Mop aceuca an pon Ret ~~ an 2 { ig rid Litas Dr CL. KhannaBurKar's CHHATTISGARH GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (Including Latest Facts and Figures) Dr. C. L. Khanna Revised by Kumar Sundram UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2ice tte elite ay rg Now you can purchase from our vast range of books and magazines at your convenience : = Pay by Credit Card/Debit Card or Net Banking facility on our website wwiupkarin ‘OR s Send Money Order/Demand Draft of the print price of the book favouring ‘Upkar Prakashan’ payable at Agra, tn case you do not know the price of the book, please send Money Order/Demand Draft of € 100/- and we will send the books by VPP (Cash on delivery). (Postage charges FREE for purchases above € 100/-. 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ISBN :978-81-7482-804.0 Price : © 80/- (Rs, Eighty Only) € le No. 960 Printed at iPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRAContents @ Formation and Ri of Chhattisgarh. @ Physical Division of Chhattisgarh, — Forest Resources in Chhattisgarh. — Wild Life and National Parks of Chhattisgarh... — Mineral Resources of Chhattisgarh, — Agriculture... — Irrigation and Projects of Chhattisgarh. — Electricity in Chhattisgarh. — Industies.. — Tourist and Holy Places of Chhattisgarh. — Education in Chhattisgarh, — Population — Tribes of Chhattisgarh .. — Folk Dance, Folk Song, Folk Acting and Cinemas of Chhattisgarh... — Festivals of Chhauisgarh, — Main Dignitaries of Chhattisgarh, e — Politics in Chhattisgarh. — Projects of Chhattisgarh, Prize & Awards, Facts about Chhattisgarh... 49-57© Important Dates in the History of Chhattisgarh State. © Chhattisgarh Budget... civ) — Games and Players from Chhattisgarh, 57-58 — History and Archacology of Chhattisgarh... - 58-60 — The Bifigy... 60-61 — Coins, Records... 61-61 — Other Literary Persons ..... 61-62 — Fairs of Chhattisgarh... - 62-63 — Police Administration. 64-64 — Transport... - 64-66 — Chhattisgarh : Mass Communication and Means of Communication... Objective Questions.Chhattisgarh General Knowledge2.1 Chhattisgarh it Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Sarguja Bilaspur Bastar ‘ Dantewara Maharashtra Andhra PradeshChhattisgarh : A Brief State Chattisgarh (26h state) Seheduled Caste Population (2011) Capital Raipur 32,74,259 Day of formation Ist Noy. 2000 (Midnight of Male: 1641,738 Bist Oct. 2000) Female + 16.32.53 Importance ‘A trial dominated state Seheduled Tribe Population (2011) prosperous in mineras and peel vegetation, a symbol of sue. + Goel expectation of local people ae Female ; 39.49.71) Artistic eatture Toys, attractive utensils of shui lc materials, wooden District with maximum Population : work, zati, metal and Raipur (40,63,872) ‘copper utensil District with minimum Population Nomenclature On the basis of 36. Garhs Narainpur (1,39.820) named Chhattisgarh, The Kalchuri kings ruled over Cedi region, their state was known as Chedisgarh Rank in the country according to Population : 17th Percentage of total population of the Country : 21% Rural Population (2011) 1,96,07,961 persens ter on it was known as Male: 9797.46 Chattisgarh, Female : 98,10.535 Geographical Location Situated in South-East of Urban Population (2011) 59,37,237 persons ‘Madhya Pradesh from 17° Male; 30.35.459 446" Nocth latitude to 24°. Female : 29(01,158 ‘North latitude and 84°-15 Rankin the country according to Literacy : 28th. East longitmde 10 84°-20 Literacy (2011) 103% (Total literate ast longitude. 13,79922) Boundaries Bounded by Utar Pradesh Male 803% (8807803) and Jharkhand in the North, Ss (Odisha in the East, Andhra Female trae (65 72029) Pradesh in the South and Highest literacy (Dstrit) ure (769%) Madhya Praleshand Maha- Lowest Heraey (Disret) Bijapur (41-5856) rashtrain the West, Female ra 991 per thousand. m: Extent Length from East to West oo) 7H kr and breadth trom fa Noto Sousa kn.” Mightfemalerato Bastar (dist) Area 135,191 ke? clas Tempe Rank in the country according toArea: 10th Lowest female ratio Kora district (971 female Distsiet having the largest Area: Dantewara Kunden District having the lowest Area Dhamtari Density of population Population 2011, 2,5545.198 persons (2011), 189 persons per km? Male: 1.2832.895 Distret with highest Density: Janjgie-Champa Female: 1.27.12.303 (420 persons) * Nine new distres crated on January 1. 2012, The sewly created districts are—Sukama, Kondagaoa, Balodabuzar CGanyabad, Bemeara, Balod, Margel, Surapur.Balranpur41 Chhattisgarh District with lowest Density : Narainpur (30 persons) Population inerease (2001-11) 26% Maximum population increase Kahir Dham-40-56 Minimum population South Bastar increase Dantewara-11-90 Divison 3 No. of Districts n Tehsils Luo No. of villages 20,126 No. of Electrified Villages. 19,177 Legislative ase Uaicameral legislature (Lower House or Vidhan Sabha) Members of Lower House (Lok Sabha) u Members of Upper House (Rajya Sabha) os Members of State Legis: lative Assembly 0 Important Cities Bilaspur, Durg, hia Raipur Total Rail Route in the State L186 bm, Aerodrome Raipur, Jagdalpur, Bilaspur Total Forest Area (2010-11) 59772.sq. km Reserved Forest Area 2010-11), Protected Forest Area e010.) Unclassified Forest Area 2010-11) Revenue Forest Installed Electricity Capacity 2010-11) Power Generation 2010-1, Number of Universities 2010-1), High Court Main Languages State formation day ‘State Animal State Bird State Tree Present Governor Present (High Coury, Chief Electoral Officer Present Speaker of Vidhan Sabha, Present Principal Secretary Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly 25782:17 sq.km 24036-10 sg. km 9954-13 5q. km 1s.2145g. km 1924-70 MW 1ns7-69 MU 1 Bilaspur (19h in the country) Chhattisgarti, Hindi and Urdu Is: November Wild Butfalo Hill Myna Asna Shekhar Dut. Dr. Raman Singh Vivek Dhand Justice Yatindra Singh Sunil Kumar Kujar Gaurishanksr Agarwal Devendra VermaFormation and Reorganisation of Chhattisgarh For a big, happy and glorious state where most of the resources are available and Chhattis- garh, Malwa and Narmada are the store-house of foodgrains while Chhattisgarh as well as Vindhya Pradesh are the storehouse of minerals ...... from every point of view this state is Kamdhenu. Its ‘cultural heritage is priceless ‘The above statement was Shankar Shukla, on 1st Nov., 1956, the first Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, With the above slogan the formation of Madhya Pradesh state started, but unfortunately this largest state of free India proved to bea futile excercise, which opened 44 path for the separation of Chhattisgarh from Madhya Pradesh. According to ex:President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, the founder of modern India Pt, Jawaharlal Nehru, after seeing the map of Madhya Pradesh said that the formation of the state is unsatisfactory as well as unbalancing. After the reorganisation of states 1955-36, seeing the map of Madhya Pradesh Pt. Nehru remarked "From where did this camel come in the mid of the Hindustan. ven by the Ravi Formation of Chhattisgarh Being 26th state of the country, Chhattisgarh was legally formed on Ist Nov., 2000, The day Dinesh Nandan Sahai, ex. LPS. officer D.LG. P. and the member of Planning Commission tock the ‘oath as first Govemor of the State at the midnight of 3ist Oct-1 Nov. 2000, The oath ceremony took place at police parade ground at Raipur, the capital of the newly formed state, The oath was administered by the acting Chief Justice of Chhattisgarh High Court Sri RS. Garg. (for this a notification under the Madhya Pradesh reorgani- zation ordinance 2000 section 21 (2) was issued by the President on 27th Oct. for the formation of main branch of Chhattisgarh High Coun at Bilaspur from Ist Nov., 2000. This High Court is 19th in the country. Justice W. A. Sheshak, the Justice of Guawhoti High Court was nominated the Chief Justice of this High Court and R. S. Garg, the justice of Madhya Pradesh High Court was appointed justice of Chhauisgarh High Court ANDHRA PRADESH, After taking the oath, the Governor Sahai called Ajit Jogi, an eloquent speaker as well eader of the Congress legislature party, to take oath as first Chief Minister of the state. Before this on 31st Oct. the Congress party had elected Sri Jogi unanimously as the leader of the party. The6 | Chhattisgarh Congress party had 48 members oat of 90. thus having the absolute majority in the Assembly, Bhaniya Janta Party had 36 members in the legislative assembly. After taking oath as Chief Minister Jogi said that some of the priorities are short term while some of the priorities are long term. Their top priority in the state is to face drought as well as to eradicate poverty inspite of the state being prospe- rous in natural wealth. The division of IAS. cadre in Madhya Pradesh, for Chhattisgarh state was done on 24th October. But ignoring the demand of Sri Digvijai Singh the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh for self option of LA.S., LPS.. LES, officer for Chhattisgarh, UC. Agarwal committee of central government selected these officers on Roster system. 100 LA'S. officers out of 396 and 59 IPSS. officers out of 278, 115 LFS. officers out of 380 were transferred to Chhattisgarh cadre. Arun Kumar the President of undivided Madhya Pradesh revenue board was the first Chief Secretary of ‘Chhattisgarh and S.M, Shukla D.LG. Homeguard was appointed D.LG. police of Chhattisgarh state ‘These appointments were made on adhoc basis, thereafter they had been changed as per wishes of Chhattisgarh Chief Minister The formation of Chhattisgarh state was started on Aug. 2th, 2000, when both the houses of Parliament passed the reorgnisation Bill, The Madhya Pradesh re-organisation Bill, 2000 was passed by the Lower house on 31st July and in Upper house on 9th Aug. The Parliament passed this Bill with absolute majority. President of India assented the Bill on 28th, Aug. 2000 and it was notified as an Act in the government Gazetteer. The dream of Chhattisgarh people came true when Dinesh Nandan Sahai took over the oath as first Governor of 26th State of the country. This ‘oath ceremony wes performed by R. S. Garg, the acting Chief Iustice of Chhattisgarh state, On 31st Oct., 2000 as Sri Ajit Jogi took over the oth as Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh by the Governor, all around the State there was happiness. At present Dr. Raman Singh is the Chief Minister while Shekhar Dutt is the Govemor. Why the demand of separate Chhattisgarh State arose Long term economic, politcal, social ne gence ani exploitation are the causes for the separation of this state. These causes ereated regional dissatisfaction. If these are not removed in time dissatisfaction among the people start and causes the formation of new states Following factors have been resporsible for the formation of Chhattisgarh state (1) There is a difference in language, dialects ssandard of living and specitic ealture between the reopke of Chhattisgarh and the people of Mathya Pradesh, (2) Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh is far away from Chhattisgarh. ‘This caused unnecessary delay in takinz decision and imple- mentation in policy matters 3) The population of Chhattisgarh is more than that Maldives, Kuwait, Irag, Nepal and Sri Lanka (4) The area of Chhattisgarh is more than that of some states of the country. (3) The collection of revenue at Chhattisgarh is more than the allocation of money for the de lopment of Chhattisgarh e.g. The total revenue earned from Bastar district is Rs. 120 crore annually while the allocation is only Rs. 5 crore for the development. (6) At the time of organisation, the Chhattis- garh region was meted out step motherly tweatment e.g. High Court and its bench, Revenue Board, Transport Commissioner and Excise Commissioner, Accountant General office, Land revenue, Electric Board, State Industrial Corpo- ration, Industrial Development Corporation, State Expest Corporation, Minning Corporation, Fi cial Corporation are all located in Madhya Pradesh region ignoring the Chhattisgarh region (7) Industrial development has been more pro- agressive ia Madhya Pradesh region, Chhattisgarh region has only been a source of mining (8) Low literacy rate in Chhattisgarh has been ‘cause of exploitaion of its people by the outsidepeople. Though there is a big railway board here, the people from Bengal Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh are being employed here. Historical background of Chhattisgarh State (1) In 1861 Chhattisgarh was merged with central provinces, the cause for the emergence of the feeling of the formation of separate Chbatti garh state (2) First in 1924, fest time the Raipur Congress Committee demanded the formation of Chhattisgarh state; thereafter Tripuri conference at Jabalpur (1939) also raised this issue. (3) In 1956, « memorandum for the separate Chhattisgarh state was given to state re-organiza- tion commission. (4) Dr, Khuy Chand Bagbel, the member of the Rajya Sabha in 1967 made an issue for the separation of Chhattisgarh state which was con- verted into public movement and he formed the Chhattisgarh Brotherhood Association (5) Till 1977 the development of Chhattisgarh and the test of the Madhya Pradesh took place together, so the demand of separate Chhattisgarh was limited. (6) A political conference was held at Raipur in 1997 for the separation of Chhattisgarh state (7) Sri Mahesh Tiwari, @ Janta Dal member and representative from Chhattisgarh Bemera Vidhan Sabha seat made a non-governmental (nomofficial) resolution in collaboration with Congress on 28th June, 1991, But the B.J.P. failed to pass it. (8) Sri Gopal Parmar, a BJ.P. M.L.A. from Agar Vidhan Sabha seat of Malwa region made a resolution for separate Chhattisgarh state on 4th Chhatt March. 1994, which was unanimously passed by Vidhan Sabha on 18th March, 1994. (9) On 9th April, 1995 under the leadership of Sei Dau Anand Kumar, a social worker of *Azad Chhattisgarh Fauz’ a 1000 day uninterrupted Dharna was staged, (10) BLIP. itself faced the revolt of its own party members when during a small tenure of 13 days of Atal Binari Vajpai as a Prime Minister they did not discuss the issue of separate Chhattis- ¢garh state during its presidential address. (11) For the election manifesto during the 12th Parliament elections in 1998, the coalition BP. Government raised the issue of separate Chhattisgarh state in its national manifesto, (12) Under the Constitutional articles 2,3, 4 President of India sent Madhya Pradesh Reorga- nisation Bill, 1998 for discussion. On 31 August and. Ist September a special session of Madhya Pradesh Assembly was called Sri Rajendra Prasad Shukla proposed the bill for discussion in state Assembly in which the State Government pro- posed at least three dozen amendments which were proposed as an advice by Sir Sriniwas ‘Tiwari, the Chairman of Madhya Pradesi Vidhan Sabha and the 2nd October, 1998 was the pro- posed date suggested to Central Government for formation of Chhattisgarh state (13) In August 2000, both the houses of Parliament passed the sate Re-organization Bill, (14) On Ist November, 2000, Chhattisgarh ceame into existence as a 26th state of the republic of India, Raipur, Bastar and Bilaspur are the divisions ‘of Chhattisgath state, in which there were 16 dis- triets (Two new districts Bijapur and Narayanpur were created on Ist April, 2007.). The detailed account of Districts. Tehsils and Development Blocks is given below — ‘S.No.| Districts Area (km?) | Population (2011) Tehsils - 1. Bilaspur Division (69,82,989) 1 | Bitaspur 8200 2663629. | 1. Biha Male: 1351574 | 2. Mastrt Female: 13,12088 | 3. Mawahi* 4. Goretia 5 Pendra8 1 Chhattisgarh 2. | Janjgir-Champa 4. | Raigarh Iashpoor 6. | Sarguja 3.852 6015 7079 2.8 3825 15,765 Male: Female Male = Female : Male Female : Male» Female Male: Female 16,19.707 85717 8.03900 12,06640 6412915 593723 14.93984 7.50278 743,706 ‘arguja Division (38,72,911) 851.009 424787 426922 23.5986 11,93.129 11,66.987 Kota ‘Takhatpur Akaltara -Balloda Pamgarh Navagarh Janjmic) Bamhasideeh Sati Malakhroda Jaijepur Dara Kerba - Katghora anti Uprod Pali Kartala Raigarh - Pusoor Kharsiya® Gharehhora* Tamnar* Lalunge* Sarangech* Saria Lenghs (Baramkela) Dharam Jaigath Jashpocr Manoea Kunkurt Dulduls arsha Bahar (Tapkara) Bagichs Kansa Bell Paithalgaon Ambikspur Batoli® Udaipur -Lakhanpur Sitapur Mainpa* LundratChhattisgarh 19 Koriya Raipur Dhamtart Durg Rajnandgnon Kabiednam some 3. Rai 13.083 4987 3.385 8542 8.082 az 14974 658917 Male: 334,737 Female: 324.180 ipur Division (1,10,96,482) 4063872 Male: 20,48.186 Female: 20,15.686 1032754 Male: 5,11.967 Female: 3.20.787 799.781 Male: 3.97897 Female: 401.884 2343872 Male: 16,82.101 Female: 16,61,771 Isa7133 Male: 7.62855 Female: 7,74.278 8.22526 Male> 4.12058 Female: 4.10468 4. Bastar Division (3088424) 14.13.199 Male: 6.98487 Female: 7.14,712 1 2 3 4 5 1 Bharatpur Baikunthpur Sonhet - Manendragach Ktergava Rapur (Dharsenwa) Abhanpur (Chundkhuri (Orang) Tilda Ruin Mahasamund Bag-Buhara -Pithora |. Saraipal 5. Basna Dramtart Magarload Kurud - Sihawa (Nagai) Dug Paian Dhamdha Sanja Balod Rejnandgaon Dongarzaon hhuriya Kheragarh (Chhuikhadan Dengargarh Mohla® (Chauki* )- Menpur* Kawaraha Rolla Pandriya (US. Cobra) Jagadalpur Lohandguds* Darbha* ‘Tokapal* Restanse Bastar* Bakabala® Abhuzmar (Orehka)10.1 Chhattisgarh 15, 2 23, Dantewara (South Baster) Kanker (North Bastar) Bijapur Narayanpur Suku Kondagaon Balodabazar Gariyaband Bemetara 176s 6513 6555 6610 Male : Female Male = Female Male: Female Male Female: 533638 264.142 2,69.496 748941 3.73338 3.75.03 2.55230 1.28.563 1.26567 Avanalli Ossor _ Bhairmgarh Dantewara Kva-Kenda Geedam Katokalyan Kanker Charama Sarona* Bhanupratappur Durgkondol - Antagart Keyalitera Bijapur Bhopalpattanam Narayanpur Chindgarh Sukams Kenta - Kesha . Balerapar Makdi Kendagaon Phurasgaon Bilaigah Kasdot Balodabazar Palari Bhatapera Singa Fingeshwar Chhura Gariyatand Mainpur Devbhiog - Nawagarh Remetara Bela Sala 5 ThankhamariyaChhattisgarh | 11 25, 2, Balod Mungel Surajpur Batrampur Dandi - Daundiohara Gurur |. Balod Gundarlehi - Mangel Paihariya Lomi ‘Surajpur . Bhaiyathan Oust Ramanujnagar Premnazar -Pratappar Batrampur - Ramchandrapur (Rananwjgani) - Wadrafhagar Raipur - Kusmi Shankaegarh Tribal Development Blocks. © These data are yet not published by Chhattisgarh Govt, Because these are newly crested district from January 12012.Physical Divi ion of Chhattisgarh The main cause of prosperity among the physical divisions of Chhaitisgarh State is « plain area of Mahanadi and its tributaries, which is 80 km broad and 322 km long, situated in the mid of Chhattisgarh State. The height of this plain from MSL. is 300 metre. This plain area comprises southern portion of Raipur, Bilaspur and Durg, ‘The Chhattisgarh State can be divided inio follow- ing physical divisions (i) Baghelkhand Region (ii) Jashpoor-Samari (Pat) Region (iii) Mahanadi Basin (iv) Dandkaranya Plateau (i) Baghelkhand Region Situated in the northern part of the state. it includes partsof Koriya and Sarguja, It is bounded in the nocth by Ustar Pradesh, in North-West by Madaya Pradesh, in North-East by Bihar, in South- East Jashpoor-Samari-Pat region and in south by Mahanadi Basin (Chhattisgath) Baghelktand is a part of ancient landmass ‘The Archean rocks are found in major parts of Koriya and Sargaja which comprise rocks of Dharwar system. In Kora and its near by area the hillocks of mad colour sand stone are found. The average height of hllocks is 760 io 915 metre Rihand, Hasdo and Kanharare the main rivers, The tropic of cancer passes through the mille of this state. The climate of the state is Mansoonal type. The summer is hot and wet and winter is normal and dry. May is the hottest month, The average summer temperature is 35° celsius while that of winter is 10° —12° celsius. The average annual rainfall of Sarguja is 1S4ems Mainpat the south of Sarguja gets the rain from Bay of Bengal branch. (ii) Jashpoor-Samari (Pat) Region ‘This region is in a small area situated in the North-Eastem part of Chhattisgarh state. It includes Jashpoor district and some pars of (Samari and Kusmi Tehsil) Sarguje district. It is known as a pat region. The region is bounded in the East by Chhota-Nagpur plateau, in the West by Beghelkhand plateau (Sarguja plateau), and in South-West by Mahanadi basin. Chhattisgarh Physical Divisions z\ ¢ oorsna Fe FP 38 24 Fw \ List Y.., Baghektans Regn Ji Jespoor saan at) Rogan \ 7 Neher an I. Dandakaranye Paeou |ANDHRA fpRapesH “\ Jashpoor-Samri (Pat) pradesh is plateau region, which rises from Mahanadi plain and merges with Chhotta Nagpur plateau. This region has a terraced relief in which few uniform areas ‘are separated from one another by steep slopes. ‘The lowest level isin the south which is 300 metre high from MSL. The height of the terraced land varies from 400 metre 10 1000 metre, which is known as the pat region. The word “Pat” is used for level top mesa Plateaus. Structurally the region is composed of ancient rocks. ¢.¢. (i) Uncrystalline Gneisses, (ii) Dharwar, (ii) Lava, (iv) Laterite. These igneous socks are instrusive e.g. Granite, Gneisses and Schists. This region has three river systems—(i) Eb river, awibutary of Mahanadi, (i) Sank river, a tributary of river Brahmani (iii) Kanhar river, a tributary of river Son, which itself is a tributary of Ganga. ‘The northern part of the Jashpoor-Samari-Pat region includes entire Samari (Kusmi) Tehsil and Jashpoor Tehsil, which are the part of North: ‘Western bank. River Kanhar and Gayoro drain in river Son, ‘The climate of this region is tropical man- soonal type. The height of the Jashpoor is 771 metre, the place is comparatively less warm in ‘comparison to plain area. ii) Mahanadi Basin In ancient times it was known as a Kaushal The region is situated in upper drainage area of Mahanadi. It includes Raigarh, Kocha, Bilaspur, \igir, Kabirdham, Raipur, Mahasamund, Durg, Rajnand Gaon, Dhamtari districts. This region is extended from 19° — 47° N, Lat, to 23°7' N. Lat. and 80° ~ 17° B, to 83° — 52° E, Lat. covering an area of 68,064 km?. In the north itis bounded by the small dissected plateau of Baghelkhand, in the West by Maikal range, in the South by Dandka- ranya plateau and in South-East by Raipur highland. In the East river Mahanadi drains in a narrow path to Odisha plain. Geologically the region is composed of Cudkapah system of rocks, with some plateau of Dharwar and Gondwana rocks ‘The height ofthis basin from M.S.L. is below 300 metre. In the East it looks like a inclined dis. With a few exceptions the entire plain is level area. The height and altitudinal relief increases at the margin. The northern Margin ofthe basin is at some places 1000 metre high. This basin can be divided into two relief divisio (A) Chhattisgarh plain, (B)_ Marginal highlands, (A) Chhattisgarh plain—It is fan shaped, covering an area of 31,600 km?, composed of sedimentary rocks. This region includes Hasdo: Mand plain, Bilaspur plain, Shivnath par plain, Mahanadi-Shivnath Doab, and Mahanadi par plain. ‘The average height of this plain is 220 metre increasing towards the highland, (B) Marginal highland —This region is surrounding the entire Chhattisgarh plain which covers an area of 36,464 km?. Average height of this plain is 330 metre increasing towanls North- Chhattisgarh | 13 t and North-West margin upto more than 1000 etre, Due to diversity in Geological structure and dissection by draining rivers, the region has been divided into ridges, ranges and troughs, and includes highland, Maikal range and Southern highland, River Mahanadi is the main river. Shivnath, Hasdo, Mandpeti, Jonk, Surgi and Hail are tributaries. Gv) Dandkaranya Plateau ‘The region is situated in the South of Mahanadi basin. It is also known as the Bastar plateau. It is extended from 17° ~ 46" N. to 20°— 34°N. Lat, and 80°15" E, to 82°-1' E. long, ‘covering an area of 39060 km?. The region is composed of ancient rocks including Vindhyan system, Cuddappa system, ancient Lava, Igncous granite and Gneisses, ete Dharwar Rocks These are sedimentary metamorphic rocks. full of faults and North-South axis folds, Schists Slate, Sandstone, Quartize, Hematite, Gra the main rocks, Archean Rocks ‘These include granite and schists as well as Felspar, Mica and Hornebland minerals Ancient Lava ‘Composed of Basaltic rocks, ‘Cuddapah System Includes Quartize sand stones limestone and shales, Vindhyan System Includes Quartize and sandstone ‘The average height of this region is 150 metre from M.S, but maximum height is 800 metre. ‘This region can be divided in to Northern plain North-East plateau, Ranges of Abujhamar, ‘Southem plateau, Southern plain. ‘This region is drained by river Mahonadi and Godawari. Indravati a tributary of Godawari flows from East to West in the mid of the region, ‘Narangi. Bor-Dhig. Gudara, Nibara. Kotari in the North and Dantewara, Berudi and Chintabmumu in the south are the small tibutaries of Indravati Sabbri, a tributary of Godawari also flows in the South-East of Dandkaranya region.141 Chhattisgarh Climate, Rain and Seasons of Chhattisgarh Long term conditions of temperature, pressure and amount of rainfall, average velocity of wind are the elements which determine the climate of an area, The climate of Chhattisgarh can be understood with the following facts ‘Temperature in the month of January In the month of January 10° celsius isotherm passes through the northem part of Chhattisgarh state. As we pass from North to South the tem- perature increases. 125° celsius isotherm passes through mid of the State, while 15° celsius isotherm passes through South-Westem part of Dantewara ‘Temperature in the month of June In the month of June, the temperature of the state varies from 37° celsius to 425° celsius. The lowest temp. of the month has been recorded in Sarguja district of northern Chhattisgarh. Where the 37° celsius isotherm passes through it, while 40° celsius isotherm passes through Jashpoor, Raigath. Korba, Bilaspur and Kabircham. Another isotherm passes through Eastern part of Bastar and Wester part of Dantewara. Temperature inreases from March to June, but by the end ofthe June the temperature decreases as the monscon arrives. In July Raipur’s temperature remains about 27°-28° celsius. There is no vara on inthe lemperature in the month of September. But in the month of September and October when the sky is clear, there isa slight increase in the temperature Rainfall Chhattisgarh experiences Monsoonal rain ‘The maximum rainfall is received by the Bay of Bengal branch. The amount of rainfall decreases from East to West. In the East of South Bastar and Dantewara 160 em Isohyet passes through. The average rainfall is more in North-East Chhattis- garh, Due to its being a hilly tact the climate of Bastar is cold and moist with heavy rainfall, In summer the area is generally cool. The Bay of Bengal branch provides heavy rainfall. Abhujhamar, situated in the same region receives maximum rainfall, roughly 1875 ems. ‘Monsoonal ‘Seasons Chhattisgarh experiences three seasons — (1) Hot Season ‘This season starts from March to mid June. In ‘the month of June when the sun shines vertically ‘over the topic of cancer, due to high temperature tie pressure decresses. In the month of May L002 mb. Isobar passes through Bastar and 42-5° celsius isotherm passes through Durg; While 40° celsius ‘Annual Rain Fat of Chhattisgarh ay L More tan 1600m.m. 600-1400 mm, 1400-1200 mm Below 1200mm. isotherm passes through East Bastar and North Bilaspur, and 37° celsins isotherm passes through Sarguja and Jashpour. (2) Rainy Season ‘The rainy season stars from mid June to September. Ambikapur, Bilaspur and Bastar expe- Fences rain more than 100 ems. In the last week of September, the velocity of the monsoon destea ses and sky becomes clear and the amount of rainfall alo decreases, In the month of October, the average rainfall decreases and slightly the temperature increases. (3) Winter Season In the ead of September, the temperature -ases, this is caused due to rainfall and humi- ei dity.Rivers. Mahanadi © itis the most important river of Chhattisgarh State © eis also known as the life line of Chhatts: ath © The total length of this river is 851 km in which 286 km flows in Chhattisgarh state. © The river Mahanadi emerges from Shrangi mount situated in Sihawa Tehsil of Dhamtari district. The river Flows fiom North to East and merges with Bay of Bengal near Cuttuck © Shivnath, Peri and Hasdo are its tributaries. Shivnath River © This is the second important river of ‘Chhattisgarh State. © emerges from Panabaras range situated at the beight of 625 metre, at Ambageth Tehsil in Rajnandgaon district © itis the main river flowing from Durg and Rajnandgaon and merges with Mahanadi at Shiv Narayan © Maniyari Lilagar, Arpa, Kharoon and Suthi are its tributaries Peri River © tis the main riverof distriet Raipur @ it emerges from Bhatragarh range near Brindranavagarh in district Raipur. © iemerges with Mahanadi at Rajim. Hasdo River © is an imporant iver of Korba and Champa region. © It emerges from Kaimur ranges in Koriya district. © itmerges with Mhanaci near Shiv Narain Indravati © This river is 525 km (Roughly 329 miles Jong). © it emerges from Donger-Kala range at ‘Yuamal Rampur place of Kalahandi district in Odisha, © River Indravati flows 372 km in Bast nearly 30 small distributaries are its tributa ries. Chhattisgarh | 15 © Sankhini, Dankni, Kotari, Nibbra, Madin, Dantewara and Mander are its tributaries © Kc merges with Godawari near Bhopalpa- ttanam Arpa River © Iris the main river of district Bilaspur. © Kc emerges from Khondri range of Pendra plateau © Iss Iongth is 180 km © Kharang is its main tributary © This river merges with Shivnath river at Matiyari Mangla (Villa), Maniyari River © Lis an important river of Bilaspur district. © [originates from Mukhanda hill of Kund and Lorami areas in Belpan region. @ is tength is 102 km. © After crossing the Mungali Tehsil, it merges with Shivnath river. ‘Nadi © Lremerges from Pandatiya hills, © is length is 128 km © River Sakriisits tributary. © Indistrict Durg it merges with Shivnath river. Lilagar River @ it emerges from eastern ranges of Korba district. @ | Mainly the river inigates Bilaspurand Raigarh cistrits © i-merges with river Shivnath, Eb River © [emerges from Kharuja ranges of Pendrapat plateau at Jashpoor Nagar. @ Mainly this river drains in Jashpoor and Raigarh districts. © Siri siver in the Bast and Dorki, Maini and Khorang in the West are its tributaries, Other Rivers Zonk + Main river of district Raipur usually flows in Balloda-Bazar Tehsil16 | Chhattisgarh Kotri + originates from Durg district, it also drains in Bastar. Sabri: It is the main river of the southern part of Bastar Bagh —: This river emerges from Kulzhari range of Rajnandgaon district. Mainly it drains the Western part of Rajnand Gaon district Tandula : This river emerges from northern range situated at Bhanupratappur in district Kanker. Maialy the river drains Durg district. Mad = emerges from the northern part of Mainpat plateau of Sarguja district. The river drains mainly Sarguja and Raigarh districts. It merges. with Mahanadi near Chandropur. ‘Towns of Chhattisgarh, Situated at the Banks of Rivers ‘Towns Rivers Bilaspur Arpa Jagadalpur Indravati Durg Shivaath Raipur Khamon Champa Hasdo Korba Hasdo Shivri Narayan Mahanadi Rajim Mahanadi Sirpur Mahanadi Raigarh Kailo Barsoor Indravati Kanker Doth Nadi Kondagav Narangi Konta Sabri Dantewara Dankin-Shankhini Soils of Chhattisgarh Due to disintegration in the rocks as well as change in their physical and chemical character consiituting the upper top portion of the earth is called the soil. The following types of soils are found in Chhattisgarh — Chhattisgarh : Soils [BB] Redloamsoit BE tee sit () Red and Yellow Soit ‘This soil is found in the entire Chbattisgarh state formed from the Gondwana Rocks and in which sards and conglomerates are found, Due to less amount of humus and Nitrogen its ferility decreases, Mostly this soil is found in Sarguja Korea, Bilaspur, Janjgir. Raigarh, Jashpoor, ‘Mahasamund, Dantewara and Bastar districts of east Mahanadi basin Laterite Soil ‘This soil is of red brick colour, being formed from red rocks. This soil is found in the southern pat of Mainpat plateau and the adjoining districts of Bilaspur, Korba, Janjgir Bematera at Durg and near about Jagdalpur of Bastar division. This soil is rich in Alumina, Silica and iron-oxide and poor in lime, pottash and phosphoric acid (ii) Black Soil This soil is found in the mid part of Raipur istrict, Western part of Bilaspur, Rajnandgaonaa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have 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