dy un thnh vng khuyn.
(ii). p rut dy c nh sch v c bi bt nho vadlin thch
anh hay vadlin cng nghip vo u ct v t thm vng m
vnh ln cc u ct.
Phng php "(i)" nn dng cho trng hp kp u dy ca thit b hay
ca chi tit vi b mt phng c lp m v c vt tip xc ( cc r le
trung gian, my bin dng, hng kp u dy v.v... ).
Phng php "(ii)" nn dng ni vo cc ng h v thit b c kp
u dy kiu guging vn ai c ( cc ng h o lng t
bng, cc r le v thit b kiu t mt sau t, bng in )
Cc vng m vnh, l ca cc vng m rng ca phi ph hp
vi ng knh ca vt kp u dy.
p rut dy nhm vo u ct, nn dng km chuyn dng
km theo b khun dp tng t nh b khun dng cho rut ng nhng
c kch thc ph hp vi mt ct rut nhm v ng knh ca vt tip
xc.
3.5.2. Cc hng kp u dy.

Kiu hng kp u dy phi ph hp vi in p ca mch

in. Cc kp u dy thuc nhng i tng khc nhau phi chia
thnh tng nhm ring. Khi t chung cc kp u dy c in p
khc nhau th cc kp u dy ca mch in t 380/220V tr ln
phi c tch ring, phi c np y v phi c ch ch r s tr
in p.
Cc kp u dy ca mch ct hay mt rle tc ng ct i
qua khng c t gn nhng kp u dy c cc tnh hay pha
khc tn ca ngun in thao tc Gia cc kp u dy c cc tnh
hay tn pha khc nhau nn 1 s kp trng ( khng u dy vo ).
Cc kp u dy trong thit tr phn phi trn 1000V, cc cm
tip im ca my ct in v dao cch ly phi b tr khi kim
tra hoc x l chng, vn khng phi ct in mch s cp.
Cc kp u dy khng c h hng, cu bn v phi c c
nh chc chn. Cc hng kp u dy t trn cc ngn t thit
tr phn phi phi c cc hp che y chc chn. Khong cch gia
thnh hp dn cc kp u dy khng c nh hn 40mm. Cc mp
hp phi cch cc dy dn t nht 15mm.
Cc hng kp u dy c th t ng hoc t ngang,
cho php t nging cc kp u dy ( so vi mt t hoc bng ).
Khi t ngang th hng kp u dy di cng nn t cao hn nn
t nht l 30mm.
Khi t t hai hng kp u dy tr ln th khong cch gia
cc hng khng c nh hn 150mm.
Cho php t hai vng khuyn ca cc rut ng vo mt vt
ca kp u dy. Khng cho php t hai rut nhm vo mt vt
nu ch ni khng c nhng kp u dy c cu to c bit.
i vi cc kp u dy c kiu cm ch cho php t vo
mt rut ng hay mt rut nhm v mt pha.
3.5.3. Cc k hiu.
Cc dy dn ca mch th cp c ni vo hng kp u dy,
cc tip im ca ng h, thit b v bn thn cc hng kp u
dy u phi c k hiu bn chc v r rng ( bng sn, bng mc
sn... ) theo ng ch dn ca thit k.
Cc bin nh cui u dy ghi k hiu v cc ng ghen bc
cc u dy phi lm bng vt liu cch in. Ch cho php lm
bng kim loi nu nh chng khng chm vo rut mng in cc u

ct. Cc bin nh ny khng cho php lp vo u dy hoc rut

cp di hnh thc treo.
cho cc k hiu trn cc biu nh v trn cc kp dy khng
b m, b bm bn. Phi dng loi vt liu trong sut bo v
chng, hoc qut ln mt lp sn trong sut.
3.6. H thng c qui t c nh.
Cc quy nh trong mc ny c p dng kim tra v hng
dn lp cc t c quy axt v kim t c nh.
3.6.1. H thng thanh dn.
Nn dng cc thanh dn trn bng thp, ng, nhm.
Cc Puli hay cch in c nh thanh dn phi c lp
chc chn vo cc chn cch in hay mc cch in c trn thm
dy gai hay dy ay tm du sn.
Nu buc thanh dn trn vo Puli phi dng:
- Dy thp m km dng knh 2 - 3 mm ( dng cho thanh dy bng thp
).
- Dy ng ng knh nh nht l 2,5mm ( dng cho thanh dn
bng ng ).
Vic ni thanh dn v u r nhnh phi thc hin bng cch
hn. Ni thanh dn vi cc guging ca tm xuyn phi thc hin bng
ren c.
Cc u thanh dn ni vo c qui axt phi m thic v phi
hn vo u ct ch trn cc bn ni ca c qui.
Cc u thanh dn ni vo c qui kim phi c u ct hn
sn v c c nh vo cc u kp dy bng ai c.
Cc ch ni thanh dn thng phi tho phi bi mt lp vadlin
mng.
Tm xuyn phi c lp theo cc iu kin sau:
(i). Tm phi lm bng vt liu cch in khng chy, khng thm nc, chu c tc ng ca cht in phn bc hi ( aming, xi mng
tm nha, cht do vinyl, bxt ) khng cho php lm bng g dn,
cm thch, hoc cc vt liu cha bit c tnh cht chu cht
in phn bc hi d chy, d thm nc v.v... ).

(ii). Cc guging xuyn hay cc u c ren ca thanh dn trn mi

pha ca bn, phi c 2 vng m ch v thp l accu axt v bng
cao su v thp nu l accu kim cc bu lng m xuyn cng phi
m cht theo cc cch ni trn.
(iii) Khong cch gia thanh dn dng v thanh ci m gn nht
phi gp i khong cch gia cc thanh dn m. Trong trng hp
khong cch trn khng m bo th dn ra cc thanh ci dng phi
tng cng thm cch in (dng ng lt cch in hay s nguyn).
Cc kt cu v thanh dn bng thp khng nn t pha trn
cc bnh accu trnh cc hi ng v nc r vo accu.
3.6.2. Lp cc b accu.
Cc gi phi m bo cc yu cu:
- Cc gi nn lm bng g thng x loi I, kh, m khng qu 15%
v phi dng matt trt phng, cch hai lp du sn sng v sau
phi sn chn axit (vi loi accu axit) hay sn chn kim (vi accu
kim).
Cho php s dng cc gi bng b tng ct thp lp ghp
cho c accu axt v accu kim.
Mi gi khng c di qu 6m. B mt ca cc phin g phi
gia cng tinh, cho php dung sai v chiu dy v chiu rng l 2mm
v dung sai v chiu di l 30mm. Cc phin dc ca gi c ni
vi nhau bng mng c hai cht g, mi mng ni c t trn trc
cc gi phi t cho tht bng phng.
Cc accu phi t ln vt, cch in hnh cn cn cc m
cn bng t gia cc vt cch in v y bnh accu bng cht
do, bng ch. y ln ca vt cch in phi quay v pha trong, ni
tip gip y bnh accu cc vt cch in t trong khong 2 trc
v c gng t gn thanh ng ca cc bnh accu. Phi dng
niv v qu di kim tra vic t accu cho ngang bng thng
ng.
Cc bnh thu tinh ca accu axt khng c dt rn. Cc bnh
phi c knh y, kch thc ca tm knh y phi ln hn kch thc
trong ca ming bnh 5,7 mm.
Khi lp accu axt phi tun theo cc iu kin sau:
(i) Cc bn cc phi t song song vi nhau v khng c c cc vt nt
rn.

(ii) Khng cho php cm bn cc t nghing trong bnh v khng

ni bn cc trong cm bi cong.
(iii) Ch hn ui bn cc vo tm ni khng c b v, b bavia v
khng c cho ch chy theo bn cc.
(iv) Mi bnh thu tinh phi c 2 l xo bng cht nha clo vinhin
p cc bn cc cn pha i din vi bn cc phi m a cao su
to nn khe h gia bn cc v thanh bnh.
Khi lp accu kim phi tun theo cc iu kin sau:
(i) Accu phi c th t trn cc vt cch in hay cc ng thu tinh.
Trng hp ny trn phim g ca gi x rnh t ng, rnh phi
sn bng loi sn chu kim.
(ii) Gia y mi bnh accu v vt cch in hay ng thu tinh phi
c m lt bng cht do. Cho php dng tm lt bng tn c sn
nha ng. i vi accu nh khng nht nhit phi c m lt.
(iii) Khong cch gia cc bnh accu phi bng 50 mm. Nu c m
lt gia cc bnh th vn phi m bo khong cch trn.
(iv) Khi ni cc bnh accu phi vn cht cc ai c.
Khi rt cht in phn vo accu axt phi tun theo cc yu cu
sau:
(i) Dung dch nc ct v axitsunfua - rc dng lm cht in phn
phi m bo theo tiu chun hin hnh.
(ii) Mc ca cht in phn phi cao hn mp trn ca cc bn cc
t nht l 10 mm.
Khi rt cht in phn vo accu kim phi tun theo cc yu cu
sau:
(i) Cht in phn phi l dung dch hyrxyt kali hau hyrxyt
natri c pha thm mnhyrat hyroxtliti, dng nc ct iu ch
dung dch in phn.
(ii) Khi rt cht in phn vo accu mc cht in phn theo
bng II- 6.
Phi mt lp du vadlin ln trn mt cht in phn ca accu,
nu khng c vadlin th dng du ho vi s lng qui nh theo bng
sau y:
Mc cht in phn tr4n cc bn cc accu kim.

Kim accu

Mc cht in phn phi cao

hn bn cc (mm)
10-12
12-15
40
25
30
30
60

Lng du vadlin phi ln trn mt cht in phn ca accu

kim.

Kim accu

Lng du vadlin (cm3)

5
8
10
15
18
20

Cc bnh accu axt sau 2 n 4 gi k t khi xong cht

in phn vo accu, mi c np in. Phi np ng qui nh ca
nh ch to, sau ln np u tin phi t c dung lng t nht bng
dung lng ca ch phng 10 gi.
Vic np in c xem nhu kt thc khi:
(i) in p ca mi bnh accu trong lc np in gi nguyn khng
i mc 2,75 V trong 1 gi lin.
(ii) Nng cht in phn ngng tng trong 1 gi lin.
(iii) Cht in phn si mnh thnh nhng bt kh ln.
(iv) in p ca mi bnh accu sau khi ngng np l 2,05 - 2,1V.
(v) Khi phng in trong 10 gi lin tc dng in phng qui nh,
in p ca mi bnh accu cui thi k phng khng c nh hn
1,8V v in p chnh lch gia cc bnh khng c qu 0,1V.
Vic np accu kim c xem nh kt thc khi:

(i) in p ca mi bnh accu trong lc np in gi nguyn khng

i mc 1,8 - 2V trong 1 gi lin.
(ii) Khi phng in trong 8 gi lin tc vi dng in phng qui nh
in p trn mi bnh accu khng c gim xung di 1 vn.
3.6.3. Thit b ph.
Vic lp b chuyn mnh phi tun theo cc iu kin sau:
(i) Cc chi in phi trt theo cc phn tip xc v p cht vo
chng khi chuyn tip t phin ny sang phin khc, chi khng c
gy gin on mch in.
(ii) C cu ca b chuyn mnh phi lm vic mt cch nh nhng,
u n v dt khot.
(iii) S lng bnh accu phng in khng c vt qu s lng bnh
accu c np in ng thi.
(iv) S lng bnh accu c phng hoc c np phi tng dn ln, i
vi b chuyn mch truyn ng bng tay th tng s lng bnh bng
cch quay tay quay phng hoc tay quay np, theo chiu kim ng
h, cn i vi b chuyn mnh kiu phng c xec-v-mt-t th khi
tng s bnh th thanh ngang di chuyn ln trn.
3.6.4. Cch sn v k hiu:
Cc kt cu c nh cc Pu-li hay vt cch in v
thanh dn phi sn tht cn thn bng sn chu axt hoc chu
kim. C th dng sn men mu xm sng loi chu axt.
Cc accu axt hay accu kim t trong cc t ht, mt trong
ca t phi sn bng sn chu axt hay chu kim cho tng loi accu.
Cc bnh accu phi c nh s th t, s th t phi ghi
tn cc bin nh bng nha v gn vo phn gi accu.
i vi accu axt cho php dng bin chi cn vi accu kim cho
php dng bin thp c sn bng sn chu kim.
3.7- Cc thit tr t nhin nng cao h s cng sut.
Cc qui nh trong mc ny c p dng lp cc b t in
hoc tng bnh t in loi cch in giy tm du nng cao
h s cng sut ca thit tr in xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz v in
p n 10 KV.

3.7.1.Cc t in.
Khi lp cc t in phi tun theo cc qui nh:
(i). Cc t in mt pha phi b tr trn khung mi pha ca b t
hoc mi nhnh trong mi pha u c dao cch ly ring. Tng dung lng danh nh khng c sai khc vi dung lng trung bnh ca 1 pha
ca b t in, hay dung lng trung bnh ca 1 nhnh tng ng qu
5%.
(ii) iu chnh cc t in t theo hng ng v hng ngang,
cho php dng cc m cn chnh bng thp, cc m ny phi hn
lin vo khung.
(iii) Cc t in phi t sao cho cc nhn ghi thng s ca chng
phi quay v pha hnh lang phc v.
(iv) Khe h gia y ca cc t in hng di cng vi nn nh hay
vi y h gom du, khng c b hn 100mm.
Vic b tr cc thanh dn v phng php ni chng vo t in
phi m bo vic thanh t in c thun tin trong qu trnh khai
thc, mun vy cc t in phi c ni vo thanh ci chung ca b t
theo kiu phn nhnh bng cc u ni kiu cht cm.
H thng thanh dn khng c to nn lc un trn cc cch
in u ra ca t in.
Vic ni t t in phi lm theo cc yu cu trong mc ni
t.
c bit mi v bnh t phi c ni bng cch: ni v vi
khung t b t in hoc vi ng trc ni t.
Dy dn ni t phi oc b tr khng cn tr vic thay
cc t in trong khi khai thc.
3.7.2. Cch sn v k hiu.
S th t ca cc bnh t in phi k bng sn chu du ln
thnh bnh ca mi t in, v quay v pha hnh lang.
Cc cch in u ra ca cc t in phi nh s (1 v 2 i
vi cc t in 1 pha v 1,2,3, i vi cc t in 3 pha) bng sn
chu du ln np bnh, cnh nhng cch in u ra tng ng.
Th t cc s phi ging nhau i vi tt c mi bnh t in
(v d bt u t cch in tm nhn ghi thng s ca nh ch to).
S hiu ca mi nhnh phi ghi:

(1). cnh b truyn ng dao cch ly ca nhnh.

(2). Trn khung ca b t in hay trn tng gn nhnh.
(3). Trn cc ca trong trng hp nhnh c b tr trong tng thi gian.

Chng IV
Cc thit b in lc
4.1 - Cc my in.
Nhng qui nh trong mc ny p dng kim tra vic lp
t cc my in thuc loi cng sut v in p dng
truyn ng cc my mc (c cu) v bin i in nng. Khi
a n ni lp t my in, c th c lp t trn b hoc
gm nhiu b phn tho ri.
Nhng qui nh ny khng p dng lp t my pht
in tua bin hi, my pht in tua bin nc, tua bin kh, izen, my
b ng b, ng c in ca u ko, tu thu v cc my in
chuyn dng khc.
Vic ng in, cc my in xoay chiu khng cn sy phi
cn c vo cc kt qu kim tra s b cch in cc cun dy, kim
tra phi tin hnh theo qui trnh xc nh kh nng ng in vo
cc my in xoay chiu khng cn sy.
Khi cch in ca cc cun dy my in khng m bo,
nht thit phi sy v x l trc khi ng in.
4.1.1. Cc mng, gi trt v bulng.
B mt ca cc mng cha c cn chnh, ch c php c cc
ch
lm nh hn 10 mm, v nghing nh hn 1/100.
Cc m cn chnh my lm bng thp dt dy 10 20mm. Trng hp my hay khung my t cao hn mt mng 50

mm th cc ming m cn chnh c lm bng gang hay

bng thp vung.
Chiu di ca ming m cn chnh phi ln hn chiu rng
mt ca my t 50 - 75 mm v phi li ra ngoi mp my
c mi pha. Chiu rng ca m cn chnh phi bng 1/ 4 chiu
di ca n nhng khng c nh hn 50 mm.
Khi cn chnh ln cui cng t c ngang ca my,
c th dng cc m cn ph bng thp mng c dy cn thit.
Cc m cn ph ny c chiu rng, chiu di nh cc m cn
chnh chnh, cc m cn chnh phi thng u v cc mt phi
p kht vi nhau v p kht vo mt mng v mng.
Cm dng cc m cn chnh c hnh dng tu tin v vi s lng qu 5 (khng k cc m cn chnh ph). Khi my l hp
th cc m cn chnh phi t mi pha bulng mng v
nhng ch ti trng tp trung (tc di cc tr trc, di cc chn b
my v.v...) khi my khng c chn phi t cc m cn chnh
di tt c mi cnh ngang cng.
i vi cc my c a n ni lp t di hnh thc tho ri,
khi t cn chnh phi theo cc trc chnh v cc ct chun my.
my phi nng cao hn mt mng t nht l 30 - 40 mm
chn va b tng. Khi cn chnh cao t cc tr trc (Puli) v cc stato ca my, nn dng cc m cn chnh c chiu dy
trong gii hn l 3 - 7 mm.
Cc ai c c vn bng tay vo bulng mng, nhng khng c
lng. Bulng mng phi nh ln khi ai c hay ai c hm t nht l
21/2 ren. Di cc my ( khong gia ca my v mt mng)
phi b tng ng mc thit k. Trc khi b tng phi lm
sm mt mng, qut ht rc bn v dng nc ra sch mt mng
c tip sc c tt.
Chiu dy lp b tng di my phi theo ng qui nh
ca thit k, trng hp thit k khng qui nh th lp b tng ny
n mc thp hn mt trn ca my l 2 - 3 cm. Ring phn
trong lng ca my, th lp b tng ny phi n mc ngang
mt trn ca my, tr nhng ch cha ra sit cht bulng.
Nu lp b tng ny c chiu dy ln hn 100 mm th phi c ct
thp v ct thp ny phi c lin kt vi ct thp chnh ca mng.
Khi mt mng qu thp so vi ct thp thit k cho php t
my khi my hoc t my c trng lng n 20 tn trn cc dm
ch I c chiu cao khng qu 160 mm th khi cm dng cc m
cn chnh chnh v ph (ch c m cc ming cn chnh mng
iu chnh thng bng).

Khi lp t cc tr ca cc my m cc my c a
n di hnh thc tho ri, th phi tun theo nhng yu cu sau:
(i) Khi t cc tr thng ng phi m bo cho trc t my
ngang bng. Trng hp ny cho php t m cn chnh di tr .
(ii) Cc tr ca trt phi t tr s khe h ca rto (phn
ng) ph hp vi s liu ca nh my ch to. Trng hp khng c ch
dn ca nh ch to th:
- Khe h ca rto l 2 - 4 mm vi ng knh tr nh hn 200 mm.
- Khe h ca rto bng 2% ng knh trc vi ng knh trn 200
mm.
Khi quay rto trc khng c va p vo cc trc.
(iii) Mi tr phi c c nh ln b mng bng 2 cht kim tra.
(iii). Mt cc h du ca cc t my phi m bo sch s (khng r,
khng bm t bn).
Khi t cc , ln cc tm m cch in (do nh ch to
quy
nh) c cc quy nh sau:
(1) Cc bu lng c nh, cc cht kim tra, cc ng ng du, cc ng ng nc v v kim loi ca cp phi c cch in chc chn vi
cc tr cc trc.
(2) Cc tm cch in phi lm bng tcxtolt, fibrlt hay cc vt liu
p tng t. Cc tm m cch in phi nh ra ngoi ca cc tr
t nht l 5mm i vi cc ng cc vng m, v cc cht th cc
tm m cch in c chiu dy khng nh hn 2 - 3mm.
(3) Trc khi t cc trc vo cc , phi dng Mgomet 1000V
o in tr cch in ca tr trc vi my. Tr s in tr
cch in khng c nh hn 0,5 MQ i vi ng c in, v 1,0
MQ i vi cc my pht in. Khi xit cht cc bu lng c nh
tr v my. Cc kt qu o lng phi ghi vo bin bn hay h s
lp t my.
Phi chnh lp cc bc, trc kiu trt theo ng hng dn ca
nh ch to. Nu khng c cc ti liu hng dn th tun theo cc
iu kin sau:
(i) Lp ghp trc vo trt bi trn bng vng u theo kiu lp
lng cp 4 (C4) cho cc my d 1000 vng / pht v theo kiu lp
lng cp 5 (L5) cho cc my t 1000 vng / pht tr ln.
Khe h gia c trc v bc trc, phi tng ng vi cc s liu
bng sau y:
Khe h gia c trc v bc trc.

ng
knh Khe h gia c trc v bc trc c bi trn bng
danh
nh vnh du (mm)
ca trc (mm) Khi np ghp kiu lp Khi lp ghp kiu lp
lng cp 4 (L4) cho cc lng cp 5 (L5) cho cc
my di 1000 vng / pht my t 1000 vng / pht
tr ln
nh nht
ln nht
nh nht
ln nht
T 80 n 0,08
0,12
0,12
0,17
120
0,1
0,15
0,15
0,21
120 - 180
0,12
0,18
0,18
0,25
180 - 200
0,14
0,21
0,21
0,29
260 - 360
0,17
0,24
0,25
0,34
360 - 500
(ii) Cc bc ca cc trc phi p kht vo nhn gia cc c trc theo
mt cung t 60o n 120o, thng thng ch chnh lp cc b phn
lm vic ca cc bc di, cc bc trn ch c chnh khi truyn ng
bng dy curoa, dy curoa hnh nm v bnh xe rng kha.
(iii) Cc gc ca cc rnh trong bc phi c r tht bng v khng c
li ra ngoi mt u.
(iv) Khi cc mp bc c cc vnh chn kn, th khi chnh lp cc bc
vo trc khng c c qu 2 vt (m) trn 1 cm 2 b mt bc v
hon ton khng c c vt xc, vt r hay cc khuyt tt khc.
(v) My lm vic khng c sinh ra ma st gia cc mt mt ca bc
vi g sc ca c trc, khi xc nh cc khe h phi lm sao khi
trc quay th c trc khng chm vo phn trn ca o lt bc.
(vi) Cc bc trc phi p kht mt cch chnh xc v cc hc () v
cc np phi oc xit (vn) chc bng cc bu lng vo cc o lt
bc c nh (khng cn phi tho m) th phi dng inh vt hm m
nh v (c nh) vo tm np.
Vic lp t cc vng (vnh) trong ca hm ln trc v vic
lp t cc vng ngoi vo (hc ca thn my) phi m bo c
khe h hng tm gia cc vng v cc bi (bi trn hay bi a) trong gii
hn cc tr s cho php i vi cc trt khi cc vng khng c
quay trn trc v trong .
Vng chn kn cc ln (cc rnh du, cc vng pht, cc vng
chn hnh rng lc) khng c php l du vo phn trong ca
my hay r bn du ra ngoi.
Mt c trc ca my c trt phi tht nhn (khng c vt xc,
vt r v.v...) dung sai v chnh xc kch thc hnh hc xc nh
bng micromt hay Indicateur (dng c ch th) khng vt qu 0,02
mm i vi c trc c ng knh cha n 200 mm v i vi cc c
trc c ng knh trn 200 mm th khng qu 0,03 mm.

Nhit ca cc khi my lm vic khng c vt qu cc tr

s sau:
- i vi cc trc trt l 80oC
- i vi cc trc ln l 95oC.
Roto (phn ng) v Stato (phn ln).
Khi lp rp my in phi m bo s b tr i vi cc t trng ca (stato varto). Cc my in c stato loi ri th nhng ch
tho m phi lp ghp cho tht kht cht vic ni cc nhnh cun
dy v bc cnh in phi lm ng theo dn ca nh my ch to.
Chn ca stato phi c lp kht, cht vo b my. Sau khi cn
chnh ln cui phi dng cc cht kim tra (cht c nh v) c
nh stato ln b my.
Tr s cc khe h khng kh gia roto v stato gia roto v cc
cc chnh phi o c hai pha ca rto. Ti cc im i xng theo
ng knh khng c chnh lnh qu 10% tr s trung bnh ca cc
khe h.
i vi my cc m c ng knh rto 500 600 mm phi o khe
h ti 4 im i xng ca ng kinhs (theo trc ng v trc
ngang). i vi nhng my rto 600 mm th o 8 im ring cc my
cc li o di mi cc.
4.1.2. Cch ni trc.
Vic ni trc ca my in vi trc ca c cu hoc vi my
in khc bng dy curoa nh hoc dy curoa hnh thang phi
tun theo cc iu kin sau:
(i). Phn di ca dy curoa phi l phn dn ng.
(ii). Phn dy thm ca mi ni phi t quay ra pha ngoi ca dy
cu roa.
(iii). ng tim ca trc my in v ca trc c cu ghp ni vi n
phi song song. Cc rng rc (Pu-li) phi cng nm trn mt mt
phng.
(iv). Cc gi trt phi c di d tr cng thm dy cu roa khi
cn.
Vic ni trc my in vi trc c cu hay vi trc my in
khc bng khp ni, phi thc hin theo cc iu kin sau y:

(1) ng trn (ng trc) ca cc trc c ni trc tip vi nhau phi

thng u khng c gy khc. ng tim ca cc trc ni vi nhau
phi trng nhau, khng ph thuc vo cc ni cht, cng hay n hi.
(2) Cc mt u ca trc ni vi nhau theo kiu ni cht song song
vi nhau. Phi kim tra bng cch o khe h gia cc mt u trc.
Khi o phi tho cc bu lng ni trc v cc na khp ra trong phm vi
iu chnh. o tr s ca khe h ng trc v hng tm ti 4 im
khi quay c 2 trc vi cc gc 90o, 120o, 270o, 360o. Kt qu o khng
c chnh lch qu tr s cho trong bng nu. Khong cch gia
cc mt u ca cc na, mt ghp phi c xc nh theo cc ch
dn ca nh ch to, hoc theo cc khe h theo chiu trc rto cc
my in ni vi nhau.
(i). Cc l hai mt khp ni trng nhau.
(ii). Cc ai c ca bu lng ni phi c hm li trnh t tho lng.
chnh xc khi gia cng cc trc ca khp ni pu-li v bnh
rng, v vic lp ghp chng ln trc my in phi ph hp vi tiu
chun hin hnh ca nh nc v vi qui nh ca nh ch to.
Khi doa phi m bo ng tm ca l thng gc vi khp ni
u trc.
rung cc trc ca ng c in khng c vt qu cc tr
s:
-

Khi
Khi
Khi
Khi

tc
tc
tc
tc

quay
quay
quay
quay

3000 vng/pht l 0,05 mm

1500 vng/pht l 0,01 mm
1000 vng/pht l 0,13 mm
750 vng/pht l 0,16 mm

4.3. C gp in v b phn chi than.

C gp in phi tun theo cc yu cu sau:
- Mt c gp in phi lng bng.
- C gp in khng c c vt xc, bavia (g).
Cc gi chi than ca cc my in c vn chuyn n di
hnh thc tho ri, phi lp li ng theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
Nu khng c th phi theo cc yu cu sau:

(i) Khong cch gia cc gi chi than theo chu vi c gp c o

theo cc mp chi than phi bng nhau. Sai s cc khong cch ny
(ly tr s trung bnh) khng c php vt qu:
- 2% i vi cc my in di 200 kw.
- 0,5% i vi my in trn 200 kw.
(ii) Khong cch t mt c gp n vng chi than khng c ln
qu 2 ~ 4 mm (tu theo ng knh c gp v kch thc chi than).
Cc khong cch phi bng nhau c mp u v cui ca vng.
Mt trong ca chi than phi phng, u v sch, khng c vt xc
v g sc.
(iii) Cc gi chi than phi t theo th t hnh c cho mt
c gp mn u. Nh vy phi iu chnh cc chi than sao cho cc
chi khc cc k tip nhau trt theo mt ng trn mt phng c
ghp.
(iv) Cc gi chi than kiu mp vt phi t sao cho khi my quay
cc phin c gp chy hng v pha gc nhn ca chi.
Khi lp cc chi than vo gi , phi tun theo cc iu kin
sau:
(i) M hiu chi than phi ph hp vi s liu ca nh ch to vi kiu v
tnh cht lm vic ca my in.
(ii) Cn chi than phi lp theo vch du ca nh ch to, ng
thi cc my in c cc ph th cc chi than phi t theo ng trung tnh.
(iii) Cc chi than c th b lt vo vng chi than mt cch t do
vi khe h 0,1 - 0,4 mm theo hng quay, v 0,2 - 0,5 mm theo hng ng tim ca c gp, cc my in khuch i cc khe h ca chi
than trong cc vng khng c ln qu 0,08 - 0,1 mm theo hng quay
v 0,15 - 0,2 mm theo hng tim c gp.

(iv) Cc chi than phi p st ton b mt tip xc ca

chng vo c gp in.
(v) p lc ca chi than ln c gp o bng lc k phi ph hp vi m
hiu chi than (khong 150 - 250 g/cm 2). ng thi p lc ca tng
chi than khng c sai khc 10% so vi p lc trung bnh.
(vi) Cc dy bn mm dn in ca chi than phi c lp chc
vo cn gi chi than v chi than khng c x dch mt cch t
do trong cc vng .

(vii) Cc mp u (mp ti) ca chi than mi cn phi nm ln

cnh bn ca phin gp.
Ton b b mt lm vic ca chi than phi p kht vo c
gp in v p kht vo vng tip xc. Khng c treo lch ra ngoi
mp c gp v vng tip xc, v phi tnh n khe h.
C cu nng chi than ca ng c khng ng b rto kiu
cun dy, phi m bo ch nng c chi than ln sau khi ni
tt cc vng tip xc. Phi nh du v tr khi ng v lm vic
vo cn iu khin ca c cu nng chi than:
4.1.3. Thng gi bi trn
Cc v bn ca my in c thng gi cng bc phi c lp
cht vi thn my.
S r r khng kh nhng my c khng kh vo trong my
v kh nng xut hin ng nc phi khng ch ti mc ti thiu, do
:
a) Cc ng ng dn kh v cc ngn khng kh nng phi c cch
nhit. V d: bng aming tm dy 5 mm v ngoi c bc tn tm.
b) Tt c ch ni ca ng dn khng kh ... u phi c m lt
bng da hay bng n dng nha gn cht chng ln mt trong cc
mt bnh chn kn.
Cc b lm mt bng nc v tt c mi ng ng dn kh th p
lc, khng c c hin tng r r. Tr s p lc nc th nghim phi l
3 at. v thi gian th nghim ko di 5 - 10 pht.
Cc b lc khng kh bng du phi c v sinh v tra du vislin
hay du cc si (tu theo cu to b lc) c cu cung cp du phi hot
ng tt. Cc li lc khng c mc kt vo cc dn hng.
Cc thit b in lp ngoi tri phi c lp theo ng cc
iu kin sau:
a) Cc dy dn to nn vng quang in phi ko cng, phi loi
tr c s chn ng ca dy dn.
b) Tt c cc v tr du ni v cc kp u dy phi c nh sch
v ni chc, khng sinh ra tia la phng in trong khi thit b
lm vic.

c) Cc b phn kim loi khng mang in p ca thit b u phi c ni t chc chn.

Vic bi trn cc trt, phi tun theo cc iu kin sau:
a) Phi dng du ho ra sch cc , sau dng du ra li tht kh
ri mi du bi trn cho n du ca nh ch to vch trn knh
kim tra mc du.
b) Loi du rt vo phi theo ng ch dn ca nh ch to.
c) Du khng c r r ra ngoi trc. ng dn du v cc b phn
khc ca h thng bi trn khng c du rt vo cun dy.
d) Cc vng du bi trn phi quay u n khng c quay ngt
qung v nm im.
Cc ln ca my in phi tra m bi trn y 2/3 dung tch
ca . Loi m bi trn phi theo ng cc iu kin lm vic ca
cc .
4.5. Cc u dy ra v vo ngn. Cch sn. Cch k hiu.
Cc ch ni bn trong my in phi co sch v m thic cc
mt tip xc. Ni kiu bulng phi c bin php hm khng c
t ni lng.
Vic ni cc u dy ra ca my in vo li in phi ph hp
vi s ni bn trong ca cc cun dy ca my v vi thit k. Cc
y dy ra ca cc cun dy phi c k hiu r rng.
Cc ng c in ch quay mt chiu (khng c quay ngc)
v cc c cu chuyn ng phi c mi tn ch r chiu quay.
Cc my ng c qut gi vi cnh xin ch c quay theo chiu qui
nh ca nh ch to.
Cc truyn ng bng dy curoa nh v dy curoa hnh
thang, bnh rng khp ni v u trc phi c hp che hoc ro chn
bo v.
Trong trng hp phi sa cha phc hi li my, th cc cun
dy phi c qut sn cch in, cn cc u ni thanh dn bn
trong my, phi qut sn bng sn men m hiu ca sn cch in
phi chn ph hp vi ch dn ca nh ch to.
Trn thn my phi c k hiu theo nh ch dn trong thit k.

4.6 - Cc trang thit b khi ng - iu chnh v bo v

in p n 1000V.
Cc qui nh trong mc ny c p dng lp t cc thit
b khi ng, iu chnh v bo v in p n 1000V t trong
cc gian sn xut.
4.6.1. Cc yu cu chung
Cc b phn mang in ca thit b khi ng, iu chnh,
v bo v phi c che chn phng ngi v chm phi. Trong
cc gian c bit (cc gian my in v bng in, cc gian iu
khin...) cho php t h (khng c np, hp bo v) cc thit b.
Cc ca ra vo ca cc trm ng lc, cc bng t in ca
phng iu khin v cc thit b khc u phi c kho chc
chn.
Cc thit b u phi che chn trnh cc ngun nhit bn
ngoi (cc l cng nghip, l si. . .) nh hng vo.
Cch in ca thit b v cun dy bo qun lu trong
kho hay ngoi tri b m u phi c sy.
4.6.2. Cc khi ng t, tcte, ptmt.
Khi t cc khi ng t, tcte, ptmt kiu h (khng c hp
che) phi m bo khong cch ti thiu ( kh h quang) t bung
dp h quang n cc b phn mang in gn nht ca cc thit b
khc, v n cc kt cu ni t.
Khi t khi ng t khng c t nghing qu 5o so vi phng thng ng.
Cc b phn ng ca thit b phi chuyn ng mt cch nh
nhng v khi ng ct khng c mc kt. Cc dy ni nm bn
trong thit b khng c cn tr s chuyn ng ca cc b phn.
Phn ng in ca nam chm ng phi bt cht vo li thp. Cho
php h thng t c c ting ku r r u n chng t thit b
hot ng bnh thng.
Trn b mt tip im ca thit b khng c c cc vt chy
xi do nng qu, cc tip im phi nh sch theo ch dn ca
nh ch to v khng c bi m, cc phn tip im ca cc tcte
khi bt u chm vo nhau cho n lc ng hon ton, phi to
nn s tip xc ng trn ton b chiu rng, khng c ch h v

vnh, lch nhn c bng mt. Cc lc p, khe h chun ca cc tip

im chnh v ph phi theo ng ch dn ca nh ch to. Cc
bung dp h quang u phi c t vo v tr theo ng qui
nh trong cu to ca thit b.
Kho lin ng c kh ca cc tcte, ca khi ng t o
mch v.v... khng c cn tr n s ng t do v ng hon ton
chnh ca mi mt thit b c lin ng.
Cc thit b khi ng ct, phi tc ng dt khot khng chm
tr, khng b mc kt. Khi mt in hay rle tc ng, h thng
chuyn ng ca thit b tr v v tr ban u do tc ng ca l
xo tip im hay do trng lng bn thn.
4.6.3. Cc bin tr v in tr.
Khi t cc bin tr kiu cun dy hay kiu phin phi m
bo khng kh lm mt c th lu thng d dng t di ln v thot ra
pha trn bin tr, khong cch gia bin tr v sn nh t nht l
100 mm.
Cc bin tr c du phi c dy bin p n vch du b
phn ch mc du. Cc bin tr loi c thng c th h xung c, kh
t phi m bo cn li mt khong trng cn thit gia bin tr v
thng c h xung.
Cc li dao ca bin tr 3 pha kiu c cht lng phi c ngp
chm vo cht lng. Khi mi pha c 1 thng th dung dch trong c 3
thng phi c cng mt nng .
C cu ca bin tr phi lm vic nh nhng, trn tru, cc
bin tr c cc nc nh v th khi chuyn t nc ny sang nc khc
th phi nh v nc dt khot v chnh xc.
Cc chi in c p ln cc tip im tnh vi mt tip xc
t nht 75%.
Cc tip im kiu hnh trnh v cc tip im tn hiu lin
ng ca cc bin tr c truyn ng bng ng c phi hiu
chnh m bo tin cy. Khi bin tr truyn ng bng xch th cho
php xch c di ng t do trong gii hn na mt xch.
Khi lp cc hp in tr phi m bo cc phn t in tr
trong hp u trn mt phng thng ng. Khng cho t cc
in tr gn nh nhng b phn pht nhit. Khng cho php t
chng ln nhau qu 4 hp in tr ( m bo n nh v trnh

pht nng qu mc). Khi c gi th cho php t chng ln nhau

khng qu 7 ci. Khong cch t cc b phn mang in ca cc hp
in tr n cc ro chn bng kim loi kn (khng c l rng) t
nht l 100 mm.
Vi in tr c hp phi m bo cho lung khng kh d dng lu
thng t di ln lm mt cc b phn in tr.
Cc l xo b tr p cc cm in tr, phi tip xc cht n ht
c.
Cch in ca cc dy ni vi hp in tr phi bc i 1 on
t nht l 100 mm t u cc. Khng c t dy dn c cch in
bn trn cc bin tr. Khi ni cc hp in tr vi nhau nn dng thanh
dn hay dy trn.
4.6.4 Trm iu khin, b khng ch (controleur ) cng tc
hng trnh, nam chm hm.
Cc bng ca trm iu khin phi t trn mt chung
(bng st L hay st U) chn vo nn nh. Cc mt phng, cc
trng cha lp thit b trn bng phi dng tn bt li.
Cc tip im ca b khng ch phi c hiu chnh ( h
xung v lc p ca con trt) theo ch dn ca nh ch to. Khi mi,
r cc con trt v m hnh qut phi dng a mn khng c dng
giy gip.
Cc puli ca tay n dng tch m cc tip im trong b
khng ch v trong thit b iu khin kiu cam, khi di chuyn theo
bnh cam phi quay v khng c trt.
Cc tip im ca b khng ch kiu tang trng (cc con trt v
m hnh qut) phi c bi mt lp mng vadlin cng nghip. Cn b
khng ch kiu cam v thit b iu khin, khng c dng vadlin
bi ln cc tip im.
Tang trng hay trc ca b khng ch v ca thit b iu
khin, phi quay nh nhng khng b hm v phi c sn nh v
chc chn tng nc ca n.
Chiu chuyn ng ca tay quay v v lng, nn b tr tng
ng vi chiu chuyn ng ca c cu b iu khin.
Cc rng trong b truyn ng bnh rng v trong b iu tc
phi n khp vi nhau trong sut hnh trnh ca n. B truyn ng
phi c bi trn v khng b hc kt khi lm vic.

Phi kim tra s lm vic chnh xc ca cc tip im ng

trong cng tc hnh trnh theo biu trnh t ng cc tip
im. Cc b phn phi chuyn ng nh nhng, khng b hc kp.
Khng c bi m ln cc tip im ca cng tc hnh trnh.
Vic lp t v hiu chnh cng tc hnh trnh (cc khe h
v lc nn ca cc tip im) phi lm ng theo ch dn ca nh
ch to.
Vic lp nam chm in xoay chiu vi b truyn ng hay
b hm, phi m bo mt nhn phn ng ca nam chm khi
b ht hon ton phi chm vo mt nhn ca li,
Cc mt ny phi sch, khng c c vt lm v phi c lau sch lp
vadlin bo qun. Nam chm in khng c ku qu to.
trnh cho phn ng ca nam chm khng p vo y
ca n th: khi v tr ca phn ng khng c tin n gii hn,
m phi cch ng mt khong cch t nht l 10% ton b hnh
trnh.
Hnh trnh ca li nam chm hm in mt chiu, phi c
hiu chnh v tr ng th li khng dnh lin vo np v
tr st li , khng c tin n gii hn m phi cch y mt
khong t nht l 10% ton b hnh trnh.
m cn khng kh ca nam chm hm, phi c hiu chnh khi
ht li khng b p mnh vo ct ht hnh cn v khi hm in
nhanh v dt khot.
4.6.5
n.

Nhng c im khi lp thit b trong cc gian d

Khi lp cc thit b in trong gian d n phi theo ng cc

ch dn ca nh ch to. c bit phi thc hin ng h qui nh
gia mt tip gip ca tng b phn v chng n cu thit b. Cc
mt tip gip phi c lau sch, bi bn v sn khng c h hng. Cm
sn hay bi du m ln cc mt tip gip. Phi xit u cc bulng c
nh cc b phn v chng n ca thit b, mc du trong cc thit b
c du, phi tng ng vi vch du ca nh ch to. Cc thit b b tr
sao cho cc khe h mt bch ca v bc loi khng b xuyn thng, khi
n phi nm cch xa mt tng v thit b cng ngh t nht l 100
mm.
4.6.6. Cch sn v cch k hiu:
Cc bng iu khin, bng t, thit b khi ng iu chnh
b in tr, cu ch, u phi ghi k hiu ch s chng thuc v
ng c hoc my mc no. Ngoi ra cn phi ghi dng in danh
nh ca dy chy.

Cc b khng ch cc thit b iu khin, kho chuyn mch

vn nng, ngoi cc k hiu trn s cn phi ghi r cng dng v
chc nng ca chng. mi v tr tay quay chy ngng tin li.
Phi c mi tn ch chiu quay ca v lng hoc tay quay, truyn
ng ca thit b. Mi tn phi v ch d thy khi iu khin b
truyn ng.
Cc n tn hiu, ng h v thit b bo hiu u phi c
ch ghi gn nh t. Bn trong t cng phi ghi r k hiu ca cc
ng dy v dng in danh nh ca dy chy.
4.7 - Thit b in ca cc my trc chuyn v cc dy
(thanh) trly.
Cc qui nh mc ny c p dng lp cc thit b in
ca my trc, my vn chuyn hng, my luyn cc, xe ch, bng ti
my, luyn kim c bit v cc phng tin trc chuyn khc t
trong nh v ngoi tri.
Mc ny b sung cc yu cu c bn nu cc mc khc v
vic lp cc dy dn v thit b khi ng iu chnh.Trong mc
ny cn qui nh cc yu cu lp t dy trly phn xng v
my trc.
4.7.1. c im khi lp cc dy dn:
Vic lp t c mi loi dy trn cc my trc phi theo quy
nh trong chng 6 t dy dn in ca ti liu ny v phi
tun theo cc iu sau y.
Cch b tr dy dn phi m bo thun li cho ngi n kim
tra trong khi vn hnh. Phi bo v dy dn t cc b phn c
kh ca my trc hay do du m bi trn ri vo dy hoc do b qu
nng v cc ngun bc x nhit trong phn xng.
Khi cc dy dn c bc cch in t ni (tr cc dy dn c
cch in bng cht do) phi theo ng cc qui nh sau:
a) Khng c t qu 2 lp dy dn trn cc cu lm bng cc st
dt v thanh st c khoan l lp ghp, hoc lm bng thp tm
dy 2 - 3 mm, k c khi t trong mng v hp theo dc cu.
b) bo v dy dn khi b h hng c hc hay b du ri vo, c
th t trong cc ng thp hay hp thp.
c) C th b cc dy dn ko t nhng ng c in khc nhau
n bng iu khin, bo v khng ch v.v . . .

d) bo v u dy dn khi h hng do chn ng phi kp cht

chng. V tr kp cht ny phi cch ch ni vo thit b mt khong
t nht l 100 mm.
Khi t dy dn trong cc ng phi tun theo iu kin sau:
a) Cho php t dy dn c cng dng khc nhau trong cng mt
ng (tr mch in chiu sng).
b) Cc ng ng trn my trc t trong cc gian c mi trng bnh
thng khng cn bt kn.
c) Vic ni di cc ng, hp trong cc nh nhiu bi, c cha cc hi
hay kh c tc dng ph hoi cch in dy dn, trong cc gian nh
d chy n, hoc trn cc my trc t ngoi tri phi thc hin
ng cc yu cu trong chng 6 t cc dy dn in.
d) Phi c nh cc ng c ng knh dn 3,4 pt nhng on
thng vi gin cch 1,5 m v vi gin cch 2,5 m i vi ng c ng
knh 1 pt tr ln.
nhng ch dy dn i ra khi ng v i vo cc cng tc
cui hnh trnh, thit b v kho iu khin, phi bo v dy bng
ng ghen cch in.
4.7. 2. Nhng c im khi lp cc thit b khi ng iu
chnh.
Cc bng iu chnh (hp iu khin) hay cc cng tc t
nn t cc ng kt cu vi vng m cao su dy 4 - 5 mm gia
ca thit b v kt cu.
Cc ng c in, thit b iu khin v in tr khi t
ngoi tri phi c che ma, theo ng thit k.
Khi lp cc b khng ch v iu khin phi tun theo cc yu
cu sau:
a) Khong cch gia cc b khng ch phi theo ng thit k, v
phi bo m cch nhau 100 mm v phi m bo vic kim tra hay
sa cha c thun li.
b) Tay iu khin v v lng phi t cao t nht l 1050 mm
v khng cao qu 1,50 M so vi nn iu khin.
c) Chiu chuyn ng ca tay iu khin v v lng phi ph hp vi
chiu chuyn ng ca cn trc, xe ra v cp.
Khi lp cc hp in tr phi theo ng cc qui nh sau:

a) Khi s hp t chng ln nhau qu 2 hp, phi c nh c pha

trn trnh chn ng.
b) Cc hp in tr phi c b tr v ro chn sao cho c th loi tr
c kh nng ngi v l chm phi trong lc lm vic.
c) Cc phn t in tr phi b tr theo mt phng ng v mt
phng ny nn trng vi hng chuyn ng ca cn trc my trc.
Khi t cc tip im cui hnh trnh v cc thc ct phi
theo ng cc yu cu sau:
a) Khi cn gt t c gc quay quy nh th tip im cui hnh
trnh phi ct ngay mch iu khin ng c in tng ng v khi
cn gt quay v v tr ban u th phi phc hi mch .
b) Cc tip im cui hnh trnh hay cc hn ch hnh trnh ca c
cu nng phi t sao cho mc cp ca my trc ngng li cch v
tr gii hn trn cng t nht l 200 mm.
c) Cc bulng c nh tip im cui hnh trnh phi c ai c hm.
Chiu di v v tr thc ct ca tip im cui hnh trnh phi
m bo cho cn trc hay xe ra ang di chuyn phi ngng li cch
trc hm gii hn t nht l 200 mm. Khi thc ct phi hon ton loi
tr c kh nng tip im cui hnh trnh quay v v tr ban u,
ngay c trong trng hp cn trc hay xe ra tip tc di chuyn cho
n lc ng phi tr gi hn. Chiu rng thc ct cng phi
tnh n kh nng cn trc xe ra b lch ngang.
Khong cch theo hng thng ng gia thc ct vi ng tim ca
cn gt, khng c lch qu 2% so vi kch thc thit k.
Thc ct v kt cu ca n phi c kh nng iu chnh c. Sau khi
lp thc xong, phi dng bulng hm c nh chc chn.
Cc thc ct hn ch hnh trnh ca 2 my trc k cnh nhau,
phi m bo cc my trc ngng hn khi cn cch nhau 0,4 m. Khi
cc thc ct phi m bo iu kin nu trn, khng cho
tip im cui hng trnh quay v v tr ban u.
Cc tip im, cc bulng chn v l so dng a cc cng
tc s c v cng tc kiu li dao tr li v tr ban u, phi c
hiu chnh theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to.
trnh lm h hng s tip xc gia cc phin ca b chnh lu
bn dn t b chnh lu trn m n hi.
Cc thit b hm cn phi:

a. Lm vic nhanh dt khot, khng b va p.

b. v tr nh th gia ai phanh hay guc phanh (m phanh) v
puli phi c khe h u (1 - 2mm).
c. Khng cho cn trc v cc b phn ca n (mc, gu, ngom, xe ra)
chy theo qun tnh qu gii hn thit k 15 - 25 mm. Cc bu lng c
nh nam chm, phi c ai c hm.
Ghi ch: Vic lp rp v hiu chnh cc b phn c kh ca phanh
phi do n v lp rp c kh lm.
4.7.3. Cc dy hoc thanh trly.
Cc dy trly t dc dm cn trc phi m bo ngi
v khng chm vo khi ng sn cn trc, bung iu khin v
sn ngh; hoc c phi ro chn theo ng thit k. Li chn gia
dy trly chnh v bung iu khin cn trc phi c chiu rng
nh cn trc.
Khong h gia cc b phn mng in ca dy trly vi
nhau v gia cc b phn mang in v cc kt cu khng cch in
vi t phi t t nht l 500 mm.
Cc hp cu dao cung cp in cho cc dy trly phn xng v cu dao ca cc on dy trly dng cha cn trc
phi c cc tip im nhn thy khi chng v tr ct, cn iu
khin cu dao phi c c cu kho, v tr ct v phi c cc ch
th v tr ng ct.
4.7.4. Cc thanh trly lp cng.
Cc thanh trly phi c nn thng, chng phi c c
nh chc loi tr kh nng x dch theo phng hng thng gc
vi ng tim ca thanh.
Trn ton b chiu di ca chng, cc thanh trly khng c
lch khi ng tim chnh ca chng qu 10 mm theo mt ngang v
20 mm theo mt phng ng.
Vic t cc b dn n nhit phi lm theo cc iu kin sau:
a) Khe h gia cc u thanh ch khe co dn ca nh phi m bo
cho m nhn in c th trt qua c d dng v t do. Mp ca mt
tip xc ca thanh ch khe h phi c da trn nhn.

b) im chnh gia mi thanh trong hai ci b dn n phi c c nh

cht. Cn nhng im khc phi c nh sao cho thanh vn x dch
dc c.
Cc on thanh trly bng thp dng sa cha cu trc,
phi cch ly vi cc thanh chnh bng khong h khng kh, phi mi
da nhn mt ca cc thanh m nhn in khi b kt, khi
trt qua ch ni thanh. Phi t gi c hai pha ch ni.
Dy dn ni vo thanh trly bng thp treo cng phi c
u ct v c th c nh u ct ny trc tip vi thanh hoc qua
mt ming hn p.
Mt tip xc ca ming thp hn c hay ca thanh trly, phi c
nh sng bng v bi mt lp mng vadlin cng nghip. Nu mi trng c ho cht n mn, th sau khi ni xong phi qut ln mt lp
sn chng n mn. Cc ch ni bng bulng phi c hm cht
trnh t tho. Trn cc thanh trly phi t n bo hiu c in.
Cc dy dn hay thanh dn trn t dc theo thanh trly
bng thp cung cp in cho chng, phi tip xc chc chn vi
cc thanh.
Khi dng dy dn hay thanh dn nhm, th phi ni chng vo cc
thanh trly theo ng thit k.
4.7.5 Cc dy trly treo vng.
Cc dy trly khng c x dch khi ng tim gia theo
phng thng ng ca cc gi dy qu 20 mm.
Cc kp u dy phi cho php iu chnh lc cng dy. Khi
lc cng dy trly di 600 kg th cho php c nh dy bng
cch buc ln cc vt cch in, cn khi lc cng trn 600 kg phi dng
cc kho kp thch hp.
Khi cn trc hay xe ra ca my trc quay n v tr tn cng,
th m nhn in ca n cch ph kin c nh u dy trly
t nht 200 mm.
ni dy cung cp in vi dy trly mt ct trn, phi
dng cc u kp c bit. cung cp in cho pa-lng in
(tlphrch) c th dng dy dn di ng hay cp mm, c c nh
vo cc vng khuyn, cc vng khuyn ny di chuyn cng vi pa-lng
in dc theo cp thp hay theo mnray trn cc con trt c bit.
4.7.6. Cc m nhn in.

Khi lp t m nhn in ln cc kt cu c nh gn my,

trc (my nhn in chnh) hau ln xe ra (m nhn in ca xe ra)
phi theo ng cc yu cu sau:
a) Khi my trc di chuyn m nhn in phi m bo tip xc chc
chn vi thnh hoc dy trly trn sut chiu di ca chng.
b) B phn tip xc ca m nhn in kiu trt, khng c c cc cnh
g sc.
c) ng cch in ca bulng chnh c nh m nhn in phi
tt.
d) Cc l x bulng c cch in ca m nhn in vo kt cu
phi c khot rng ph hp.
e) Cc l xo phi c hiu chnh thch hp.
f) Phi m bo c vic d n gn cc m nhn in kim
tra v sa cha. Trng hp c li chn gia bung iu khin v cc
thanh trly chnh phi c ca i ti kim tra sa cha m
nhn in.
i vi dy trly mt ct trn, phi m bo khng gy tr
ngi cho m nhn in kiu puli v kiu trt, cc gi dy trn sut
chiu di ca dy trly.
4.7. 7. Cch sn v k hiu.
Cc kt cu di cc thit b v dy hoc thanh trly, cc
hp, cc ng thp v cc b phn khng mang in cho ca gi
u phi sn.
Cc thanh trly bng thp, tr mt tip nhn in ca
chng, u phi sn khc mu vi cc cu kin ca nh ca, v x
dm cu trc (nn sn mu ). ng thi ch ni vi ngun in
phi nh du cc hai pha. Trn cc thanh trly phi t cc bin
bo nguy him c in. Cc u dy dn phi c k hiu theo thit
k. K hiu c ghi trn cc bin bo nh bng nha, g, php, cc
tng (cm dng bng kim loi) v c buc vo dy gai (cm dng dy
thp) cng c th dng ng ghen bng nha trong, lng vo u dy
ghi k hiu.
Thit b khi ng iu chnh v bo v, u phi c k
hiu theo ng cc yu cu iu nu trn.
4. 8.

Cc thng thanh dn c ln.

Cc qui nh trong mc ny dng lp h thng thanh dn

t h c ln c nhiu thanh trong 1 pha hay trong 1 cc cc phn
xng in phn, l in, hn in v cc trm bin i in,
mc ny b sung cho cc qui nh ch yu v h thng thanh dn
trnh by chng II cc thit b phn phi v trm bin p.

Vt liu cch in ca dy dn phi ph hp vi iu kin ca

mi trng xung quanh, ngha l phi chu c tc ng v ho, v
nhit v v c hc.
Trong cc bung my bin p l in, cch in cc dy
dn ca pha th cp, c th dng cc kp g kh tm du sn hay
parafin.
Khi thit k v lp h thng thanh dn mt pha c ln phi trnh
to nn nhng mch vng kn bng vt liu dn t bao quanh thanh
dn.
Dy dn cc gian nh sn xut phi c phn bit bng cch
qut cc vch sn mu thch hp cch 100 mm ch dy dn i vo
hay i ra khi nh v c 2 pha ca ci b dn n nhit.
Thanh dn trm i in, cho php sn kn hay sn thnh
tng vch trn ton b chiu di. Mu sn nh qui nh chung .
Cc b phn bng kim loi c nh thanh dn, gi thanh
dn, cc tm kp .v.v..) u phi sn.
Cch b tr thanh dn trong h thng thanh ci phi theo ng
thit k.
Thanh dn hp (c tit din hnh hp) phi ni vi nhau bng hn. Th
hn phi c chng ch hn c cc thanh dn bng kim loi mu.
Que hn v thuc hn thanh dn phi m bo ng yu cu k
thut hn.
Trong mi trng c tnh n mn, mt ngoi ch ni thanh dn
bulng hay bng tm kp, phi sn chng r theo ch dn trong thit
k.
Cc kt cu bng kim loi (thp) t gn cc thanh dn, phi c
cc vng kh t lm bng vt liu dn in, gim bt s pht
nng ca kt cu do nh hng ca t trng, theo ch dn trong thit
k.
4.9 - Thang my
4.9.1.Cch t dy dn in v dy dn in trong bung
li.
Cch in t dy dn trong gian my, trong ging thang v
bung thang my phi tun theo cc quy nh trong chng VI cch
t dy dn in v cc yu cu sau:

a) Phi dng cc dy dn hay cp cch in bng cao su hoc loi

cch in tng t. Khng cho php s dng cp in v cp kim tra
c cch in giy tm du.
b) Mt ct nh nht ca cc rut cp v dy dn phi l 1,5 mm 2 i
vi rut ng v 2,5 mm2 i vi rut nhm. Phi s dng dy dn
rut ng, cc mch iu khin t hng kp u dy ca cc tng
v hng kp u dy trong bung thang n cc thit b bo him,
v cc mch d hng do phi chu va p hay rung ng thng
xuyn (kho chuyn mch tng, tip im ca, cng tc ca cc
thit b bo him v.v..)
c) Khi lp bng iu khin, cc thit b v cc dy ni chng vi hng
kp u dy, phi dng cc dy dn hay cp rut ng loi nhiu si
c mt ct nh nht 0,5 mm2.
d) Mi u dy dn phi c k hiu theo thit k.
Dy dn in vo bung thang, phi l cp mm nhiu rut
hay dy mm nhiu si, c lng trong mt ng chung bng cao su
mm. Khi phi c t nht 2 rut cp hoc 2 dy dn d phng.
Cc cp v ng mm phi chu c ti trng c hc do trng lng bn thn. C th treo dy dn vo cp thp tng thm kh
nng chu lc c hc.
Cc cp v ng mm lng dy dn phi c b tr v c nh
m bo bung thang chuyn ng chng khng b c st vo
cc kt cu thang. Cp thp trong ging thang khi dn in bng
nhiu cp hay nhiu ng mm th nn b chng li vi nhau.
Trm t phi t thng ng, nghing cho php theo phng thng ng khng c qu 5 mm.
Cc hp v bng t thit b phi c c nh chc chn.
4.9.2. Ni t:
Vic ni t thang my (my nng) phi tun theo cc yu cu
trong chng 5 ca ti liu hng dn ny v cc yu cu sau:
a) Phi ni t nhng b phn bng kim loi ca thit tr thang my
c th mang in p khi cch in ca cc b phn mang in b
hng.
b) Cc u ng v v bc bng kim loi u phi c ni tt bng
cch hn (c th lm thiu).

c) ni t cc bung thang nn dng mt trong cc rut cp hay rut

trong cc dy dn cp in. Nn li dng cc vt sau y lm
dy ni t b sung mn chc kim loi ca cp v cp thp chu lc
hoc k c cp thp chu lc ca bung thang.
d) Khi b phn truyn ng, thang my v cc thit b c t trn
cc m gim sc v m cch m, th cc dy ni t phi c
cc vng b tr.
) Cc bung dn hng bng kim loi, cc i trng v cc kt cu kim
loi ca ro chn ging thang, u phi c ni t.
Khi h ni t hon thnh, phi kim tra s lin mch v
in gia cc b phn c ni t v dy ni t ni vo thang
my. Khi khng c c nhng ch t mch, nhng ch tip xc
xu .v.v...
Cc kt qu kim tra ni t phi lp thnh bin bn.

Chng V
Cc thit b in chiu sng
Lp t thit b in cho h thng chiu sng trong nh v
ngoi tri cn thi cng v kim tra theo nhng ch dn ny v ti
liu " Thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t trang thit b trong
cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip " do cng tc gi son tho.
5.1. Yu cu chung
Cc u dy ca cp v dy dn rut ng, nhm ni vo cc
thit b, t in, n v.v.. phi theo cc quy nh trong chng ny
v chng v "Cch t dy dn in". Cc u dy ni vo cc
thit b, t in v n phi di tha 1 on d phng cn
ni li khi dy b t.
Cc b phn kt cu ca thit tr chiu sng nh: Gi , mc,
hp, cn, cc chi tit c nh lin kt v.v. . . u phi c m hoc
sn chng r.
5.2 - n chiu sng

Phi kim tra vic b tr cc n chiu sng theo dy dn v

theo quy nh ca thit k. Khi lp t cc n chiu sng
ni cng trnh kin trc c hoa vn v cc vt trang tr thm m v.v. .
. th phi theo ng v tr quy nh ca thit k.
Hng chiu sng ca n phi ri thng xung pha di nu
khng c quy nh ring ca thit k.
Cc
chu gp
nu thy
cha. i
80 kg.

kt cu c nh thit b chiu sng phi tnh ton sc

5 ln khi lng thit b, ng thi phi ph hp vi sc chu
cn thit phi c ngi ng trn n thao tc lp rp v sa
vi gi hoc ct treo n chm phc tp phi tnh cng thm

Mi n pha u phi c iu chnh tiu c cho ng theo

hnh dng m sng trn mt phng ng, nu khng c mt
phng ng th m sng c ly theo mt phng ngang khi thn
n pha t nghing n gc ln nht, sau iu chnh li gc
nghing ca n theo thit k. Sai s gc quay v nghing ca ng tim n khng cho php qu 2 o. n pha phi c c nh chc
chn vo b phn quay.
n chiu sng kiu kn, kiu phng bi v cc kiu tng t
u phi c giong, phi chn kn l t dy vo n nu n khng
c np y.
n chiu sng cc gian nh d n phi lp cht c giong kn.
Cc ai c tai hng v.v... phi vn cht, ch lun dy dn vo n
phi chn chc chn ph hp vi cu to ca n.
Khi ni n chiu sng vi dy dn trong cc nh , nh cng
cng sinh hot, cc xng sn xut nn dng cc kp u dy.
cc li in quy nh phi ni t thn n vo dy trung
tnh th khng c ni vo dy pha. Quy nh ny khng qui nh
cho cc dng di ng v n bn (v chng c ni vo li in
bng phch cm).
Vi trung tnh ni t, th thn n chiu sng ni t c
thc hin nh sau:
- Khi dy n t ni th dy ni t ca n vi dy trung tnh
phi l dy mm v im ni t tr c nh gn n nht.
- Khi dy dn bc cch in nm trong ng thp lp vo thn n
li mt chi tit chuyn dng th thn n c ni dy trung tnh ti
ngay n.
Khng c lm h hng dy dn ch lun vo n v cc tip
im ca ui n khng c trng thi chu lc c hc.

Cm ni dy n bn trong gi hay trong ng dng lp

t n. Dy dn bc ch phi c c nh chc chn trn tng
hoc gi .
Cn treo n nu dng ng thp th phi c chiu dy thch
hp chu lc c hc v phi c c nh chc chn vo gi
n.
Dy dn cung cp in cho cc n chiu sng cng cng phi
dng dy mm rut ng vi mt ct 0,4 mm 2 cho n trong nh v
1 mm2 cho n ngoi tri.
Dy dn cung cp in cho cc thit b chiu sng phi c
cch in chu c in p xoay chiu 500 vn v in p 1 chiu
1000 vn.
Dy cung cp in cho thit b chiu sng cc b phi dng
hai dy mm rut ng, mt ct nh nht l 1 mm 2 khi n t
trn kt cu c nh.
ng thi phi tun theo cc yu cu sau:
a) Cc dy dn phi t trong ga hoc c bin php bo v
dy khng b h hng do lc tc dng c hc.
b) Dy dn bn trong cc b phn c bn l khng c b cng hoc
xon.
c) Cc l lun dy dn vo trong cc gi phi c ng knh ti
thiu l 8mm, ch cho php mp mo cc b cn li l 6 mm. Ti
nhng ch lun dy vo phi dng cc ng ghen cch in.
d) Cc kt cu di ng ca thit b chiu sng phi loi tr kh nng
lm thit b chiu sng x dch hoc u a.
nhng ch lun dy dn v cp vo n v thit b t
ngoi tri phi c giong kn.
Thit b chiu sng trn my trc hay trn cc thit b chu
chn ng, chu rung phi treo bng cc ph kin kiu n hi.
nhng ni cc vt d chy, n, nguy him ( k c trong
nh v ngoi tri) th phi loi tr kh nng ngi v chm vo dy
dn, ui n, v bng n.
Trong bung nh , cc b n chiu sng bng kim loi treo vo
mc c nh bng kim loi phi c vng m cch in.
5.3. Phng tai nn trong cc thit b ca h thng in chiu
sng.

Cc my ct h p v cu chy kiu nt vn phi c u vo

li in sao cho khi tho nt vn ra th pha sau cu chy hoc
my ct h p khng cn in na.
Cng tc tip im thng t ni i vo nh (pha trong
hoc ngoi) nhng phi b tr sao cho chng khng b che khut khi
m ca. Cc cng tc bung tm, h x phi b tr ngoi ca.
Cc my m in (cng t) t trn bng, t tng phi c
c nh chc chn. cao t my m in theo thit k quy
nh.
Khi dy dn in t ni, cc thit b u phi t trn
m cch in dy t nht 10 mm nu cu to ca thit b khng c
loi chuyn dng lp trc tip ln tng.
5.4 Cc bng in phn phi.
Phi t cc bng in trong t thp c ca bng thp hoc
ca thp ghp knh c kho; ng thi phi c l lun dy bt kn.
Yu cu ny p dng cho cc i tng sau:
a. Cc bng in t trong cc gian in v phng th
nghim.
b. Cc bng in t cao t 2,5 m tr ln (tr cc bng
in t trong bung thang my ca nh v nh dn dng).
c. Cc bng in m t thp l 1 phn kt cu ca bng in
.
d. Cc bng in c my m in t trong nh .
e. Cc bng in t trong hc tng.
Khi t bng in gia cc b phn trn mang in v cc b
phn kim loi khng mang in th phi m bo c khong cch
nh nht l 20 mm tnh theo b mt cch in v 12 mm tnh theo
khong h khng kh.
S u in trong cc bng v ch ni vi ng dy cung
cp in phi m bo khng c in p trn cc b phn ng
ca cc thit b ng ct (my ct h p li dao ca cu dao) khi
chng v tr ct.
Cc tip im ni dy vo v dy ra vi bng phi t
ch d kim tra, sa cha. Cc bng c cc tip im b tr v tr
pha sau phi l bng biu bn l hoc phi m bo khong cch
t mt sau ca bng n tng theo qui nh trong bng V - 1
Bng V - 1
Khong cch nh nht t bng in n tng

Kch thc ca bng in tnh

theo b ngang, mm

Khong cch nh nht t mt sau

ca bng n tng mm

400
500
800
1200

200
300
400
600

Cc l lun dy dn vo cc hp thp (t) v cc ngn t

bng vt liu dn in phi c cc ng ghen in.
Cc bng in phi nh k hiu ch r: S hiu, cng dng
ca bng v s hiu ca tng l ra. Khi trn cng mt bng c nhiu
loi in khc nhau th phi c cc k hiu r rng v sn mu phn
bit cho tng loi in.
u ni cc thit b vi bng in phi ng thit k v phn
b ph ti u gia cc pha.

Chng VI
H thng ni t
Khi lp t h thng ni t cc thit b in xoay chiu
v mt chiu phi tun theo cc hng dn v thi cng v nghim thu
vit ti chng ny.
6.1 Yu cu chung.
Phi ni t cc b phn kim loi ca cc thit b in v ca
cc thit b in c th mang in p nu cch in b hng.
a. i vi in xoay chiu hoc mt chiu c in p t 500
vn tr ln trong mi trng hp.
b. i vi in xoay chiu v 1 chiu c in p trn 12 vn
cc gian nh nguy him v c bit nguy him cng nh cc thit
b ngoi tri.
Khng phi ni t cc thit tr in xoay chiu n 12 vn
v thit tr in 1 chiu 110 vn tr trng hp c quy nh ring.
Trong cc gian d n v cc thit tr d n t ngoi tri,
phi theo nhng yu cu khc vi mi trng bnh thng nh sau :
a. Cc thit tr in xoay chiu di 127 vn v 1 chiu di 220 vn
u phi ni t.

b. Khi ni t phi dng dy dn trn hoc dy bc cch in

chuyn dng ni t hay cc dy trung tnh. Vic li dng cc kt
cu nh ng, dn v ko, v ch ca cp v.v... ch c coi l bin php
ph.
c. Cc tuyn ni t chnh phi c u vo cc vt ni t t nht
2 im v nn ni ti cc u hi ca nh.
Cc b phn phi ni t l:
a- V my in, my bin p, cc thit b, cc n chiu sng v.v....
b- B truyn ng ca cc kh c in.
c- Cc cun dy th cp ca my bin in o lng.
d- Khung ca t bng in phn phi, t iu khin v cc t, bng
in khc.
e- Cc kt cu kim loi ca trm bin p v cc thit b phn phi
ngoi tri, v kim loi cc hp cp, v kim loi ca cp ( k c cp kim
tra v dy dn) ng thp lun dy dn in v.v....
g- Cc ro chn, li chn hay tm chn bng kim loi bo v cc
b phn mang in, cc dn, cc x, cc sn thao tc kim loi v cc
b phn khc c th mang in p.
h- Cc ct thp v b tng ct thp ng dy dn trn khng. Vic
ni t cc kt cu phi theo ng quy nh ca thit k.
Khng phi ni t:
a- Cc ph kin v cc thit b lp t trn ct g ng dy dn
trn khng v trn cc kt cu bng g ca trm bin p ngoi tri sau
y nu khng c yu cu phi bo v trnh qu in p kh quyn.
- Ph kin ca cch treo in.
- Chn cch in cng ( tige ).
- Cc gi , cn n v chp n.
b- Cc thit b t trn cc kt cu kim loi c ni t, nhng b
mt tip xc gia thit b v kt cu kim loi phi c nh sch v
khng c sn.
c- V cc dng h o lng in, trm bin p v cc x nghip cng
nghip.
d- Cc b phn thng phi tho hoc m ra cc t thit b phn
phi, cc ro chn, cc t, cc ca, cc khung bng kim loi v.v... c ni t.
g- Cc dng c s dng in c cch in cao gp i.

Cho php thay th ni t ca tng ng c in, cc thit

b khc t trn cc my bng cch trc tip ni t thn b my
ci, nhng phi tip sc tt gia thn thit b in v b my.
Nhng b phn cn ni t ca thit tr in phi dng dy
ring ni vo h ni t chnh. Cm ni lin tip nhiu b phn
cn ni t vo h ni t bng mt dy ni chung.
Khi thc hin ni t nn tn dng cc vt ni t t nhin.
a- Cc ng dn nc v ng kim loi khc chn di t, tr ng dn nhin
liu lng, ng dn nhin liu kh d chy n.
b- Cc ng ti nc.
c- Cc kt cu kim loi ca cc cng trnh xy dng chn t mt
phn.
d- Cc tm c bng kim loi ca cc cng trnh thu li v.v...
e- Cc v ch ca cp chn t ( tr v nhm ca cp phi cch in
vi t). Trng hp ch dng v cp lm vt ni t th t nht phi c
2 cp.
Cc vt ni t t nhin phi c ni vi h thng ni t chnh
t nht ti 2 im khc nhau. Yu cu ny khng quy nh cho trng
hp cc ni t lp li ca dy trung tnh v cc v kim loi ca cp.
Bng VI-1.
Cc kch thc nh nht ca vt ni t bng thp v ca cc dy
ni t.
STT

Tn gi

Dy dn trn
/ knh mm
Dy dn mt ct
Mt ct mm2
ch nht
Chiu dy bn
Thp gc
mm
ng thp kim loi Chiu dy thnh
khng hn
ng
Cc
ng
thp
thnh mng hn Chiu dy
in

2
3
4
5

n v o lng

Cch t dy dn
Trong
Cc thit b Chn di
nh
ngoi tri
t
10
10
12
64

64

64

2,5

2,5

2,5

1.5

Khng cho php

lm cc vt ni t nhn to nn dng:
a- Thp gc hay cc kim loi ng thng ng v.v...

b- Cc thanh thp dt, thp trn v.v... t nm ngang kch thc nh

nht ca cc vt ni c quy nh trong bng VI-1, mi trng d b
n mn nn dng cc vt ni t m ng hay m km.
Nn p dng cc vt ni t kiu chn su, nhng vt ni t
ny c kt hp t trong lc thi cng mng cc cng trnh xy
dng dn dng v cng nghip cng nh dy dn in trn khng.
6.2 t cc dy ni t.
lm cc dy ni t th trc ht phi s dng:
a- Cc dy trung tnh ca cc li in cung cp.
b- Cc kt cu kim loi ca nh ( cc dn, ko, ct ...).
c- Cc kt cu kim loi dng cho sn xut ( cc dm, cn trc, cc
khung thit b phn phi, cc lan can, cc sn thao tc, bung thang
my, cc my nng, my cu v.v...).
d- Cc ng thp lun dy in.
e- Cc v ch v v nhm ca cp.
g- Cc ng kim loi, ng dn nc, thot nc, ng dn nhit v.v... ( tr ng ng dn nhin liu v kh d chy n ) u c th dng lm
y ni t cho cc thit tr in di 1000 vn.
Trong cc trng hp k trn, cc dy dn dng ni t u
phi c ni chc chn vi h thng ni t hay vi dy trung tnh.
Cc dy dn hay cc b phn ni trn c th lm cc vt
ni t duy nht nu chng tho mn c cc yu cu chung ca chng ny.
Dy dn ni t thng thng dng bng thp. Yu cu ny
khng p dng cho cc dng c hoc thit b dng in di ng, cc
ng cp chiu sng thuc h thng 3 pha 4 dy v nhng trng hp
dng thp s gp kh khn v mt kt cu.
Cc dy dn ni t bng thp phi c mt ct khng b hn
cc s liu nu trong bng V-1.
Cm dng cc dy dn trn bng nhm chn trong t lm
cc vt ni t hay dy dn ni t.
cc thit tr in di 1000 vn th dy dn ni t bng
ng hoc bng nhm phi c mt ct khng b hn cc s liu
trong bng VI-2.
Bng VI-2.
Mt ct nh nht ca cc dy ni t bng ng v nhm
cc thit tr in di 1000 vn.
STT

Tn gi dy dn

Mt ct dy dn mm2

1
2
3

Cc dy dn trn khi t h
C dy dn cch in
Cc rut ni t ca cp hoc ca
dy dn nhiu rut trong v bo v
chung vi cc dy pha

Bng ng Bng nhm

4
6
1.5
2.5
1

1.5

Cc dy ni t cho cc dng c dng in di ng phi nm

trong v chung vi cc dy dn pha v bng mt ct ca dy pha
.
Rut dy dn v cp dng cho cc dng c dng in di ng
phi l dy mm, phi c mt ct nh nht 1.5mm2.
Cc dy ni t t trong nh u phi ni d n
gn kim tra, nhng yu cu ny khng p dng cho:
- Cc rut trung tnh v cc v ca cp.
- Cc ng lun dy t chm.
- Cc kt cu kim loi chn di t.
Cc dy ni t phi c bo v trnh cc tc ng c hc
v ho hc, ch dy ni t giao cho vi cc cp, cc ng ng, ng st v cc ch khc c th gy ra cac h hng c hc u phi
c bo v.
Dy ni t nhng ch xuyn tng phi t trong cc hc tng, trong ng hoc trong cc vt bao che cng.
Ni cc dy ni t vi nhau phi m bo tip xc chc chn
tt nht l bng hn trc tip. Chiu di mi hn phi bng 2 ln
chiu rng ca dy khi dy c mt ct ch nht hoc bng 6 ln
ng knh dy khi dy c mt ct trn.
Vic ni dy trung tnh ca cc mnh in v ca dy dn
in trn khng cho php thc hin nh phng php ni cc dy pha.
Trong cc gian nh m t v c cc hi hay kh c hi ( n
mn ) th vic ni t u nn hn. Trng hp khng hn c th
cho php ni bng bulng, khi phn tip xc ca dy v kho ni
phi c lp bo v.
Vic ni dy ni t vi vt ni t ko di ( nh ng ng nc)
phi thc hin ch cha vo nh bng hn. Nu khng th hn c
th dng cli v mt tip xc ca cli vi vt ni t phi bo c
in tr ni t cn thit bng cc bin php k thut thun tin. Cc
ng h o nc, cc van v.v... phi c on ni t.
Cc dy trn ni t phi t h phi t ng hay t
ngang, cho php t cc dy ni t song song vi cc kt cu t
trn ca nh. i vi y ni t mt ct ch nht phi t mt
dt ca y song song vi b mt ca kt cu. Trn cc on t
thng ca dy khng c c cc ch un ln v gp khc m mt c
th nhn thy c.

Cc dy ni t mt trn b tng hoc trn gch phi c bt

cht trn cc vt ( Puly s... ) cch mt tng t nht l 5mm, trong
cc gian nh m t hoc c hi n mn th phi cch mt tng t
nht l 10mm. Cn trong cc gian nh kh ro khng c mi trng n
mn th cho php t trc tip dy ni t bng thp dt nn
mt b tng thay gang. c nh thanh ni t nn dng inh gn
v sng bn chuyn dng s c hiu sut cao.
Trong cc rnh, cc dy ni t phi t cch mt di cc tm an t
nht l 50mm. Khong cch gia cc vt y ni t cc on
thng l 600-1000mm.
Cc dy t h trong nh khi giao cho vi cc rnh ( nhng
ch c ti trng nng di ng qua li ) phi c bo v chc chn
trnh b h hng c hc.
Cc dy ni t khi t ngang qua cc khe ni gin n ca pha
( khe co gin ) phi c vt m n hi co gin . dn in ca vt
m phi bng dn in ca on dy ni t c cng
chiu di.
Cc tm hay gc ni dy ni t di ng tm thi phi c
lm sch v bi vadlin. Cc tm hay cc gc ny phi hn vo cc
dy ni t hoc cc kt cu kim loi c ni t ca cc h
thng thanh ci trn cc t phn phi, cc trm bin p ngoi tri.....
t dng lp rnh cp c t dy ni t phi khng c
v rc ri ln vo.
Cm dng cc ng dn nc n mng n gia sc v n cc
thit b vt sa tri chn nui gia sc lm dy ni t.
Ni cc dy ni t vo kt cu c ni t phi bng hn,
cn khi ni vo cc v cc thit b, cc my in v.v... c th dng hn
hoc dng bu lng bt ni, ch hay b chn ng, hay b rung
phi c bin php chng hin tng t tho ca ai c ch tip xc
( dng ai c hm vng m hm v.v... ) khi ni t cc thit b thng
hay b tho ra hoc t trn cc b phn chuyn ng phi dng cc
dy mm.
B mt tip xc ch ni dy ni t vi kt cu hoc thit b
v.v... phi c nh sch v bi mt lp vadlin mng.
Yu cu ny phi c thc hin i vi cc mt tip xc gia v thit
b, cn iu khin, b truyn ng vi cc b phn khc ca thit b, t
trn cc kt cu thp, trn cc ngn t, trn cc khung thp ca t thit b
phn phi, trn cc gi v.v...
Ghi ch:

1- trnh lng ph khng nn s dng cc ng thp lm cc vt

ni t nhn to, ch nn dng cc ng thp khng hp cch l ph
liu. Nn s dng thp gc hoc thp trn.
2- ng knh nh nht cu dy ni t ghi trong bng V-1 cng p
dng cho c dy trung tnh ca mch in v ca dy dn trn
khng kh dng ni t. Khi c ng knh ca dy trung tnh 1
si phi bng ng knh ca cc dy pha.
6.3 Ni t cc thit b phn phi.
Cc u dy cn ni t ca cun dy th cp my bin in
o lng c ni vo bu lng ni t trn v ca my bin in y
hoc c ni t hng kp u dy theo ch dn ca thit k.
Cc cun khng in khi cc pha b tr ngang phi c ni t
bng cch ni trc tip dy ni t vo cc bu lng ni t trn cc
cch in . Khi cc pha t theo phng thng ng th cc cch
in ca pha di cng phi c ni t. cc dy ni t bng
thp khng c to nn mch vng kn bao quanh cc cun khng
in.
6.4 Ni t thit b in ng lc.
Khi cc my in t trn cc gi trt th dy ni t phi bt
vo c 2 gi trt. Cc mt tit xc gia my in v gi trt phi theo
ng iu trn.
ni t cc my cng c ( cc my ci v.v... ) cc dy ni t
hoc cc ng thp c ni t ca cc dy dn in phi c ni
vo v my, khi phi m bo s ni thng in tht tt gia v
thit b in v v my cng c k c cc mi ni ng.
Thit b in t trn cc b phn ng ca my c cung
cp in bng cp mm phi c ni t bng mt rut dnh ring
trong cp .
C th dng ng ray, dm cu trc trong nh xng lm
dy ni t cho cc thit b in ca my trc.
Cc ng ray, dm cu trc c dng lm dy ni t cc thit
b in ca my trc trong nh hoc ngoi tri ( tr cc gian nh d
n ) u phi c ni chc chn vi h thng ni t 2 ch cc
ch gip ni ca cc ray, dm cu trc phi dng cu ni mm hn p
vo bo m cho mch in c lin thng. Thit b in t

trn cc my trc va xe ra trong cc gian bnh thng phi c ni t

theo ng quy nh cc iu trn.
Trong cc gian c nhiu bi khng dn in ( xi mng, tro, t
lm khun v.v... ) th trc cc bnh xe ca cu trc v xe ra ca cc
my trc phi t cc chi gt bi ra khi ray khi my trc v xe ra di
chuyn.
ni t cc thit b in ca cc my trc cc thit tr d
n phi dng rut th t ca cp cung cp in cho my trc .
6.5. Ni t mch in v ng cp.
Khi ni t v kim loi ca cc cp th v kim loi v ai thp
phi ni vi nhau v ni vi v hp cp, ( phu cp, hp ni ) bng dy
ng mm. Khi khng yu cu phi dng cc dy ni t c
dn in ln hn dn in ca v cp. Nhng trong mi trng hp
phi m bo mt ct ca chng khng c nh hn 6mm2 v
khng c ln hn 25 mm2.
cc thit tr c li dng v nhm ca cp 3 rut lm dy
trung tnh, phi tun theo quy nh v cch lp dy trung tnh.
Cc u ct c lp dy ni t phi thc hin bng cch p hoc
hn.
i vi cu ni mm ni t th mt u ca cu phi dng
dy thp cun cht vo v v ai thp ca cp ri hn li, cn u
kia ca cu th dung bu lng ni vo cp v kt cu kim loi c ni
t.
Ch ni cc cu ni vo v nhm ca cp sau khi hn song phi
bi nha ng ( t phan ) hay sn glptan hoc sn du. Trong cc
gian m t, cc tuy nen v cc rnh, ch hn phi qut bng bitum
nng. Mt ct cu ni mm phi tng ng vi mt ct cc dy ni
t thit tr in .
Cc ng thp lun dy dn in dng lm dy ni t hay
ni t phi c ni chc chn. Khi cc ng trn t h c th
dng ng ni c bi bt ch hoc mt loi kt cu khc c s tip xc
chc chn.
Khi ng t ngm ch c dng ng ni c bi bt ch.
m bo tnh lin tc ca mch ni t phi m bo cc yu cu
sau:
a- Trong mi trng hp ng lun dy t ngm v i vi trng hp c
li trung tnh ni t m ng lun dy th t h, cc ch ni ng
phi hn thm 1; 2 im v mi pha ng ni, cng cho php hn cu
ni bng kim loi c dn in.
b- nhng ch ni ng vo cc hp, cc kh c v v thit b in
phi dng loi " ai c ng ni " ( Rc co ) ni t hoc cc bin

php khc bo m tip xc tt v in hay ni vo hp, ( Hm, t,

v ) bng cch hn p cc cu ni kim loi c dn in.
cc li in chiu sng phn nhm cm dng v kim loi ca
ng lun dy dn hoc v ch ca dy dn lm dy ni t.
Trong cc gian i hi phi ni t cc v th chng phi
c ni t chc chn trn ton b chiu di, cc ng ni v hp ni
ng phi c ni vo v kim loi ca ng lun dy bng cch hn hay
bng bu lng.
V kim loi ca ng lun dy, v ch ca cp phi c ni t
vi cc t nhm, t cung cp hay t phn phi bng dy ng bn
nhiu si mt ct bng 1.5 - 2.5mm hay bng cli thp phi c
kp cht v v ni t v phi hn p vo v.
ni dy ni t vo v kim loi ca hi, t, bng, v.v... phi
hn p hay dng inh vt. Trng hp dng inh vt th ch ni dy ni
t phi c nh sch.
6.6. Cch sn v nh du.
ch cc dy ni t chui vo nh phi c cc du hiu d
phn bit.
Cc dy ni t t h, cc kt cu, dy dn v thanh st
dt ca li ni t u phi sn mu en tr cc dy trung tnh.
Cc dy ni t t h c php sn mu khc cho ph hp vi
mu trang tr tng nh, nhng cc ch ni v ch r nhnh ca chng
phi k t nht 2 sc mu en cch nhau 150mm.
Trc khi lp t cc dy trn ni t t h v chi tit c
nh chng phi c nh sch v sn ht mi mt. Cn ch ni th
sn sau khi hn xong cc mi ni.
Trong cc gian m t v c cc kh n mn phi sn bng loi sn
chu c tc ng ho hc.
ch dng ni vi dy ni t lu ng phi nh du bng
sn vit ln tng v k ch ni t, k hiu ni t.
Khng nn sn cc vt ni t v cc dy ni t chn di t
sau khi nghim thu cc mi hn u phi qut bitum khp mi mt.

o
o

Chng VII

cch t dy dn in
Cc hng dn trong chng ny p dng lp t v nghim
thu cc dy dn in ng lc v chiu sng in p 1 chiu v
xoay chiu n 1000 vn trong nh v ngoi tri bng dy dn
cch in v cp khng c v thp mt ct b. Cn dy dn trn
phi tun theo chng VIII sau y.
7.1. Yu cu chung
Kiu, mt ct v loi dy dn do thit k quy nh theo ph
ti v c im ni t.
Ch ni v phn nhnh cc dy dn v cp khng c chu cc
ng sut c hc. Ch ni v phn nhnh rut cp v dy dn phi c cch in tng ng vi cch in nhng ch cn nguyn vn.
Phi dng cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh ni cng nh phn
nhnh cc dy dn trong cc hp bt kn, trong cc ng v trong cc
ng lng mm bng kim loi khi t h cng nh khi t ngm.
Cu to ca cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh phi ph hp vi cch
t dy iu kin mi trng.
Bn trong cc hp c np ng m c v cc mng nn ni v
phn nhnh dy dn bng cc kp chuyn dng c v cch in m
bo.
ch dy dn chui ra khi hp, mng, ng cng v ng lng
mm bng kim loi u phi c bo v trnh h hng. nhng
ch dy dn giao cho vi cc mi ni co dn phi c vt b tr co dn.
Khng quy nh cao lp t cch nn nh hoc sn nh
cho dy dn cch in c bo v, dy dn lun trong cc ng thp
v cc ng lng mm bng kim loi, cp mm lm vic trong iu
kin nng. nhng ch dy dn v cp c th b h hng do c hc
th phi c bo v thm.
Cc ng cch in c v kim loi, cc ng giy bo v dy
dn in, cc cp v ng lng mm bng kim loi cn phi c nh
vo cc mt . Vi khong cch c nh l: 0,8 - 1 m vi ng 0,5 0,7m vi dy dn, cp v ng lng mm bng kim loi.
Khi t song song vi cc ng ng th khong cch t dy
dn v cp n ng ng t nht l 100 mm v phi ch cc ng
ng nhin liu lng v kh t nht l 250 mm.
Khi t gn cc ng c nhit cao th dy dn v cp phi
c bo v chng tc hi do nng hoc phi dng doi dy dn v cp
thch hp.

Trong cc hp v mng, dy dn v dy cp phi t cch

nhau mt khong l 5mm thnh tng dy. Cho php t dy dn
ni trn thnh tng b khng qu 12 giy v cc b phi cch nhau t
nht l 20 mm. Khi cc b dy dn phi c c nh cht bng
cc vng kp, vng ai v.v).
Khi cc hp t dy b tr thng ng hay t quay np
xung di th bt buc phi c nh cht cc dy dn.
Trong cc gian i hi phi ni t th cc hp v cc mng
t dy dn ni vi nhau phi to nn mt mch in lin tc trn
ton b chiu di ca chng.
Cc dy dn t h phi phi hp vi cc ng nt kin trc
ca nh v cng trnh m bo m thut.
Chiu di ca cc dy dn t trong cc gian m t (git,
tm.v.v.v) cng ngn cng tt. Cc dy dn nn t bn ngoi cc
gian ny v n chiu sng nn t gn dy dn trn tng.
Dy dn t theo b mt kt cu b h thng xuyn nung nng (ng dn khi, ng dn kh l v.v..) khng cho php t kn. Khi
t h trn b mt ng dn khi, ng dn kh l .v.v... th nhit
ca khng kh xung quay dy dn khng c vt qu 35oC.
nhng on thng ca tuyn dy, cc vng kp dng c
nh dy dn, cp v ng c t trc tip trn mt phi cch
u nhau. Trn cc on thng v cc ch vng, cc vng kp phi
t thng gc vi ng tim t dy dn.
Khi dng cc vng ai v cc vng kp bng kim loi c
nh dy dn th phi lt cc m cch in.
Cc inh dng c nh dy dn vo cc kt cu cng trnh
thng dng sng chuyn dng thi cng hoc dng cc bin php
khc thch hp. Cc inh phi c la chn v c nh ln cc mt
theo ng ti liu hng dn.
Cc vng kp bng kim loi dng c nh dy dn, cp v
ng thp u phi sn chng r.
Cc dy dn t ngm phi c 1 on d phng t nht 50
mm cnh nhng ch ni trong cc hp phn nhnh v cnh ch ni
vi cc n chiu sng, cng tc v cm.
Khi dy dn t ngm th cc hp ni, cc hp t cng tc,
cm cng phi t chm trong kt cu xy dng sao cho mt
hp ( mt cng tc, cm) ngang bng vi mt tng.
Trong cc cu kin c sn thnh tm ln v cc khi ln ca cc
cng trnh nh ca c sn xut nh my, cng trng th cn lm
sn cc rnh t dy dn in, cc hc t cng tc,
cm, cc hp phn nhnh v cc bng in ph hp vi bn v thit k
cc cu kin .
Cc rnh v cc hc cha li phi bng phng. Chiu dy ca lp
bo v tim rnh ng, hc phi m bo t nht l 10 mm.

7.2. t dy dn in ln cc vt cch in (cc puli, cc

cch in, cc kp dy ...)
Khi t dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v ln cc puli
cch in th cao t dy phi cch mt sn t nht l 2,5 m.
Nhng trng hp sau y cho php t dy cch mt t 2m.
- Vi in p ti 40 V tr ln cc gian t nguy him.
- Vi in p di ti 40 V cc gian khc.
- cc gian sn xut cng nghip
Quy nh ny khng p dng cho cc sn phc v ca my trc
v cho nhng ch kp dy n cng tc, thit b khi ng.
Cc gian nh sn xut, nhng ch kp n cng tc, cm, cc
thit b v bng in u phi c bo v trnh h hng do tc
ng c hc v phi t cao t nht l 1,5m so vi nn nh
hau sn cng tc.
nhng gian sinh hot ca x nghip cng nghip, nng
nghip, cc phng nh v phng sinh hot qua cc cng trnh cng
cng th on dy ni vo cng tc, cm v bng in .v.v..
khng cn thit phi bo v chng h hng c hc.
Bng VII.1

1.
2.

3.

4.

Cc phng php c Khong cch cho php (m) vi tit din dy dn

nh dy dn
(mm2)
Di 2,5
4
6
10
16-25 35-70 Trn 95
0,8
0, 0, 0,8
1
1,2
1,2
Trn cc puli
8
8
1
2
2
2
2,5
3
6
Trn cch in

t trn tng
v trn nh
Trn cch in
t trn tng
khi dy dn
in
t
ngoi tri
Trn cch in
t theo dn
gia cc tng
hay cc ct
i vi dy
dn c rut:

- Bng ng
- Bng nhm

6
1,5

12 t 12 - 15
6 6
12

T 12 - 25

Khong cch gia cc ng tim cc dy dn cch

in loi khng c nbo v ca cng 1 mch hay ca cc
mch khc nhau t trn cc vt cch in khng c
b hn tr s nu trong bng VII-2 sau y:
Bng VII - 2
Khong cch nh nht gia cc ng tim ca dy dn cch
in loi khng c bo m t trn cc vt cch in
S
TT

1
2

Cc phng php c Khong cch cho php (mm) ng vi mt ct

nh dy dn
dy dn (mm2)
Di 10
Trn cc puly hoc 35
cc kp dy
Trn cc cch in
70

16 - 25
50

35-50
50

70-95
70

120
100

70

100

150

150

Cc chn in kiu cong, cc gi cng vi cch in phi c

nh chc vo vt liu chnh ca tng. Cc puly hoc cc kp dy
dng cho cc dy dn mt ct 4 mm 2 tr xung c th c nh ln
lp va trt hay ln g lt mt phng.
Cc puli v cc cch in gc nh phi t cch trn hoc tng k bn 1,5 - 2 ln chiu cao ca puly hay cch in, cc puli hay
cch in ch xuyn tng cng theo khong cch nh trn.
Cc dy dn cch in mt rut loi khng c bo v phi
dng dy thp mm buc cht vo puli hay cch in. cc gian
nh m t v ngoi tri th dy thp buc phi c qut sn chng
r. Ch buc dy dn phi c qun bng cch in bo v. C
th dng cc vng khuyn hay dy nha mm (pliclovinyl) c
nh dy dn loi khng c bo v vo puli hay cch in (tr cc
v tr gc v cc u cui).
Cc ch kp cht dy dn phi m lt khng h hng cch
in.
Vic t dy trn cch in phi theo quy nh sau:
- Cch in trung gian - t dy c hoc nh cch in.
- Cch in gc: t c cch in.
- Cch in no cui: Dng kho hm.
Quy nh ch ni dy r nhnh phi thc hin ngay ti puli hoc cch
in.

i vi dy dn c cch in v tr gc, cui, r nhnh vng

qua x v.v... phi dng bng vi, hoc dy gai buc vo puli.
Khi dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v giao cho nhau
m khong cch gia chng nh hn tr s bng VI - 2 th dy cp
c mt ct ln hn phi lun trong ng cch in v phi c c
nh chc chn. Nu cc dy cch in loi c bo v m khong
cch gi chng nh hn 10mm th ph p dng bin php nh trn ca
iu ny.
Khi dy dn cch in giao cho vi ng ng th khong cch
gia chng t nht phi l 50 mm i vi cc ng dn nhin liu lng
hay khi th khong cch t nht phi l 100 mm hoc dy dn phi
lun trong ng cch in hay ng thp t trong rnh.
Khi giao cho vi ng ng c nhit cao hn nhit bnh
thng th phi c bin php cch nhit thch hp.
Khi dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v xuyn qua tng
th hi lun dy trong ng cch in cng v phi c nh.
pha trong nh kh ro phi dng ng lt cch in cn m t v pha chui
ra ngoi phi dng phu.
ng dy xuyn qua vch ngm v vch g gi cc gian nh kh
ro cho php lun trong ng cch in c v kim loi trong ng dy kim loi.
Khi dy dn cch in loi khng bo v xuyn qua t gian nh
kh ro ny sang nh kh ro khc, cho php tt c cc dy dn c
cch in ca cng 1 ng dy lun chung trong 1 ng cch in.
Trong cc trng hp khc (t ni kh ro vo ni m t v.v...) t mi
dy phi lun trong mt ng cch in ring, khi dy dn i vo ni
m t c nhit , m v.v... khc nhau th c 2 pha u phi
trt kn bng nha cch in. Khi dy dn chui t gian kh ro sang
gian m t hoc chui ra ngoi tri m phi ni dy th ch ni phi
t pha kh ro.
Dy dn cch in v cp i xuyn t tng ny sang tng khc
ca nh phi lun qua ng hoc l cha sn trn cu kin. Cm dng
dy bn xuyn qua sn nh gia 2 tng.
Khi dy dn xuyn qua sn nh gia tng cho php lun trong
ng cch in t di lp va trt ca tng. Cc ng cch in phi
t lin tc c ng lt v phi t ti mp ngoi.
i vi loi dy bn c 2 hoc 3 rut ch i vng trong cc gian
nh kh ro nu c gp chng ngi th cho php lun chung trong 1
ng cch in khng cn t ra.
Bn knh un ca dy dn mt rut cch in loi khng c bo
v t nht phi bng 3 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy dn.

7.3. Dy dn t treo
Cc loi dy dn chuyn dng loi cp in v cc loi dy dn
khc c lp t treo vo cp thp chu lc bng loi kp ring hoc
bng phng php qun buc thch hp.
Khi lp t dy dn in kiu treo chuyn dng phi theo cc yu cu
sau:
a) Ph kin no dy t trong hp ch to t thp tm dy t nht
l 3mm, cc mp ch lng dy v ph kin no phi c da trn
khng lm hng v ca t cp treo.
b) Dy dn ko qua l hp phn nhnh bng kim loi phi lun trong
ng lt cch in lin tc hoc phi qun bng dnh t 3 - 4 lp.
Cc thp chu lc dng treo dy dn c th bn t cc si
thp m km c ng knh t 1,05 - 6,5 mm. Cho php dng dy thp
cn nng c qut sn hay m km ng knh t 5,5 - 8 mm lm
cp treo. Vic la chn cp chu lc treo dy phi theo yu cu
ca thit k tnh ton xc nh.
Khi treo dy cp thp phi cng n vng nh nht, ng lc
khng c vt qu 0,7 ng lc cho php i vi loi cp thp .
Ch ch t hp li phn nhnh, hp ni kiu cm v n
chiu sng th mi treo dy thng ng. Dy treo ng nn dng
loi dy thp c ng knh t 2 - 3 mm i vi dy in ng lc
v t 1,5 - 2 mm i vi dy in chiu sng. Tt c cc b phn kim
loi ca dy in t treo, k c cp chu lc u phi ni t.
Trong cc gian sn xut thng thng, cho php dng dy cp lm
dy chung tnh lm vic trong li in phn nhm ca h thng in
c trung tnh ni t.
Cm dng cp chu lc lm dy ni t - nn dng mt dy
dn ring hoc mt rut ring ca dy dn (hoc cp) lm dy
ni t. Tt c cc loi b phn kim loi ca dy in t treo nh:
- B phn h trn ca cp thp.
- Cc b phn kho cp, kt cu no cui, kp treo dy v.v. u
phi bi trn du xilidn.
Khi treo dy dn cch in loi khng c bo v vo cp chu
lc khi khong cch gia cc im c nh dy dn khng c ln
hn cc tr s sau:
i vi dy dn cch in khng c bo v.
- Mt ct 1mm2: 1m
- Mt ct 1,5 - 6 mm2 : 1,5m.
i vi dy dn c bo v trong mi trng hp: 0,5 m.
7.4. t dy dn loi c bo v v cp cch in bng cao su.

 nhng on thng th khong cch gia cc ch c nh gy

dn c bo v v cp khng c ln hn cc gi tr trong bng VI - 3 sau
y:

STT

Loi dy

Dy dn

Cp

Khong cch ln nht (mm) gia cc ch c nh

dy dn c bo v hoc cp
on t ngang
on t thng ng
500
700
500
600
500
500

Phi dng mc kp c nh dy dn v cp nhng ch

lun dy vo hp kh c in hoc phu cp v phi t cch mp
ca chng t 50 - 70 mm.
Khong cch t ch dy bt u un cong n mc gn nht phi
t 10 - 15mm.
Khi dy dn cp n c t theo ng ngang th nhng
im c nh trung gian c th dng loi kp mt tai v tai kp phi
t thp hn dy dn hoc cp.
Khi dy dn hoc cp t thng ng theo tng trn nh,
gc nh phi dng kp 2 tai hoc ai c vng khuy c nh dy.
Bn knh un cong ca dy phi ln hn:
- Dy dn TIIP v IIPII: 6 ln ng knh ngoi
- Dy dn CPr v BPr : 10 ln ng knh ngoi.
Khi cp v dy cch in loi c bo v i qua tng gch, tng
btng phi t trong ng kim loi hay ng cch in l cha sn c
trt va.
Cho php t nhiu dy dn ca cng 1 mch hay nhiu cp trong
cng mt ng.
i vi dy cch in v cp c cch in bng cao su chui qua tng
gch bng btng th 2 u ng lun dy phi c ng lt.
Khi dy xuyn qua sn gc cng phi lun trong ng th u
ng phi cch mt sau 1,5 m. Khi chui qua trn nh th u di ca
ng lun cng phi cch trn 1,50m nhng on no c th lm hng
dy cng phi dng bin php bo v.
Khi 2 tuyn cp hoc dy dn giao cho nhau th mt trong
hai tuyn phi c bo v bng cch:
- Lun trong ng cch in.
- Xy rnh
- t trong ng kim loi.

Mi ghp ca ng lun bng kim loi phi quay v pha mt

ng. Khi ng t ngang theo tng th mi ghp phi hng xung di
trnh hi m lt vo.
Ch tch cc u dy v kim loi phi b gp ra ngoi khi lm
hng cch in. Dy dn c v thp IIPII phi c ai hoc u trnh
b tut.
trnh b lo ho cch in ca cc si n mn mnh th phi
dng loi sn thch hp. Yu cu ny khng p dng cho cc rut dy
dn v cp i vo trong hp c ng lun dy ca my in hoc kh
c in kiu kn, kiu chng bi hoc kiu chng nc.
Cm t cp CPr ln cc ch mi qut sn hoc qut vi cn t.
Nu cn t ngay th v cp phi c qut bng mt loi sn chng
kh trc khi t.
Vic ni dy hoc r nhnh cp v dy dn loi c bo v phi
thc hin trong hp. Khi cho dy vo hp, kh c, ng h phi lun c
v bo v.
Nu v kim loi ca cp v ca dy dn cng nh cc hp kim loi
cn phi ni t th ni chung vi dy trung tnh ni t v phi
bo m tnh cht lin tc v in trn ton b tuyn dy.
Tt c cn ni lin mch phi c qut sn trn v kim loi khng c
c cc vt h hng.
7.5. t h v t ngm dy dn in
Cho php t dy dn dt nh, nh lm vic, bnh vin, trng hc, nh tr, cc nh sn xut cng, nng nghip, cc nh cng
cng, nh ht, cu lc b, nh bp, nh v sinh, trn thang gc, nh
hm .v.v.. (tr nhng trng hp quy nh cc iu ca chng ny).
C th t h cc dy dn dt:
a) - Trc tip ln tng, vch ngn, sn c trt thch cao kh hoc
va t.
b) - Ln tng bng vt liu khng chy, vch ngn c dn lp bi
(ngay trn mt lp bi).
Khng cho php t h dy dt trc tip ln tng, vch ngn
lm bng g. Trong trng hp c bit phi t th nht thit phi
lt di dy tip xc vi g lp aming tm du t nht l 3mm.
Vic t dy dt ngm trong tng hoc vch ngn bng
granhit hoc trt va thng phi theo cc iu kin sau y:

a) - Nu tng hoc vch ngn bng vt liu khng chy th

t dy trong rnh lt va hoc di lp va t.
b) - Cng trng hp trn nhng va bng thch cao kh th t
dy vo rnh lt va n ngang mt tng hoc vch ngn hay
t dy trong lp va thch cao mn c qunh, hoc t di lp
aming tm.
c) - Trong cc rnh v cc kt cu xy dng rng.
d) - t sn trong cc kt cu xy dng c sn t xng ch
to (theo ch dn ring).
t ngm dy dn dt trn nh phi theo mt trong cc phng php sau:
a. t di lp va t ca trn nh lm bng cc tm khng chy.
b. t trong khe h gia cc tm btng c sn, bn ngoi trt va
thch cao mn.
c) t trong cc rnh cha sn trong cc tm b tng ct thp c ln,
ngoi cng trt va thch cao mn.
d) Trong cc tng v cc hc trng ca cc tm btng ct st ca
panen v trong rnh cc tm c bit ca nh kiu tm ln.
) t sn trong cc cu kin c sn t xng ch to (theo ch dn
ring).
e) t trn nn sn th ca mi tng, trn nh khng chy ca tng
cui cng (k c tng hm), di lp va, xi mng ct hoc thch cao
dy 10mm. Trng hp ny, nu khng p dng c theo cc im
a,c,d th dng theo cc im b,. i vi dy dt t ngm trn
nh yu cu chung l phi t ch no m bo khng b h
hng v mt c hc.
Khng cho php dng dy dn dt trong cc trng hp sau y:
7.5.1. t h
a)
b)

Trong cc gian d chy

Trn cc trn thng

7.5.2. t h v ngm:
a) Trong cc gian d n
b) Trong cc gian c bit m t.
c) Trong cc gian c mi trng n mn mnh.
d) Trn sn g ca nhng nh tr, bnh vin, cung vn ho, cu lc b,
trng hc v k tc x ca cc trng.
) cung cp in cho cc thit b chiu sng kiu treo.
e) sn khu v ch ngi ca khn gi.
Cc dy dt c cch in bng cht do khng chu c nh
sng (trong sut - mu vng nu) ch cho php t ngm.

Khi t ngm dy dn dt phi la chn tuyn nh sau:

a) Thng thng, khi t ngang theo tng th phi t song song vi
cc ng giao nhau qua tng v trn v cch trn 10 - 200 mm hoc
cnh g, mi ua hoc x ngang t 50 - 100 mm. Cc cm in
ln t thnh hng ngang.
b) Khi ko n cc n chiu sng, cc cng tc v cm phi t
d theo chiu thng ng. Trong cc nh lp ghp tm ln, cho php
ko theo rnh c sn.
c) Khi t dy treo trn (trong lp va, trong cc khe, trong lp rng ca
tm sn) nn ko theo khong cch ngn nht gia hp phn nhnh v
n chiu sng.
Khi ko dy dn giao cho vi cc ng ng dn nhin liu lng
hay khi phi t dy cch ng ng 100 mm, hoc lun dy trong
ng cch in hoc trong rnh.
Khi dy dn giao cho hoc i song song vi cc ng ng c
nhit cao th dy dn phi c bo v cch nhit.
Khi dy dn t h song song vi ng ng th khong cch
gia dy v ng phi trn 100 mm v vi ng dn cht lng, nng
th t nht l 250 mm.
Cn trnh t dy dn dt giao cho vi nhau. Nu tht cn
thit phi giao cho th ti phi cun tng cng 3 n 4 lp bng
nha dnh hoc bng cao su.
Khi dng dy dn dt 3 rut trong li in chiu sng th dng
cc rut ngoi cng lm dy pha cn rut gia lm dy trung tnh.
Khi cn phi un cong cc dy dn dt ti gc lng 90o trn mt
tng v trn nh phi theo mt trong 3 phng php sau:
a) Nu un dy theo b dt mt gc 90o th khng cn phi rch gii
bng cch ly, khng c dt ny gip vi rut kia.
b) Mun un theo cnh th phi rch gii bng cch ly dc theo dy v
mt rut c un vng vo pha trong.
c) Nu dy dn khng c gii bng cch ly c un theo cnh vi g bn
knh un m bo khng lm gy cch in ch un.
Dy dn dt h i qua cc vch chn v sn phi lun trong ng
cch in, 2 u ng phi lng ng lt bng cao su hoc s hay
nha.
Ch dy dn t ngm chui ra khi mt tng hoc sn (th d
ni vo n ,cng tc .v.v...) phi lun dy trong ng cch in hoc
dng phu.
Tt c cc ch ni hoc nhnh dy dn dt u phi hn hoc dng
cc kp dy trong hp phn nhnh.
Hp phn nhnh phi bng cht cch in hoc bng kim loi trong
m - lt cch in.

Khi dy t ngm th cho php phn nhnh dy cc hp u

dy v cng tc, cm hoc n, trong cc gian kh ro hoc
m, cc hp phn nhnh, c th lm bng cc c trong tng hoc
sn, c thnh phng cha sn khi xy dng nhng phi c np y.
Khi ni v phn nhnh cc dy dn dt t ngm phi cha
mt on dy d tr di t nht l 50mm.
Khng cho php treo trc tip cc n ln dy dn dt.
Cc hp kim loi nhng ni lun dy dn dt vo u phi c
ng lt cch in hoc qun tng cng cch in bng 3 n 4 lp
bng nha dnh hoc cao su.
Khi ni u dy vo cm, cng tc v.v.. th ch c rch
mt on ti thiu cn thit ca gii bng cch ly gia cc rut.
Vic c nh cc dy dn dt h c tin hnh nh sau:
a) Vi dy c gii bng cch ly th dng bin php dn, ng
inh dng kp nh, kp cao su.
b) Vi dy khng c gii bng cch ly th dn hay dng kp.
c) Dng cc kim loi kp dy v gn vo mt . inh dng
ng trc tip gii bng cch ly ca dy dn dt nn dng loi c
ng knh 1,4 - 1,8 mm di t 20 - 25mm, vi ng knh m inh
3mm, inh phi ng cch nhau 200 - 300 mm v ng ng gia
bng cch ly.
Ba dng ng inh phi l loi nh v dng ming
trnh ba p vo dy.
Trong cc gian nh m th di m inh nn c vng m bng
cao su hay nha. Khi dng kp th khong cch gia hai kp khng c qu 400 mm.
Khi dng dy dt t ngm th trc khi trt va nn dng va
thch cao mn gn tm dy vo. Ngoi ra c th dng kp hoc
ai bng cht cch in (cao su, nha v.v...) c nh dy dt.
Cm dng inh c nh dy dt t ngm.
Khi vn chuyn v bo qun dy dn dt phi trnh h hng v
c hc v trnh nh nng chiu vo.
7.5.3. t ngm dy dn trong cc ng khng phi l kim loi.
Tuyn t ng trong trng hp ny khng c trng hoc giao
cho st vi cc ng dn khi v cc b mt kt cu b nung nng.
Tuyn t ng trn tng nn b tr song song vi kin trc no
(khung ca, g, mi ua .v.vvv)
Cc on tuyn i vng qua cc chng ngi vt on t
ngang khng c t nc.
ng lun trong tng, sn v.v.. thuc loi kt cu d chy th phi
dng aming tm dy t nht 3 cm lt. Cng c th dng va dy
t nht 5 cm v rng hn mi bn thnh ng t nh 5 cm.

Cm dng cc loi ng khng phi l kim loi hay ng giy kim loi
di nn cc phn xng nng (c, hn, rn .v.v)
Khi nhit mi trng ni t tuyn thng xuyn cao hn +
o
35 C th cm dng ng bng cao su bitum.
Khi dng ng cao su bitum di nn nh th phi t ng di 1 lp
va b tng dy t nht 50 mm. Nhng khng qu 400 mm.
ch ng cao su bitum giao cho vi ng vn chuyn ni b
phn xng th phi lun trong ng thp. Trng hp lp b tng pha
trn ng dy hn 100 mm th khng cn dng ng thp.
nhng ch ng cao su bitum chui ra khi mng, tng v nn nh
thng thng phi dng nhng on ng thp mng bc bo v pha
ngoi v u ng phi c chn kn, ch ng cao su bitum chui ra khi
mng v nn nh i ln tng khng chy phi c bo v bng thp
hoc st gc n cao 1,5m.
Cng vic ni cc on ng cch in vi nhau phi dng
mngsng cng loi vt liu vi ng v 2 u ng ni phi p kht
nhau.
Khi ni 2 on ng bng cao su bitum vi nhau phi dng
mngsng cng vt liu c ng knh ln hn v di 100 mm, hoc
bng kim loi. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn v dng dy thp
qun ai cho chc.
Khi ni 2 on ng bng cao su bitum vi nhau phi dng
mngsng cng vt liu c ng knh ln hn v di 100 mm, hoc
bng kim loi. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn v dng dy thp
qun ai cho chc.
C th dng ng thp mng ni cc ng cao su bitum vi
nhau. Ch ni ng vi ng thp phi chn cht nh khi ni bng
mng sng.
Ch ni cc ng giy - kim loi vi nhau dng cc mng sng
chuyn dng c ch to t nhng on ng mng v t trong hp
ni.
Vic r nhnh v ni dy in trong cc ng khng bng kim loi
v ng giy - kim loi phi thc hin cc hp ni, hp r nhnh. Cu
to ca hp ni trn phi ph hp vi phng php t dy v mi trng
xung quanh.
Cho php t cc loi ng cng v ng cao su bitum c dy
dn lun sn trong ng vi iu kin m bo thay dy dn c.
ng knh trong ca ng cch in phi m bo vic thay d
dng dy in t trong ng ph hp vi s lng v ng knh ca
dy dn ng thi khng c b hn 11mm.
m bo ko dy dn cng nh ng c d dng, k c trng hp cn thay chng th khong cch gia hai hp ni khng c
vt gi tr s ghi bng VII - 4 di y.

Bng VII - 4.
on tuyn gia cc
hp

Thng
C
C
C
C

1
2
3
4

gc
gc
gc
gc

Khong cch gia hai hp (m)

ng cao su cng va
ng dy kim loi v
cao su bitum
10
12
7,5
8
5
5
5
3
5
3

i vi ng giy th khong cch gia hai hp khng c di qu 9m.

Trng hp do c im kt cu ca cng trnh on tuyn c
chiu di di 20 m khng th t cc hp no c (nh on gia cc
tng thang my ca nh lp gip tm ln) th cho php bn knh un
ng n 15 ln ng knh ngoi ca ng. S lng ch un khng c qu
2. Ngoi ra nn chn ng ln hn trng hp khong cch gia cc hp i
qui nh bng VI - 4.
Bn knh un ng cao su cng va v cao su bitum khng c
nh hn 40 ln ng knh trong ca ng, i vi ng giy kim loi 6
ln.
Khng cho php un cc ng giy - kim loi khng xp np. Ch
thay i hng tuyn v cc gc phi t hp ni hay cc on ng
bng cao su cng va hoc cc loi tng t.
i vi loi ng cng va v ng cao su bitum ch un phi dng
dy thp 1,5 mm qun ngoi vi bc ai l 8 - 10mm bo v khi
ch un c th xy ra dp nt.
ng cch in v ng giy- kim loi lun dy cch in
qua tng, sn gc phi lin v khng c ni. Khi t ng trn b
mt lt g c trt va, khng cho php dng mng sng ni cc
ng cch in trn on tuyn gia hai hp.
i vi ng khng bng kim loi v ng giy kim loi khi a vo
hp, t, bng, hp bo v lm bng vt liu khng cch in, cng
nh khi a vo cc hp th cc u ng phi c ng lt hoc phu
cch in.
Khi cc ng cch in khng a vo hp hoc v ca kh c
in, ng h th u ng phi c ng lt hay phu cch in.
7.5.4. t dy ngm trong ng thu tinh.
ng thu tinh phi ng tiu chun d dng lun dy dn
khi t ngm.

Dy dn t ngm lun trong ng thu tinh c php p dng

cho cc li in chiu sng v ng lc vi in p di 500 V v cc li
in thoi truyn thanh t trong tng hoc sn khng chy, cc
nh cp phng ho loi III, cc nh cng cng cp phng ho loi II
k c tng hm v cc loi nh khc. Cng cho php t tng trn
ca cc nh ni trn khi trn lm bng vt liu khng chy.
Cho php t dy theo iu VI - 104 trong cc nh sinh hot,
nh vn ho c cp phng ho loi II v cc x nghip cng nghip vi
iu kin khng b nh hng n rung chn ng ca cc thit b
sn xut.
Khng cho php t dy dn nh iu VI - 104 nhng ni:
Gian nh d n thuc mi cp, gian c bit m t, ch khn gi ngi
(k c sn khu) ca rp ht, nh, trin lm, cu lc b, cung vn
ho .v.v v cc nh vng c ng t cp 7 tr ln, vng c ln
cp II, III v cc mch in ngoi tri.
Khng cho php t chung dy dn ca mch , dng in
mnh vo mch c dng in yu (thng tin) trong cng mt ng.
ng t trong sn nh nn i theo ng ngn nht cn
trong tng th phi t thng ng hoc nm ngang. ng phi
t trn tm lt v tm lt phi nm trong ton b chiu di ca ng.
Chiu dy lp bo v (b tng, xi mng, nha ng) bn trong ng dy
t nht l 10 mm. Khi t ng trn cc tm c lt khng chy tng
trn th phi dy t nht 20mm.
Cc ng thu tinh t trong tng gch v vch ngn b tng x,
thch cao, phi t trong cc mng rnh c vy va t, ngay sau
phi va thch cao hay xi mng xut ton b chiu di cho
ngang vi mt ngoi ca tng hoc vch. Mng phi c su ln
hn ng knh ngoi ca ng t l 10mm, cn cc tng hm,
tng trn l 20 mm.
Cc ng t song song phi cch nhau t nht l 50 mm.
Khng cho php t trc tip ng thu tinh trong t, di nn nh
ca tng th nht, nu nh c tng hm th di nn tng hm.
Khi t ng cho cc ng trc cung cp in t thit b u
vo n cc tr ca bung thang my d l nh c tng hm hay
khng u nn t trn sn ca tng th nht hoc t trc tip
trong cc tng chu lc khng chy.
Khi cn thay i hng tuyn ca ng thu tinh lm cc on
ng vng qua s, ct phi dng cc on ng cong bng thu tinh ch
to sn. Khi khng c loi trn th cho php dng ng g lm bng vt
liu cng va hoc vt liu tng t.
ni ng thu tinh vi nhau hay cc ng bng vt liu cch
in khc phi dng mng sng bng cao su cng, va , bng cht do
hoc mng sng bng kim loi. Khi ni vi ng kim loi th nht thit
dng mng sng bc kim loi.
Ch ng thu tinh chui vo cc hp u vo, hp phn nhnh
cng nh ng h u in. Bng in, n, cng tc v cm

t h th u ng phi lt mt on ng bng cao su. Ch ng

chui ra khi hc t bng in th u ng cng phi c ng lt.
Cc mc treo n chiu sng phi c c nh c lp vo
vch, khng c lin quan n u ng thu tinh v cc u dy
ra.
Khi cc ng thy tinh giao cho vi cc khe gin n th phi dng
on ng chuyn tip bng cao su hoc bng cc ng mm tng t.
7.5.4 - t h v ngm dy dn trong ng thp.
+ Dng ng thp c thnh dy bnh thng.
Dng ng thp (ng nc, ng hi) ko dy dn in ch c dng trong phm vi v thit k quy nh.
Phi ty sch cc ba via trong ng v ng khng c mp mo
bp. Nu ng cha c lp bo v chng r (lp m) th phi nh sch
ri sn mt trong ngoi, ng t trong b tng ch cn sn mt
trong.
ng t trong nh c hin tng n mn th phi sn theo ch dn
ca thit k.
Khi tuyn ng cn r gc phi un ng th bn knh un ng
khng c b hn 10 ln ng knh ngs:
a) Khi t ng trong cc khi b tng (trng hp ngoi l th cho
php bnknh ung bng 6 ln ng knh.
b) Khi trong ng t cc v nhm, v ch hay nha, vi moi
hnh thc di h hay ngm, khng c b hn 6 ln ng knh.
c) Trong cc trng hp t ngm cn li vi iu kin l t
ngm ng khng gy nn cc kh khn c bit.
d) Khi t h cc ng c ng knh t 3 pt tr ln. Tr cc trng hp nu mc (b) khng c b hn 4 ln ng knh.
) Khi t h cc ng c ng knh n 2 pt. tr trng hp
nu (b).
Cc ct khng c bp mo hayc ba via.
Khong cch c nh ng khi t h khng c vt qu 2,5 mi vi ng ng c ng knh di 1/2 pt; 3m i vi ng ng knh
di 1 pt ri v 4m - i vi ng ng knh 2 pt tr ln.
C nh ng thp t h, c th dng mc, vng ai v.v... cc
ng dn nc... kh (khng m km) c th hn vo kt cu ca nh nh
ct n v.v... nhng khng clm chy ng, phi hn ng trc khi t
dy.
Khong cch gia hai hp no khng c ln hn cc tr s sau:
ng t trong mng ca thit b cng ngh phi c nh vo
kt cu hay ct thp trc khi b tng.
Ch ng ra khi mng chui vo t phi thc hin theo thit k
trnh gy ng khi t hay mng b ln.

 ch giao cho vi khe gin n phi t ng trong cc hp c

bit c b phn gin n, hoc ni vi b phn ln gin n mm vo
ng.
Vic ni ng vi nhau trong gian kh ro c bi (tr cc gian d
n, d chy hay cc gian du, nc hoc nh tung c th lt vo ng)
cho php dng ng bc, mng sng khng cn chn kn ch ni dy
nhng ni dn nc hoc nh tng c th chui vo ng v cc thit
tr in ngoi tri u phi dng loi mng sng c ren rnh vi m
kn ch ni, cc gian c bi, ch ni ng phi chn chng bi.
Trong mi trng hp t ng ngm v t trong b tng, bt
buc phi ni ng bng mng sng c ren v chn kn ch ni.
Cht lng phn ren rng u ng thp phi m bo vic
vn mng sng mt cch bnh thng. Mng sng phi vn cht mt
trong hai u ng vi nhau. Chiu di on ren phi bng chiu di
mng sng cng vi chiu dy ai c hm.
Cc u ng phi ty sch ba via v g sc.
Trc khi kp dy trong ng th u ng phi c ng lt
trnh h hng dy.
Khi lp ng vo hp, t, kh c in, v thit tr in phi
dng mt trong cc bin php sau m bo cho ng tip xc tt
v in vi chng.
a) Xit cht cc ai ng v c mt nhm vo mi pha thnh t
hoc kh c in cho php thay ai c c mt nhm bng ai c
hm nhng phi hn vo t, hp v ng 1,2 im hoc trc phi
nh sch g ch tip xc gia ai c v t.
b) Dng mng sng c ren vn cht ng vi on ng th ra
ca t, ngoi ra cn c th dng ng hoc ng ni nu iu VI 127. Cc ng ni mng sng trn phi hn vo ng v on ng th ra
t t 2 im mi pha.
d) nhng ch khng cn chn kn, cho php a ng vo hp
hoc kh c m khng cn dng ai c c nh, nhng phi dng
cu ni kim loi c dn in ni ng vi hp hoc kh c.
) Cc hp, hay hm kim loi v.v.. phi c sn chng r.
cc ni m t, nng, bi hay c ho cht n mn .v.v.. nu
khng a c u ng vo trong hp kh c v.v... phi dng nha cch
in chn kn gia ng v dy.
Dy dn t trong ng thng ng phi c c nh chc
chn. Khong cch gia cc im c nh dy khng c ln hn:
- 30 mm i vi dy dn n 50 mm2.
- 20 m i vi dy dn n 185 mm2
- 15 m i vi dy dn n 240 m2.
c nh dy vi ng, phi c thc hin nh sau:
a) Dng kp dy hau kp u dy kp cht vo u ng.
b) Dng kp dy hay kp u dy trong cc hp trung gian, kp dy
v kp u dy phi bng vt liu cch in, hoc ch bt c
nh phi lt thm cch in.

Tt c moi dy trong cng mt mch xoay chiu, k c dy

trung tnh phi t trung trong mt ng.
Trong mch xoay chiu, cho php t cc dy dn ca cng
mt pha chung trong mt ng thp nu chng c bo v dng
in danh nh khng vt qu 25A.
S dng ng thp mng thnh:
Loi ng thp ny ch dng c nhng ni do thit k quy nh.
a) t h, khng cn chn kn ch ni ng v ng a ng vo
hp i vi nhng gian kh ro, bnh thng.
b) t h v t ngm c chn kn ch ng ni v ch a ng
vo hp t trong tng, sn, trong lp va chn hay lp lt ca sn,
trong mng v trong cc kt cu xy dng khc ca cng trnh i
vi cc gian bnh thng, m, nng, bi d chy, ring i vi nhng
gian bnh thng cho php t trong t.
Khng cho php dng loi ng ny :
a) Cc gian m hoc c bit m.
b) Cc gian d n, gian cho cht n mn.
c) Thit tr in ngoi tri.
d) Chn di t ngoi tri.
Ghi ch: cc thit tr d n , cho php dng cc ng thp hn mng
thnh, c chiu dy nh hn so vi ng bnh thng l 0,5 mm vi
iu kin l phi dng mng sng c ren rng ni ng.
Khng cho php dng hn in c nh ng thp thng
mng vo kt cu kim loi.
Khi ch ni khng cn chn kn th phi dng mng sng tiu
chun c ren.
Khi ni t cc ng mng thnh hay dng chng lm dy
ni t phi thc hin ng theo yu c k thut ch dn chng
V (h thng ni t).
7.5.5. Dy dn t h v c bao che (thanh ci) vi in p di 1000Vn
Nhng ch ni dy dn khng cn tho m th thng thng
dng bin php hn. nhng ch ni dy bng kim loi khc nhau phi
c bin php chng h hng do n mn phn dn in.
Trong nh, khong cch t phn dn in ca cc b dn in
trn dn cc ng ng khng c nh hn 1000 mm, n thit b
cng ngh 1500mm.
Khng quy nh khong cch t b dn in loi c bo v,
loi c bao che, loi chng bi, loi chng nc bn vo n cc ng
ng v thit b cng ngh.
Khong cch gia cc vt dn in ca cc pha khc nhau hay
khc nhau trong b dn in cc tnh, v t cc vt dn n t-

ng nh v n cc kt cu c ni t, khng c nh hn cc tr
s bng VI - 5.
Cc b dn in t trong cc nh sn xut, m nhng ngi
khng c nhim v c th n gn, phi t cao cch mt
sn t nht 3m5 - khi t trn (cc thit b t trong nh 2,9m khi
c lp bo v v khng quy nh khi c bao che cch in an ton.
Cc kt cu xy dng trn t b dn in phi l loi khng
chy.
Khi b dn in trn xuyn qua sn, tng v vch ngn th phi
i trong l hay cc tm cch in.
Cc kh c t trn b dn in cung cp hay phn phi t
ngay cnh cc im r nhnh, cc ch c th n gn kim tra
v sa cha. Chng phi c b tr hay che chn ngi lm vic
v khng chm phi cc b phn mang in.
Bng VI - 5.
STT
Tn cc b dn in
1.
2

Cc b dn in trn
Cc b dn in gm nhiu dy dn
vi khong cch gia hai im c nh
dy:
n 2m
Trn 2m n 4m
Trn 4m n 6m
Trn 6m
Cc b dn in loi c bo v bao
che, chng bu:
- Tnh theo b mt cch in
- Tnh theo khng kh
Cc b dn in loi chng nc bn
vo:
- Tnh theo b mt cch in
- Tnh theo khng kh

Cc khong
nh nht mm
50

cch

50
100
150
200

20
12
70
50

Cho php t kh c in di thp, nu t trn cao kh

khn cho ngi thao tc vn hnh.
iu khin cc kh c ng ct t cao qu tm ngi, th
cn phi c cc trang b thch hp tin hnh thao tc, cc khi c
cngk phi c cc k hiu ch r v tr ng ct m ngi ng
sau c th nhn ra.
Trn sut tuyn ca b dn in t cch nhau 10 - 20 m v cc
ch c ngi thng qua li phi t bin bo cnh gii, ch ghi phi
theo quy phm k thut an ton trong quy trnh in.

B dn in loi bao che phi c t hoc treo cng

cao. Tr v gi b dn in phi chc chn. Khong cch gia cc
im c nh ca b rnh phi theo ng ch dn ca thit k.
Khi u ni, r nhnh v lm u dy cho cc dy dn hoc
cc rut nhm hay ng th c th dng mt trong cc cch sau: p,
hn, thic, kp chuyn dng.
Ti ch ni hay r nhnh dy dn phi qun bng cch in cao
su hoc nha (Policlovynil) nhng gian m cn phi qut sn hay
vadlin cng nghip trc khi qun bng.
u ct, ng ni phi chn ph hp vi mt ct ca dy.
ng knh l ca tai u ct phi ph hp vi ng knh ca ng
ni hay on ng ca u ct. Vt p phi gia on ng v nm
v pha chnh din ca u ct. Phi kim tra su vt p so vi
yu cu ca nh ch to,s lng vt p phi kim tra t l %.
mi trng m t, sau khi p xong u ct, phi dng bng cch
in cun chm ln c vt p.
Khi cc phu cp t cc cao khc nhau, c kh nng chy
du u cp, phi bt kn li bng cch dng bng dnh cch in
cun ln rut cp v on hnh tr ca u ct ch lng rut cp
vo u ct.
Phi dng thic hn hay nha hoc Epoxi bt kn mi
ghp gia cc thnh b p dt ca tai, u ct hnh ng c c
nh vi rut cp bng cch p.
Khi u ni hoc r nhnh dy nhm 1 si hoc nhiu si mt
ct 20 mm2 th phi dng phng php hn nhm hoc p.
Mi hn lm u ct cho rut nhm nhiu si ca dy dn v
cp bng cch hn phi thc hin sao cho tt c cc si dy bn ngoi
ca rut c bc kn trong kim loi chy lng vo rut, nhng
khng c lm cho rut dy co li v trn b mt rut dy khng c
vt nt, chy v chy.
trnh cho dy cch in ca rut cp qu nng, bt buc
phi t vt lm mt nn rut cp hn vo u ct.
Khi hn phi dng cht tr dung (thuc hn) sau khi hn, ch ni
v ch lm u ct phi c ty sch ht thuc hn v x hn, ra
bng xng (khng dng nc) cho sch, bi nha chng m v qun bng
cch in. Khi lm u ct cho rut cp th dng bng cch in
phi qun ph kn phn ng ca u ct v qun chm ln c cch
in ca rut cp. Tr phn tip xc ra, u ct ca cp phi bi
nha .
Nu ng h, kh c in c sn tip im hoc ni trc
tip vi nhm th cho php ni trc tip dy dn hoc cp rut nhm
vi chng.
cc thit b in ngoi tri d n v cc gian d n, d
chy thuc mi cp, vic ni v lm u ct cho dy dn v cp rut

nhm phi thc hin bng cch hn hoc p (tr nhng ni cm dng
cp rut nhm).
Phm vi p dng cc phng php ni, r nhnh, lm u ct vi
cp v dy dn rut nhm s theo bng VI - 6.

Bng VI - 6
Phm vi p dng cc phng php khc nhau lm du ct ni dy,
r nhnh cc loi dy dn v cp rut nhm
Phng
php
1

c im ca Thao
phng php
tc

2
Hn in cc
rut dy
Hn
- Bng kim in
in
t 2 rut dy
xoay
vo 2 in cc
chiu
Vn
xon
bng
u dy trc
cch
khi hn v cng
t
hn bng kim
nng
hn hai u
kiu
in cc c
tip
dng thuc hn.
xc
- Dy c vn
(hn
xon trc v p
khng
cht
trong
c h khun gi ri
quang) hn bng in
cc thn c
thuc hn.
- Dy c vn
xon trc v c
hn bng my
hn
BK21
(khng c thuc
hn)
1
2
Hn
bng
in cc than
kiu gip mi,
ni theo dng

Cu
to Mt ct in p cc
rut dy mm2
i
cho
php KV
4
5
6

Ni v
r
nhnh
Ni v
r
nhnh

Dy dn 2,5 - 1
v cp 1
si
Dy dn 2,5 - 10
v cp 1
si

Hn
u
dy

Dy 1 si 16 - 400
v nhiu
si

35

3
Ni v
r
nhnh

4
nt

5
nt

6
nt

Hn
kiu
gia
nhit
Hn
hi

mng h (u
tin phi lm
cho dy nhiu
si chy thnh1
khi lin)
- Hn in khi
rut dy t
thng ng.
- Cng hn u
dy nng chy
thnh mt khi
lin (hnh tr
ghp).
- Hn rut dy
trong khun gia
nhit c ng lt
bng nhm.
- Hn (kiu gip
mi) khi rut
dy dn t
thng
ng
bng m hn
n hay kp.
- Hn rut dy
thnh mi ni
theo dng mng
h (lm cho rut
dy chy thnh
mt khi lin).
- Hn rut dy
t
thng
ng bng cch
lm rut nng
chy
thnh
thanh lin khi
(hnh tr ghp)
2

nt

dy dn
nhiu si

Ni

Dy dn 16 - 240
v dy
cp
nhiu si
Dy dn 16 - 400
dy cp
1
si
hoc
nhiu si

Hn
u
dy

16 - 150

Ni v Dy dn 16 -400
r
dy cp
nhnh
1
si,
nhiu si
nt

Dy dn 16 - 150
v dy
cp
nhiu si

10

35

35

Cc
phng
php
c hc

Hn
thic

- p rut dy
trong ng ni
nhm bng cch
p khc c dng
bt nho.
- p rut dy
bng dng c
chuyn
dng
khng c ng
ni v khng s
dng bt nho.
- p rut dy
trong ng ni
bng
nhm,
bng cch p
khc.
- Dng loi kp
m bo duy
tr p lc khng
i trn rut
dy v c km
ph kin khng
lm bp v rut
dy.
- Kp r nhnh (r
nhnh t trc
chnh).
- Kp kiu c
vt hm

ni v Cc dy 2,5 - 10
r
dn mt
nhnh
si

Ni

Cch dy 2,5 - 10
dn 1 si

2,5 - 10

- Dng thic hn
ghp u dy
so le v to
thnh mng.
- Dng thic hn
nhm v trc khi
hn m thic cc
u dy, dng
m
hn
lm
nng
chy

Ni v Dy dn 2,5 - 10
r
v cp 1
nhnh
si

35

Lm
u
dy
hp ni
phn
nhnh

35

nt

r
nhnh

Dy dn
1 si

ni

Dy dn
nhm v
ng
mt si

Dy dn 16 - 150
dy cp
1 si v
nhiu si

thic.
- Nh trn nhng ni

un
thic

chy
ri rt

Cp in 25 - 240
nhiu si

35

vo
Khng bt buc phi lm u ct cc dy dn v cc nhm 1
si mt ct n 10 mm2.
i vi cc nh my in c t my pht 50 MVA tr ln, cc trm
bin p khu vc vo li cp thnh ph cn hn ch dng phng php
hn in ni cp c mt ct 16 -120mm 2 in p 1KV v phng php F ni rut cp 1KV c mt ct 16 - 95 mm2.
i vi dy ng mt ct n 10 mm 2, nn ni bng cch p
c dng ng ni hoc l ng mng. Trng hp ngoi l cho php dng
l ng thau. Chiu dy ca l, s lp, khong cch v su vt p
phi theo ti liu hng dn c th. mi ni khng c c k h gia l
ng v rut dy.
Khi ni dy ng nhiu si c mt ct n 10 mm 2 vo cc
kh c in th phi p vo u ct hoc un u dy theo chiu
vng xuyn.
Vi dy hoc cp rut ng mt ct ln hn 10 mm 2 phi dng
cch p khc hoc p lin (lin tc) ni v lm u ct. Trong trng hp cn thit c th dng phng php hn thic.
7.6 - t dy trong cc gian d chy d n
Khi t dy dn cc thit tr d n, phi lun dy trong
ng thp v tun theo cc yu cu ring: Ch ni ng phi c t nht
5 ng ren nguyn vn, ch ni chn bng si gai tm du sn pha bt
ch, cm khng c hn.
Cc hp phn nhnh cc gian cp B - I. B - II phi l kiu chng
n, cn cp khc c th dng kiu chng bi hoc chng n.
Trn ng ng lun dy, phi c ch x nc ng, khi lung
dy dn t trong ng v v ng c, kh c, ng h, v cc b
phn ni dy v a dy dn ra ngoi gian d n, hoc a dy
dn t gian d n ny sang gian d n khc u phi lun trong
ng. Khi cc ng phi c chn kn tng on. Cm li dng cc b
phn ng ni cu c chn kn u ni hoc r nhnh dy dn.
Cao su v nhng vt liu khc dng chn kn, hoc cch
in khng c tip xc vi nhng cht lng c th lm hng
chng.
Ch ni ng phi c th chu p lc: 2,0 atm. i vi gian cp
B - I, 0,5 atm. i vi cc gian cp B - Ia, B - II, B- IIa. Sau 3 pht p lc
th khng c gim qu 50%.

Ch ng ng xuyn qua tng phi chn cht bng vt liu

khng d chy
Khi t cc b dy dn trn bng ng hoc nhm trong cc
gian d n, cp B- Ia, B - Ib v cc gian d chy thuc mi cp, phi
tho mn cc yu cu sau:
- Ch ni thanh dn khng cn tho ri phi hn.
- Nhng ch ni thanh ci vo kh c in bng bulng phi ni
chc chn v phi c bin php thch hp chng ai c t tho.
- Thanh dn phi c hp bo v, c l khoan thng gi ng
knh khng qu 6mm.
- Trong cc gian d n, hp bo v phi c lm bng kim loi
v ch c tho m bng kho.
- Trong cc gian d chy cp II - I, II - II th cc hp bo v phi
thuc loi chng bi.
Hp ni v phn nhnh t gian nh d chy phi l loi
chng bi lm bng thp hoc vt liu bn chc, kch thc thch hp
c ni dy c chc chn v d thy, nu hp lm bng thp
th trong phi c lp lt cch in, nu hp lm bng nha (cht
do) th phi l loi nha khng chy.
Trong cc gian cp II - II v II - IIa, cho php dng cc loi hp ni,
hp r nhnh, v loi hp kiu kn.
Khi lp t h thng ni t phi thc hin theo quy nh
ca chng ni t (V).
Khi t dy ngm cc gian d chy vic ni dy vo gian
khng c hp u dy, phi ni qua hp chuyn tip t trn
nh.
7.7 - Sn v nh du.
Tt c cc b phn kim loi u phi c bo v chng r thch
hp vi iu kin mi trng.Trong nh mi trng bnh thng th sn
d, sn nha ng.
a) Trong nh c mi trng ho cht n mn th phi dng sn thch
hp.
b) Ngoi tri dng sn nha ng hoc loi tng ng.
Cc b dn in t h loi c bo v tr cc b dn in
lm bng dy dn th u phi sn. Mi pha phi sn mu ging
nhau tt c mi ch trong pha A - vng, pha B - xanh l cy, pha
C - .
Cc b phn mang in ca b dn in loi bc kn u phi sn
mu - ch dy i ra khi hp bc phi sn mu pha khc nhau
mt on di 0,3m.
Cc mt hp t ngoi tri th sm mu xm khi dng in n
1500A.

 cc s phc tp, cc ng v dy dn in u phi nh

s theo nht k cp, ng thi nh du dy cc hp phn nhnh,
ch u vo kh c hay thit b dng in. Cn cc ng th nh
du u ng.
Cc dy dn in v cp in t trong cc hp v mng ( k
c b hay t ring tng si ) cng u nh du.

Chng VIII.
Cc ng cp ngm.
Cc quy nh trong chng ny c p dng lp t cc ng cp in c cch in bng giy tm du, in p ti 35KV, c
cch in bng cao su in p ti 1KV, c cch in bng cht do
n 20 KVv cc loi cp kim tra.
i vi cc ng dy ca cc thit tr c bit ( xe in
ngm, ng hm,v.v.. ) th theo cc quy phm ring.
8.1 - Yu cu chung:
Kiu cp, mt ct v s lng rut cp, tuyn cp v phng php
t cp phi theo ng thit k. Trong trng hp cn thit mun
thay i phi c s ng ca c quan thit k v tun theo quy
phm trang b in (QT ).
Trc khi t cp phi xem xt tnh trng cp cn qun ru l.
Khng c lp t cp hng.
v ch ca cp khng cho php c vt nt, lm, xc, rch...
Nu phi x l do cc khuyt tt k trn th chiu dy v cp sau khi
x l ti khng c nh hn tr s quy nh ca nh ch to.

Phi t ng cp sao cho khi lp t cng nh khi khai thc

vn hnh khng c hin tng b cng c hc hoc b h hng.
a) Cp phi c d phng t 1 - 3% chiu di ( t ngon ngoo ). Cm
cp d phng bng qun vng.
b) Cp t trn gi trng, sn vv... phi c c nh cc im
cui, ch un v cnh mi ni.
c) Khi cp t thng ng theo kt cu v tng phi c nh sao
cho trng lng bn thn on cp khng lm hng mi ni hoc
hng v cp.
d) Nu cp khng c ai thp bo v, khi t ln phi c m lt.
Cp t ch c kh nng h hng do cc phng tin vn ti, hoc do
cc vt nng v do ngi gay ra phi c bo v cao 2 m tnh t
mt nn.
e) Khi cp i t rnh cp vo nh, vo hm v.v... Cng nh xuyn qua
sn, tngm trong tng u phi dng ng t trong cu kin
ring.
Cp ko xong phi chn cht khe h gia ngv cp bng dy tm
btum. Phi c bin php chng nc t hm cp chy qua ng vo nh.
im c nh cp phi cch hp cp v phu khng qu 0,5m.
Cp t h phi c bo v khng cc bc x nhit tc
ng trc tip vo cp.
Bn knh un pha trong ca cp so vi ng knh ngoi ca cp
khng c nh hn:
a) 25 ln i vi cp ng lc 1 rut, cch in bng dy tm du
trong v ch.
b) 25 i vi cp ng lc nhiu rut cch in bng giy tm t du
c v ch v ai thp.
c) 15 ln so vi cp ng lc v cp kim tra nhiu rut cch in
bng dy tm du, v ch hoc nhm.
d)10 ln so vi cp ng lc v cp kim tra cch in bng co cao
su, c v ch hoc cht do, ngoi c ai thp - ring loi khng c
ai thp l 6 ln.
Khi ni cp c cch in dy tm du vi cp c cch in tm
t du phi dng hn hp ni nh pxy hoc hp kiu hm du nu cp nhiu du t cao hn cp t du.
chnh lch cho php gia im cao nht v im thp nht
ca cp khi cp t thng ng hay dc nging nu trong bng VII-1.
Bng VII-1

Loi cp

D chnh lch cho php ( m)

i vi loi cp ( KV )
V ch
V nhm
1-3 6-10 20-35 1-3 6

Cp cch in bng dy tm du thng thng:

25
- C ai thp
20
- Khng c ai thp.
Cp cch in bng dy tm t du:

- C ai thp v chung mt v ch
- Nh trn nhng tng rut cp c v ch ring

15
15

5
5

100 100
100
300 300
300
Khng hn ch

25
25

20
20

khng
hn ch

Ghi ch: 1- chnh lch trn c p khi cha dng cc bin php ni
c bit ( hp ni nha pxy hoc hp ni vi kiu hm u ).
2. chnh lch ca v cp c v bng cht do, cch in bng cao
su hoc v nhm cch in bng giy c tm bitum m in p di
1KVA th cng khng b hn ch.
3. Cc hp u cp v phu cp khi ng cp mang ti bnh thng
khng c r du, nu chnh lch ln hn mc quy nh.
4. i vi cp c in p 20 v 35 KV cch in bng giy tm du
u phu cp c bt gi c nh th chnh lch cho php ti
10m. Tuy nhin phi tnh ton n vic nh k thay cp.
Vic lp hp u cp, hp ni, hp phn nhnh ca cp 3 rut
v nhm c lm dy trung tnh cng tc, phi thc hin theo quy
nh ring.
Khi vic ni v cp trong cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh cng
nh ni dy trung tnh bn ngoi vo v cp trong hp u cp, phi
thc hin bng cu ni. Cu ni lm bng cc dy ng mm nhiu
si phi hn thic chc chn vo v cp, ch hn thic phi c cch
in tt khng b n mn.
i vi cc thit b in c dng cp 3 rut v nhm m v nhm
c dng lm dy trung tnh cng tc th phi thc hin cc yu cu
nh i vi cp 4 rut.
8.2

t cp trong rnh.

Khi t cp trc tip trong t th cp phi c lt di v ph

bng mt lp t mn, mm. Sut tuyn cp phi c bin pho bo
v trnh h hng c hc: vi cp c in p 35KV tr nn dng cc tm
an b tng ct thp dy t nht l 50 mm, in p n 35 KV th

dng cc tm an b tng hoc gch ( cm dng gch silict ) to thng

nht 1 lp ngang trn tuyn. i vi in p t 1000 V ch phi t
gch nhng on d b h hng do c hc ( nhng ch d b o
bi ). Mt ng ri nha c xem l ch t b o bi.
Lp t mn lt cng nh lp t ph ct phi c chiu dy t
nht l 100 mm.
Khng c t cp trong cc vng t c n mn ho cht (*
t c mui, m ly, t bi, c x, rc ri v.v.. ) v c dng in
ti. Nu khi tht cn thit th phi dng loi cp c v ch hay v
nhm bc cht do bo v. Trng hp khng c lp cht do bo v th
phi t cp trong ng cch in.
Phi t cp theo ng tuyn thit k quy nh ti ch giao
cho nhau quan trng phi c cc nh du. Khi lm xong phi c bn
v hon cng.
8.3 - Cc kch thc yu cu khi t cp.
su chn cp bnh thng i vi cp ti 35 KV l 0,7 m. Cn
khi vt qua ng ph hoc qung trng l 1 m.
Trong phm vi 5 m trc khi dn vo nh cho php su chn
cp cn 0,5 m, ch giao cho cng c thc hin nh trn nhng cp
phi c lun vo trong ng.
Khi t cp dc theo nh th khong cch t cp ti mng nh
phi l 0,6m.
Khi t cc ng cp song song vi nhau th khong cch gi
hai cp phi l:
a) Vi cp kim tra khng quy nh.
b) i vi cp in lc vi nhau ti 10KV v cp in lc vi cp kim tra
l 100 mm.
c) i vi cp in lc ni vi nhau, cp in lc vi cp thng tin l 500
mm.
Trng hp a hnh cht hp v c cc c quan qun l thng
nht th c th gim tiu chun mc (c), ( d) xung cn 100 mm
gia cp in lc 10 KV vi cp thng tin cn 250 mm ( tr cp thng
tin cao tn ) vi iu kin phi c bo v chng chy khi cp in lc
b ngn mch ( bng cch lun trong ng hoc c vch chn ).
Khi tuyn cp i qua vn cy th khong cch t cp n
thn cy t nht phi l 2 m.
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng st th nht thit tuyn
cp phi i ngoi phm vi hnh lang ca ng st, tr trng hp c
bit c c quan qun l ng st tho thun th cho php khong
cch ti thiu t cp ti ng dy gn nht l 3 m, vi ng st in
kh ho l 10 m.

Trong iu kin hn ch qu c bit c th cho php cp i

gn hn nhng phi chn trong ng, nu c ng st in kh ho
th phi cch in on ng ny ( xi mng aming, tm nha ng
v.v... ).
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi ng st, ng t, th nht thit
phi lun cp qua ng, cng ngm su t nht l 1 m tnh t
nn ng hoc 0,5 m k t y rnh thot nc, trn sut b ngang ng k c hnh lang ca ng.
Nu ng st hoc ng t khng c hnh lang th ng
hoc cng phi di trn 2 m k t mp ng.
Nu tuyn cp giao cho vi ng st in kh th ng hoc
cng ngm lun cp phi lm bng vt liu cch in.
u ng phi c chn kn bng dy gai (ay) trn t st
khng thm nc su vo trong ng t nht 30 mm.
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi cc ng nhnh chuyn dng ca x
nghip cng nghip c mt lu thng nh th cp c th chn trc
tip trong t.
Khi ng cp phi chui ra ngoi tri th khong cch ti thiu t
mp ng hay y nn ti ch chui ra khng nh hn 3,5 m.
Ch giao cho vi ng tu in, cp phi t trong ng cch
in, ch giao cho phi cch t nht 3 m n cc v tr c bit
ca ng tu ( ng r, ghi v.v... ).
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng tu in th khong cch
t cp n ray gn nht khng nh hn 2m. Trong iu kin trt hp
cho php gim khong cch ni trn nhngcp phi t trong ng cch
in trn sut on i gn.
Khi ng cp t song song vi ng t th cp phi t
ngoi rnh ng v cch vch t nht 1 m.
Trng hp c bit, nu c s ng ca c quan qun l ng c
th gim bt khong cch trn.
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng dy ti in trn khng
in p 110 KV tr ln th khong cch t tuyn cp n hnh chiu
ca dy dn gn nht khng c nh hn 10m.
Khong cch t tuyn cp n cc phn ni t ca ct iu kin
t 1 KV tr ln khng nh hn 10 m, di 1 KV l 1 m vfa 0,5 m nu cp
t trong ng.
Khi cc tuyn cp giao cho nhau, gia chng phi cch nhau
bng mt lp t dy 0,5 m. Cho php gim khong cch trn xung
cn 0,25 m nu gia hai tuyn cp c phn cch nhau bng tm b
tng, hoc cp lun trong ng trong phm vi 1 m tnh t ch giao
cho ra.
Lc th cp thng tin phi t trn cp in lc v cp c in
p thp hn t trn cp c in p cao hn.

Khi tuyn cp t song song vi ng ng th khong cch

gia chng khng c b hn 0,5m. Ring vi ng dn du v dn kh
t t nht phi l 1 m.
Nu cp t trong ng th cho php khong cch trn cn 0,25
m trn sut ton b on i gn.
Cm t cp song song trn hoc di ng ng trong cng
mt mt phng thng ng vi ng ng.
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi ng ng, k c ng ng du v
kh t khong cch t nht gia chng phi l 0,5 m khong cch
trn cn 0,25 m nu cp lun trong ng ch giao cho ( mi pha ra
1 m ).
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi ng ng dn nhit th khong
cch ti vtche yng ng dn nhit t nht phi l 0,5 m. Khi c
ng ng dn nhit phi cch nhit trn on giao cho cng thm 2
m v mi pha v m bo sao nhit ca t ch y khng tng
thm 100C so vi nhit cao nht ma h v 150C vo ma ng.
Nu iu kin v nhit trn khng m bo c th thc hin
cc bin php sau:
1. Ch chn su cp n 0,5 m ch khng phi 0,7 m.
2. Dng cp c mt ct ln hn:
3. Cho cp vo ng v chn xung di ng ng dn nhit t nht l
0,5 m. Lc phi t ng sao cho khi cnthay cp khng cn phi
o t.
Khi tuyn cp i song song vi ng ng dn nhit th khong
cch gia chng t nht phi l 2m hoc l trn ng ng d nhit
phi c cch nhit trn ton b on i gn cp m ba t
khng tng qu 100C vo bt k thi gian no trong nm.
8.4- t cp trong ng ng, mng v trong cc gian sn xut.
t cp trong ng cng, mng cng nh cc gian sn xut
khng c dng loi g c v gai bc ngoi. Tr trng hp cho php t
loi cp cc gian m t, c bit m t v c mi trng n mn
ho hc v kim loi ca cp.
Thng thng trn cc on thng t ngang ca cc khong
cch ca cc gi cp phi l 0,8 n 1 m hoc theo quy nh ca
thit k i vi mi loi cp.
Nu cp khng c ai thp d l v nhm hay ch, ch t ln
gi phi c m lt mm.
Nu cp v nhm trn i men theo tng gch trt va hoc tng
b tng th phi c khong h cch gia tng v cp. Trng hp tng
c sn du th cho php cp i st tng.

VII-34. Khi t cp trong nn nh hay trong sn gc phi t cp

trong ng hay mng rnh. Cm chn cp trc tip trong cc kt cu
xy dng.
Khi t cp nn cc nn hoc kt cu bng g, khng c trt
lng th gia cp th gia cp v nn phi c khong trng t nht l
50 mm. Trong cc gian c tng trn bng g, cp khng c ai thp
phi t trong ng hoc hp bng cht khng chy.
Khi cp xuyn qua tng sn bng g, cp phi t trong ng v
u phi nh ra mi bn t nht l 50 mm, gia cp v ng phi chn
cht bng vt liu khng chy nh b tng, va v.v... Nu on ng
nh ra khi mp tng hoc mp sn 100 mm tr ln th khng cn
chn, nhng cp khng c gn tng di 50mm.
Trong mng cp th cp cng khng phi t trn gi nu
mng khng su qu 0,5 m th cho php t cp xung y mng.
b) Nu hai bn thnh ng cng u c gi cp, th cp kim tra v
cp in lc di 1 KV nn t v mt bn, cn bn kia t cp trn 1
KV.
c) Cp trn 1 KV lm vic v d phng ca my pht in, my bin
p v.v... cung cp in cho cc h tiu th cp I nn t hai hng
gi khc nhau.
Nu tt c cc cp cng t y mng th khong cch gia
nhm cp in lc trn 1 KV vi nhm cp kim tra t nht phi l 100
mm hoc gia chng phi phn cch nhau bng mt vch chn
khng chy.
Khong cch nh nht cho php gia tng si cp ring r nu strong
bng VII-2 sau y:

Khong cch nh nht i vi cng trnh cp.

Tn gi, kch thc
- Chiu cao
Khong cch nm ngang gia
hai gi khi t chng thnh 2
hng ( gia c li i li )
Khong cch t gi n tng
khi t 1 hng( c cha li i
li )

Kch thc nh nht khi t cp ( mm )

- Trong ng
Trong
- Tng ng trong gin cp mng cp
1800
Khng
quy
nh
1000

100

900

300

+ i vi cp in lc, s lng
cp trn gi t 2 - 4 v khi in
p ca n:
- n 10 KV
200
150
- 20 - 35 KV
250
200
Khong cch gia cp kim tra Khng quy nh
v cp thng tin
Ghi ch: Khong cch trn cng c p dng cho cp t trong hm
cp.
Cm dng ct lp cc tuyn cp in lc t trong mng,
tr cc gian d n.
Vic t cp trong ng cng, trong mng cngnh trong cc
gian khc phi t cc yu cu sau:
a) Thng thng cp kim tra phi t di cp in lc, ring cp in
lc di 1 KV cho php t ngang hng vi cp kim tra.
Kch thc ca cng trnh cp, chiu cao cng trnh, chiu rng
hnh lang v khong cch gia cp n cc cu khc khng c nh
hn cc tr s nu trong bng VII-1.
ni cht hp, cho php gim chiu rng ca hnh lang xung
cn 0,6 m n 1 on di 0,5m.
8.5. t cp trong Blc v ng.
Trc khi lp t cc Blc lun cp th bn xy lp v bn qun
l khai thc cp sau ny phi tin hnh nghim thu cn thn.
Khi nghim thu phi kim tra nh sau:
-Tuyn cp theo thit k.
- su trn cp.
-Cng vic chng thm cho cp.
-Khong cch t b mt Blc cp n cao mt bng.
Ti cc ch ni Blc hay ni ng vi nhau th cc u ng v
u Blc phi gia cng nhn khi lm hng cp khi ko cp v
khi khai thc cp.
ng knh trong ca ng lun cp t nht phi ln hn 1,5 ln ng knh ngoi ca cp. Ring cp c rut mt si t 25 - 70 mm 2 th
phi ln hn t nht 2 ln. Cc l ca Blc khng c nh hn 90 mm.
Khi t cp trong ng chn di t, khong cch gia ng lun
cp vi cc cng trnh ging nh khi chn cp trc tip trong t.
Trong ging cp th cp v hp cp phi k trn gi hoc c b
.

Trc khi lun cp vo Blc hay ng th cp nn bi m vadlin

trung tnh.
8.6- t cp bi ly, on bn ly v di nc.
Khi cp giao cho vi sui, bi ct bi, mng nc v.v... th cp phi
c lun trong ng.
y knh, sng v.v... ch t cp phi bng phng khng c
ch mp m sc nhn lm hng cp hoc lm cp phi chu lc c
hc. Nu vng chng ngi vt nh ( tng ... ) th tuyn cp phi i
vng hoc dn sch chng ngi vt hoc chn xuyn cp qua chng.
Khi tuyn cp giao cho vi sng, knh v.v... cp phi c chn
su di y nh sau:
a) t nht l 0,8 m on ven b v ch nc nng.
b) t nht l 0,5 m cc on c tu b qua li.
c) cc on c tu b qua li, lng sng thng xuyn no vt th
su chn cp phi tho thun vi c quan qun l ng thu
khong cachs gia hai cp chn di y sng khng c nh hn
0,25m.
Khi ng cp giao cho vi sng c dng chy mnh hoc y
sng c ngm, th cho php t cp trc tip y sng. Khi
, khong cch gia cc hng cp khng nh hn 10% chiu rng
ca sng, nhng khng c nh hn 20 m. Ch cp ra khi mt nc phi
chn su xung t hoc cho vo trong ng bo v.
on cp vt sng phi d phng ni bn b t nht 10m v
khi t di bin l 30m.
i vi b sng xy k... th ch cp chui ra phi xy ging
cp.
Ti cc ch b sui, b sng thng b st l th bo v ng
cp bng cch xy k p quai, c v.v...
Cm khng cho cc ng cp giao cho vi nhau di nc.
Ti ch cp giao cho vi sng, knh phi c bin bo hiu theo
quy nh ca ngnh giao thng ng thu.
8.7- Ni cp v lm u cp.
Cng tc lm u cp, ni cp phi lm theo ch dn bng VI6 ca hng dn ny.
Lm u cp loi c cch in bng giy tm du in p n
10KV c th khng dng phu cp ( lun rut cp qua cc ng ch, cao
su nha v.v... ) hoc c th dng phu bng tn ( thp ).

Trnghp cn thit nu thit k quy nh th phi dng hp cp

c bit bng ngang, bng kim loi c cch in ( s ).
i vi cp in p t 3 KV tr ln c v ch hay nhm, phi dng
cc hp ni bng nha epoxy bng ch, bng ng hoc ng
thau.
Vi cp in p di 1 KV c v ch hoc nhm, nu chn trc tip
trong t, cng c th dng hp ni bng gang. Khi cp t h th
cho php ni trong hp ni bng nha epoxy hoc ch.
Nu cp chn trc tip trong t m c mi ni th khong
cch t mp thn hp ni ti cp i cnh n t nht phi l 250mm.
Nu khong trn khng m bo th phi c bin php bo v cc
hp ni t t gn cp khc ( xy gch, chn su thm hp ni cp
).
Hp ni phi sp t sao cho rut cp khng gy ra lc cng c hc
cho ng ni v lm hng mi ni ( bng cch chn cp, lm cn bng
lc cng ca cp ).
Khng cho php c hp ni nhng ch tuyn cp t dc ng v
ch mng nc xi. Nu cn t ti ch th bt buc phi to ra
mt phng ngang ch hp ni.
Vic ni cp t trong cc Blc nht thit phi thc hin trong
hp ni t trong ging cp.
i vi cc ng cp in p t 2KV tr ln c v bng cao su v
trong ng mm bng cao su th ch ni phi tin hnh bng cch lu
ho nng ri qut nha chng m.
Nhit ca nha cp c bitum hay nha thng khi vo
hp cp khng c vt qu cc tr s sau y:
+ 1900C i vi cp cch in bng giy.
+ 1100 C i vi cp cch in bng cao su.
+ 1300C i vi cp c v bng cht do.
cc hp cp c s, nhit nha vo khng c qu 1300 - 140
0
C . Trc khi , hp cp v s phi c sy nng n 600C.
Phn u cp loi cch in bng cao su c th dng phn thp
hay phu nha y paraphin. Nu u cp trong nh c th
dng u cp kh c qun bng nha hay bng vi.
Vic ni, phn nhnh cp cch in bng cao su th phi dng
hp ni bng ch hoc gang y paraphin. Cn trong nh cho
php ni kh bng bng cch in, sau qut sn m khng phi
t trong hp ni, nu khng c kh nn h hng do c hc.
Cc rut cp c cch in bng giy, u phu phi c qun
bng bng nha hoc bng vi c qut sn chng m, hoc ng cao
su chu du hay ng nha chu nhit v nh sng.

Cc rut cp c cch in bng cao su cng phi thc hin cch

qun u ra nh iu trn. Ngoi ra c th qut lp nha sn Mairit
( IKZ).
Tu theo nhit cch in, chiu di rut th ra khi phu
cp t trong nh khng c b hn:
+ 150mm i vi cp di 1 KV.
+ 200 mm i vi cp di 3 KV.
+ 200 mm i vi cp di 6 KV
+ 400 mm i vi cp 10 KV.
Bn knh un pha trong ca rut cp khng c nh hn 12 ln ng
knh ngoi ca rut i vi cp cch in bng giy, 3 ln i vi cp
cch in bng cao su.
8.8- t cp trong cc gian d n v cc thit tr ngoi tri
d n.
Cc yu cu ca mc ny c p dng lp t mi loi cp
in lc 1 chiu v xoay chiu trong cc gian d n v cc thit
tr ngoi tri d n.
Cm t hp ni cp v hp r nhnh cp trong cc gian d n,
st gn cc thit b cng ngh ca cc thit tr ngoi tri d n.
Cp phi t xa cc van, cc bnh ngng t v cc thit b cng
ngh khc theo ng thit k ch dn, nhng khng c h hn 100
mm.
Cp khng c c lp bc bng cht d chy ( si gai, bi tum v.v... )
Ti ch ng cp giao cho vi ng ng ho cht c tnh n
mn, cp phi c lun trong ng thp ( loi thnh mng ) v c nh
chc chn.
Cc l trong nn nh lun cp qua v cc ng phi bt kn
bng vt liu khng chy.
Trong cc gian cp B-I v B-Ia c cha hi v kh nng c trng lng ring ln hn 0,8 so vi khng kh trong cc gian cp B-II, cc mng
cp phi lp y ct.
Nu cp t trong mng i st tng ca cc gian d n cp BI, B-Ia, nht thit phi dng ct lp mng trn 1 on di 1,5 m k
t ch cp chui vo mng.
on cp i t cc b phn ca nh n cc thit b cng ngh
tnh ti m khi lm vic c th lm bn ho cht n mn vo cp th
phi bao che on cp bng vt liu khng chy. Kch thc ca hp
sao cho phi m bo ni cp d dng on i ti tng.

Ch cp i trong cc my in, cc kh c in nht thit phi

dng hp u cp, c chn gi chc chn, khe h gia cp v hp
khng phi chn kn.
Trong cc nh cp B-Ia v B-IIa, i vi my cng sut ln khng
c hp u vo ( nh ng c c tc chm v phng n cao )
th c th dng phu cp hay hp u cp kiu kh, t trong cc
hp chng bi t ch ch c nhn vin qun l c php n.
cc thit tr ngoi tri cp B-I, cc ng thp lun dy dn v
cp c qun ai thp, t trn cu ni i chung vi ng ng cng
ngh khc, cho php t trong nhng trng hp sau:
1) V pha cc ng cng ngh dn cht khng chy.
2) di cc ng ng dn kh hoc hi nng c t trng ring b hn
0,8.
3) Trn ng ng du kh hoc hi nng c t trng ln hn 0,8.
8.9- Cch sn v k hiu.
Khi t h cp v ch hoc v nhm khng c ai thp, hoc
c ai thp nhng khng c lp bc ngoi, cc kt cu cp, hp cp,
phu cp u phi sn.
a) Sn du hoc nha- khi t trong nh c mi trng bnh thng.
b) Dng sn chng tc ng ho hc thch hp - Khi t trong mi trng c tnh n mn nhm, ch,,thp.
c) bng nha ng hoc loi tng t khi t ngoai nh.
Cc hp ni cp v cc kt cu ca cp chn trong t hoc t d i
nc phi qut nha ng hoc bi tum nng.
Mi ng cp in t 2 KV tr ln phi c s hiu ring hay tn
gi ring. Nu c ng cp gm nhiu cp song song vi nhau th mi
si cp phi c cng s hiu nh nhau, c thm ch A, B, C...
Nhng cp t h v tt c cc hp cp, phu cp, u phi c bin
nh ghi r: in p, mt ct, s hiu hay tn gi.
Ring hp ni v phu th phi ghi r: s hiu ngy thng thi cng,
tn ngi lm.
Ring tm bin hp u cp cn phi c s hiu, k hiu ca cc
im ko cp i v dn ti, bin phi chng c h hng v iu
kin mi trng xung quanh.
Cc bin hiu ca cp t trong mng, trong cng di t
hoc trong nh, phi t ch cp chuyn hng c hai pha ch
cp xuyn qua sn, tng, ch cp i vo mng, cc ging cp, trn
hp ni, phu cp v.v...

Cc bin hiu phi lm bng vt liu sau:

a) Bng cht do, nhm, tn c qut sn nu t trong nh c cu
kin bnh thng.
b) cht do, nhm hoc tn sn k nu t trong nh m t hoc
ngoi tri.
c) Bng cht do: Nu t trong nh c tnh n mn thp v khi t di t.
Ch s k hiu ghi trn bin trong iu kien bnh thng c
th vit bng sn tt - cc ch c bit th phi dp hoc c.
Bin k hiu phi buc vo cp dy thp m km c ng knh
t 1 - 2 mm tr trng hp c bit c quy nh ring.
Vic buc dy thp, phi lm chc chn, sau khi buc phi
qut bi tum chng g.
Bin ca cp phn tch v hp ni t trong t phi qun 2,
3 lp bng nha trnh khi b h hng.

Chng IX
ng dy ti in trn khng ( DK )
in p ti 220 KV.
9.1- Yu cu chung.
Khi xy lp DK iu kin in p ti 220 KV nht thit tun
theo quy trnh ny. H thng in kh ho giao thng v cc dng h
thng in chuyn dng khc c qui trnh v ch dn ring quy phm
ring.

Nhng cng vic xy lp DK phi thc hin theo ng thit

k, theo tiu chun xy dng Nh nc, quy phm trang thit b in (
QT ) v quy phm k thut an ton hin hnh.
Nhng cng vic pht sinh ngoi thit k, trong tng trng hp
c th phi c s ng ca c quan thit k, c quan giao thu
( Ban QLCT ) v c quan qun l cp trn.
thc hin c hiu qu nhng cng vic ch yu ca cng
trnh iu kin, c quan xy lp phi m bo thc hin cc yu
cu sau:
- Lp thit k t chc thi cng ( TCTC ).
- Chun b chu o vt t, k thut v nhn lc.
- Nng cao vic s dng c gii khi thi cng v ng dng tin b k
thut trong thi cng.
- Nghin cu t chc thi cng hp l.
Thit k t chc thi cng ( TCTC ) DK iu kin t 35 KV tr
ln phi bao gm cc ni dung sau:
- S t chc thi cng.
- Phn on, tuyn thi cng.
- c im k thut cng trnh.
- Bng tng hp khi lng thi cng ch yu.
- Biu tin thi cng.
- Cc bin php thi cng ch yu ( km theo cc s cng ngh thi
cng nh o c mng, lp rp dng ct, ri v cng dy v.v... ).
- B tr kho bi tip nhn v vn chuyn vt t v thit b ra
tuyn.
- Phn b nhn lc theo nhu cu tin cho tng on tuyn.
- Nhu cu cung cp xe my, cu kin, vt liu v ph kin mc dy
cho tng on tuyn theo tin .
- T chc c s gia cng c kh v sa cha xe my trn tuyn.
- Xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr tm thi ( nh ca, in nc, thng
tin lin lc, kho bi v.v... ).
- Bin php thi cng c bit cho cc on iu kin thi cng bn
cnh ng dy ang mang in, dng ct v ri cng dy phi yu
cu ct in, thi cng nhng ch vt ng dy in lc 35 - 110 KV
v ng st in kh ho, dch chuyn cc cng trnh xy dng
c ra khi hnh lang an ton ca tuyn DK.
- Nhng vn an ton cho cng vic xy lp ch yu:
i vi DK in p 35 KV nu khng c c im k thut
phc tp th cho php thc hin n gin ngn gn, nhng phi c

y ti liu cn thit tin hnh ch o t chc thi cng c

hiu qu.
C quan giao thu ( Ban QLCT ) phi chuyn cho bn xy lp
nhng ti liu sau y:
- n thit k c duyt ( bao gm c thit k t chc xy
dng cng trnh ).
- Giy php cp t xy dng.
- Nhng ti liu php l c tho thun thng nht ca cc c
quan c lin quan n vic thi cng cng trnh nh:
+ S trng dng phn t c php tin hnh thi cng trn tuyn.
+ c php lm vic nhng ni c iu kin, ng dy thng
tin, nhng on ng st, ng t cp I ang khai thc v nhng
ni c cng trnh ngm khc ( ng cp in lc, ng cp thng
tin, ng ng hi, nc, du v.v... )
+ c php cht cy pht tuyn v dch chuyn cng trnh xy
dng trn phn t c tin hnh thi cng.
C quan giao thu ( Ban QLCT ) phi giao tim mc tuyn DK
cho bn xy lp cng vi cc ti liu k thut v nn mng ca tuyn
khng t hn 1 thng trc khi thi cng. Nhng cng vic trc c
thng tuyn v gic mng do bn xy lp lm.
Ghi k hiu cc tim mc DK phi dng sn. Cc phi b tr sao
cho khng gy tr ngi giao thng nhng ni c kh nng h hng
cc phi c bo v.
Khi nhn ct in bng b tng ct thp phi kim tra nh sau:
- L lch xut xng bao gm: ngy ch to, ngy xut xng, mc b
tng v dng ct thp.
- C k hiu ct vit bng sn, phn ct khng sn di t.
- Khng c vt r v vt trn b mt ct vi kch thc khng qu 10
mm theo mi pha. Cc vt r v v nh hn 10 mm khng c nhiu
hn 2 trn 1 mt di, cc vt r v v ny phi c trt phng bng
va xi mng - ct cp phi 1: 2.
Ct b tng ly tm khng c c nhiu hn mt vt nt dc ct
vi b rng ti 0,2mm trong cng mt mt ct, khng c c vt nt
ngang ct - vi b rng qua 0,2 nu ct dng ct thp thanh v khng
c 0,1 mm nu ct c dng ct thp nhiu si.
S lngvt nt dc c b rng ti 0,1 mm l ki hn ch, cc vt
nt c b rng t 0,1 n 0,2 mm phi c ph kn bo v.
VIII-9. Khi nhn tr mng v cc mng bng b tng ct thp phi
kim tra nh sau:
- L lch xut xng bao gm: Ngy ch to, ngy xut xng, mc b
tng v dng ct thp.
- Ghi k hiu tr mng v ct bng sn.

- Khng c c vt nt v st v mt b tng c bu lng no.

Tt c nhng chi tit kim loi ca ct g v ct b tng ct thp
phi sn hoc m chng g theo quy nh ca thit k.
Kt cu ct thp khi ch to, lp rp phi theo ng thit k,
ghi nhn kt cu a vo xy lp phi kim tra nh sau:
L lch ct ca nh my ch to c ch r v kiu ct, m hiu
v chng ch thp, m hiu que hn, s th t ca tng b phn chi
tit ct, ngy thng sn xut.
Vic ghi s hiu ct phi ph hp vi s lp rp ca nh my
v bn v thit k. Sn hoc m chng g cho ct phi thc hin ti
nh my, v ph hp vi thit k.
Khi nhn cch in v ph kin mc dy phi ki m tra nh
sau:
- Phi c ti liu kim tra cht lng tng l cch in ca nh my ch
to. Trn b mt cch in khng c c vt nt, st m, hng men
v cc khuyt tt khc. Cc cch in c nhng khuyt tt k trn
phi loib, ph kin mc dy khng c c cc vt nt, r. ai c
phi vn ra lp vo d dng sut chiu di ren lp bo v khng c
c khuyt tt. Tt c cc ph kin mc dy u phi c chng ch
k thut ca nh my ch to.
Tt c cc kt cu ca ct thp, ct b tng ct thp, tr mng
v ct mng b tng ct thp kho bi phi c bin php bo
qun cht lng tt.
Trong trng hp phi thi cng bn cnh ng dy ang mang
in, cc khong vt sng, vt ng dy in lc v thng tin, vt
ng st, ng b v.v... th cc bn giao thu ( QLCT ) nhn thu
( xy lp ) v cc c quan c lin quan phi lp cc vn bn tho
thun bao gm ni dung sau:
- Ngy v gi thi cng, ngy v gi cm cc tu thuy xe c hot
ng v.v... ngy v gi tt in, bin php bo v nhng cng
trnh nm k iu kin trnh h hng, bin php k thut an
ton cho tng phn vic thi cng ch yu, h tn ngi ch huy tthi
cng ca bn c quan xy lp. H tn ngi i din chp c quan
gim st, bin php t chc thc hin cc cng vic c th t khi
cng n khi hon thnh.
Khi xy lp DK vng ni c a hnh phc tp cng nh khi
xy lp cc khong vt c bit th lc bt u cc cng vic c

bn phi lm ng tm mbo cung cp vt t, thit b v c

gii thi cng cho tng v tr.
Cng tc o c mng, lp dng ct phi tin hnh theo s
cng ngh c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng. i vi tng
khong no phi c s cng ngh ri v cng dy cho ph hp vi
a hnh c th ca tng khu vc.
9.2- Cng tc vn chuyn.
Trc khi vn chuyn ct in, cc loi tr mng v cc mng b
tng ct thp ra tuyn thi c quan xy lp phi kho st tnh trng
cc tuyn ng cho ph hp vi phng tin vn chuyn. Nu trn
tuyn ng cn phi ci to sa cha cu, ng th c quan thi
cng phi tho thun vi c quan thit k b sung d ton.
Khi vn chuyn nhng ct c chiu di ln phi dng xe ko ct
chuyn dng v phi c bin php chng buc chc chn. Khi bc r
ct ln xung phng tin vn ti phi dng cu hoc thit b tng ng. Cm by ct gy nt v ct. Khi vn chuyn tr mng v cc
mng b tng ct thp phi c bin php bo v bu lng khng b h
hng. Cm dng bin php by lt cu kin di chuyn trn mt
bng.
Ru l dy dn v dy chng st khi vn chuyn phi lun lun
t th thng ng ( t th ln ).
Cch in khi vn chuyn phi c bao gi trong thng g, trnh
vn chuyn chung cch in vi cc vt rn, c kh nng va p gy
h hng.
9.3 - Pht tuyn.
Khi bt u t chc cng vic pht tuyn phi tun theo
nhng qui nh nu phn trn, ngoi ra phi c bin php k
thut thi cng v bin php an ton phng trnh tai nn.
Gc cy sau ca ct khng c cao trn mt t khng qu 10
cm , i vi cy c ng knh ti 30 cm v khng qu 1/3 ng knh
ca cy khi ng knh ln hn 30 cm v ti v tr ct th phi ca ct
di mt t.
Khi Tuyn DK qua rng v cy xanh ( cy n qu ) khng
nht thit phi pht tuyn. Quy nh khong cch t dy dn c
vng thp nht khi nhit cao nht v b gi thi nging lch ti
cy v khng c nh hn 1 m. Ngoi ra cn phi xem thm quy
phm trang b in ( QT).

Vic dn sch tuyn DK thi cng l do c quan m nhn

pht tuyn thc hin. Khng c cht cc bi cy vng t d b
si l trong thi gian ma l, gp trng hp nh vy phi thc hin theo
quy nh ca quy phm trang b in ( QT) v khong cch dy
dn ti cy xanh.
G cy c xp ng trn tuyn trong thi gian thi cng phi
c bin php phng chng chy.
9.4 - Cng tc lm mng.
o t h mng DK phi thc hin theo quy nh v o
t v s cng ngh c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng. Trc
khi o phi gic mng chnh xc.
y h mng sau khi o phi dn sch s, bng phng, v phi
kim tra cao tng i ca y so vi thit k. Sa phng y h
mng bng phng php xn phng t khng lm h hng kt
cu nguyn th ca t y mng. Ch cho php p t lm
phng mt bng y h khi c chnh di 100 mm v sau phi
tin hnh m k.
y h mng no phi lm sch v phng theo gc nging quy
nh ca thit k. Nu sai v nging th khng c vt qu 10%.
H hnh tr dng cho ct ly tm chn trc tip phi o
bngmy khoan, trng hp o bng th cng th kch thc h mng
v bin php gia c phi theo ng thit k quy nh.
Cho php dng n mn, p t to h hnh tr i vi loi t
st, st v t do. trong phng php n mn ny th thuc n
c tnh ton nh lng phn b theo chiu su ca l khoan mi c
ng knh 70cm.
Khi tin hnh n mn to h mng k trn phi c php ca
c quan chuyn mn ( cng an ) v phi chu s gim st cht ch ca
c quan .
Cho php hon chnh h mng, ni t bng phng php
n mn, gii hn an ton ca vng n mn phi tun theo quy phm
an ton v n mn.
Cng nhn vin lm vic n mn phi c st hch kim tra k
thut nh mn v quy phm an ton v cng tc n mn, ng
thi phi c s nht k n mn.

Ch cho php n mn khi tri sng, cm n mn khi tri cha

sng r hoc khi c ging bo. Cng vic n mn phi tin hnh cn
trng trong mt phng n k thut chnh xc v thng nht d s
ch huy ca mt ngi chu trch nhim chnh.
Nu trong h mng c nc trc khi lp t mng hoc c
mng hay lp t h mng phi tin hnh bm nc ra ngoi.
su y h mng phi theo ng thit k. Trng hp o h
mng kh thc hin su thit k th phi c c quan thit k
ng .
Khi thi cng tr mng v cc mng b tng ct thp phi tun
theo quy phm xy dng nn v mng. Cc mi hn hoc cc lin kt
ca cc tr mng lp ghp phi c bo v chng r. Trc khi hn
phi co sch r cc chi tit hn. i vi mng b tng ct thp c
sn nu c b dy ca lp b tng bo v nh hn 30mm v tt c
cc mng t mi trng xm thc phi c bin php bo v.
Mi trng xm thc c tc hi ti b tng phi c c quan kho
st thm d a cht xc nh bng phn tch ho hc. V tr trn
tuyn DK c mi trng xm thc v tr ct trn tuyn DK phi c
ch dn trong thit k.
Sau khi c mng hoc lp t mng ng yu cu k thut
v ng thit k th tin hnh lp vn bn nghim thu v lp mng.
t lp mng phi ph hp vi thit k v c m nn cn thn theo
tng lp.
Dng lp t tr mng lp ghp ch c tho sau khi
lp t n cao 1/2 mng.
Chiu cao lp t au m nn cn phi tnh ti kh nng ln
ca t p.
Sai s cho php trong lp t mng v cc mng lp ghp
phi thc hin theo bng VIII-1.
Bng VIII-1
TT
Tn gi

1
2

Sai s cho php i vi

ct
Khng dy C
dy
no
no
chnh lc bng phng y h mng
10 mm
10 mm
Khong cch gi cc tr ca cc tr mng 20 mm
50 mm
trong mt phng

3
4
5
6

Chnh lch cao trnh pha trn mt tr 20 mm

mng
Gc nghing trc dc ca tr mng
00, 30'
Gc nghing ca trc mng no
S dch chuyn tr mng trong mt
phng

20 mm
1030'
2030'
50 mm

Phi dng nhng ming m thp khi lp rp ct chnh s

chnh lch cao trnh mt trn tr mng.
Khi c mng b tng ti ch phi thc hin theo qui phm xy
dng kt cu b tng ct thp.
Sai lch kch thc ca bu lngmng chn ct khng c vt qua:
- Khongcch theo chiu ngang gia cc tr bu lng chn ct l 10
mm.
- Chnh lc cao trn nh bu lng chn ct 20 mm
9.5 - Lp rp v dng ct.
Mt bng lp rp mi v tr ct phi m bo thun li cho
vic thi cng cc chi tit. Ngoi ra cn phi tnh ti ng qua li phc
v lp, dng ct ca cc phng tin c gii, vn ti. Lp rp ct phi
tin hnh theo ng trnh t v s cng ngh c lp trong
thit k t chc thi cng.
Lp rp ct g phi ph hp vi bn v thit k. Cht lng lin kt
bu lng lp rp ct phi m bo theo yu cu sau:
Kch thc quy cch bu lng, phi ng thit k khng cho php
lp bu lng c ng knh nh hn vo l lin kt khng trng tm gi
hai chi tit ghp. Bu lng phi i sut v cht l khoan. Lin kt bu
lng th trc phi thng gc vi mt phng lin kt v phn ren bu
lng khng c n su vo pha trong hn 1 mm.
u bu lng v ai c phi tip xc cht vi mt phng chi tit
lin kt v vng m, phn nh ra ca bu lng khng c nh hn 40
mm v khng ln hn 100 mm.
ai c phi xit cht ti chi v phi ph ren c su
khng ln hn 3 mm hoc phi xit thm mt ai c chng t tho.
Ti tt c cc ai c cao ln 3 m k t mt t phi dng phng
php ph ren chng t tho.

Vng m phi t di ai c t 1 n 2 ci. Cm khng c s

rnh di vng m. Trng hp phn ren bu lng khng di xit
cht lin kt bu lng th cho php t thm mt vng m u
bulng.
Trc khi dng ct b tng ct thp nht thit phi kim tra li
xem b mt thn ct c b st, nt v v qu tiu chun cho php
hay khng.
Nu c, phi x l theo iu ch dn trn. B mt ch v, xc di tiu chun khi x l phi x x khng nhn m bo lin kt
cht vi lp va xi mng - ct trt v.
Kim tra cht lng ng hn ca thp ngoi hin trng, thng
thng quan st bng mt bng o kch thc ng hn, tin hnh g
nghe m thanh. Khi ngi kim tra yu cu khoan kim tra
cht lng ng hn th ch cho php khoan khng qu 1 mi trn
tng chiu di 20 m ng hn. Cng nhn hn tham gia hn kt cu
ct thp phi l cng nhn chuyn nghip v hn.
Sai s cho php khi lp rp ct thp phi tun theo quy phm
v ch to, lp rp v tip nhn kt cu thp.
Cp thp dng lm dy no ct, phi c lp bo v chng g,
cp phi c ch to v ghi s hiu cho tng v tr ct trn tuyn v
vn chuyn ti tng v tr tng ng.
Cp thep dng thi cng phi tt u cp v tnh ton cho
ph hp vi yu cu k thut.
Cp thp thi cng phi c kim tra ti trng thi im bt
u dng ct vo mng bng cch nng ti cao khng qu 30
cm tnh t mt t hoc mt gi k. Vic nng ti phi tin hnh
t t u n, nu khng b tut t, gy l c. Khi tin hnh
dng ct vt phc tp phi c bin php ring c lp trong thit k t
chc thi cng. i vi ct bnh thng th theo s cng ngh lp
dng nh hnh.
Chn chn ct vo h hnh tr cho ct ly tm chn trc tip c tin hnh sau khi dng ct v iu chnh ng v tr thit k.
Lp chn ct phi lm ng theo yu cu ca thit k quy nh v
m cht bng cng c chuyn dng.
Vic chn chn ct b tng ct thp, g, thp vo l mng hnh
cc phi tin hnh sau khi dng ct vo ng v tr thit k v kim
tra c nh ct bng nm b tng c sn, lp va chn chn ct
phi theo quy nh ca thit k v phi lm trong cng ngy dng c.

Trc khi dng ct theo phng php bn l xoay th tr mng

kiu nm v cc mng phi b tr thanh chng lc y ca bn l
vo mng khi dng ct. Cm dng ct khi cha hon thin cng vic
lm mng, lp mng v thanh chng k trn.
Ghi nht k cng trnh thi cng mng v lp rp ct bo
m yu cu k thut, phn mng c bin bn nghim thu, th
ngi ph trch thi cng c php ra lnh dng ct vo mng. Trc khi
ra lnh dng ct, ngi ph trch thi cng phi cho tin hnh kim tra
cc cng vic nh sau:
- Kim tra mng, o li kch thc v tr bu lng mng chn ct xem
c sai lch so vi thit k khng ; phn ren bu lng mng c sch v
st v khng ? ai c c d vn v tho ra khng ?
- Kim tra cht lng lp rp ct, cht lng mi hn v sit cht bu
lng, ph ren bu lng chng t tho ... nu c thanh ct cong vnh
phi nn thng.
Khi dng ct bng phng php bn l xoay th phi kim tra
cc chi tit mi buc ca b dng v phi th ti thi im bt
u dng ct. Khi cn thit phi tnh ton gia c thm cho kt cu
ct bo m vng chc mi c tin hnh dng ct. Pha i din
vi chiu dng ct phi b tr thit b phanh hm chc chn. i vi
ct c dy no v ct ly tm khi dng nht thit phi c dy tng
cnh m bo tr ct lun trng vi tim hng dng ct.
Cc phng n k thut lp dng ct phi tnh ton kh nng
chu lc ca ct v cc chi tit kt cu thi cng theo lc thi cng
m bo an ton trong sut qu trnh lp dng ct, khng lm bin
dng h hng ct.
Nhng ct t trn mng b tng ct thp hoc cc mng phi
c c nh cht bng bu lng mng chn ct, ai c bu lng chn
ct phi xit cht ti chi v phi ph ren chng hin tng t
tho, nhng su khng qu 3 mm.
Ti bu lng chn cc loi ct phi t 2 ai c v sau khi dng
ct, xit cht ai c phi c bao bc b tng theo yu cu thit k.
Khi c nh cht ct vo mng th ch cho php gia
chn ct v mt phng tr mng sai lch cao khng qu 40 mm.
m c chiu dy tng cng khng qu 40 mm. Kch thc v hnh
dng bn ngoi ca tm m phi xc nh theo thit k kt cu
ct.

Tin hnh kim tra ct theo chiu thng ng nu l ct

khng dy no v ct hnh th thng thng dng qu di, cn i
vi ct thp hnh thp phi dng my kinh v.
Sai lch cho php ca ct btng ct thp v ct khng dy
no so vi thit k phi tun theo bng VIII-2.
Bng VIII-2.
Tn gi

Tr s cho php
Ct g
1- Sailch ca ct so vi trc thng 1: 100
ng dc tuyn v ngang tuyn
2- Lc tim tuyn nh ra ngang 100 mm
tuyn vi khong ct ti 200 m
Ln hn 200 m
200
3- nghing ca x so vi mt 1 : 50
phng nm ngang
4- xoay ca x so vi trc thng 50
gc tuyn hoc chuyn v u x

Ct b tng
1 : 150
100 mm
200 mm
1 : 100
100 mm chuyn
v u x

Sai lch cho php i vi cng hnh phi theo bng VIII-3.

Bng VIII-3.
S
1
2
3
4
5
6

Tn gi

Sai
s
php
Sai lc thng ng theo dc v ngang
1 : 100
Lch tim tuyn ( nh ra ngang tuyn )
100 mm
Sai lch khong cch gia cc tr ct
100 mm
Sai lch cao trnh ca x ti v tr c nh vo x ct
80 mm
Sai lc cao trnh cc tr ca bulng lin kt c nh vo 50 mm
x ct
Chuyn v cc tr ct theo tm tuyn
50 mm

cho

Sai s cho php khi dng ct thp n phi ph hp vi yu cu ca

bng VIII-4.
Bng VIII-4.
S

Tn gi

Sai lc thng ng theo dc v ngang tuyn

Sai
s
php
1 : 200

cho

2
3

Chuyn v u x so vi trc thng gc vi tuyn

Lch ngang tuyn ( nh ra ngang tuyn ) vi khong ct
Ti 200 m
200 - 300 m
Ln hn 300 m

100 mm
100 mm
200 mm
300 mm

Sai s cho php khi dng ct thp hnh cng c dy no phi

theo bng VIII-5.
Bng VIII-5
S
1
2

3
4

Tn gi

Sai
s
php
Sai lc thng ng theo dc v ngang tuyn
1 : 200
Sai lch trc x so vi mt phng nm ngang khi chiu di x 100 mm
l L(m).
1 : 150 L
Ti 15 m
1 : 250 L
Ln hn 15 m
Chuyn v u x so vi trc thng gc vi tuyn
100 mm
Lch ngang tuyn khi chiu di thng ct:
ti 250 m
200 mm
Ln hn 250 m
300 mm
Thit b chng st, tip a phi c thc hin theo yu cu lp
t thit b chng st ca quy trnh ny.
9.6- Lp rp cch in v ph kin mc dy.
Cch in v cc ph kin mc dy phi m bo ph hp vi
tiu chun k thut Nh nc hin hnh v yu cu k thut ca nh
ch to.
La chn cch in v ph kin mc dy phi tin hnh t trc
khi chuyn ra tuyn. Mi l cch in phi c ti liu chng ch k
thut xut xng ca nh my ch to.
Trc khi lp rp cch in v ph kin mc dy phi kim tra
xem xt cn thn la chn chnh xc. S cch in phi m
bo, khng c vt nt, v, v phi lau sch sn, xi mng cng nh bi
bn khc bng d lau vi xng, cm dng bn chi st lm v sinh
cch in. cch in ca vt cch in phi c kim tra bng
mgmt 2500 V v trong cch in ca mi ci cch in
treo hoc ng khng c nh hn 300 Mga m.

cho

Thng thng lp t x tin hnh trong giai on lp rp ct

v lp cch in trong giai on dng ct hoc gii cng dy.
Chn cch in ng phi lp t chc chn vo x hoc
ct, v phi m bo thng ng cc loi cch in ng lp trn
x v ct phi ngay thng, loi cch in c chn ren th phi vn
chn ren n ht ren. Loi khng c chn ren phi chn chn bng
xi mng Poclng mc khng nh hn 400 - 500 v 60% ct vng sch,
khng nn va xi mng ct chn chn cch in qu dy.
Sau khi va xi mng ct chn chn cch in ng kt
chc chn th phi sn ph mt lp bitum mng 0,1 mm. Trc ca
chn cch in ng phi b tr thng ng ch cho php lp
t cch in ng vi gc nghing 45 0 nhng ch mc dy th
trng.
Nhng chi tit ph kin mc dy ni cch in, kiu treo phi
dng cht ch v mng ghp ni phi dng kho M cht ch v kho M
phi bng thp v c sn xut ti nh my ch to ph kin mc
dy, cm khng c thay bng ng.
Tt c cht ch v kho M phi b tr trn mt ng thng hng
v pha mt ct nu l ct cn i vi chui no th phi nm v
pha di.
9.7. Lp rp dy dn v dy chng st.
Dy nhm v dy nhm li thp khi lp rp vo kho hoc
no
(kho bu lng hoc kho nm) phi c tm m lt bng
nhm bo v, nu l dy ng phi c tm m lt bng ng.
C nh dy dn vo cch in ng bng cch dng si dy
dn qun buc theo s cng ngh lp t dy do thit k quy
nh.
ng knh si dy dn dng qun bn c nh dy dn vo
cch in ng phi tun theo bng VIII-6.
Bng VIII-6
Vt liu dy v dy Mt ct
buc
dn
Thp
bt k
Nhm
bt k

dy ng knh si du buc mm
2 + 2,7 mm
2,5 + 3,5 mm

M hiu v mt ct dy dn v dy chng st phi theo ng

thit k.
Khi tin hnh ni dy dn phi thc hin nh sau:

a) Dy ging ca ct no: Dng kho no bulng, kho nm, kho no

p, u ct p, pin hn nhit.
- Khi dy nhm li thp t 95 - 240 mm th ni dy trong dy ging dng pin
hn nhit.
- Khi dy nhm li thp mt ct t 300 mm tr ln dng u ni p.
b) Trong khong ct: Bng ng ni kiu xon, kiu p khc v p ton
thn.
- i vi dy nhm mt ct t 95 mm. Dy nhm li thp mt ct ti
180 mm v dy cp thp mt ct ti 50 mm th bng ng ni van
kiu xon.
- i vi dy nhm mt t 120 n 185 mm v dy dn bng thp
mt ct t 70 - 95 mm bng ng ni van xon hoc p khc v
hn pin nhit b sung.
- Dy nhm v dy nhm li thp mt ct t 240 mm tr ln bng
kho ni p ton thn.
Trong mi khong ct ch cho php khng nhiu hn 1 mi ni.
Khng cho php ni dy dn v chng st trong nhng khong vt
giao cho vi ng ph ng c ngi qua li. ng dy khng ln
hn 1000 V, ng dy thng tin, ng t, ng st, ng cp ...
cho cc loi dy dn mt ct nh hn 240mm.
Ch cho php mt mi ni cc on giao cho k trn cho cc
loi dy dn mt ct ln hn 240mm.
Khong cch nh nht t mi ni n kho kiu trt phi khng nh
hn 25 m. bn kp cht dy dn trong ng ni v kho no khng
c nh hn 90% bn gii hn ca dy dn v dy chng st c
ni. Sai lch kch thc ng ni khng c vt qu sai s cho php ca
nh ch to, sau khi p hoc xon nu ng ni xut hin vt nt th
phi loi b.
ng ni v kho no cng nh hm p phi ph hp vi m hiu ca
dy. Trong 1 b hm t c hai na phi cng thng nht 1 m hiu, ng knh hm p phi ph hp vi quy trnh p i dy, sai s cho
php v ng knh tiu chun ca hm p khng c vt qu 0,2 mm
v ng knh ca kho sau khi p khng c vt qu ng knh ca
hm p tiu chun l 0,3 mm, nu sau khi p khng tho mn c
iu kin k trn th phi p li theo mt b hm p mi cng loi.
Nu sau khi p li vn khng thc hin c theo ng knh yu cu
th phi ct b thay bng kho no hoc ng ni mi.
Nhng yu cu c bn i vi ng ni v kho no bao gm:

- Kch thc hnh hc phi ph hp vi yu cu quy trnh lp rp ca kiu

kho.
- Trn b mtca ng ni hoc kho no khng c c vt nt, han
g ng k v h hng phn c kha chu lc.
- cong vnh ca kho sau khi p khng c ln hn 3% so vi chiu
di ca kho.
- ng thp ca ng ni p phi b tr cn i trong v nhm.
- Tr s st p hoc in tr trong kho hay ng ni, khng c vt
qu 1,2 ln tr s st p hoc in tr ca on dy dn c cng
chiu di.
Nhng ng ni v kho no, kho khng c nghim thu k
thut, khng c chng ch xut xng, phi loi b khng c dng.
Hn pin nhit ni dy phi thc hin theo ng quy trnh k
thut. Khi thc hin mi hn pin nhit phi tun theo cc yu cu sau
y:
Khng c t chy cc si dy dn, r ch hn phi m bo
khng c su bng 1/3 ng knh ca si dy dn, ngoi ra
khng c lm cho dy b un cong ch hn. Nu mi hn khng
t yu cu k trn th phi loi b.
Khi dy dn nhiu si b h hng ( t mt s si ) phi tin
hnh xem xt nu trong phm v cho php th qun bo dng hoc
lp t ng v nu khng cn trong phm vi cho php phi ct ni
bng ng ni.
Cc dng sa cha dy dn h hng phi tun theo bng VIII-7 sau
y:
S lng si dy t
6 - 19
24 - 30
37 - 54
61 - 96
6-7
18 - 19
24 - 30
37 - 54
61 - 96
6-7
18 - 19
24 - 30

S si dy t hoc
thiu trn di 15
m
1
ti 3
-4
-5
2
3-5
4-8
5 - 10
6 - 13
3
6
9

Dng sa cha
Ch si t qun ai bo dng b vo ch thiu v t
ng v
Ch si t v ch thiu si
phi qun ai bo dng b
vo ch thiu hoc t ng
v

Phn h hng phi ct b v

37 - 54
61 - 96

11
14

t mt ng ni ni
dy

i vi ch h hng cc b ca dy dn ( ch lm c chiu su vt qu bn
knh ca si dy ) th dng sa cha cng theo bng VIII-7 v tnh vi 3
si h hng cc b tng ng vi hai si t. Khi trn dy dn c lp dy
pha ngoi b phng mt on L mm th ch h hng s t mt
ng v c chiu di L + 100 mm, hoc t hai ng v c chiu di nh
hn t cch nhau mt on 20 mm.
Khi ri dy dn phi t dy trn cp rng rc treo trn ct
phi dng bin php chng h hng dy theo b mt tip xc vi t
v cc vt cn khc trn a hnh.
Ri dy qua ng phi t dy nm trn dn gio cao
quy nh. Trong trng hp cn thit nhng ch c kh nng gy h
hng dy th phi c bin php thch hp bo v dy.
Lp rp dy dn trong khong vt phi tin hnh theo thi gian
cho php ca c quan qun l cng trnh di khong vt v cn c
s gim st ca c quan ny.
vng khi lp dy dn v dy chng st phi theo ng
thit k. Sai s cho php khng qu 5% vi iu kin m bo
khong cch ti t hoc ti cc cng trnh khc phi theo ng quy
phm trang b in ( QT ).
Chnh lch vng ca dy dn v dy chng st trong cng mt
khong ct khng c vt qu 10%. Ngm vng dy dn v dy
chng st c th tin hnh trong nhng khong ct xa nht v khong
gn nht n thit b ko dy.
lch chui cch in dc tuyn so vi phng thng ng
khng c vt qu:
- 50 mm i vi DK in p 35 KV .
- 100 mm i vi DK in p 110 KV.
- 200 mm i vi DK in p 220 KV
Khong cch gia chng rung v kho no, kho phi theo
ng thit k vi sai s khng qu 25 mm.
Khong cch t dy dn ti mt t v cc cng trnh xy
dng phi tho mn cc yu cu ca quy phm trang b in QT.

Khong cch gia dy dn v ct in cng nh khong cch

gia cc dy dn trn ct khi chng giao nhau ch o pha r nhnh
hoc chuyn i v tr khng c nh hn kch thc thit k 10%.
9.8 -Lp t chng st ng.
Lp t chng st ng trn ct in phi theo ng thit k
v s cng ngh ch to, ng thi phi pin phng in d
nhn thy t mt t.
Khe h phng in ngoi phi lp n nh v m bo loi tr kh
nng phng in do nc ma chy t m phng in trn xung m
phng in di. Chng st ng phi lp c nh chc chn vo ct
v m bo tip t tt.
Khi lp chng st ng phi kim tra ng knh trong ca ng.
ng chng st khng c vt rn nt.
- Gi v m phng phi c lp bo v chng g.
- Khe h ngoi phi iu chnh chnh xc v khng cho php
vt qu 10% so vi quy nh ca thit k.
- Vng tn hi pht ca chng st ng khng c ct ngang cc
phn t ca ct, dy.
- Ming tn bo hiu chng st tc ng phi t vo u
ng chng st, khng c lng thng.
9.9- nh s hiu v sn.
Trn nhng ct in cao t 2,5 - 3 m, phi k s hiu th
t ct. S hiu DK phi c hai ct u v cui tuyn dy, nhng
ct giao cho vi ng dy c cng in p, ng st v ng t
t cp I-V v trn tt c nhng ct chy song song vi DK c khong
cch trc tuyn nh hn 200 m.
- trn nhng ct DK nhiu mch c in p t 35 KV tr ln
nhng ct cui, nhng ct k vi ct o pha v trn nhng ct
phn nhnh.
Bin bo nguy him cm tro phi t trn tt c nhng ct
trong vng dn c ng c cn cc vng khc t cch mt ct.
Tt c cc bin k m hiu s th t ct v k hiu DK phi
t pha hng ct v pha tri hoc pha phi tuyn dy. Cn ct
vt ng th mt hng v pha ng d nhn thy.
Nhng ct st, x st v cc chi tit kim loi ca mng ct v
tr mng b tng ct thp phi thc hin chng r ch yu ti nh
my ch to. Trn tuyn ch cho php sn li nhng ch h hng.

Ch hn ni lp rp ca ct thp phi sn li sau khi hn.

Khng c sn ch ni ct vi h thng ni t, khng c sn
cc chi tit chn ngm trong kt cu b tng lin kt lp ghp.
Trn b mt tip xc lin kt lp rp gia cc on ct khng c
sn.
Cm sn li nhng ch h hng lp bo v chng r ca kt cu
v chi tit kim loi trn tuyn trong thi gian ma v b mt kim loi
b m t.
9.10 - Nghim thu bn giao cng trnh a vo khai thc.
Nghim thu cc cng vic xy lp hon thnh phi tun
theo quy phm trang b in ( QT) v cc quy phm v nn mng,
kt cu cng trnh xy dng v quy trnh cng ngh ch to cch
in v ph kin mc dy.
Nghim thu cng trnh khng nht thit phi tin hnh sau khi
cng trnh hon thnh ton b, m c th tin hnh tng phn
theo s tho thun gia bn xy dng v bn giao thu.
Bn giao thu phi c ngi i din kim tra cc cng vic
theo tin trnh xy lp DK k c " phn b che ph hoc lp " v
lp bin bn xc nhn.
Nu bn giao thu khng thc hin vic kim tra v nghim thu
trn hin trng trong qu trnh thi cng th vic kim tra cht lng v
lp bin bn nghim thu vn tin hnh do bn xy lp lm.
Sau khi kt thc cng vic lp rp dy dn v dy chng st
trong mt khong no ring bit th bn xy lp c th ngh vi
bn giao thu tin hnh kim tra v nghim thu cht lng trong
khong no .
Khi bn giao a cng trnh vo khai thc th bn xy lp phi
giao cho Hi ng nghim thu nhng ti li sau y:
- n thit k cng trnh.
- Nhng ti liu thay i thit k.
- Nhng bin bn xc nhn cht lng mng v tip a.
- Cc bin bn o in tr ni t.
- Bin bn xc nhn ch giao cho v vt sng c cc c quan
qun l cng trnh lin quan tho thun.
- Bn lit k nhng cng vic lm sai vi thit k.
- Nhng vn bn php l v s dng t cho tuyn D K vcc ti
liu v n b phn t di tuyn dy c cc c quan hu quan
ph duyt.
- Bn lit k cc vt t d phng ca cng trnh ( nu c )

H s c lu tr theo ch c bit n khi cng trnh s

dng , khai thc hon vn u t./.

o
o

Ngi vit ti liu hoan nghnh s tham gia kin ca ngi c

v s dng.

Mi kin gi v :
PGs L Kiu
Ch nhim B mn Thi cng- Kinh t - My Xy dng
Trng i hc Kin trc H ni
a ch : Km 10 ng Nguyn Tri H ni
Tel: 84.4. 8542529 Fax : 84.4.8541616
NR :
a ch : 63/61 Ph Thi Thnh H ni
Tel: 84.4. 8532725
Fax : 84.4. 5620187
Mob: 0913231614
E-mail : lekieu@fpt.vn