200 Bai Toan Toa Do Trong Khong Gian Co Loi Giai - TRAN SI TUNG

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PP to trong khng gian
TKG 01: VIT PHNG TRNH MT PHNG

Dng 1: Vit phng trnh mt phng bng cch xc nh vect php tuyn
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(2;4;1), B(1;1;3) v mt phng
(P): x 3y 2z 5 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua hai im A, B v vung gc
vi mt phng (P).
r
r
r r uuu
n
,
AB
(0;
8
;
12)
0
(Q) i qua A, B v vung gc vi (P) (Q) c VTPT
P
(
Q
)
:
2
y
3
z
11
.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1; 0; 1), B(2; 1; 2), (P ) : x 2 y 3z 3 0 .
S: (Q) : x 2y z 2 0
Cu 1.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua hai im
x 1 t
A(2;1;3), B(1; 2;1) v song song vi ng thng d : y 2t

.
z 3 2t
uur
r
Ta c BA (1;3;2) , d c VTCP u (1;2; 2) .
r uur
uur r
n
r
BA
r
Gi n l VTPT ca (P) r r chn n BA,u (10;4; 1)
n u
Phng trnh ca (P): 10x 4y z 19 0.
Cu 2.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 ng thng (d1) v (d2) c phng trnh:
Cu 3.
x 1 y 1 z 2
x 4 y 1 z 3
, (d2):
. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) cha (d 1
2
3
1
6
9
3
) v (d2) .
(d1);
Chng t (d1) // (d2). (P): x + y 5z +10 = 0

Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) c phng trnh:
x y2 z2 2x 6y 4z 2 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) song song vi gi ca
r
vc t v (1;6;2) , vung gc vi mt phng ( ) : x 4y z 11 0 v tip xc vi (S).
r
(S) c tm I(1; 3; 2) v bn knh R = 4. VTPT ca ( ) l n (1;4;1) .
r
r r
VTPT ca (P) l: nP n, v (2; 1;2) PT ca (P) c dng: 2x y 2z m 0 .
Cu 4.
m 21
.
m 3
Vy: (P): 2x y 2z 3 0 hoc (P): 2x y 2z 21 0 .
V (P) tip xc vi (S) nn d(I ,(P )) 4
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(1; 1; 1) v hai ng thng

x y 1 z
x y 1 z 4
(d1) :
v (d2):
. Chng minh rng im M , d1, d2 cung
1 2 3
1
2
5
nm trn m t m t phng. Vit phng trnh m t phng .
r
r
d1 qua M1(0; 1;0) v c u1 (1; 2; 3) , d2 qua M2(0;1;4) v c u2 (1;2;5) .
r uuuuuur
r r
r r uuuuuur
u1;u2 (4; 8;4) 0, M1M2 (0;2;4) u1;u2 .M1M2 0 d1, d2 ng phng.
r
Gi (P) l mt phng cha d1, d2 (P) c VTPT n (1;2; 1) v i qua M1 nn c
phng trnh x 2y z 2 0 . Kim tra thy im M (1;1;1) (P ) .
Cu 5.
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Dng 2: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n mt cu

x 3 y 3 z
v mt cu
2
2
1
2
2
2
(S): x y z 2x 2y 4z 2 0 . Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) song song vi d v
trc Ox, ng thi tip xc vi mt cu (S).
r
(S) c tm I(1; 1; 2), bn knh R = 2. d c VTCP u (2;2;1) .
r r r
(P) // d, Ox (P) c VTPT n u, i (0;1; 2) PT ca (P) c dng: y 2z D 0 .
Cu 6.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
(P) tip xc vi (S) d(I ,(P )) R
(P): y 2z 3 2 5 0
hoc
2 D 3 2 5 D 3 2 5
12 22
D 3 2 5
1 4 D
(P): y 2z 3 2 5 0.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 4 0 v

mt phng (P): x z 3 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua im M(3;1; 1) vung
gc vi mt phng (P) v tip xc vi mt cu (S).
r
(S) c tm I(1; 2; 0) v bn knh R = 3; (P) c VTPT nP (1;0;1) .
Cu 7.
PT (Q) i qua M c dng: A(x 3) B(y 1) C(z 1) 0, A2 B2 C 2 0

(Q) tip xc vi (S) d(I ,(Q)) R 4A B C 3 A2 B2 C 2
r r
(Q) (P ) nQ.nP 0 A C 0 C A
(**)
(*)
T (*), (**) B 5A 3 2A2 B2 8B2 7A2 10AB 0 A 2B 7A 4B

Vi A 2B . Chn B = 1, A = 2, C = 2 PT (Q): 2x y 2z 9 0
Vi 7A 4B . Chn B = 7, A = 4, C = 4 PT (Q): 4x 7y 4z 9 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (S) : x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 4z 5 0 , (P ) : 2x y 6z 5 0, M (1;1;2) .
S: (Q) : 2x 2y z 6 0 hoc (Q) :11x 10y 2z 5 0 .
Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 2z 3 0 .
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha trc Ox v ct mt cu (S) theo mt ng trn c
bn knh r 3.
(S) c tm I(1; 2; 1), bn knh R = 3. (P) cha Ox (P): ay + bz = 0.
Mt khc ng trn thit din c bn knh bng 3 cho nn (P) i qua tm I.
Suy ra: 2a b = 0 b = 2a (a 0) (P): y 2z = 0.
Cu 8.
Cu 9.
Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 2y 2z 1 0
x y 2 0
v ng thng d :
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d v ct mt cu
2x z 6 0
(S) theo mt ng trn c bn knh r 1.
(S) c tm I (1;1; 1) , bn knh R = 2.
PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .
Chn M (2;0; 2), N(3;1;0) d .
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M (P )
a b,2c (a b), d 3a b
(1)
Ta c: N (P )
17
a
7
b
,2
c
(
a
b
),
d
3
a
b
(2)
d(I ,(P )) R2 r 2
+ Vi (1) (P): x y z 4 0
+ Vi (2) (P): 7x 17y 5z 4 0
Cu 10. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng 1 :
x y 1 z
,
2 1 1
x1 y z

v mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 2y 4z 3 0 . Vit phng trnh
1 1 1
tip din ca mt cu (S), bit tip din song song vi hai ng thng 1 v 1.
2 :
(P): y z 3 3 2 0 hoc (P): y z 3 3 2 0

Cu 11. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) c phng trnh
x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 6z 11 0 v mt phng () c phng trnh 2x + 2y z + 17 = 0.

Vit phng trnh mt phng () song song vi () v ct (S) theo giao tuyn l ng trn
c chu vi bng p 6 .
Do () // () nn () c phng trnh 2x + 2y z + D = 0 (D 17)
(S) c tm I(1; 2; 3), bn knh R = 5. ng trn c chu vi 6 nn c bn knh r = 3.
Khong cch t I ti () l h =
Do
2.1 2(2) 3 D
R2 r 2 52 32 4
D 7
D 17 (loai)
4 5 D 12
22 22 (1)2
Vy () c phng trnh 2x 2y z 7 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 6z 11 0 , (a ):2x y 2z 19 0, p 8 .
S: (b ) : 2x y 2z 1 0
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Dng 3: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n khong cch

Cu 12. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua O, vung
gc vi mt phng (Q): x y z 0 v cch im M(1; 2; 1) mt khong bng
2.
PT mt phng (P) qua O nn c dng: Ax By Cz 0 (vi A2 B2 C 2 0 ).

V (P) (Q) nn: 1.A 1.B 1.C 0 C A B (1)
A 2B C
2 ( A 2B C )2 2(A2 B2 C 2)
d(M ,(P )) 2
2
2
2
A B C
B0
(3)
T (1) v (2) ta c: 8AB 5B2 0
8A 5B 0 (4)
T (3): B = 0 C = A. Chn A = 1, C = 1 (P): x z 0
T (4): 8A + 5B = 0. Chn A = 5, B = 8 C = 3 (P): 5x 8y 3z 0 .
(2)
x 1 y 3 z
v
1
1
4
im M(0; 2; 0). Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M, song song vi ng
thng , ng thi khong cch d gia ng thng v mt phng (P) bng 4.
Phng trnh mp (P) i qua M(0; 2; 0) c dng: ax by cz 2b 0 ( a2 b2 c2 0)
r
i qua im A(1; 3; 0) v c mt VTCP u (1;1;4)
Cu 13. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ng thng :
a b 4c 0
a 5b
P (P )
Ta c:
d
(
A
;(
P
))
a 4c
4 a 2c .
2
2
2
a b c
Vi a 4c . Chn a 4,c 1 b 8 Phng trnh (P): 4x 8y z 16 0 .
Vi a 2c . Chn a 2,c 1 b 2 Phng trnh (P): 2x 2y z 4 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
x y z 1
; M (0;3; 2), d 3.
a) Vi :
1 1
4
S: (P ) : 2x 2y z 8 0 hoc (P ) : 4x 8y z 26 0 .
x t
Cu 14. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) : y 1 2t v im

z 1
A(1;2;3) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng (d) sao cho khong cch t
im A n mt phng (P) bng 3.
r
r
(d) i qua im M(0; 1;1) v c VTCT u (1;2;0) . Gi n (a; b;c) vi a2 b2 c2 0
l VTPT ca (P) .
PT mt phng (P): a(x 0) b(y 1) c(z 1) 0 ax by cz b c 0 (1).
rr
Do (P) cha (d) nn: u.n 0 a 2b 0 a 2b (2)
a 3b 2c
5b 2c
d A,(P ) 3
3
3 5b 2c 3 5b2 c2
2
2
2
2
2
a b c
5b c
4b2 4bc c2 0 2b c 0 c 2b
2
(3)
T (2) v (3), chn b 1 a 2,c 2 PT mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 1 0 .

Cu 15. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im M (1;1;0), N(0;0; 2), I (1;1;1) . Vit
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phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A v B, ng thi khong cch t I n (P) bng
3.

M (P )
a b,2c a b, d a b (1)
Ta c: N (P )
.
5a 7b,2c a b, d a b (2)
d(I ,(P )) 3
+ Vi (1) PT mt phng (P): x y z 2 0
+ Vi (2) PT mt phng (P): 7x 5y z 2 0 .
Cu 16. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho t din ABCD vi A(1; 1;2) , B(1;3;0) ,
C(3;4;1) , D(1;2;1) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A, B sao cho khong cch t C
n (P) bng khong cch t D n (P).

a b 2c d 0
A (P )
a 3b d 0
Ta c: B (P )
3a 4b c d a 2b c d
d(C,(P )) d(D,(P ))
2
2
2
a b c
a2 b2 c2
b 2a,c 4a, d 7a
c 2a, b a, d 4a
+ Vi b 2a,c 4a, d 7a (P): x 2y 4z 7 0 .
+ Vi c 2a, b a, d 4a (P): x y 2z 4 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1;2;1), B(2;1;3),C(2; 1;1), D(0;3;1) .
S: (P ) : 4x 2y 7z 15 0 hoc (P ) : 2x 3z 5 0.
Cu 17. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im A(1;2;3) , B(0; 1;2) ,
C(1;1;1) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P ) i qua A v gc ta O sao cho khong cch
t B n (P ) bng khong cch t C n (P ) .
V O (P) nn (P ) : ax by cz 0, vi a2 b2 c2 0.
Do A (P) a 2b 3c 0 (1) v d(B,(P )) d(C,(P )) b 2c a b c (2)
T (1) v (2) b 0 hoc c 0.
Vi b 0th a 3c (P ) :3x z 0
Vi c 0 th a 2b (P ) : 2x y 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1;2;0), B(0;4;0),C(0;0;3) .
S: 6x 3y 4z 0 hoc 6x 3y 4z 0 .
Cu 18. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ba im A(1;1; 1) , B(1;1;2) ,
C(1;2; 2) v mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 1 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) i qua

A, vung gc vi mt phng (P), ct ng thng BC ti I sao cho IB 2IC .
PT ( ) c dng: ax by cz d 0 , vi a2 b2 c2 0
Do A(1;1; 1) ( ) nn: a b c d 0 (1); ( ) (P ) nn a 2b 2c 0 (2)
a b 2c d
a 2b 2c d
2
IB 2IC d(B,( )) 2d(C;( ))
a2 b2 c2
a2 b2 c2
3a 3b 6c d 0
(3)
a 5b 2c 3d 0
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T (1), (2), (3) ta c 2 trng hp sau :

a b c d 0
1
3
b a; c a; d
a.
TH1 : a 2b 2c 0
2
2
3a 3b 6c d 0
Chn a 2 b 1;c 2; d 3 ( ) : 2x y 2z 3 0
a b c d 0
3
3
b a; c a; d
a.
TH2 : a 2b 2c 0
2
2
a 5b 2c 3d 0
Chn a 2 b 3; c 2; d 3 ( ) : 2x 3y 2z 3 0
Vy: ( ) : 2x y 2z 3 0 hoc ( ) : 2x 3y 2z 3 0
Cu 19. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1, d2 ln lt c phng
x 2 y 2 z 3
x 1 y 2 z 1
, d2 :
. Vit phng trnh mt phng cch
2
1
3
2
1
4
u hai ng thng d1, d2 .
r
r
Ta c d1 i qua A(2;2;3) , c ud1 (2;1;3) , d2 i qua B(1;2;1) v c ud2 (2; 1;4) .
r
r r
Do (P) cch u d1, d2 nn (P) song song vi d1, d2 nP ud1,ud2 (7; 2; 4)
PT mt phng (P) c dng: 7x 2y 4z d 0
Do (P) cch u d1, d2 suy ra d(A,(P )) d(B,(P ))
trnh d1 :
7.2 2.2 4.3 d
7.1 2.2 4.1 d
d 2 d 1 d
69
69
Phng trnh mt phng (P): 14x 4y 8z 3 0
3
2
Cu 20. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1, d2 ln lt c phng
x 1 t
x 2 y 1 z 1
trnh d1 : y 2 t , d2 :
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) song song
1
2
2
z 1
vi d1 v d2 , sao cho khong cch t d1 n (P) gp hai ln khong cch t d2 n (P).
r
Ta c : d1 i qua A(1;2;1) v c VTCP u1 (1; 1;0)
r
d2 i qua B(2;1; 1) v c VTCP l u2 (1; 2;2)
r
r r
r
Gi n l VTPT ca (P), v (P) song song vi d1 v d2 nn n u1,u2 (2; 2; 1)
Phng trnht (P): 2x 2y z m 0 .
7 m
5 m
; d(d2,(P )) d(B,(P ))
d(d1,(P )) d(A;(P ))
3
3
7 m 2(5 m)
17
d(d1,(P )) 2d(d2,(P )) 7 m 2. 5 m
m 3; m
3
7 m 2(5 m)
17
17
+ Vi m 3 (P ) : 2x 2y z 3 0
+ Vi m (P ) : 2x 2y z 0
3
3
Cu 21. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua hai im
A(0; 1;2) , B(1;0;3) v tip xc vi mt cu (S): (x 1)2 (y 2)2 (z 1)2 2 .
(S) c tm I (1;2; 1) , bn knh R 2 .

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PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0)

A (P )
a b,c a b, d 2a 3b
Ta c: B (P )
3a 8b,c a b, d 2a 3b
d(I ,(P )) R
+ Vi (1) Phng trnh ca (P): x y 1 0
+ Vi (2) Phng trnh ca (P): 8x 3y 5z 7 0
(1)
(2)
Cu 22. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im A(2; 1;1) . Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) i qua im A v cch gc ta O mt khong ln nht.

Ta c d(O,(P )) OA . Do d(O,(P ))max OA xy ra OA (P ) nn mt phng (P)
uuu
r
cn tm l mt phng i qua A v vung gc vi OA. Ta c OA (2; 1;1)
Vy phng trnh mt phng (P): 2x y z 6 0 ..
Cu 23. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im A(10; 2; 1) v ng thng d c
x 1 y z 1

. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A, song song vi d
2
1
3
v khong cch t d ti (P) l ln nht.
Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn d d(d, (P)) = d(H, (P)). Gi s im I l hnh chiu ca
H ln (P), ta c AH HI HI ln nht khi A I . Vy (P) cn tm l mt phng i qua A
uuur
v nhn AH lm VTPT (P): 7x y 5z 77 0 .
phng trnh:
Cu 24. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh tham s
x 2 t; y 2t; z 2 2t . Gi l ng thng qua im A(4;0;1) song song vi (d)
v I(2;0;2) l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (d). Vit phng trnh ca mt phng cha
v c khong cch n (d) l ln nht.
Gi (P) l mt phng cha , th (P ) P (d) hoc (P ) (d) . Gi H l hnh chiu vung
gc ca I trn (P). Ta lun c IH IA v IH AH .
d(d,(P )) d(I ,(P )) IH
Mt khc
H (P )
Trong (P), IH IA ; do maxIH = IA H A . Lc ny (P) v tr (P0) IA ti A.
r uu
r
r
Vect php tuyn ca (P0) l n IA 6;0; 3 , cng phng vi v 2;0; 1 .
Phng trnh ca mt phng (P0) l: 2(x 4) 1.(z 1) 2x z 9 0 .
x 1 y z 2

v im
2
1
2
A(2;5;3) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d sao cho khong cch t A n (P) l ln
nht.
Cu 25. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d :

r
r
(P) c VTPT n (a; b;c) , d i qua im M(1;0;2) v c VTCP u (2;1;2) .
M (P )
a 2c d 0
2c (2a b)
V (P) d nn r r
. Xt 2 trng hp:
. 0
nu
2a b 2c 0
d a b
TH1: Nu b = 0 th (P): x z 1 0 . Khi : d(A,(P )) 0.
TH2: Nu b 0. Chn b 1 ta c (P): 2ax 2y (2a 1)z 2a 2 0.
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Khi :
d(A,(P ))
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9
8a2 4a 5
3 2
1
3
2 2a
2
2
1
1
Vy max d( A,(P )) 3 2 2a 0 a . Khi : (P): x 4y z 3 0.
2
4
Cu hi tng t:
x 1 y 1 z 2
, A(5;1;6) .
a) d :
S: (P ) : 2x y z 1 0
2
1
5
x 1 y 2 z
, A(1;4;2) .
b) d :
S: (P ) : 5x 13y 4z 21 0
1
1
2
Cu 26. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho hai im M(0; 1;2) v N(1;1;3) . Vit phng
trnh mt phng (P) i qua M, N sao cho khong cch t im K(0;0;2) n mt phng (P)
l ln nht.
PT (P) c dng: Ax B(y 1) C(z 2) 0 Ax By Cz B 2C 0
( A2 B2 C 2 0)
N(1;1;3) (P ) A B 3C B 2C 0 A 2B C
(P ) :(2B C )x By Cz B 2C 0;
d(K ,(P ))
B
2
2
4B 2C 4BC
Nu B = 0 th d(K, (P)) = 0 (loi)

Nu B 0 th
d(K ,(P ))
2
2
C
2
1 2
B
Du = xy ra khi B = C. Chn C = 1. Khi PT (P): x y z 3 0 .
4B2 2C 2 4BC
Dng 4: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n gc

Cu 27. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng () cha ng thng ():
x1 y
z
v to vi mt phng (P) : 2x 2y z 1 0 mt gc 600. Tm ta giao

1
1 2
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im M ca mt phng () vi trc Oz.

r
r
() qua im A(1;0;0) v c VTCP u (1; 1; 2) . (P) c VTPT n
(2; 2; 1) .
uuuur
u
u
u
r
ur
r
Giao im M (0;0; m) cho AM (1;0; m) . () c VTPT n AM ,u (m; m 2;1)
() v (P): 2x 2y z 1 0 to thnh gc 600 nn :
1
1
1
r r
cos n, n
2m2 4m 1 0 m 2 2 hay m 2 2
2
2m2 4m 5 2
Kt lun : M(0;0;2 2) hay M(0;0;2 2)
Cu 28. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua giao
tuyn d ca hai mt phng (a ) : 2x y 1 0 , ( ) : 2x z 0 v to vi mt phng

(Q) : x 2y 2z 1 0 mt gc m cos 2 2
9
Ly A(0;1;0), B(1;3;2) d . (P) qua A PT (P) c dng: Ax By Cz B 0.
(P) qua B nn: A 3B 2C B 0 A (2B 2C )
(P ) : (2B 2C )x By Cz B 0
cos
2B 2C 2B 2C
3 (2B 2C )2 B2 C 2
2 2
13B2 8BC 5C 2 0.
9
5
.
13
+ Vi B C 1 (P ) : 4x y z 1 0
5
+ Vi B , C 1 (P ) : 23x 5y 13z 5 0 .
13
Chn C 1 B 1; B
Cu 29. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;2; 3), B(2; 1; 6) v mt
phng (P ) : x 2y z 3 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha AB v to vi mt

phng (P) mt gc tho mn cos
3
.
6
PT mt phng (Q) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

a 2b 3c d 0
A (Q)
2a b 6c d 0
B (Q)
a 4b,c 3b, d 15b

Ta c:
a b,c 0, d b
a 2b c
3
cos 3
a2 b2 c2 1 4 1 6
6
Phng trnh mp(Q): 4x y 3z 15 0 hoc (Q): x y 3 0 .

Cu hi tng t:
1
a) A(0;0;1), B(1;1;0) , (P ) (Oxy),cos
.
6
S: (Q): 2x y z 1 0 hoc (Q): x 2y z 1 0 .
x y z 3 0
. Vit
2x y z 4 0
phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to vi mt phng (Oxy) mt gc
600 .
S: (P ) : 2x y z 2 2 0 hoc (P ) : 2x y z 2 2 0
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Cu 31. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai mt phng (P ) : 5x 2y 5z 1 0 v
(Q) : x 4y 8z 12 0. Lp phng trnh mt phng (R) i qua im M trung vi gc ta

O, vung gc vi mt phng (P) v to vi mt phng (Q) mt gc a 450 .
Gi s PT mt phng (R): ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

Ta c: (R) (P ) 5a 2b 5c 0
(1);
R),(Q)) cos450
cos((
a 4b 8c
2
(2)
2
9 a2 b2 c2
a c
2
2
T (1) v (2) 7a 6ac c 0
c 7a
Vi a c : chn a 1, b 0,c 1 PT mt phng (R) : x z 0
Vi c 7a : chn a 1, b 20,c 7 PT mt phng (R) : x 20y 7z 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P ) : x y 2z 0,(Q) (Oyz), M (2; 3;1),a 450 .
S: (R) : x y 1 0 hoc (R) : 5x 3y 4z 23 0
Cu 32. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh:
x 1 y 1 z 1
x y z
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha 1 v

v 2 :
1
1
3
1 2 1
to vi 2 mt gc a 300 .
1 :
p s: (P): 5x 11y 2z 4 0 hoc (P): 2x y z 2 0.

Cu hi tng t:
x y 2 z
x 2 y 3 z 5
a) Vi 1 :
, a 300 .
, 2 :
1
1 1
2
1
1
S: (P): x 2y 2z 2 0 hoc (P): x 2y z 4 0
x 1 y z 1
x y 2 z 1

b) 1 :
, 2 :
, a 300 .
2 1
1
1
1
1
S: (P): (18 114)x 21y (15 2 114)z (3 114) 0
hoc (P): (18 114)x 21y (15 2 114)z (3 114) 0
Cu 33. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im
M(1;2;3) v to vi cc trc Ox, Oy cc gc tng ng l 450, 300 .

r
r
r
Gi n (a; b;c) l VTPT ca (P). Cc VTCP ca trc Ox, Oy l i (1;0;0), j (0;1;0) .
2 a 2b
Ta c:
c b
sin(Oy,(P )) 1
2
sin(Ox,(P ))
PT mt phng (P):
2(x 1) (y 2) (z 3) 0 hoc 2(x 1) (y 2) (z 3) 0
Cu 34. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (Q): x 2y z 5 0 v ng
x 1 y 1 z 3
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to

2
1
1
vi mt phng (Q) mt gc nh nht.
thng d :
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P ),(Q)) .
PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) . Gi a ((
M (P ) c a b
Chn hai im M (1; 1;3), N(1;0;4) d . Ta c:

N (P ) d 7a 4b
3
a b
.
(P): ax by (2a b)z 7a 4b 0 cos
6 5a2 4ab 2b2
TH1: Nu a = 0 th cos
TH2: Nu a 0 th cos
3
6
3
6
b
2b2
3
a 300 .
2
b
a
b b
5 4 2
a a
. t x
b
v f (x) cos2
a
9 x2 2x 1
Xt hm s f (x) .
.
6 5 4x 2x2
Da vo BBT, ta thy min f (x) 0 cos 0 a 900 300
Do ch c trng hp 1 tho mn, tc a = 0. Khi chn b 1,c 1, d 4 .
Vy: (P): y z 4 0.
Cu hi tng t:
x1 y 2 z
a) Vi (Q): x 2y 2z 3 0, d :
.
S: (P ) : x 2y 5z3 0 .
1
2
1
x 1 y 2 z
.
b) Vi (Q) (Oxy), d :
S: (P ) : x y z 3 0.
1
1
2
x t
c) Vi (Q) : 2x y z 2 0 , d : y 1 2t .
S: (P ) : x y z 3 0 .
z 2 t
Cu 35. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im M (1; 1;3), N(1;0;4) v mt phng
(Q): x 2y z 5 0. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua M, N v to vi (Q) mt gc

nh nht.
S: (P ) : y z 4 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) M (1;2; 1), N(1;1;2),(Q) (Oxy) .
S: (P ) : 6x 3y 5z 7 0 .
x 1 t
Cu 36. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d : y 2 t . Vit phng

z 2t
trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to vi trc Oy mt gc ln nht.
P ),Oy) .
PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) . Gi a ((
M (P ) 2c a b
Chn hai im M (1; 2;0), N(0; 1;2) d . Ta c:

N (P ) d a 2b
2b
a b
z a 2b 0 sin
(P): ax by
.
2
5a2 5b2 2ab
TH1: Nu b = 0 th a 00 .
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TH2: Nu b 0 th
Xt hm s f (x)
Trn S Tng
2
sin
a
2
2
a
a . t x b v f (x) sin a .
5 5 2
b
b
. Da vo BBT, ta c max f (x)
5
1
x a 00 .
6
5
5x 2x 5
a 1
Vy ln nht khi . Chn a 1, b 5,c 2, d 9 (P): x 5y 2z 9 0 .
b 5
Cu 37. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1 :
x 1 y 2 z
v
1
2
1
x 2 y1 z
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d1 sao cho gc gia mt phng
2
1 2
(P) v ng thng d2 l ln nht.
r
d1 i qua M(1; 2;0) v c VTCP u (1;2; 1) .V d1 (P ) nn M (P ) .
d2 :
PT mt phng (P) c dng: A(x 1) B(y 2) Cz 0 ( A2 B2 C 2 0)

rr
Ta c: d (P ) u.n 0 C A 2B .
P ), d ) sina
Gi a ((
2
TH1: Vi B = 0 th sina
TH2: Vi B 0. t t
Xt hm s f (t)
1
(4A 3B)2
.
2
2
3. 2A2 4AB 5B2 3 2A 4AB 5B
2 2
3
A
1
(4t 3)2
, ta c: sina .
B
3 2t2 4t 5
(4t 3)2
2
4A 3B
2t 4t 5
5 3
Khi sina f (7)
.
9
. Da vo BBT ta c: max f (t)
25
A
khi t 7 7
7
B
A
5 3
khi 7.
B
9
Phng trnh mt phng (P) : 7x y 5z9 0.
So snh TH1 v TH2 ln nht vi sina
x 1 y 2 z 1
v im
1
1
1
A(2; 1;0) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A, song song vi d v to vi mt phng
(Oxy) mt gc nh nht.
S: (P ) : x y 2z 1 0.
Cu 39. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (Q): 2x y z 2 0 v im
A(1;1; 1) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im A, vung gc vi mt phng (Q) v
to vi trc Oy mt gc ln nht.
S: (P ) : y z 0 hoc (P ) : 2x 5y z 6 0 .
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Dng 5: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n tam gic

Cu 40. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho im A(4; 5; 6). Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) qua A, ct cc trc ta ln lt ti I, J, K m A l trc tm ca tam gic IJK.

x y z
Gi I(a;0;0), J(0;b;0), K(0;0;c) (P ) : 1
a b c
4 5 6
uu
r
uur
1
77
77
77
IA
Ju
A
uur (4 a;5;6), u
r (4;5 b;6) a b c
a ; b ; c
5
b
6
c
0
4
5
6
J K (0; b;c),
IK ( a;0; c)
4a 6c 0
Vy phng trnh mt phng (P): 4x 5y 6z 77 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1; 1; 1).
S: (P): x y z 3 0
Cu 41. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho A(2; 0; 0) M(1; 1; 1). Mt phng (P) thay i
qua AM ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c) (b > 0, c > 0). Chng minh
rng: b c
bc
. T , tm b, c din tch tam gic ABC nh nht.
2
x y z
1 1 1
bc
PT mp (P) c dng: 1. V M (P ) nn 1 b c .
2 b c
2 b c
2
uuu
r
uuur
Ta c AB(2; b;0) , AC(2;0; c). Khi S b2 c2 (b c)2 .
V b2 c2 2bc; (b c)2 4bc nn S 6bc .
M bc 2(b c) 4 bc bc 16 . Do S 96 . Du "=" xy ra b c 4 .
Vy: minS 96 khi b c 4 .
Cu 42. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho im A(2;2;4) v mt phng (P ) : x y z 4 0 .
Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) song song vi (P) v (Q) ct hai tia Ox, Oy ti 2 im B,
C sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng 6.
V (Q) // (P) nn (Q): x y z d 0 (d 4) . Gi s B (Q) Ox, C (Q) Oy
r uuur
1 uuu
B(d;0;0),C(0; d;0) (d 0) . SABC AB, AC 6 d 2
2
(Q) : x y z 2 0.
Cu 43. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho cc im A(3;0;0), B(1;2;1) . Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) qua A, B v ct trc Oz ti M sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
9
.
2
S: (P ) : x 2y 2z 3 0 .
Dng 6: Cc dng khc v vit phng trnh mt phng
Cu 44. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im
M(9;1;1) , ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho th tch t din OABC c gi tr nh

nht.
Gi s A(a;0;0) Ox, B(0; b;0) Oy,C(0;0; c) Oz (a, b,c 0) .
x y z
Khi PT mt phng (P) c dng: 1.
a b c
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Ta c: M (9;1;1) (P )
Trn S Tng
9 1 1
1 (1);
a b c
VOABC
1
abc (2)
6
(1) abc 9bc ac ab 33 9(abc)2 (abc)3 27.9(abc)2 abc 243

9bc ac ab a 27
x y z
b 3 (P):
1.
Du "=" xy ra 9 1 1
27 3 3
c 3
a b c 1
Cu hi tng t:
x y z
1
a) Vi M(1;2;4) .
S: (P ) :
3 6 12
M(1;2;3) , ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho biu thc
1
2
OA
1
2
OB
1
OC 2
c gi tr
nh nht.
S: (P ) : x 2y 3z 14 0 .
M(2;5;3) , ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho biu thc OA OB OC c gi tr nh

nht.
x
y
z
1.
S: (P ) :
2 6 10 5 10 15 3 6 15
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TKG 02: VIT PHNG TRNH NG THNG

Dng 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng bng cch xc nh vect ch phng
x 1 y 1 z 2
v mt
2
1
3
phng P : x y z 1 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1;1; 2) , song song
vi mt phng (P ) v vung gc vi ng thng d .
uur uur
x 1 y 1 z 2
r
r
u ud; nP (2;5; 3) . nhn u lm VTCP :

2
5
3
Cu 47. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
Cu 48. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh: { x t ;
y 1 2t ; z 2 t ( t R ) v mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 3 0 .Vit phng trnh tham

s ca ng thng nm trn (P), ct v vung gc vi (d).
Gi A = d (P) A(1; 3;1) .
Phng trnh mp(Q) qua A v vung gc vi d: x 2y z 6 0
l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q) : x 1 t; y 3; z 1 t
Cu 49. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 0) v ng thng :
x 1 y 1 z
. Lp phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua im M, ct v vung gc
2
1
1
vi .
uuuu
r
r
u (2;1; 1) . Gi H = d . Gi s H (1 2t; 1 t; t) MH (2t 1;t 2; t) .
uuuu
r r
uuuu
r
2
r
MH u 2(2t 1) (t 2) (t) 0 t ud 3MH (1; 4; 2)
3
x 2 t
d: y 1 4t .
z 2t
Cu 50. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x + 2y 2z + 1 = 0 v hai
im A(1;7; 1), B(4;2;0). Lp phng trnh ng thng (D) l hnh chiu vung gc ca
ng thng AB trn (P).
Gi (Q) l mt phng qua A, B v vung gc vi (P) (Q): 8x + 7x + 11z 46 = 0.
(D) = (P) (Q) suy ra phng trnh (D).
Cu 51. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca
x 2z 0
trn mt phng P : x 2y z 5 0 .
3x 2y z 3 0
ng thng d :
x 4t
r
3
PTTS ca d: y 7t . Mt phng (P) c VTPT n (1; 2;1) .
2
2
t
11
3
3
Gi A d (P ) A 4; ;2 . Ta c B 0; ;0 d, B 0; ;0
(P ) .
2
4 7 4
Gi H (x; y; z) l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn (P). Ta tm c H ; ; .
3 6 3
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Gi l hnh chiu vung gc ca d trn (P) i qua A v H

x 4 16t
u
u
u
r
11
r
c VTCP u 3HA (16;13;10) Phng trnh ca : y 13t .
2
2
10t
Cu hi tng t:
x 1 23m
x 1 y 1 z 2
a) Vi d :
, (P ) : x 3y 2z 5 0.
S: : y 2 29m
2
1
3
z 5 32m
Cu 52. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, gi A, B, C ln lt giao im ca mt phng
P :
6 x 2 y 3 z 6 0 vi Ox, Oy, Oz. Lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua tm

ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ng thi vung gc vi mt phng (P).
Ta c: (P ) Ox A(1;0;0); (P ) Oy B(0;3;0); (P ) Oz C(0;0;2)
Gi l ng thng vung gc (OAB) ti trung im M ca AB; ( ) l mt phng trung
1 3
trc cnh OC; I tm mt cu ngoi tip t din OABC. Ta c: I (a ) I ; ;1 .
2 2
Gi J tm ng trn ngoi tip ABC th IJ (ABC) , nn d chnh l ng thng IJ .
1
x 2 6t
3
Phng trnh ng thng d:
.
y 2 2t
z 1 3t
Cu 53. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho 3 im A(1;2; 1), B(2;1;1);C(0;1;2) v
x 1 y 1 z 2
. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm ca

2
1
2
tam gic ABC, nm trong mt phng (ABC) v vung gc vi ng thng d.
uuu
r
uuur
uuu
r uuur
Ta c AB (1; 1;2), AC (1; 1;3) AB, AC (1; 5; 2)
ng thng d :
phng trnh mt phng (ABC): x 5y 2z 9 0

Gi trc tm ca tam gic ABC l H (a; b;c) , khi ta c h:
uuur uuur
BH .AC 0 a b 2c 3 a 2
r
uuur uuu
CH
.
AB
0 a b 3c 0
b 1 H (2;1;1)
H ABC a 5b 2c 9 c 1
Do ng thng nm trong (ABC) v vung gc vi (d) nn:

r
r
u nABC
r
r
r
u nABC ,ud (12;2; 11) .
r
r
u
u
d

Vy phng trnh ng thng :
x 2 y 1 z 1
12
2
11
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Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n mt ng thng khc

Cu 54. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 0) v ng thng d c phng
x 1 y 1 z
. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng i qua im M, ct v

2
1
1
vung gc vi ng thng d v tm to im M i xng vi M qua d.
trnh d :
x 1 2t
r
PTTS ca d: y 1 t . d c VTCP u (2;1; 1) .

z t
uuuu
r
Gi H l hnh chiu ca M trn d H (1 2t; 1 t; t) MH (2t 1; 2 t; t)
uuuu
r 1
uuuu
rr
4
2
7 1 2
2
MH
; ;
t
H
;
Ta c MH d MH .u
,
0
3
3
3
3 3 3
3
x 2 y 1 z
Phng trnh ng thng :

.
1
4 2
8 5 4
Gi M l im i xng ca M qua d H l trung im ca MM M ; ; .
3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
x 1 y z 3
x 3 y 1 z 1

a) M (4; 2;4); d :
.
S: :
3
2
1
2
1
4
Cu 55. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
x y 1 z 1
v hai im A(1;1; 2) ,
1
2
1
B(1;0;2) . Vit phng trnh ng thng qua A, vung gc vi d sao cho khong cch
t B ti l nh nht.
r
d c VTCP ud (1;2; 1) . Gi (P) l mt phng i qua A v vung gc vi d. Gi H l
hnh chiu vung gc ca B ln (P) khi ng thng i qua A v H tha YCBT.
Ta c: (P): x 2y z 5 0. Gi s H (x; y; z) .
H (P )
1 8 2
Ta c: uuur r
H ; ;
ng phng
3 3 3
BH ,ud cu
u
u
u
r
x 1 y 1 z 2
r
u 3AH (2;5;8) Phng trnh :

.
2
5
8
x 1 y z 1

v hai im
2
3 1
A(1;2; 1), B(3; 1; 5) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A v ct ng thng
sao cho khong cch t B n ng thng d l ln nht.
uuur
uuu
r
Gi s d ct ti M M (1 2t;3t; 1 t) , AM (2 2t;3t 2; t), AB (2; 3; 4)
Gi H l hnh chiu ca B trn d. Khi d(B, d) BH BA . Vy d(B, d) ln nht bng
BA
uuur uuu
r
H A AM AB AM .AB 0 2(2 2t) 3(3t 2) 4t 0 t 2
Cu 56. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng :
M(3;6; 3) PT ng thng d :
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.
1
2
1
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Cu 57. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 5; 0), B(3; 3; 6) v ng
x 1 y 1 z
. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im B v ct ng thng

thng :
2
1 2
ti im C sao cho din tch tam gic ABC c gi tr nh nht.
x 1 2t
Phng trnh tham s ca : y 1 t . im C nn C(1 2t;1 t;2t) .

z 2t
uuur
uuu
r
uuur uuu
r
AC (2 2t; 4 t;2t); AB (2; 2;6) ; AC, AB (24 2t;12 8t;12 2t)
r
uuur uuu
r
1 uuur uuu
AC, AB 2 18t2 36t 216 S AC, AB = 18(t 1)2 198 198
2
x 3 y 3 z 6
Vy Min S = 198 khi t 1 hay C(1; 0; 2) Phng trnh BC:

.
2
3
4
x 1 y 2 z 2
v mt
3
2
2
phng (P): x + 3y + 2z + 2 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng thng song song vi mt phng
(P), i qua M(2; 2; 4) v ct ng thng (d).
x 1 3t
r
ng thng (d) c PTTS: y 2 2t . Mt phng (P) c VTPT n (1; 3; 2)

z 2 2t
uuuu
r
Gi s N(1 + 3t ; 2 2t ; 2 + 2t) d MN (3t 3; 2t;2t 2)
uuuu
rr
MN // (P) th MN.n 0 t 7 N(20; 12; 16)
x 2 y 2 z 4
Phng trnh ng thng :

9
7
6
Cu hi tng t:
x y 1 z 2
x 1 y 3 z 3
a) d :
, (P ) : x 3y 2z 2 0 , M(2;2;4) . S: :
1
2
1
1
1
1
x 1 y 2 z 1
x 2 y z 2

b) d :
, (P ):2x y z 1 0, M(1;2;1) . S: :
2
9
5
1
3
2
x 2 y 4 z 1
x 3 y 2 z 4
c)
, (P ) :3x 2y 3z 2 0 , M(3; 2; 4) . S: :
3
2
2
5
6
9
Cu 59. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng ( ) :3x 2y z 29 0 v hai
im A(4;4;6) , B(2;9;3) . Gi E, F l hnh chiu ca A v B trn ( ) . Tnh di on

EF . Tm phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt phng ( ) ng thi i qua giao
im ca AB vi ( ) v vung gc vi AB.
uuu
r r
uuu
r
19
r
sin(
AB
,(
))
cos(
AB
, na )
AB (2;5; 3), na (3; 2;1) ,
532
EF AB.cos(AB,( )) AB 1 sin2( AB,( )) 38 1
361
171
532
14
x 6 t
uur
uuu
r uur
AB ct ( ) ti K(6; 1;9) ; u AB, n (1;7;11) . Vy : y 1 7t

z 9 11t
Trang 18
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
Cu 60. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 mt phng (P), (Q) v ng thng (d) ln
x 1 y z 1

. Lp
2
1
1
phng trnh ng thng nm trong (P) song song vi mt phng (Q) v ct ng thng
(d).
r
r
r r
(P), (Q) ln lt c VTPT l nP (1; 2;1), nQ (1; 3;3) nP , nQ (3; 2; 1)
PTTS ca (d): x 1 2t, y t, z 1 t . Gi A = (d) () A(1 2t; t;1 t) .
Do A (P) nn: 1 2t 2t 1 t 0 t 2 A(3; 2; 1)
r
r
u nP
r
r r
r
r u nP , nQ (3; 2; 1)
Theo gi thit ta c: u
nQ
x 3 y 2 z 1
Vy phng trnh ng thng () :

.
3
2
1
lt c phng trnh: (P ) : x 2y z 0, (Q) : x 3y 3z 1 0, (d) :
Cu 61. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 3 im A(1;2; 1), B(2;1;1),C(0;1;2) v
x 1 y 1 z 2
. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm ca

2
1
2
tam gic ABC, nm trong mt phng (ABC) v vung gc vi ng thng (d).
uuu
r
uuur
uuu
r uuur
Ta c AB (1; 1;2), AC (1; 1;3) AB, AC (1; 5; 2)
ng thng (d) :
phng trnh (ABC): x 5y 2z 9 0

uuur uuur
BH .AC 0 a b 2c 3
r
uuur uuu
H
(
a
;
b
;
c
)
CH
.
AB
0 a b 3c 0
Gi trc tm ca ABC l
H ( ABC ) a 5b 2c 9
r
r
u nABC
r
r
r
u nABC , nd
r
Do () (ABC) v vung gc vi (d) nn: r
u ud
PT ng thng :
a 2
b 1 H (2;1;1)
c1
(12;2; 11)
x 2 y 1 z 1
.
12
2
11
Cu 62. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y z 5 0, ng
x 3 y 1 z 3
v im A(2;3;4) . Vit phng trnh ng thng nm

2
1
1
trn (P), i qua giao im ca d v (P), ng thi vung gc vi d. Tm im M trn sao
cho khong cch AM ngn nht.
r
r
u nP
(P )
r .
Gi B = d (P) B(1;0;4) . V
nn r
d
u ud
thng d :
x 1 t
1 r r
r
Do ta c th chn u nP ,ud (1; 1; 1) PT ca : y t .
3
z 4 t
2
Gi s M (1 t; t;4 t) AM 3t2 8t 10 3 t 4 14 14
3
3
3
7 4 16
7 4 16
4
Du "=" xy ra t M ; ; . Vy AM t GTNN khi M ; ; .
3
3 3 3
3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
Trang 19
hoctoancapba.com
Trn S Tng
xt
S: : y 1
z 4t
x 1 t
(
P
)
:
2
x
2
z
0
d
:
a)
,
y 3 2t .
z 3 t
Cu 63. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im
A(3; 1;1) , ng thng
x y 2 z
, mt phng (P ) : x y z5 0 . Vit phng trnh ca ng thng d i

1
2
2
qua im A , nm trong ( P) v hp vi ng thng mt gc 450 .
r r
r
Gi ud , u ln lt l cc VTCP ca d v ; nP l VTPT ca ( P).
r
r
r
t ud (a; b; c), (a2 b2 c2 0) . V d nm trong ( P) nn ta c : nP ud
a b c 0 b a c
Theo gt: (d, ) 450
( 1 ).
a 2b 2c
a2 b2 c2 .3
2
2(a 2b c)2 9(a2 b2 c2)
2
(2)
15a
7
x 3 t
y 1 t
z 1
Thay (1) vo ( 2) ta c : 14c2 30ac 0 c 0; c
+ Vi c 0: chn a b 1 PTTS ca d l :
15a
+ Vi c
: chn a 7, c 15, b 8 .PTTS ca d l:
7
x 3 7t
y 1 8t .
z 1 15t
x 3 y 2 z 1
v mt phng
2
1
1
(P): x y z 2 0 . Gi M l giao im ca d v (P). Vit phng trnh ng thng
nm trong mt phng (P), vung gc vi d ng thi khong cch t M ti bng 42 .
Cu 64. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x 3 2t
r
r
PTTS d: y 2 t M(1; 3;0) . (P) c VTPT nP (1;1;1) , d c VTCP ud (2;1; 1)

z 1 t
r
r r
V nm trong (P) v vung gc vi d nn VTCP u ud , nP (2; 3;1)
uuuu
r
Gi N(x; y; z) l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn , khi MN (x 1; y 3; z) .
uuuu
r r
MN u
x y z 2 0
Ta c N (P )
2x 3y z 11 0
N(5; 2; 5) hoc N(3; 4; 5)
(x 1)2 (y 3)2 z2 42
MN 42
x 5 y 2 z 5
2
3
1
x 3 y 4 z 5
Vi N(3; 4; 5) Phng trnh ca :

.
2
3
1
Vi N(5; 2; 5) Phng trnh ca :
Cu 65. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng ( ): x y z 1 0 , hai ng
thng ():
x1 y z
x y z 1
, ():

. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) nm
1 1 1
1 1
3
Trang 20
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
trong mt phng ( ) v ct (); (d) v () cho nhau m khong cch gia chng bng
6
.
2
r
r
() c VTPT n (1;1; 1) , () c VTCP u (1; 1;1) () ().
uuu
r
Gi A () (a ) A(0;0; 1) ; B () (a ) B(1;0;0) AB (1;0;1)
V (d) () v (d) ct () nn (d) i qua A v () () nn mi ng thng nm trong
() v khng i qua B u cho vi ().
r
r r
Gi ud (a; b; c) l VTCP ca (d) ud.n a b c 0 (1)
uuu
r
r
v ud khng cng phng vi AB (2)
uuu
r r
AB,u
2b2 (a c)2
6
6
d
d
(
d
,
d
(
B
,
d
)
Ta c:
(3)
r
2
2
ud
a2 b2 c2
a 0
T (1) v (3) ac 0
.
c 0
x 0
r
Vi a 0. Chn b c 1 ud (0;1;1) d : y t
z 1 t
x t
r
Vi c 0. Chn a b 1 ud (1; 1;0) d : y t .

z 1
Trang 21
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Trn S Tng
Dng 3: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n hai ng thng khc
Cu 66. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca hai
x 3 7t
x 7 y 3 z 9
ng thng: 1 :
v 2 : y 1 2t .
1
2
1
z 1 3t
x 7 t'
Phng trnh tham s ca 1 : y 3 2t'

z 9 t'
Gi M v N ln lt l giao im ca ng vung gc chung vi 1 v 2
M(7 + t;3 + 2t;9 t) v N(3 7t;1 + 2t;1 + 3t)
r
r
VTCP ln lt ca 1 v 2 l a = (1; 2; 1) v b = (7;2;3)
uuuu
r r
uuuu
rr
MN.a 0
u
MN
a
r r uuuu
rr
Ta c: uuu
. T y tm c t v t To ca M, N.
MN
b
MN
.b 0
ng vung gc chung chnh l ng thng MN.

Cu hi tng t:
x 3 t
x 2 2 t'
2x y 10z 47 0
(
)
:
y
2
t
(
)
:
a) Vi 1
, 2 y 2 t'
.
S: :
x 3y 2z 6 0
z 4
z 2 4t'
Cu 67. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im
2x 3y 11 0
x 2 y 1 z 1
M 4; 5;3 v ct c hai ng thng: d1 :
v d2 :
.
y
2
z
0
2
3
5
x 5 3t1
Vit li phng trnh cc ng thng: d1 : y 7 2t1 ,

z t
x 2 2t2
d2 : y 1 3t2 .
z 1 5t
Gi A d d1, B d d2 A(5 3t1; 7 2t1; t1) , B(2 2t2; 1 3t2;1 5t2) .

uuur
uuur
MA (3t1 9;2t1 2; t1 3) , MB (2t2 6;3t2 4; 5t2 2)
uuur uuur
MA, MB (13t t 8t 13t 16; 13t t 39t ; 13t t 24t 31t 48)
12
1
2
12
2
12
1
2
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
t 2
r
M, A, B thng hng MA, MB cng phng MA, MB 0 1
t2 0
uuu
r
A(1; 3;2), B(2; 1;1) AB (3;2; 1)
x 4 3t
uuu
r
ng thng d qua M(4; 5; 3) v c VTCP AB (3;2; 1) d : y 5 2t

z 3 t
Cu hi tng t:
x t
x y 2 z
a) M(1;5;0), d1 :
, d2 : y 4 t .
S:
1
3 3
z 1 2t
x 2 y 1 z 3
x 3 y 7 z 1
b) M(3; 10; 1) , d1 :
, d2 :
3
1
2
1
2
1
Trang 22
x 3 2t
S: d : y 10 10t
z 1 2t
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
Cu 68. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng 1, 2 v mt phng ( ) c
x 2 t
x 1 y 1 z 2
, ( ) : x y z 2 0 . Vit phng
phng trnh l 1 : y 5 3t, 2 :
1
1
2
z t
trnh ng thng d i qua giao im ca 1 vi ( ) ng thi ct 2 v vung gc vi trc

Oy.
x 2 t
t 1
y 5 3t
x 1
A(1;2; 1)
To giao im A ca ( ) v 1 tho mn h z t
y
x y z 2 0 z 1
r
Trc Oy c VTCP l j (0;1;0) . Gi d l ng thng qua A ct 2 ti
uuu
r
uuu
rr
uuu
r
B(1 t; 1 t; 2 2t) . AB (t; t 3;2t 1); d Oy AB j 0 t 3 AB (3;0;5)
uuu
r
ng thng d i qua A nhn AB (3;0;5) lm VTCP c phng trnh l
x 1 3u
.
y 2
z 1 5u
x 1 t
Cu 69. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d1 : y 1 2t , ng thng d2

z 1 2t
l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P): 2x y 1 0 v (Q): 2x y 2z 5 0 . Gi I l giao

im ca d1, d2 . Vit phng trnh ng thng d3 qua im A(2; 3; 1), ng thi ct hai
ng thng d1, d2 ln lt ti B v C sao cho tam gic BIC cn nh I.
PTTS ca d2 : x t'; y 1 2t'; z 3 2t' . I d1 d2 I (1;1;1) .

Gi s: B(1 t;1 2t;1 2t) d1,C(t'; 1 2t';3 2t') d2 (t 0, t' 1)
IB IC
t1
BIC cn nh I uuur uuur ur
Phng trnh d3 : x 2; y 3; z 1 2t
t' 2
[AB , AC ] 0
Cu 70. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 4x 3y 11z 0 v hai
x
y 3
z 1 x 4
y
z 3
=
=
,
=
=
. Chng minh rng d1 v d2 cho
1
2
3
1
1
2
nhau. Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trn (P), ng thi ct c d1 v d2.
To giao im ca d1 v (P): A(2;7;5). To giao im ca d2 v (P): B(3;1;1)
x 2 y 7 z 5
Phng trnh ng thng :

.
5
8
4
ng thng d1:
Cu 71. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai mt phng v hai ng thng c phng
trnh (P): 3x 12y 3z 5 0 v (Q): 3x 4y 9z 7 0 , (d1):
x 5 y 3 z 1
, (d2):
2
4
3
x 3 y 1 z 2
. Vit phng trnh ng thng () song song vi hai mt phng (P),

2
3
4
(Q) v ct (d1), (d2).
r
r
(P) c VTPT nP (1; 4; 1) , (Q) c php vect nQ (3; 4; 9)
Trang 23
hoctoancapba.com

r
r
(d1) c VTCP u1 (2; 4; 3) , (d2) c VTCP u2 (2; 3; 4)
Trn S Tng
(1) (P ) (Q)
(P ) (d ),(P ) P (P )
1
1
1
Gi: (Q ) (d ),(Q ) P (Q) () = (P1) (Q1) v () // (1)
2
1
r 1r
u
1
r 1 r r
() c vect ch phng u [nP ; nQ ] (8; 3; 4)
4
r
r
r r
r
(P1) c cp VTCP u1 v u nn c VTPT: nP1 [u1; u] (25; 32; 26)
Phng trnh mp (P1): 25(x + 5) + 32(y 3) + 26(z + 1) = 0 25x 32y 26z 55 0
r
r r
r
r
(Q1) c cp VTCP u2 v u nn c VTPT: nQ1 [u2; u] (0; 24; 18)
Phng trnh mp (Q1): 0(x 3) 24(y 1) 18(z 2) 0 4y 3x 10 0
25x 32y 26z 55 0
Ta c: () (P1) (Q1) phng trnh ng thng () :
4y 3z 10 0
Cu 72. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 3 0 v hai
x 4 y 1 z
x 3 y 5 z 7
v
.
2
2
1
2
3
2
Vit phng trnh ng thng ( ) song song vi mt phng (P), ct (d1) v (d2) ti A v
B sao cho AB = 3.
A (d1) A(4 2t;1 2t; t) ; B (d2) B(3 2t; 5 3t;7 2t)
uuu
r
r
AB (7 2t 2t; 6 3t 2t;7 2t t) , nP (2; 1;2) .
uuu
rr
uuu
r
AB.n
t 2
P 0
T gi thit ta c:
A(2; 1;1), AB (1;2;2) .
t 1
AB 3
ng thng (d1), (d2) ln lt c phng trnh
Phng trnh ng thng ():
x 2 y 1 z 1
.
1
2
2
Cu 73. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y z 1 0 v hai
x 1 y 2 z 3
x 1 y 1 z 2
, d2 :
. Vit phng trnh ng
2
1
3
2
3
2
thng song song vi (P), vung gc vi d1 v ct d2 ti im E c honh bng 3.
r
r
r
d1 c VTCP u1 (2;1;3) , d2 c VTCP u2 (2;3;2) , (P) c VTPT n (2; 1;1) .
r
Gi s c VTCP u (a; b;c) , E d2 c xE 3 E(3; 1;6) .
rr
P (P ) u.n 0
r
2a b c 0
a c
r r
Ta c:
Chn u (1;1; 1)
2a b 3c 0
b c
u.u1 0
d1
ng thng d1 :
PT ng thng : x 3 t; y 1 t; z 6 t .
Cu 74. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d1),(d2) v mt phng (P) c phng
x 1 y 2 z
x 2 y 1 z 1
, (d2) :
; (P ) : x y 2z 5 0 . Lp phng
1
2
1
2
1
1
trnh ng thng (d) song song vi mt phng (P) v ct (d1),(d2) ln lt ti A, B sao cho
di on AB nh nht.
trnh: (d1) :
Trang 24
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com

uuu
r
t A(1 a; 2 2a; a), B(2 2b;1 b;1 b) AB ( a 2b 3; 2a b 3; a b 1)
uuu
r r
uuu
r
AB
nP (1;1; 2) b a 4. Suy ra: AB (a 5; a 1; 3)
Do AB // (P) nn:
AB (a 5)2 (a 1)2 (3)2 2a2 8a 35 2(a 2)2 27 3 3
uuu
r
a 2
Suy ra: min AB 3 3
, A(1;2;2) , AB (3; 3; 3) .
b 2
Vy d :
x 1 y 2 z 2
.
1
1
1
x 8
Cu 75. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d1) :
y 6 z 10
1
1
x t
v (d2) : y 2 t . Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Ox v ct (d1)
z 4 2t
ti A, ct (d2) ti B. Tnh AB.
Gi s: A(8 2t1;6 t1;10 t1) d1, B(t2;2 t2; 4 2t2) d2.
uuu
r
AB (t2 2t1 8; t2 t1 4);2t2 t1 14) .
uuu
r r
t t 4 0
t 22
AB, i (1;0;0) cng phng 2t2 t1 14 0 t1 18
2 1
2
A
(
52;
16;32),
B
(18
;
16;32)
.
Phng trnh ng thng d: x 52 t; y 16; z 32 .
x 23 8t
Cu 76. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: (d1): y 10 4t v (d2):
z t
x 3 y 2 z
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Oz v ct c hai

2
2 1
ng thng (d1), (d2).
Gi s A(23 8t1; 10 4t1; t1) d1, B(3 2t2; 2 2t2; t2) d2.
uuu
r
AB (2t2 8t1 26; 2t2 4t1 8;t2 t1)
17
uuu
r r
t1 6
2t2 8t1 26 0
1 4 17
AB // Oz AB, k cu
A ; ;
ng phng 2t 4t 8 0
5
3 3 6
2
1
t
2
3
1
4
17
Phng trnh ng thng AB: x ; y ; z t
3
3
6
Cu 77. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(2,0,0); B(0,4,0); C(2,4,6) v
6x 3y 2z 0
ng thng (d):
. Vit phng trnh ng thng // (d) v ct cc
6x 3y 2z 24 0
ng thng AB, OC.
Phng trnh mt phng () cha AB v song song d: (): 6x + 3y + 2z 12 = 0
Phng trnh mt phng () cha OC v song song d: (): 3x 3y + z = 0
Trang 25
hoctoancapba.com
Trn S Tng
6x 3y 2z 12 0
l giao tuyn ca () v () :
3x 3y z 0
Cu 78. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho bn im A(4;5;6); B(0;0;1); C(0;2;0);
D(3;0;0). Chng minh cc ng thng AB v CD cho nhau. Vit phng trnh ng

thng (D) vung gc vi mt phng Oxy v ct cc ng thng AB, CD.
Gi (P) l mt phng qua AB v (P) (Oxy) (P): 5x 4y = 0
(Q) l mt phng qua CD v (Q) (Oxy) (Q): 2x + 3y 6 = 0
Ta c (D) = (P)(Q) Phng trnh ca (D)
Cu 79. Trong khng gian vi
h to Oxyz, cho
hai ng thng c phng trnh:
x 1 2t
x y z
d1 : y t
v d2 : . Xt v tr tng i ca d1 v d2. Vit phng trnh
1 1 2
z 1 t
ng thng d qua M trung vi gc to O, ct d1 v vung gc vi d2.
uuu
r
ng thng cn tm ct d1 ti A(12t; t; 1+t) OA = (12t; t; 1+t)
uuu
rr
d d2 OA.u2 0 t 1 A(1; 1;0) PTTS ca d: x t; y t; z 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi M(1;1;1) , (d1):
x 2 2t
x 2 y z 1

, (d2) : y 5t
.
3
1 2
z 2 t
S: d :
x 1 y 1 z 1
3
1
1
Cu 80. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh:
x t
(d1) : y 4 t v (d2) :
z 6 2t
x t'
y 3t' 6
z t' 1
Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca im I(1; 1; 1) trn (d 2). Tm phng trnh tham s ca

ng thng i qua K vung gc vi (d1) v ct (d1).
r
r
(d1) c VTCP u1 (1; 1; 2) ;
(d2) c VTCP u2 (1; 3; 1)
uur
K (d2) K (t; 3t 6; t 1) IK (t 1; 3t 5; t 2)
uur r
18 12 7
18
IK u2 t 1 9t 15 t 2 0 t
K
; ;
11
11 11 11
uuur 18
56
59
t;
t;
2t
Gi s (d ) ct (d1) ti H (t; 4 t; 6 2t), (H (d1)) . HK
11
11
11
uuur r
uuur 1
18
56
118
26
HK u1
t
t
4t 0 t
HK (44; 30; 7).
11
11
11
11
11
18
12
7
Vy, PTTS ca ng thng (d ): x 44 ; y 30 ; z 7
11
11
11
Cu 81. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(0;1;1) v 2 ng thng (d1), (d2)
x 1 y 2 z
; (d2) l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P): x 1 0 v (Q):

3
2
1
x y z 2 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) qua M vung gc (d1) v ct (d2).
Phng trnh mt phng () i qua M(0;1;1) vung gc vi (d1): 3x 2y z 3 0 .
vi: (d1):
Trang 26
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
3x 2y z 3 0
5 8
A 1; ;
A = (d2) () x 1 0
3 3
x y z 2 0
Phng trnh AM:
x y 1 z 1
.
3
2
5
Cu 82. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : 2x y 2z 0 v 2 ng
x 1 y 2 z
x 1 y 1 z 1
. Vit phng trnh ng thng ( )
, d ' :
2
1
1
1
3
2
nm trong mt phng (P), vung gc vi ng thng (d) v ct ng thng (d').
x 1 2t
r
r
Ta c nP (2; 1;2), ud (1;3;2) v PTTS ca (d'): y 2 t

z t
thng (d) :
Gi A = (d') (P) A(1 2t;2 t; t) .

Do A (P) nn: 2(1 2t) 2 t 2t 0 t 0 A(1;2;0)
r
r r
Mt khc () nm trong (P), vung gc vi (d) nn u vung gc vi nP , ud ta c th
r
r r
x 1 y 2 z
chn u nP ,ud (8; 2;7) Phng trnh :

8
2 7
Cu 83. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y z 1 0 v hai
x 1 y 2 z 3
x 1 y 1 z 2
, (d2):
. Vit phng trnh ng
2
1
3
2
3
2
thng () song song vi mt phng (P), vung gc vi ng thng (d 1) v ct ng thng
(d2) ti im E c honh bng 3.
r
r
x 3 t
aV nP
r
r r
r aV nP , ad1 4(1;1; 1) (): y 7 t .

E (d2) E(3; 7; 6). r
aV ad1
z 6 t
ng thng (d1):
Cu 84. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 0;3), B(2; 0;1) v mt
phng (P) c phng trnh: 3x 8y 7z 1 0 . Vit phng trnh chnh tc ng thng d

nm trn mt phng (P) v d vung gc vi AB ti giao im ca ng thng AB vi (P).
Giao im ca ng thng AB v (P) l: C(2;0;1)
uuu
r r
x 2 y z 1
ng thng d i qua C v c VTCP l AB, nP d:

2
1 2
Cu 85. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1:
x 1 y 1 z 1
;
2
1
1
x 1 y 2 z 1
v mt phng (P): x y 2z 3 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng

1
1
2
nm trn mt phng (P) v ct hai ng thng d1 , d2 .
Gi A = d1 , B = d2 . V (P) nn A = d1 (P), B = d2 (P)
A(1; 0; 2), B(2; 3; 1)
x 1 y z 2

chnh l ng thng AB Phng trnh :
.
1
3 1
d2:
Cu 86. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi
Trang 27
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Trn S Tng
mt phng (P): x y z 1 0 ng thi ct c hai ng thng (d1) :
x 1 y 1 z
v
2
1 1
x 1 t
(d2) : y 1 , vi t R .
z t
Ly M d1 M 1 2t1; 1 t1; t1 ; N d2 N 1 t; 1; t
uuuu
r
Suy ra MN t 2t1 2;t1; t t1
4
t
uuuu
r
1 3 2
r
5
M ; ;
(d) (P ) MN k.n; k R* t 2t1 2 t1 t t1
5 5 5
t 2
1
5
1
3
2
d: x y z
5
5
5
Cu hi tng t:
x 1 y 1 z
x 2 y z 1
, (d2) :

a) Vi (P): 2x y 5z 3 0, (d1) :
2
1
2
1
1 2
x 1 y 2 z 2
S: d :
2
1
5
x 1 y 1 z 2
x 2 y 2 z
b) Vi (P ) : 2x y 5z 1 0, d1 :
, d2 :
2
3
1
1
5
2
S:
x 1 y 4 z 3
2
1
5
Cu 87. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ba mt phng: (P): 2x y z 1 0 , (Q):
x 2 y 1 z
. Gi 2 l
2
1
3
giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q). Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi (R) v ct c
hai ng thng 1 , 2 .
x y 2z 3 0, (R): x 2y 3z 1 0 v ng thng 1 :
1 c PTTS: x 2 2t; y 1 t; z 3t ;
2 c PTTS:
x 2 s; y 5 3s; z s .
Gi s d 1 A; d 2 B A(2 2t; 1 t;3t), B(2 s;5 3s; s)

uuu
r
r
AB (s 2t;3s t 6; s 3t) , (R) c VTPT n (1;2; 3) .
uuu
r r
1 1 23
s 2t 3s t 6 s 3t
23
t
; ;
A
d (R) AB, n cng phng
1
2
3
24
12 12 8
23
1
1
z
x
y
Vy phng trnh ca d:
8 .
12
12
1
2
3
Cu 88. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ba ng thng c phng trnh
x t
x y 2 z
x 1 y 1 z 1
d1 : y 4 t , d2 :
, d3 :
. Vit phng trnh ng
1
3 3
5
2
1
z 1 2t
thng , bit ct ba ng thng d1, d2, d3 ln lt ti cc im A, B, C sao cho
AB BC .
Xt ba im A, B, C ln lt nm trn ba ng thng d1, d2, d3 .
Trang 28
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
Gi s A(t;4 t; 1 2t), B(u;2 3u; 3u), C(1 5v;1 2v; 1 v) .

Ta c: A, B, C thng hng v AB = BC B l trung im ca AC
t (1 5v) 2u
t1
4 t (1 2v) 2.(2 3u) u 0 A(1;3;1), B(0;2;0), C(1;1; 1) .

v 0
1 2t (1 v) 2(3u)
x y 2 z
ng thng i qua A, B, C c phng trnh:

1
1
1
Dng 4: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n khong cch

x 2 4t
Cu 89. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng (d): y 3 2t v mt phng

z 3 t
(P): x y 2z 5 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng () nm trong (P), song song vi (d)
v cch (d) mt khong l 14 .
Chn A(2;3; 3), B(6;5; 2) (d), m A, B (P) nn (d) (P) .
r r
u ud
r
Gi u l VTCP ca ( d1) (P), qua A v vung gc vi (d) th r r
u uP
r r r
nn ta chn u [ud ,uP ] (3; 9;6) .
x 2 3t
Phng trnh ca ng thng ( d1) : y 3 9t (t R)

z 3 6t
Ly M(2+3t; 3 9t; 3+6t) ( d1) . () l ng thng qua M v song song vi (d).

Theo : AM 14
9t2 81t2 36t2 14 t2
1
1
t
9
3
1
x 1 y 6 z 5
t = M(1;6; 5) (1) :
3
4
2
1
1
x 3 y z 1

t = M(3;0; 1) (2):
3
4
2
1
Trang 29
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Trn S Tng
Cu 90. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x y z 1 0 v ng
x 2 y 1 z 1
. Gi I l giao im ca d v (P). Vit phng trnh ca ng

1
1
3
thng nm trong (P), vung gc vi d sao cho khong cch t I n bng h 3 2 .
r
r
(P) c VTPT nP (1;1; 1) v d c VTCP u (1; 1; 3) . I d (P ) I (1;2;4)
r
r r
V (P ); d c vc t ch phng u nP ,u (4;2; 2)
Gi H l hnh chiu ca I trn H mp(Q) qua I v vung gc
Phng trnh (Q): 2(x 1) (y 2) (z 4) 0 2x y z 4 0
x1
r r
Gi d1 (P ) (Q) d1 c VTCP nP ; nQ (0;3;3) 3(0;1;1) v d1 qua I d1 : y 2 t

z 4 t
uur
Gi s H d1 H (1;2 t;4 t) IH (0;t; t) . Ta c:
thng: d:
t 3
t 3
IH 3 2 2t2 3 2
x 1 y 5 z 7
2
1
1
x 1 y 1 z 1
Vi t 3 H (1; 1;1) Phng trnh :

.
2
1
1
Cu hi tng t:
x 3 y 2 z 1
a) (P ) : x y z 2 0, d :
, h 42 .
2
1
1
x 5 y 2 z 5
x 3 y 4 z 5
S: :
; :
2
3
1
2
3
1
Vi t 3 H (1;5;7) Phng trnh :
Cu 91. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 9 0 v ng
x 1 y 1 z 3
. Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc vi (P) v ct d

1
7
1
ti mt im M cch (P) mt khong bng 2.
r
V (P) nn nhn nP (2;1; 2) lm VTCP.
thng d :
8
t 11
Gi s M (t 1;7t 1;3 t) d . Ta c: d(M ,(P )) 2 11t 2 6
t 4
11
19 45 41
8
19
45
41
+ Vi t
M ; ; : x 2t; y t; z 2t
11
11 11 11
11
11
11
7 39 29
4
7
39
29
2t
+ Vi t
M ; ; : x 2t; y t; z
11
11 11 11
11
11
11
Cu 92. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x 3y z 1 0 v cc
im A(1;0;0) ; B(0; 2;3) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d nm trong (P) i qua A v cch
B mt khong ln nht (nh nht).
r
Ta c: A(1;0;0) (P ) . Gi VTCP ca ng thng d l: u
(a; b;c), a2 b2 c2 0
rr
Ta c: d (P ) u.nP 0 c a 2b
Trang 30
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
uu
r uuu
r
uuu
r
AB (1;2; 3) ; ud, AB (2a 7b;2a 2b;2a b)
r
r uuu
u
, AB
12a2 24ab 54b2
d(B, d)
r
u
2a2 4ab 5b2
+ TH1: Nu b = 0 th d(B, d) 6
+ TH2: Nu b 0. t t
Xt hm s f (t)
a
12t2 24t 54
d(B, d)
b
2t2 4t 5
f (t)
12t2 24t 54
ta suy ra c 6 d(B, d) f (t) 14

2t2 4t 5
So snh TH1 v TH2 6 d(B, d) 14
Do :
a) min(d(B, d)) 6 b 0 . Chn a =1 c= 1
x 1 t
Phng trnh ng thng d: y 0

z t
b) max(d(B, d)) 14 a b. Chn b = 1 a =1 , c = 1
x 1 t
Phng trnh ng thng d: y t

z t
Cu 93. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x 2y 2z 5 0 v cc
im A(3;0;1) ; B(1; 1;3) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A, song song vi (P) v
cch B mt khong nh nht.
x 3 y z 1

S: d :
.
26 11 2
x 1 y z 2

, hai im
2
1 1
A(0; 1;2) , B(2;1;1) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A v ct ng thng sao
cho khong cch t B n d l ln nht (nh nht).
uuur
r
Gi M d . Gi s M (1 2t; t;2 t) . VTCP ca d: ud AM (2t 1; t 1; t)
uuu
r r
uuu
r
AB(2;2; 1) ; AB;ud (1 t;1;4 2t)
uuu
r r
AB,u
12t2 18t 18
d(B, d) r d
f (t)
ud
6t2 2t 2
Cu 94. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng :
Xt hm s f (t)
12t2 24t 54
2
2t 4t 5
. Ta c max f (t) ff(0) 18; min (t) f (2)
1
d(B, d) 18
11
1
a) min(d(B, d))
t 2 Phng trnh ng thng d:
11
Trang 31
x 3t
y 1 3t
z 2 2t
hoctoancapba.com
1
11
Trn S Tng
x t
b) max(d(B, d)) 18 t 0 Phng trnh ng thng d: y 1 t

z 2 t
Cu hi tng t:
x y z 1 0
, A(2;1; 1), B(1;2;0) .
a) :
x y z 1 0
x 1 0
x 2y 3 0
; dmin :
y z 2 0
y z 2 0
S: dmax :
x 1 y 2 z 1
, A(3; 2;1), B(2;1; 1) .

1
2
1
x 3 y 2 z 1
x 3 y 20 z 1
S: dmax :
; dmin :
.
19
3
5
5
20
7
x 1 y 2 z
, A(1;4;2), B(1;2;4) .
c) :
1
1
2
x 1 y 4 z 2
x 1 y 4 z 2
S: dmax :
; dmin :
1
4
3
15
18
19
b) :
x 1 y 2 z
, hai im
2
1
1
A(1;1;0), B(2;1;1) . Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v vung gc vi d, sao cho
khong cch t B n l ln nht.
uuu
r
r
Ta c VTCP ca d l: ud (2;1;1) v AB (1;0;1) .
Gi H l hnh chiu ca B ln ta c: d(B, ) BH AB . Do khong cch t B n
ln nht khi H A . Khi l ng thng i qua A v vung gc vi AB.
r
d
r
r uuu
Ta c
C th chn VTCP ca l u ud , AB (1; 1; 1)
AB
x 1 t
PT ca l: y 1 t
z t
Cu 96. Trong khng gian vi h
to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua

x 1 y z 2
A(0; 1;2) , ct ng thng 1 :

sao cho khong cch gia d v ng
2
1 1
x 5 y z
l ln nht.
thng 2 :
2
2 1
uuur
r
Gi M d 1. Gi s M (1 2t; t;2 t) .VTCP ca d : ud AM (2t 1; t 1; t)
uuur
r
r r
2 i qua N(5;0;0) v c VTCP v (2; 2;1) ; AN (5;1; 2) ; v ;ud (t 1;4t 1;6t)
r r uuur
v ,ud .AN
(2 t)2
d(2, d)
3.
3. f (t)
r r
v ,ud
53t2 10t 2
Xt hm s f (t)
(2 t)2
2
. Ta suy ra c max f (t) f (
4
26
)
37
9
53t 10t 2
t z 2 4t
max(d(, d)) 26 Phng trnh ng thng d: x 29t; y 1 41;
Cu hi tng t:
Trang 32
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
a) A(2; 1;2), 1 :
x 1 y 1 z 1
x 2y z 1 0
x 2 y 1 z 2
, 2 :
. S: d :
.
2
1
1
41
68
27
x y z 1 0

A(1; 1;2) , song song vi mt phng (P ) : x y z 1 0 sao cho khong cch gia d v
x y z 3 0
ng thng :
l ln nht.
2x y z 2 0
x1
S: y 1 t .
z 2 t
Dng 5: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n gc

Cu 98. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(3; 1; 1), ng thng :
x y 2 z
v mt phng (P): x y z 5 0 . Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng

1
2
2
thng d i qua A, nm trong (P) v hp vi ng thng mt gc 450 .
r r r
Gi ud ,u , nP ln lt l cc VTCP ca d, v VTPT ca (P).
r
Gi s ud (a; b; c) (a2 b2 c2 0) .
r
r
+ V d (P) nn ud nP a b c 0 b a c
(1)
+ d, 450
a 2b 2c
3 a2 b2 c2
2
2(a 2b c)2 9(a2 b2 c2) (2)
2
c 0
14c2 30ac 0 15a 7c 0
+ Vi c = 0: chn a = b = 1 PTTS ca d: x 3 t; y 1 t; z 1
+ Vi 15a + 7c = 0: chn a = 7, c = 15, b = 8
PTTS ca d: x 3 7t; y 1 8t; z 1 15t .
T (1) v (2) ta c:
Cu 99. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt
x 1 t
x 3 t
d
:
y
t
;
d
(
P
)
:
x
0
phng
, ct cc ng thng 1
2 : y 1 t v to vi
z 2 2t
z 1 2t
d1 mt gc 300.
r
Ta c d1 (P ) . Gi A d2 (P ) A(5; 1;5) . d1 c VTCP u1 (1;1;2) .
uuu
r
Ly B(1 t;t;2 2t) d1 AB (t 4;t 1;2t 3) l VTCP ca
Ta c cos(, d1) cos300
Trang 33
6t 9
6 (t 4)2 (t 1)2 (2t 3)2
3
t 1
2
t 4
hoctoancapba.com
Trn S Tng
x 5 t
uuu
r
+ Vi t 1 th AB (5;0; 5) d: y 1
z 5 t
x 5
uuu
r
+ Vi t 4 th AB (0;5;5) d: y 1 t
z 5 t
Cu 100. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh chp A.OBC, trong A(1; 2; 4), B
thuc trc Ox v c honh dng, C thuc Oy v c tung dng. Mt phng (ABC)

vung gc vi mt phng (OBC), tanOBC 2 . Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
BC.
BC: x 2 t; y 2t; z 0.
Cu 101. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(2; 1;1), B(0;1; 2) v ng
x y 3 z 1
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua giao im ca ng
1 1
2
thng d vi mt phng (OAB), nm trong mt phng (OAB) v hp vi ng thng d mt
5
gc sao cho cos .
6
PT mt phng (OAB): x 4y 2z 0 . Gi M = d (OAB) M(10;13; 21) .
r
Gi s c VTCP u (a; b; c)
+ V (OAB) nn a 4b 2c 0
(1)
a b 2c
5
5
+ cos
(2)
6
6 a2 b2 c2 6
thng d :
5
2
b c, a c
T (1) v (2)
11
11
b c
,
a
6
c
r
5
2
x 10 y 13 z 21
+ Vi b c, a c u (2; 5; 11) PT ca :
11
11
2
5
11
r
x 10 y 13 z 21
+ Vi b c, a 6c u (6; 1; 1) PT ca :
6
1
1
Cu 102. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im
A(0;1; 2) , vung gc vi ng thng d :
x 3 y 2 z
v to vi mt phng (P):
1
1 1
2x y z 5 0 mt gc a 300 .
r
Gi s c VTCP u (a; b; c) .
r
a b c 0
a d
2a b c
3 c 0, a b
Ta c:
3
c 2a, b a
cos 2
2
2
2
2
6 a b c
r
+ Vi c 0, a b u (1;1;0) : x t; y 1 t; z 2
r
+ Vi c 2a, b a u (1; 1; 2) : x t; y 1 t; z 2 2t .
Cu 103. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua
Trang 34
Trn S Tng
hoctoancapba.com
A(1; 1;2) , song song vi mt phng (P ) : 2x y z 3 0, ng thi to vi ng thng

x 1 y1 z
:
mt gc ln nht (nh nht).

1
2 2
r
r
c VTCP u (1; 2;2) . Gi VTCP ca ng thng d l u (a; b;c) .
rr
d P (P ) u.nP 0 c 2a b . Gi gc gia hai mt phng l .
1
(5a 4b)2
.
2
2
3 5a2 4ab 2b2 3 5a 4ab 2b
1
+ TH1: Nu b = 0 th cos . 5
3
5a 4b
cos
+ TH2: Nu b 0. t t
Xt hm s f (t)
a
1
(5t 4)2
1
cos .
. f (t)
2
b
3 5t 4t 2 3
(5t 4)2
2
5t 4t 2
. Ta suy ra c: 0 cos
So snh TH1 v TH2, ta suy ra: 0 cos
f (t)
5 3
9
5 3
9
Do :
a 4
x 1 y 1 z 2
Phng trnh ng thng d :
b 5
4
5
3
a
1
x 1 y 1 z 2
5 3
b) max(cos )
Phng trnh ng thng d:
b
5
1
5
7
9
a) min(cos ) 0

x 1 y 2 z 2
A(1;0; 1) , ct ng thng 1 :
sao cho gc gia d v ng thng

2
1
1
x 3 y 2 z 3
2 :
l ln nht (nh nht).

1
2
2
Gi M d 1. Gi s M (1 2t;2 t; 2 t) .
uuur
r
VTCP ca d : u AM (2t 2; t 2; 1 t) . Gi a (d, ) .
d
2
t2
2
cos .
. f (t)
2
3 6t 14t 9 3
t2
9 9
. Ta suy ra c max f (t) f ( ) ; min f (t) f (0) 0
7 5
6t2 14t 9
x 1 y z 1

a) min(cos ) 0 t 0 Phng trnh ng thng d :
2
2 1
x 1 y z 1
2 5 t 9

b) max(cos )
Phng trnh ng thng d :
7
4
5
2
5
Xt hm s f (t)
Dng 6: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n tam gic

Trang 35
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Trn S Tng
Cu 105. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ABC vi ta nh C(3; 2; 3) v phng
trnh ng cao AH, phng trnh ng phn gic trong BD ln lt l:

x 2 y 3 z 3
x 1 y 4 z 3
d1 :
, d2 :
. Lp phng trnh ng thng cha
1
1
2
1
2
1
cnh BC ca ABC v tnh din tch ca ABC .
Gi mp(P) qua C v vung gc vi AH (P ) d1 (P ) : x y 2z 1 0
B (P ) d2 B(1;4;3) phng trnh BC : x 1 2t; y 4 2t; z 3
Gi mp(Q) qua C, vung gc vi d2, (Q) ct d2 v AB ti K v M. Ta c:
(Q) : x 2y z 2 0 K (2;2;4) M (1;2;5) (K l trung im ca CM).
x1
r uuur
1 uuu
AB : y 4 2t , do A AB d1 A(1;2;5) S ABC AB, AC 2 3 .
2
z 3 2t
Cu 106. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ABC vi A(1; 1;1) v hai ng trung
x 1 t
x y 1 z 2
tuyn ln lt c phng trnh l d1 :

, d2 : y 0 . Vit phng trnh
2 3
2
z 1 t
ng phn gic trong ca gc A.
Ta c A d1, A d2 . Gi M d1, N d2 ln lt l trung im AC, AB.
1
B(0;1;2)
2
1
M (2t;1 3t;2 2t) C(4t 1;3 6t;3 4t) . C d2 t C(1;0;1)
2
uuu
r
uuur
Ta c: AB 6, AC 1. Gi AD l ng phn gic trong ca gc A th DB 6DC
uuur 1 2 6
6
1 2 6
1
;
;
AD
;
;
D
1 6 1 6 1 6
1 6; 1 6 1 6
N(1 t;0;1 t) B(1 2t;1;1 2t) . B d1 t
Vy phng trnh ng thng AD l:
x 1 y 1 z 1
.
1 2 6
1
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TKG 03: VIT PHNG TRNH MT CU

Dng 1: Vit phng trnh mt cu bng cch xc nh tm v bn knh
Cu 107. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im I (1; 2;3) . Vit phng trnh mt cu
tm I v tip xc vi trc Oy.

Gi M l hnh chiu ca I (1; 2;3) ln Oy, ta c: M(0; 2;0) .
uuu
r
IM (1;0; 3) R IM 10 l bn knh mt cu cn tm.
Kt lun: PT mt cu cn tm l (x 1)2 (y 2)2 (z 3)2 10 .
Cu 108. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: (d1) : x 2t; y t; z 4 v
(d2) : x 3 t ; y t ; z 0 . Chng minh (d1) v (d2) cho nhau. Vit phng trnh mt cu
(S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca (d1) v (d2).
Gi MN l ng vung gc chung ca (d1) v (d2) M (2; 1; 4); N(2; 1; 0)
Phng trnh mt cu (S): (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 4.

Cu hi tng t:
x 2 2t
2
2
2
x 2 y 1 z

1
11
13
5
, d2 : y 3
a) d1 :
.
S: (S) : x y z
1
1 2
6
6
6
3
z t
x 2 y1 z
x 2 y 4 z 2
,(d2) :
b) (d1) :
1
2
2
1
6
2
2
S: (S) :(x 2)2 y 5 (z 3)2 9
2
4
Cu 109. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: d1 :
x 4 y 1 z 5
v
3
1
2
x 2t
d 2 : y 3 3t . Vit phng trnh mt cu c bn knh nh nht tip xc vi c hai ng

z t
thng d1 v d2 .
Mt cu nhn on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng l ng knh.

Cu hi tng t:
x 2t
x 3 t
a) d1 : y t , d2 : y t .
S: (S) :(x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 4
z 4
z 0
Cu 110. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (1) c phng trnh
x 2t; y t; z 4 ;
(2)
l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng
( ) : x y 3 0 v
( ) : 4x 4y 3z 12 0 . Chng t hai ng thng 1, 2 cho nhau v vit phng trnh

mt cu nhn on vung gc chung ca 1, 2 lm ng knh.
Gi AB l ng vung gc chung ca 1 , 2 : A(2t;t;4) 1, B(3 s; s;0) 2

AB 1, AB 2 A(2;1;4), B(2;1;0)
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Phng trnh mt cu l: (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 4

Cu 111. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c A O,
B(3;0;0), D(0;2;0), A(0;0;1). Vit phng trnh mt cu tm C tip xc vi AB.

K CH AB, CK DC CK (ADCB) nn CKH vung ti K.
49
49
CH 2 CK 2 HK 2
. Vy phng trnh mt cu: (x 3)2 (y 2)2 z2
10
10
Cu 112. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho 4 im A( 1; 1; 2), B( 1; 3; 2), C( 4; 3;
2), D( 4; 1; 2) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh: x y z 2 0 . Gi A l hnh chiu ca

A ln mt phng Oxy. Gi (S) l mt cu i qua 4 im A, B, C, D. Xc nh to tm v
bn knh ca ng trn (C) l giao ca (P) v (S).
D thy A( 1; 1; 0). Phng trnh mt cu ( S): x 2 y 2 z 2 5 x 2 y 2 z 1 0
5
;1;1 , bn knh R 29
2
2
+) Gi H l hnh chiu ca I ln (P). H l tm ca ng trn ( C)
x 5/ 2 t
5 1 1
H ; ;
+) PT ng thng (d) i qua I v vung gc vi (P): d: y 1 t
3 6 6
z 1 t
(S) c tm I
IH
75 5 3
29 75
31
186
, (C) c bn knh r R2 IH 2
36
6
4 36
6
6
Cu 113. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(1; 2; 3) v ng thng d c
x 1 y 2 z 3
. Tnh khong cch t im A n ng thng d. Vit

2
1
1
phng trnh mt cu tm A, tip xc vi d.
uur r
BA, a
4 196 100
d(A, (d)) =
5 2
r
a
4 1 1
phng trnh
PT mt cu tm A (1; 2; 3), bn knh R = 5 2 : (x 1)2 (y 2)2 (z 3)2 50

x 5 y 7 z
v im
2
2 1
M(4;1;6) . ng thng d ct mt cu (S), c tm M, ti hai im A, B sao cho AB 6. Vit
phng trnh ca mt cu (S).
uuuu
r
r
d i qua N(5;7;0) v c VTCP u (2; 1;1) ; MN (9;6; 6) .
Gi H l chn ng vung gc v t M n ng thng d MH = d(M , d) 3 .
Bn knh mt cu (S): R2 MH 2 AB 18 .
2
PT mt cu (S): (x 4)2 (y 1)2 (z 6)2 18.

Cu 115. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng : 2x y 2z 3 0 v mt
cu S : x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 8z 4 0 . Xt v tr tng i ca mt cu (S) v mt
phng . Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) i xng vi mt cu (S) qua mt phng .
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2
2
2
(S) : x 1 y 2 z 4 25 c tm I 1; 2;4 v R = 5.
Khong cch t I n () l: d I ,( ) 3 R () v mt cu (S) ct nhau.

x 1 2t
Gi J l im i xng ca I qua (). Phng trnh ng thng IJ : y 2 t

z 4 2t
x 1 2t
y 2 t
To giao im H ca IJ v () tho
z 4 2t
2x y 2z 3 0
t 1
x 1
H 1; 1;2
y 1
z 2
V H l trung im ca IJ nn J 3;0;0 . Mt cu (S) c tm J bn knh R = R = 5 nn c

phng trnh: (S ) : x 3 2 y2 z2 25 .
Cu 116. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, lp phng trnh mt cu (S) bit rng mt phng
Oxy v mt phng (P): z 2 ln lt ct (S) theo hai ng trn c bn knh bng 2 v 8.

T gi thit ta c v s mt cu (S) tho YCBT. Gi (S 0) l mt cu c tm I 0(0;0; m)
thuc trc Oz. Khi mp(Oxy) v mp(P) ct (S 0) theo 2 ng trn tm O1 O(0;0;0) , bn

knh R1 2 v tm O2(0;0;2) , bn knh R2 8.
R2 22 m2
Gi R l bn knh mt cu th
R 8 m 2
4 m2 64 (m 2)2 m 16
R 2 65 v I 0(0;0;16) . Suy ra mt cu (S) c tm I (a; b;16) (a, b R), bn knh

R 2 65 .
Vy phng trnh mt cu (S): (x a)2 (y b)2 (z 16)2 260 (a, b R).
Cu 117. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 2 0 v ng
x y 1 z 2
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d, I cch (P) mt

1
2
1
khong bng 2 v (P) ct (S) theo mt ng trn (C) c bn knh bng 3.
Gi s I (t;2t 1; t 2) d , R l bn knh ca (S), r l bn knh ca (C).
1
t 6
2
Ta c: d(I ,(P )) 2 6t 5 6
. R2 d(I ,(P ) r 2 13
t 11
6
thng d:
1 2 13
1
+ Vi t I ; ; (S):
6
6 3 6
+ Vi t
2
13
1
x y z
6
3
6
13
2
2
11 14 1
11

1
; ; (S): x 11 y 14
I
z
6
3 6
6
6
3
6
13
Cu 118. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 im A(0; 0; 4), B(2; 0; 0) v mt phng
(P): 2x y z 5 0. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) i qua O, A, B v c khong cch t

5
tm I ca mt cu n mt phng (P) bng
.
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Gi s (S): x2 y2 z2 2ax 2by 2cz d 0 .

a1
+ T O, A, B (S) suy ra: c 2 I (1; b;2) .

d 0
5
b 5
b 0
b 10
6
6
6
Vy (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 4z 0 hoc (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 20y 4z 0
+ d(I ,(P ))
Cu 119. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1;3;4), B(1;2; 3),C(6; 1;1) v
mt phng ( ) : x 2y 2z 1 0. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn mt

phng ( ) v i qua ba im A, B,C . Tnh din tch hnh chiu ca tam gic ABC trn mt
phng ( ) .
Goi I (a; b;c) l tm mt cu ta c :
(1 a)2 (3 b)2 (4 c)2 (1 a)2 (2 b)2 (3 c)2
IA IB
2
2
2
2
2
2
IA IC (1 a) (3 b) (4 c) (6 a) (1 b) (1 c)
a 2b 2c 1 0
I (a)
b 7c 6
a1
5a 4b 3c 6 b 1 I (1; 1;1) R2 IA2 25

a 2b 2c 1 0 c 1
Phng trnh (S) :(x 1)2 (y 1)2 (z 1)2 25
25 3
Tam gic ABC u cnh bng 5 2 nn SABC
2
uuu
r
uuur
r uuur
r uuu
AB (0; 1; 7), AC (5; 4; 3) p AB, AC (25; 35;5)
17
r r
cos(( ),( ABC )) cos na , p
15 3
Gi S' l din tch hnh chiu ca tam gic ABC ln mt phng ( )
Ta c S' SABC .cos(( ),( ABC ))
50 3 17
85
(vdt)
4 15 3 6
Cu 120. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x 1 y 1 z
v mt
3
1
1
phng (P): 2x y 2z 2 0. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn ng thng

d c bn knh nh nht tip xc vi (P) v i qua im A(1; 1; 1).
Gi I l tm ca (S). I d I (1 3t; 1 t;t) . Bn knh R = IA = 11t2 2t 1 .

5t 3
Mt phng (P) tip xc vi (S) nn: d(I ,(P ))
R
3
t 0 R1
2
24
77 .
37t 24t 0
R
t
37
37
V (S) c bn knh nh nht nn chn t = 0, R = 1. Suy ra I(1; 1; 0).

Vy phng trnh mt cu (S): (x 1)2 (y 1)2 z2 1.
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x 1 y 2 z
v mt phng (P):
1
1
1
2x y 2z 2 0 . Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn d, tip xc vi mt phng
(P) v i qua im A(2; 1; 0).
7
Gi I l tm ca (S) I 1 t;t 2;t . Ta c d(I, (P)) = AI t 1; t .
13
Vy: (S) : (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 1)2 1
Cu 121. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho ng thng d:

7
20
19
hoc (S) : x y z
13
13

13
121
.
169
vi h to Oxyz, cho im I (1;2; 2) , ng thng :

2x 2 y 3 z v mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 5 0 . Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c
tm I sao cho mt phng (P) ct khi cu theo thit din l hnh trn c chu vi bng 8 . T
lp phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha v tip xc vi (S).
Ta c: d d(I ,(P )) 3. Gi r l bn knh hnh trn thit din. Ta c: 2 r 8 r 4
Cu 122. Trong khng gian
Suy ra bn knh mt cu: R2 r 2 d2 25 (S) :(x 1)2 (y 2)2 (z 2)2 25

5 5 4
Nhn thy mt cu (S) tip xc vi () ti im M ; ; .
3 3 3
uuu
r 2 11 10
5 5 4
(
)
M
;
;
MI
Do : (Q) cha
v tip xc vi (S) i qua
v c VTPT
; ;
3 3 3
3 3 3
PT mt phng (Q): 6x 33y 30z 105 0.
Cu 123. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d : x t; y 1; z t v 2
mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 3 0 v (Q): x 2y 2z 7 0. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S)

c tm I thuc ng thng (d) v tip xc vi hai mt phng (P) v (Q).
Gi s: I (t; 1; t) d . V (S) tip xc vi (P) v (Q) nn d(I ,(P )) d(I ,(Q)) R
2
1 t 5 t
t 3. Suy ra: R , I (3; 1; 3) .
3
3
3
Vy phng trnh mt cu (S): x 3 y 1 z 3

2
4
.
9
Cu hi tng t:
a) d : x 2 t; y 1 2t; z 1 t , (P ) : x 2y 2z 5 0 , (Q) : x 2y 2z 13 0.
2
5
S: (S) : x 16 y 11
z
Cu 124. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 10 0 , hai
x 2 y z 1
x 2 y z 3

, (2):
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S)
1
1 1
1
1
4
c tm thuc (1), tip xc vi (2) v mt phng (P).
ng thng (1):
x 2 t
r
1 : y t
; 2 i qua im A(2;0; 3) v c VTCP u2 (1;1;4) .
z 1 t
Gi s I (2 t;t;1 t) 1 l tm v R l bn knh ca mt cu (S).
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uur r
uur r
AI ,u
uur
5t 4
Ta c: AI (t; t;4 t) AI ,u2 (5t 4;4 5t;0) d(I , 2) r 2
3
u2
d(I ,(P ))
2 t 2t 2(1 t) 10
1 4 4
t 10
3
7
t
(S) tip xc vi 2 v (P) d(I , 2) d(I ,(P )) 5t 4 t 10

.
t 21
11 7 5
7
9
; ; , R
Vi t I
2
2 2 2
2
2
5
81 .
PT mt cu (S): x 11 y 7
z
2
2
2
4
Vi t 1 I (1; 1;2), R 3 PT mt cu (S): (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 9 .
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh mt cu bng cch xc nh cc h s ca phng trnh

Cu 125. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho 3 im A(3;1;1), B(0;1;4), C(1;3;1). Lp
phng trnh ca mt cu (S) i qua A, B, C v c tm nm trn mt phng (P): x + y 2z +

4 = 0.
PT mt cu (S) c dng: x2 + y2 + z2 2ax 2by 2cz + d = 0
(S) qua A: 6a + 2b + 2c d 11 = 0
(S) qua B:
2b + 8c d 17 = 0
(S) qua C: 2a + 6b 2c + d + 11 = 0
Tm I (P): a + b 2c + 4 = 0
Gii ra ta c: a = 1, b = 1, c = 2, d = 3. Vy (S): x2 + y2 + z2 2x + 2y 4z 3 = 0
Cu 126. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c tam gic
ABC vung ti A, nh A trung vi gc ta O, B(1; 2; 0) v tam gic ABC c din tch

bng 5. Gi M l trung im ca CC. Bit rng im A(0; 0; 2) v im C c tung
dng. Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCM.
Ta c: AB 5 v S ABC 5 nn AC 2 5 .
V AA (ABC) v A, B (Oxy) nn C (Oxy).
uuu
r
uuur
Gi C(x; y;0) . AB (1;2;0), AC (x; y;0) .
x 2y 0
AB AC
x 4 x 4
Ta c:
. V yC 0 nn C(4; 2; 0) .

2
2
AC 2 5 x y 20 y 2 y 2
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
Do CC ' AA' C(4; 2; 2), BB ' AA' B(1; 2; 2) v M l trung im CC
nn M(4; 2; 1).
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PT mt cu (S) i qua A, B, C v M c dng: (S) : x2 y2 z2 2x 2by 2cz d 0

A(0;0;0) (S)
B '(1;2;2) (S)
3
3
3
C '(4;2;2) (S) a ; b ;c ; d 0 (tho a2 b2 c2 d 0 )
2
2
2
M
(
4;2;1
)
(
S
)
Vy phng trnh mt cu (S) l: (S) : x2 y2 z2 3x 3y 3z 0.

Cu 127. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho t din ABCD vi A(2; 1; 0), B(1; 1; 3),
C(2;1; 3), D(1;1; 0). Tm ta tm v bn knh ca mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Ta tnh c AB CD 10, AC BD 13, AD BC 5 . Vy t din ABCD c cc

cp cnh i i mt bng nhau. T ABCD l mt t din gn u. Do tm ca mt
cu ngoi tip ca t din l trng tm G ca t din ny.
3 3
14
Vy mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD c tm l G ;0; , bn knh l R GA
.
2
2 2
Cch khc: Ta c th xc nh to tm I ca mt cu tho iu kin: IA = IB =
IC = ID
.
Cu 128. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 6 0 , gi A,
B, C ln lt l giao im ca (P) vi cc trc ta Ox, Oy, Oz. Vit phng trnh mt cu

(S) ngoi tip t din OABC, tm ta tm v bn knh ca ng trn (C) l giao tuyn
ca (P) v (S).
Ta c: A(6;0;0), B(0;3;0), C(0;0;3).
PT mt cu (S) c dng: x2 y2 z2 2Ax 2By 2Cz D 0 ( A2 B2 C 2 D 0) .
D0
36 12A 0
3
3
A 3; B ; C ; D 0 .
A, B, C, O (S)
2
2
9 6B 0
9 6C 0
3 3
3 6
Vy (S): x2 y2 z2 6x 3y 3z 0 c tm I 3; ; , bn knh R
.
2 2
2
8 5 5
; ; .
3 6 6
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn (P) H l tm ca (C). Tm c H
Bn knh ca (C): r R2 IH 2
27
5 2
.
1
2
2
Cu 129. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng 2. Gi M l trung im ca on
AD, N l tm hnh vung CCDD. Tnh bn knh mt cu i qua cc im B, C, M, N.

Chn h trc to Oxyz sao cho: D O(0; 0; 0), A(2; 0; 0), D(0; 2; 0), C(0; 0; 2).
Suy ra: M(1; 0; 0), N(0; 1; 1), B(2; 0; 2), C(0; 2; 2).
PT mt cu (S) i qua 4 im M, N, B, C c dng: x2 y2 z2 2Ax 2By 2Cz D 0 .
1 2A D 0
2 2B 2C D 0
5
5
1
A ; B ;C ; D 4
M, N, B, C (S)
8
4
A
4
C
0
2
2
2
8 4B 4C D 0
Vy bn knh R =
A2 B2 C 2 D 15 .
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Dng 3: Cc bi ton lin quan n mt cu

Cu 130. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 4 = 0 v mt cu
(S): x2 + y2 + z2 2x 4y 6z 11 = 0. Chng minh rng mt phng (P) ct mt cu (S)

theo mt ng trn. Xc nh ta tm v tnh bn knh ca ng trn .
I (1; 2; 3); R = 1 4 9 11 5; d (I; (P)) =
2(1) 2(2) 3 4
4 4 1
3 < R = 5.
Vy (P) ct (S) theo ng trn (C)

x 1 2t
Phng trnh d qua I, vung gc vi (P) : y 2 2t

z 3 t
Gi J l tm, r l bn knh ng trn (C). J d J (1 + 2t; 2 2t; 3 t)

J (P) 2(1 + 2t) 2(2 2t) 3 + t 4 = 0 t = 1
R2 IJ 2 4
Vy tm ng trn l J (3; 0; 2) , bn knh r =
Cu 131. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho A(2; 0; 0), B(0; 2; 0), C(0; 0; 2). Tnh bn
knh mt cu ni tip t din OABC.

Gi I , r l tm v bn knh ca mt cu ni tip t din OABC.
1
1
1
1
1
VOABC VIOAB+VIOBC +VOCA+VABC = .r.SOAB .r.SOBC .r.SOCA .r.SABC = .r.STP
3
3
3
3
3
1
8 4
1
. .
(vtt); SOAB SOBC SOCA .OAOB
. 2
Mt khc: VOABC .OAOBOC
6
6 3
2
3 2
3
AB
.8 2 3 (vdt) STP 6 2 3
4
4
3V
4
r OABC
Do :
(v di)
STP
6 2 3
SABC
(vdt)
Cu 132. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im S(0;0;1), A(1;1;0). Hai im M(m;
0; 0), N(0; n; 0) thay i sao cho m n 1v m > 0, n > 0. Tnh khong cch t A n mt
phng (SMN). T suy ra mt phng (SMN) tip xc vi mt mt cu c nh.
uuur
uuu
r
r
Ta c: SM (m;0; 1), SN (0; n; 1) VTPT ca (SMN) l n (n; m; mn)
nx my mnz mn 0
Phng trnh mt phng (SMN):
Ta c: d(A,(SMN))
n m mn
1 mn
.
n2 m2 m2n2
1 2mn m2n2
Suy ra (SMN) tip xc mt cu tm A bn knh R=1 c nh.
1 mn
1
1 mn
Cu 133. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh
x t
x 0
d1 : y 0 , d2 : y t . Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) bn knh R 6 , c tm nm

z 2 t
z 2 t
trn ng phn gic ca gc nh to bi d1, d2 v tip xc vi d1, d2 .
Phng trnh mp(P) cha d1, d2 l (P ) : x y z 2 0

Phng trnh mp(Q) cha d1 v vung gc vi (P l (Q) : x 2y z 2 0
Phng trnh mp(R) cha d2 v vung gc vi (P) l (R) : 2x y z 2 0
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Phng trnh hai mt phn gic ca hai mt (Q) v (R):

PG1 : x y 0, PG2 : x y 2z 4 0
x t
Phng trnh hai ng phn gic ca d1, d2: a : y t

z 2 2t
x t
b : y t
z 2
V cos(a, d1) cos(b, d1) nn ng thng a l phn gic ca d1, d2 tha mn iu kin.
Do c hai tm mt cu tha mn I 1(2;2; 2), I 2(2; 2;6)
Suy ra (S1) :(x 2)2 (y 2)2 (z 2)2 6 hoc (S2) :(x 2)2 (y 2)2 (z 6)2 6
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Trn S Tng
TKG 04: TM IM THO IU KIN CHO TRC

Dng 1: Xc nh im thuc mt phng
Cu 134. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;2;3) v B(3;4;1). Tm to
im M thuc mt phng (P): x y z 1 0 MAB l tam gic u.

Gi (Q) l mt phng trung trc ca on AB (Q): x y z 3 0
d l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q) d: x 2; y t 1; z t
M d M (2;t 1;t) AM 2t2 8t 11.
V AB = 12 nn MAB u khi MA = MB = AB
2t2 8t 1 0 t
4 18
2
6 18 4 18
M 2;
;
.
2
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(4;0;0) , B(0;0; 4) , (P): 2 x y 2 z 4 0 .
S:
Cu 135. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 0;3) v B(2; 0;1). Tm to
im M thuc mt phng (P): 3x y z 1 0 MAB l tam gic u.

Gi s M (x; y; z) (P ) 3x y z 1 0 (1).
2
x
3
MA2 MB2
4x 8z 4
2 10 1
10
MAB u MA2 AB2 6z 1
y
M ; ;
3 3 6
3
3x y z 1
M (P )
1
z
6
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1;1; 3), B(3;1; 1),(P ) :3x 8y 7z 4 0 .
2 6
6
2 6
2 6
6
2 6
S: C 2
;1
; 2
;1
; 2
hoc C 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
b) Vi A(1;2;3), B(1;4;2),(P ) : x y z 1 0 .
1 3 5 11 3 5 3
1 3 5 11 3 5 3
S: C
;
; hoc C
;
;
4
4
2
4
4
2
Cu 136. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai im A(3;5;4) , B(3;1;4) . Tm ta
im C thuc mt phng (P ) : x y z 1 0 sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti C v c din tch

bng 2 17 .
Gi s: C(x; y; x y 1) (P ) . AB 4.
AC BC (x 3)2 (y 5)2 (x y 5)2 (x 3)2 (y 1)2 (x y 5)2 y 3
Gi I l trung im AB I (3;3;4) .
SIAB 2 17 CI .AB 4 17 CI 17
+ Vi x 4 C(4;3;0)
x 4
x 7
(3 x)2 (8 x)2 17
+ x 7 C(7;3;3) .
Cu 137. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(0; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1), C(2; 0; 1).
Vit phng trnh mt phng (ABC) v tm im M thuc mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 3 0

sao cho MA = MB = MC .
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uuu
r
uuur
r uuur
r uuu
Ta c AB (2; 3; 1), AC (2; 1; 1) n
AB, AC (2;4; 8) l 1 VTPT ca (ABC)
Suy ra phng trnh (ABC): x 2y 4z 6 0. Gi s M(x; y; z).
x 2
MA MB MC
y 3 M(2;3; 7)
Ta c:
M (P )
z 7
Cu 138. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 2;1), B(2;0;3) v mt phng
( P ) : 2 x y z 4 0 . Tm im M thuc (P) sao cho MA =MB v ( ABM ) ( P) .

v
r
1 uuu
Gi (Q) l mt phng trung trc ca AB nQ AB (1;1;1) l mt VTPT ca (Q).
2
I (1; 1;2) l trung im ca AB Phng trnh (Q) : x y z 2 0
r
r r
Gi (R) l mt phng qua A, B v vung gc vi (P). nR nP ; nQ (0;3; 3) l VTPT ca
(R) Phng trnh ca (R) : y z 3 0
2x y z 4 0
2 1 17
To ca M l nghm cu h: x y z 2 0 M ; ;
3 6 6
y z 3 0
Cu 139. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(2;0;0), C(0;4;0), S(0; 0; 4).Tm
ta im B trong mp(Oxy) sao cho t gic OABC l hnh ch nht. Vit phng trnh
mt cu i qua bn im O, B, C, S.
OABC l hnh ch nht B(2; 4; 0) Ta trung im H ca OB l H(1; 2; 0), H
chnh l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic vung OCB.
+ ng thng vung gc vi mp(OCB) ti H ct mt phng trung trc ca on OS (mp
c phng trnh z = 2 ) ti I I l tm mt cu i qua 4 im O, B, C, S.
+ Tm I(1; 2; 2) v R = OI = 1 22 22 3 (S): (x 1)2 (y 2)2 (z 2)2 9
Cu 140. Trong khng gian Oxyz cho hai im A(1;3;2), B(3;7;18) v mt phng (P):
2x y z 1 0 . Tm ta im M (P) sao cho MA + MB nh nht.
A, B nm cng pha i vi (P). Gi A l im i xng vi A qua (P) A'(3;1;0)

M (P) c MA + MB nh nht th M l giao im ca (P) vi AB M(2;2; 3) .
Cu hi tng t:
2 1
a) Vi A(0; 1;2), B(1;1;3) , (P ) (Oxy) .
S: M ; ;0
5 5
A(1
;0;0)
B(1
;2;0)
(
P
)
:
x
0
b) Vi
,
,
S:
13
4
;1; .
c) Vi A(1;2; 1), B(3;1; 2),(P ) : x y 2z 0.
S: M
5
5
Cu 141. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;5;0), B(3;3;6) v ng thng
c phng trnh tham s x 1 2t; y 1 t; z 2t . Mt im M thay i trn ng

thng , xc nh v tr ca im M chu vi tam gic MAB t gi tr nh nht.
Gi P l chu vi ca tam gic MAB th P = AB + AM + BM.
V AB khng i nn P nh nht khi v ch khi AM + BM nh nht.
im M nn M 1 2t;1 t;2t . AM BM (3t)2 (2 5)2 (3t 6)2 (2 5)2
r
r
u
3
t
;2
5
v
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, ta xt hai vect
v 3t 6;2 5 .
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r
r
Ta c u
(3t)2 (2 5)2; v (3t 6)2 (2 5)2
r r
r r
r
r
AM BM | u | | v | v u v (6;4 5) | u v | 2 29
r
r r r
Mt khc, ta lun c | u | | v || u v | Nh vy AM BM 2 29
r r
3t
2 5
t1
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi u, v cng hng
3t 6 2 5
M(1;0;2) v min(AM BM ) 2 29 . Vy khi M(1;0;2) th minP = 2( 11 29)
Cu 142. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x 3y 3z 11 0 v
hai im A(3; 4;5) , B(3;3; 3) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA MB ln nht.

Xt tng t nh cu 6).
+ Nu A, B cng pha so vi (P) th MA MB AB
+ Nu A, B khc pha so vi (P), ta ly im A i xng vi A qua (P).
Khi MA MA MA MB MA MB AB
31 5 31
S: M ; ; .
7 7 7
Cu hi tng t:
a) (P ) : x y z 4 0, A(1;2;1) , B(0;1;2) .
S:
7 11
b) (P ) : x y 2z 0, A(1;2; 1),C(1; 2;1) .
S: M ; ;1
2 2
Cu 143. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2 y 2 z 8 0 v cc
im A(1;2;3), B(3;0;1) . Tm im M (P) sao cho MA 2 MB 2 nh nht.
Gi I l trung im ca AB I (1; 1; 1) . Ta c: MA2 MB2 2MI 2
AB2
.
2
Do : MA2 MB2 nh nht IM 2 nh nht M l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn (P)

x 1 t
uuu
r r
y 1 2t
IM , n
cu
n
g
phng
P

M (P )
z 1 2t
x 2y 2z 8 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P): x y z 0 , A(3; 5;5); B(5;3; 7).
b) Vi (P): x 5y 7z 5 0 , A(4;9; 9), B(10;13;1) .
t 1
x 0
. Vy M(0; 3; 1).
y 3
z 1
S: M O(0; 0; 0).
50 192 75
; .
S: M ;
17 17 17
Cu 144. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x y z 4 0 v cc
im A(1;2;1) , B(0;1;2) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 2MB2 nh nht.

uu
r
uur r
uu
r
uur
1 4 5
Gi s I l im tho mn: IA 2IB 0 IA 2IB I ; ;
3 3 3
Ta c: MA2 2MB2 3MI 2 IA2 2IB2 . Do I c nh nn IA2, IB2 khng i.
Vy MA2 2MB2 nh nht MI 2 nh nht MI nh nht M l hnh chiu ca I
5 14 17
trn (P) M ; ; .
9 9 9
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Cu 145. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2; 5), B(1; 4; 3),
C(5; 2; 1) v mt phng (P): x y z 3 0 . Gi M l mt im thay i trn mt phng

(P). Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc F MA2 MB2 MC 2 . Khi tm to ca M.
7 8
56 32 104 64
; ;3 ; GA2 GB2 GC 2
9 9
9
3
3 3
uuuu
r uuu
r 2 uuuu
r uuu
r 2 uuuu
r uuur 2
Ta c F MA2 MB2 MC 2 MG GA MG GB MG GC
uuuu
r uuu
r uuu
r uuuu
r
3MG2 GA2 GB2 GC 2 2MG(GA GB GC ) 3MG2 GA2 GB2 GC 2
F nh nht MG2 nh nht M l hnh chiu ca G ln (P)
7 8
3 3
3 3
19
MG d(G,(P ))
1 1 1
3 3
Gi G l trng tm ca ABC G
19
64 553
Vy F nh nht bng 3.
khi M l hnh chiu ca G ln (P).

3
9
3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a) A(1; 3; 5), B(1; 4; 3), C(4; 2; 1), (P): x y z 3 0 .
11 2 4
; ;
S: min F 65 , M
3 3 3
22 61 17
; ;
b) A(1; 1; 0), B(0; 1; 1) v C(2; 2; 1), (P): x 3y z 2 0.
S: M
3
3 3
x
2
y
2
z
0
c) A(1; 2; 3), B(3; 0; 1), C(1; 4; 7), (P):
.
S: M (0; 4; 1) .
Cu 146. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im A(1;0;1) , B(2; 1;0) ,
C(2;4;2) v mt phng (P): x y 2z 2 0 . Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho biu

thc T MA2 MB2 MC 2 t gi tr nh nht.
Gi s M (x; y; z) (P ) x y 2z 2 0 (x 1) (y 1) 2(z 1) 6 0
(1)
Ta c: T 3(x2 y2 z2 2x 2y 2z) 31 3 (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (z 1)2 22 (2)
T (1), p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho cc b s: (1;1;2) v (x 1; y 1; z 1) , ta c:
2
(6)2 1(x 1) 1(y 1) 2(z 1) (1 1 4) (x 1)2 (y 1)2 (z 1)2

62
T 3. 22 40 . Du "=" xy ra
6
x 1 y 1 z 1 x 0
1
1
2 y 0 M(0;0; 1) .
z 1
x y 2z 2 0
im A(1;2;1) , B(0;1;2) , C(0;0;3) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 3MB2 2MC 2 nh

nht.
Gii tng t nh Cu 10.
im A(1;2; 1) , B(1;0; 1) , C(2;1; 2) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 MB2 MC 2

nh nht.
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2 1 2
; ; .
3 3 3
Gii tng t nh Cu 10.
S: M
Cu 149. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x y 2z 0 v cc
im A(1;2; 1) , B(3;1; 2) , C(1; 2;1) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 MB2 MC 2

nh nht.
Gii tng t nh Cu 10.
S: M 2; 2; 2 .
Cu 150. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 3 im A(3; 1; 1), B(7; 3; 9), C(2; 2; 2) v
mt phng (P) c phng trnh: x y z 3 0 . Tm trn (P) im M sao cho

uuur
uuur uuur
MA 2MB 3MC nh nht.
uu
r
uur uur r
23 13 25
; ;
Gi I l im tho: IA 2IB 3IC 0 I
6 6 6
uuur
uuur uuur
uuu
r uu
r
uuu
r uur
uuu
r uur
uuu
r
uuu
r
Ta c: T = MA 2MB 3MC MI IA 2 MI IB 3 MI IC 6MI 6 MI
uuu
r
Do : T nh nht MI nh nht M l hnh chiu ca I trn (P). Ta tm c:
13 2 16
; ; . Khi minT 43 3 .
9 9 9
3
Cch 2: Gi s M (x; y; z) (P ) x y z 3 0
M

25
Khi : MI 2 x 23 y 13
z
6
6
6
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho (1), ta c:
2
43

6
13
23
25
1. x 1. y 1.
z
6
6
6
MI 3 43
18
2
MI
(1)
2
2
23 2
13
25
3
x y z
6
6
6
43 3
.
18
13
x
23
13
25
9
x 6 y 6 z 6
13 2 16
2
; ;
Du "=" xy ra
y M
1
1
1
9 9 9
9
x y z 3 0
z 16
9
13 2 16
43 3
; ; .
Vy minT
khi M
9 9 9
3
uuur uuur
uuur
im A(1;2;1) , B(0;1;2) , C(0;0;3) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA 3MB 4MC nh
nht.
Gii tng t nh Cu 16.
Cu 152. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x y z 1 0 v ba
im A(2;1;3), B(0; 6;2),C(1; 1;4) . Tm ta im M trn mt phng (P ) sao cho

uuur uuur uuur
MA MB MC t gi tr b nht.
D thy A, B,C khng thng hng. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC , th G(1; 2;3) .
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uuur uuur uuur
uuuu
r
uuur uuur uuur
Khi vi mi M (P ) ta c MA MB MC 3MG , do MA MB MC t gi tr
uuuu
r
b nht MG t gi tr b nht M l hnh chiu vung gc ca G trn (P ) .
r
(P) c VTPT n (1;1;1) . Gi s M (x0; y0; z0) (P ) x0 y0 z0 1 0
(1).
uuur
r
M l hnh chiu ca G trn (P ) GM x0 1; y0 2; z0 3 cng phng vi n
x0 1 y0 2 z0 3 (x0 1) (y0 2) (z0 3) (x0 y0 z0 1) 1 1
1
1
1
1 1 1
3
3
2 7 8
2
7
8
x0 , y0 , z0 . Vy M ; ; .
3
3
3
3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
5 1 2
a) (P ) : x y 2z 0, A(1;2; 1), B(3;1; 2),C(1; 2;1) .
S: M ; ; .
2 3 3
Cu 153. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 3x 3y 2z 37 0 v
cc im A(4;1;5), B(3;0;1),C(1;2;0) . Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho biu thc sau

uuur uuur uuur uuur uuuuruuur
t gi tr nh nht: S = MA.MB MB.MC MC.MA
Gi s M (x; y; z) (P ) 3x 3y 2z 37 0 (1)
Khi S 3 (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 5 .
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho (1) ta c:
2
(44)2 3(x 2) 3(y 1) 2(z 2) (9 9 4) (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2
(x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2
442
88 .
22
x 4
x 2 y 1 z 2
y 7 M(4;7; 2) .
3
3
2
z 2
Vy minS 3.88 5 259 khi M(4;7; 2) .
Du "=" xy ra
Cu 154. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im A(0;1;2), B(1;1;0) v mt
phng (P): x y z 0 . Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho MAB vung cn ti B.

uur
uuur
Gi s M (x; y; z) (P ) . BA (1;0;2), MB (x 1; y 1; z) .
u
M (P )
ur uuur
Ta c: BA.BM 0
BA BM
1 10
4 10
y
2 10
z
x 1 2z 0
x y z 0
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 z2 5
4 10
3
2 10
y
6
2 10
z
6
x
Cu 155. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho cc im B(1; 3; 0) , C(1; 3; 0) ,
M (0; 0; a) vi a > 0. Trn trc Oz ly im N sao cho mt phng (NBC) vung gc vi mt

phng (MBC). Tm a th tch ca khi chp BCMN nh nht
VBCMN VMOBC VNOBC
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3
3
3
a t nh nht a a 3 .
a
3
a
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Trn S Tng
Dng 2: Xc nh im thuc ng thng

x 2t
Cu 156. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d : y t

v mt phng
z 1 2t
(P): x y z 1 0 . Gi d l hnh chiu ca d trn mt phng (P). Tm to im H
thuc d sao cho H cch im K(1;1;4) mt khong bng 5.
x 4 7t
Gi A = d (P) A(4; 2;3) . PT hnh chiu d ca d trn (P): y 2 2t .

z 3 5t
11 238
Gi s H (4 7t; 2 2t;3 5t) d . KH 2 25 t
H.
39
Cu 157. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 4; 2),B(1; 2; 4) v ng
x 1 y 2 z
. Tm to im M trn sao cho: MA2 MB2 28.

1
1
2
x 1 t
PTTS ca : y 2 t . M M (1 t; 2 t;2t)
z 2t
Ta c: MA2 MB2 28 12t2 48t 48 0 t 2 M(1;0;4)
thng :
Cu 158. Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho cc im A(0;1;0), B(2;2;2),C(2;3;1) v ng
x 1 y 2 z 3
. Tm im M trn d th tch t din MABC bng 3.

2
1
2
x 1 2t
r uuur
1 uuu
r
y 2 t . Gi s M (1 2t; 2 t; 3 2t) d . n AB; AC (1; 2; 2)
3
z 3 2t
thng d :
d:
9
4t 11
. PT mt phng (ABC): x 2y 2z 2 0 . h d(M ,( ABC )
2
3
17
1 9 4t 11
5
VMABC . .
3 t hoc t
4
32
3
4
3 3 1
15 9 11
M ; ; hoc M ; ; .
2
2 4 2
2 4
SABC
Cu 159. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 2) v ng thng d:
x 1 y z 3

. Tm trn d hai im A, B sao cho tam gic ABM u.
1
1
1
Gi H l hnh chiu ca M trn d. Ta c: MH = d(M , d) 2 .

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Tam gic ABM u, nhn MH lm ng cao nn: MA = MB = AB =
2MH
3
2 6
3
x 2 y z 3
1 1 1
Do , to ca A, B l nghim ca h:
.
(x 2)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 8
3
2
2 2
2
2
2
Gii h ny ta tm c: A 2
;
;3 , B 2
;
;3 .
3 3
3
3
3
3
Cu hi tng t:
x t
5 76 10 2 76 1 76 2 2 76
M(1
;0;
1
)
d
:
a) Vi
,
y 2t . S: A
;
;1 , B
;
;1
15
15
15
15

z 1
5 76 10 2 76 1 76 2 2 76
hoc A
;
;1 , B
;
;1
15
15
15
15

x 1 t
Cu 160. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(0; 1; 3) v ng thng d: y 2 2t

z 3
. Tm trn d hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC u.
r
d c VTCP ud (1;2;0) . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn d.
uuuu
r
Gi s H 1 t; 2 2t;3 AH 1 t;1 2t;0
uuur r
6 8
1
M AH d nn AH ud 1 1 t 2 1 2t 0 t H ; ;3
5
5 5
2AH 2 15
3 5
15
AH =
. M ABC u nn BC =
hay BH =
.
5
5
5
3
2
Gi s B(1 s;2 2s;3) th 1 s 2 2s 15
25
1 3
5
6 3 8 2 3
v C
;
;3
5
5
6 3 8 2 3
v C
;
;3
5
5
25s2 10s 2 0 s
6 3 8 2 3
;
;3
5
5
6 3 8 2 3
hoc B
;
;3
5
5
Vy: B
Cu 161. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, tm trn Ox im A cch u ng thng (d) :

x 1 y z 2

v mt phng (P) : 2x y 2z 0 .
1
2
2
Gi A(a; 0; 0) Ox d(A; (P ))
2a
22 12 22
2a
2
; d(A; d) 8a 24a 36
3
3
8a2 24a 36
4a2 24a 36 0
3
3
4(a 3)2 0 a 3. Vy c mt im A(3; 0; 0).
d(A; (P)) = d(A; d)
2a
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Cu 162. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 1 0 v hai
x 1 y z 9
x 1 y 3 z 1

; 2 :
. Xc nh ta im M
1
1
6
2
1
2
thuc ng thng 1 sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng 2 v khong cch t M
n mt phng (P) bng nhau.
r
M (1 + t; t; 9 + 6t) 1;
2 qua A (1; 3; 1) c vct ch phng a = (2; 1; 2)
uuur r
uuur
AM = (t 2; t 3; 6t 8) AM; a = (14 8t; 14t 20; 4 t)
ng thng 1 :
261t2 792t 612 11t 20
Ta c : d (M, 2) = d (M, (P))
35t2 88t + 53 = 0 t = 1 hay t =
53
. Vy M (0; 1; 3) hay M
35
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P): 2x y 2z 1 0 , 1 :
18 53 3
; ; .
35 35 35
x 3 y 5 z
x 1 2 y z 3
, 2 :
1
1
1
4
1
1
S: M(2;4;1) , M(1;1;4)
Cu 163. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng 1 :
x 1 y z 2
v
2
1
1
x 1 y 1 z 3
. ng vung gc chung ca 1 v 2 ct 1 ti A, ct 2 ti B.
1
7
1
Tnh din tch OAB.
r
r
1 c VTCP u1 (2; 1;1) , 2 c VTCP u2 (1;7; 1)
2 :
Gi s A(1 2t1; t1; 2 t1) 1 , B(1 t2;1 7t2;3 t2) 2 .

uuu
rr
r uuu
r
AB.u
t 0 A(1;0; 2)
0
1 uuu
6
r r1
1
Ta c: uuu
SOAB OA,OB =
.
t
B
(
1
;1
;3)
2
2
AB.u2 0 2
Cu 164. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 1 0 v cc
ng thng d1 :
x1
2
y 3
3
z
2
d2 :
x 5
6
y
4
z 5
5
. Tm cc im M d1, N d2 sao
cho MN // (P) v cch (P) mt khong bng 2.

x 1 2t
PTTS ca d1 l: y 3 3t . M d1 nn ta ca M 1 2t;3 3t;2t .

z 2t
1 2t 2(3 3t) 4t 1
12t 6
t1
2
2
Theo : d(M;(P ))
3
t 0
12 (2)2 22
+ Vi t = 1 ta c M1 3;0;2 ;
+ Vi t = 0 ta c M2 1;3;0
ng vi M1, im N1 d2 cn tm phi l giao ca d2 vi mp qua M1 v // (P), gi mp ny

(1) .
l (Q1). PT (Q1) l: (x 3) 2y 2(z 2) 0 x 2y 2z 7 0
x 5 6t
PTTS ca d2 l: y 4t
(2)
z 5 5t
Thay (2) vo (1), ta c: t = 1. im N1 cn tm l N1(1;4;0).
ng vi M2, tng t tm c N2(5;0;5).
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Cu 165. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 1 0 v cc

x1 y 3 z
x 5 y z 5

ng thng d1 :
, d2 :
. Tm cc im A d1, B d2 sao
2
1
2
3
4
2
cho AB // (P) v AB cch (P) mt khong bng 1.

Gi s: A(2t1 1,t1 3, 2t1) d1 , B(3t2 5,4t2,2t2 5) d2
uuu
r
AB (3t2 2t1 4,4t2 t1 3,2t2 2t1 5)
uuu
rr
AB.nP 0 2(3t2 2t1 4) 4t2 t1 3 2(2t2 2t1 5) 0 6t2 t1 1 0
AB P (P ) d( AB,(P )) d(A,(P ))
Vi t1 5 t2
Vi t1 1 t2
4t1 2 t1 3 4t1 1
3
t1 2
3
t1 5
t1 1
8 11
2
A(9; 2;10), B 7; ;
3
3 3
4 17
1
A(3;4; 2), B 4; ;
3
3 3
Cu 166. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(1; 5; 4), B(0; 1; 1), C(1; 2; 1). Tm
ta im D thuc ng thng AB sao cho di on thng CD nh nht.

x 1 t
uuu
r
Ta c AB (1; 4; 3) . Phng trnh ng thng AB: y 5 4t .

z 4 3t
uuur
Gi D(1 a;5 4a;4 3a) AB DC (a;4a 3;3a 3) .
uuu
r uuur
di on CD ngn nht D l hnh chiu vung gc ca C trn cnh AB AB DC
5 46 41
21
; ; .
a 16a 12 9a 9 0 a
. Vy: D
26
26 26 26
Cu 167. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1 :
x 1 y z 1

v
2 1
1
x y z
. Tm cc im M thuc d1, N thuc d2 sao cho ng thng MN song song
1 1 2
vi mt phng (P): x y z 2012 0 v di on MN bng 2 .
uuuu
rr
MN P (P ) MN.nP 0
3 2 5
Ly M d1, N d2 . Ta c
M (0;0;0), N ; ; .
7 7 7
MN 2 MN 2
d2 :
x y 2 z 1
v cc
1
1
1
im A(1;0;0), B(0;1;1),C(0;0;2) . Tm im M thuc d sao cho gc gia hai mt phng
(MAB) v (CAB) bng a 300 .
S: M(0; 2;1) .
Cu 169. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh:
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x 1 t
x 3 y 1 z
(1) : y 1 t v (2) :
. Xc nh im A trn 1 v im B trn 2 sao

1
2
1
z 2
cho on AB c di nh nht.
uuu
r
Gi s A(t+1; t 1; 2) 1, B( t'+3; 2t' +1; t') 2 AB (t' t 2;2t' t 2; t' 2)
V on AB c di nh nht AB l on vung gc chung ca (1) v (2)
uuu
r r
uuu
rr
2t 3t' 0
AB
u
AB
r r1 uuu
r.u
r1 0
uu
3t 6t' 0 t t' 0 A( 1; 1; 2), B(3; 1; 0).
AB u2 AB.u2 0
x 2 4t
thng d : y 6t . Tm im I trn ng thng d sao cho IA + IB t gi tr nh nht.

z 1 8t
uuu
r
AB (2; 3; 4) AB // d. Gi A1 l im i xng ca A qua d .
Ta c: IA + IB = IA1 + IB A1B . Do IA + IB t gi tr nh nht bng A1B. Khi A1, I,
B thng hng I l giao im ca A1B v d. V AB // d nn I l trung im ca A1B.
36 33 15
; ; . A i xng vi A qua H nn A
Gi H l hnh chiu ca A ln d. Tm c H
29 29 29
43 95 28
65 21 43
; ; . I l trung im ca AB suy ra I
;
; .
29 29 29
29 58 29
Cu hi tng t:
x 2 y z 1
a) Vi A(1; 1;2), B(3; 4; 2) , d :

.
S:
4
6 8
x 2 y z 4
b) Vi A(1;2;1), B(7;2;3) , d :
.
S:
3
2
2
64 9 45
; ; .
29 29 29
I (2;0;4) .
x 1 y 1 z
. Tm to im M trn sao cho MAB c din tch nh nht.

2
1 2
x 1 2t
PTTS ca : y 1 t . Gi M (1 2t;1 t;2t) .

z 2t
r
1 uuur uuu
Din tch MAB l S AM , AB 18t2 36t 216 = 18(t 1)2 198 198
2
Vy Min S = 198 khi t 1 hay M(1; 0; 2).
Cu hi tng t:
x 1 y 2 z 3
3 2
a) Vi A(0;1;0), B(2;2;2) , :
. S: M(3;0; 1) , minS
2
1
2
2
x y 3 z 1
34
b) Vi A(2; 1;1), B(0;1; 2), :

.
S: M (5;8; 11),minS
1
1
2
2
x 1 y 2 z 1
c) Vi A(0;1; 2), B(2; 1;1), :

. S: M (2;5; 5),minS 22
1
1
2
1 2 3
x y z 1 0
d) Vi A(2; 1;1), B(1; 1;0), :
.
S: M ; ; .
6 3 2
2x y 1 0
thng :
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e) Vi A(1;4;2), B(1;2;4), :
x 1 y 2 z
.
1
1
2

12 5 38
S: M ; ; .
7 7 7
Cu 172. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(5;8; 11) , B(3;5; 4) , C(2;1; 6)
x 1 y 2 z 1
v ng thng d :
. Xc nh to im M thuc ng thng d sao
2
1
1
uuur uuur uuur
cho MA MB MC t gi tr nh nht.
uuur uuur uuur
Gi s M (2t 1;2t 2;t 1) d MA MB MC (2t 1; 2t 4; t)
uuur uuur uuur
MA MB MC =
10
53
53
(2t 1)2 (2t 4)2 t2 9 t
9
9
3
11 2 1
10
Du "=" xy ra t
M ; ;
9
9 9 9
Cu 173. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho (P ) : x 2y z 5 0 im A( 2; 3; 4)
x 3
y 1 z 3 . Gi l ng thng nm trn (P) i qua giao
2
im ca (d) v (P) ng thi vung gc vi d. Tm trn im M sao cho khong cch AM
ngn nht.
x 2t 3
PTTS ca d: y t 1 . Gi I l giao im ca (d) v (P) I (1;0;4)

z t 3
r
r
r r
(d) c VTCP l a (2;1;1) , (P) c VTPT l n (1;2; 1) a, n (3;3;3) .
v ng thng (d) :
x 1 u
r
r
Gi u l vect ch phng ca u (1;1;1) : y u .
z 4 u
uuur
V M M (1 u; u;4 u) , AM (1 u;u 3;u)
uuur r
4
AM ngn nht AM AM .u 0 1(1 u) 1(u 3) 1.u 0 u .
3
7 4 16
; ;
Vy M
3 3 3
Cu 174. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1) v mt phng (P) c
phng trnh x 3y z 2 0. Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) l mt phng trung trc
ca on AB. Gi l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q). Tm im M thuc sao cho di on
thng OM l nh nht.
r
3 3 3 uuu
; ; ; AB (1; 1; 1)
Gi I l trung im ca AB I
2 2 2
3
PT (Q): x y z 0
2
7
1
l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q) PTTS ca : x 2t; y t; z t .
4
4
7
1
15 25
Gi s M 2t; t; t ; OM 6t2 t
.
4
4
2
8
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OM nh nht khi t
Trn S Tng
1 5 3
5
M ; ; .
8
2 8 8
Cu 175. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d1):
x 3 y z 1
, (d2):

1
1 2
x 2 y 2 z
. Mt ng thng () i qua im A(1; 2; 3), ct ng thng (d 1) ti

1
2
1
im B v ct ng thng (d2) ti im C. Chng minh rng im B l trung im ca on
thng AC.
uuu
r
uuur
1
Ly B (d1), C (d2). T : AB kAC k B l trung im ca on thng AC.
2
Ta c th tnh c B(2; 1; 1), C(3; 4; 1).
Cu 176. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im E(2;1;5), F (4; 3; 9) . Gi l giao
tuyn ca hai mt phng (P ): 2x y z 1 0 v (Q) : x y 2z 7 0 . Tm im I

thuc sao cho: IE IF ln nht .
x 1 t
x 2 t
PTTS ca : y 5t . PTTS ca EF: y 1 t .

z 3 3t
z 5 2t
1 t 2 t
t 0
Xt h: 5t 1 t
EF ct ti A(1;0;3).
t 1
3 3t 5 2t
Trong mp( ,EF) mi im I ta c IE IF EF (hiu 2 cnh trong 1 tam gic nh hn
cnh th 3). Du "=" xy ra I, E, F thng hng, t suy ra I trng A.
Vy im I(1;0;3).
A(0;0;3) , B(0;3;3) . Tm im M d sao cho:

a) MA MB nh nht.
Xt hm s f (t) (t 1)2 2 (t 2)2 2 f (t)

f (t) 0
t1
(t 1)2 2
Xt hm s g(u)
uuur uuur
c) MA 3MB nh nht.
b) MA2 2MB2 nh nht.
x t
a) PTTS ca d: y t . Gi M (t; t; t) d . Ta c: P 3
z t
u
2
u 2
t 2
(t 2)2 2
. Ta c g(u)
t1
(t 1)2 2
u2 2 u.
(t 1)2 2 (t 2)2 2
t1
(t 1)2 2
(t 2)2 2
(t 2) 2 2
u
t 2
(t 2)
(*)
1
2
.
0
2
2
2
3
u
2
u 2
(u 2)
nn hm s g ng bin trn .
Do t (*), ta c g(t 1) g (t 2) t 1 t 2 t
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v hai im
1 1 1
3
2
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3
Da vo BBT ca hm s f ta suy ra min f (t) f 3.
2
Vy min(MA MB) 3 3 t c ti t
3 3 3
3
, tc l M ; ; .
2
2 2 2
b) Tng t cu 1), ta tnh c Q MA2 2MB2 9t2 30t 45 (3t 5)2 20 .

5 5 5
5
minQ 20 khi t , tc M ; ; .
3
2 2 2 uuur
uuur
c) Theo cu 1) , ta c MA (t; t;3 t) , MB (t;3 t;3 t) .
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
Suy ra MA 2MB (t; t 6;t 3) MA 2MB 3t2 18t 45 3(t 3)2 18 3 2
uuur uuur
Vy min MA 2MB 3 2 khi t 3, tc M(3;3;3) .
Dng 3: Xc nh im thuc mt cu
Cu 178. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 4x 6y m 0
v ng thng (d) l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 1 0 , (Q):

x 2y 2z 4 0 v . Tm m (S) ct (d) ti 2 im M, N sao cho di MN = 8.
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(S) tm I(2;3;0), bn knh R= 13 m IM (m 13) . Gi H l trung im ca MN

MH= 4 IH = d(I; d) = m 3
r uur
r
u; AI
(d) qua A(0;1;-1), VTCP u (2;1;2) d(I; d) =
3.
r
u
Vy : m 3 =3 m = 12.
Cu 179. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x y z 3 0 v mt cu
(S): x2 y2 z2 6x 8y 2z 23 0 . Tm trn (S) im M sao cho khong cch t M

n mt phng (P) l ln nht. Khi hy vit phng trnh mt cu (T) c tm M v ct (P)
theo mt ng trn c bn knh bng 4.
Mt cu (S) c tm I (3;4;1) , bn knh R = 3
x 3 t
Gi d l ng thng qua I vung gc vi (P) PTTS ca d: y 4 t

z 1 t
Khi M l giao im ca d vi (S) Ta im M l nghim ca h:

x 3 t
t 1 t 1
y 4 t
x 4 x 2
z 1 t
y 3 M1(4;5;0), M2(2;3;2)
y
5
2 2 2
x y z 6x 8y 2z 23 0 z 0 z 2
Ta thy d(M1,(P )) 4 3 > d(M2,(P )) 2 3 . Vy M(4;5;0) l im cn tm.
Mt cu (T) c R ' MH 2 HE 2 (4 3)2 42 8 (T ) :(x 4)2 (y 5)2 z2 64
Cu 180. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh
l (S) : x2 y2 z2 4x 2y 6z 5 0, (P ) : 2x 2y z 16 0 . im M di ng trn (S)

v im N di ng trn (P). Tnh di ngn nht ca on thng MN. Xc nh v tr ca
M, N tng ng.
Mt cu (S) tm I(2;1;3) v c bn knh R = 3.
2.2 2.(1) 3 16
Khong cch t I n mt phng (P): d d I , P
5 d R .
3
Do (P) v (S) khng c im chung. Do vy, min MN = d R = 5 3 = 2.
Trong trng hp ny, M v tr M0 v N v tr N0. D thy N0 l hnh chiu vung gc ca
I trn mt phng (P) v M0 l giao im ca on thng IN0 vi mt cu (S).
Gi l ng thng i qua I v vung gc vi (P), th N0 l giao im ca v (P).
x 2 2t
r
ng thng c VTCP l nP 2;2; 1 v qua I nn c phng trnh l y 1 2t .

z 3 t
Ta ca N0 ng vi t nghim ng phng trnh:
15
5
2(2 2t) 2(1 2t) (3 t) 16 0 9t 15 0 t
9
3
u
u
u
u
r
u
u
u
r
4 13 14
3
Suy ra N0 ; ; . Ta c IM0 IN0. Suy ra M0(0;3;4)
5
3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a) (S) : x2 y2 z2 4x 4y 2z 0; (P ) : 2x y 2z 4 0 .
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2 1 5
; ;
3 3 3
S: M(2 2 2;2 2; 1 2 2) , N
Cu 181. Trong khng gian ta Oxyz , cho im A(0;1;1), B(1;0; 3),C(1; 2; 3) v mt cu (S) c
phng trnh: x2 y2 z2 2x 2z 2 0 . Tm ta im D trn mt cu (S) sao cho t din

ABCD c th tch ln nht.
(S) c tm I(1; 0; 1), bn knh R 2 . PT mp(ABC): 2x 2y z 1 0
1
Ta c VABCD d(D;(ABC )).SABC nn VABCD ln nht d(D;( ABC )) ln nht .
3
Gi D1D2 l ng knh ca (S) vung gc vi mp(ABC). Ta thy vi D l 1 im bt k
thuc (S) th d(D;( ABC )) max d(D1;( ABC )); d(D2;( ABC )) .
Du = xy ra khi D trng vi D1 hoc D2..
r
D1D2 i qua I(1;0;1), v c VTCP l nABC (2; 2;1)
D1D2 : x 1 2t; y 2t; z 1 t
x 1 2t
2
t
Ta D1 v D2 tha:
t 2
z 1 t
(x 1)2 y2 (z 1)2 4
3
7 4 1
1 4 5
D1 ; ; ; D2
; ;
3 3 3
3 3 3
7 4 1
; ; l im cn tm.
3 3 3
Ta thy: d(D1;( ABC )) d(D2;(ABC )) . Vy im D
Dng 4: Xc nh im trong khng gian

Cu 182. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (): 3x 2y z 4 0 v hai
im A(4;0;0) , B(0;4;0) .Gi I l trung im ca on thng AB. Xc nh ta im K

sao cho KI vung gc vi mt phng (), ng thi K cch u gc ta O v ().
x 2 y 2 z
I(2;2;0). PT ng thng KI:

.
3
2
1
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Gi H l hnh chiu ca I trn (): H(1;0;1). Gi s K(xo;yo;zo).
x0 2 y0 2 z0
1 1 3
3
2
1
Ta c: KH = KO
K ; ; .
4 2 4
(x 1)2 y 2 (z 1)2 x 2 y 2 z 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cu 183. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 4 im A(2;4;1), B(1;4;1), C(2;4;3),
D(2;2;1). Tm ta im M MA2 MB2 MC 2 MD2 t gi tr nh nht.

7 14
Gi G l trng tm ca ABCD ta c: G ; ;0 .
3 3
Ta c: MA2 MB2 MC 2 MD2 4MG2 GA2 GB2 GC 2 GD2
7 14
; ;0 .
3 3
GA2 GB2 GC 2 GD2 . Du bng xy ra khi M G
Cu 184. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x y z 3 0 v im A(0;
1; 2). Tm to im A i xng vi A qua mt phng (P).

r
(P) c VTPT n (1;1;1) . Gi s A(x; y; z).
x y 1 z 2
;
Gi I l trung im ca AA I ;
.
2 2
2
x y 1 z 2
uuur
r
AA , ncu
1 1 1
n
g
phng
A i xng vi A qua (P)
I (P)
x y 1 z 2 3 0
2
2
2
Vy:
A(4; 3; 2).
x 4
y 3
z 2
Cu 185. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1;0;0), B(0;1;0), C(0;3;2) v
mt phng ( ) : x 2y 2 0. Tm to ca im M bit rng M cch u cc im

A, B, C v mt phng ( ).
Gi s M (x0; y0; z0) .

(x 1)2 y2 z2 x2 (y 1)2 z2
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
2
MA MB
2
2
2
2
2
x0 (y0 1) z0 x0 (y0 3) (z0 2) (2)

Ta c: MB MC
2
MA d(M ,(a ))
2
2
2 (x0 2y0 2)
(
x
1
)
(3)
0
0
0
5
x0 1, y0 1, z0 2
23 23 14
; ; .
23
23
14 M(1; 1; 2) hoc M
x0 , y , z0
3
3 3
3
3
3
Cu 186. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC, bit
A(3;0;0), B(0;3;0), C(0;0;3) . Tm to nh S bit th tch khi chp S.ABC bng 36.
Phng trnh ( ABC ) : x y z 3 0.
9 3
ABC c trng tm G(1;1;1) v AB= BC= CA= 3 2 SABC
.
2
Do hnh chp S.ABC u nn ng thng SG qua G v vung gc vi (ABC)
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x 1 t
Phng trnh SG : y 1 t . Gi s S(1 t;1 t;1 t)

z 1 t
1
Ta c : VS.ABC=36= SG. SABC t 8, t 8. Vy: S(9;9;9) hoc S(7; 7; 7) .
3
Dng 5: Xc nh im trong a gic

Cu 187. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho ba im A(1;0;0), B(0;2;0), C(0;0;3).
Tm to trc tm ca tam gic ABC.

Lp phng trnh mp(ABC); (P) qua A v (P) BC; (Q) qua B v (Q) AC
36 18 12
; ;
Gii h gm ba phng trnh ba mt phng trn ta c trc tm H
49 49 49
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(3;0;0), B(0;1;4), C(1;2;2).
S:
Cu 188. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1;3;5) , B(4;3;2) , C(0;2;1) .
Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.

Ta c: AB BC CA 3 2 ABC u. Do tm I ca ng trn ngoi tip
5 8 8
ABC cng l trng tm ca n. Kt lun: I ; ; .
3 3 3
Cu 189. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1; 0; 1), B(1; 2; 1), C(1; 2; 3).
Tm ta tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
uuu
r
uuur
Ta c: AB (2; 2; 2), AC (0; 2;2). Suy ra phng trnh mt phng trung trc ca AB,
x y z 1 0, y z 3 0.
AC l:
uuu
r uuur
r
VTPT ca mp(ABC) l n AB, AC (8; 4;4). Suy ra (ABC): 2x y z 1 0 .
x y z 1 0 x 0
Gii h: y z 3 0 y 2 . Suy ra tm ng trn l I (0; 2;1).

2x y z 1 0 z 1
Bn knh l R IA (1 0)2 (0 2)2 (1 1)2 5.

Cu 190. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ba im A(2;3;1) , B(1;2;0) , C(1;1; 2) .
Tm ta trc tm H v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.

H (x; y; z) l trc tm ca ABC BH AC,CH AB, H (ABC )
uuur uuur
BH .AC 0
r
uuur uuu
2
29
1
2 29 1
CH
.
AB
x ;y ;z
; ;
H
uuu
r uuur uuur
15
15
3
15 15 3
AB, AC .AH 0
I (x; y; z) l tm ng trn ngoi tip ABC AI BI CI , I ( ABC )

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Trn S Tng
AI 2 BI 2
14
61
1 14 61 1
2
CIuu2u
BI
;
y
;
z
I
; ;
r uuur uur
15
30
3
15
30 3
AB, AC AI 0
Cu 191. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ba im A(1;0;1), B(1;2; 1),C(1;2;3) v
I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I v tip
xc vi mt phng (Oxz).
Phng trnh ( ABC ) : 2x y z 1 0. Gi I (x; y; z) .
I ( ABC ) 2x y z 1 0 (2)
IA IB IC x y z 1 0, y z 3 0 (1) ;
T (1) (2) I (0; 2;1) . Bn knh mt cu l R d(I ,(Oxz)) 2
(S): x2 (y 2)2 (z 1)2 4

Cu 192. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC c A(3;1;0) , B nm trn mt
phng (Oxy) v C nm trn trc Oz. Tm to cc im B, C sao cho im H(2;1;1) l trc

tm ca tam gic ABC.
Gi s B(x; y;0) (Oxy),C(0;0; z) Oz .
uuur uuu
r
uuur uuu
r
AH .BC 0
AH BC
r
r
uuur uuu
uuur uuu
H l trc tm ca ABC CH
CH
.
AB
uuu
uuu
ruuurAB
uuur
r uuur 0uuur
AB, AC, AH o
ng pha
ng
AB, AH .AC 0
3 177
17 177
3 177
x z 0
;y
;z
x
4
2
4
2x y 7 0
177
17
177
3
177
3x 3y yz z 0
;y
;z
x
4
2
4
3 177 17 177
3 177
B
;
;0 ,C 0;0;
4
2

4
3 177 17 177
3 177
hoc B
;
;0 ,C 0;0;
4
2

4
Cu 193. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho im A(3; 2; 3) v hai ng thng c phng trnh
x 2 y 3 z 3
x 1 y 4 z 3
v d2 :
. Chng minh ng thng d1, d2 v
1
1
2
1
2
1
im A cung nm trong mt mt phng. Xc nh to cc nh B v C ca tam gic ABC
bit d1 cha ng cao BH v d2 cha ng trung tuyn CM ca tam gic ABC.
r
r
d1 qua M1(2; 3; 3), c VTCP a (1;1; 2) ; d2 qua M2(1; 4; 3) c VTCP b (1; 2;1)
urr
r r r uuuuuur
Ta c a,b 0 , a , b .M1M2 0 d1, d2 ct nhau.
d1 :
Phng trnh mt phng cha d1, d2 : x y z 8 0 A mp(d1, d2) .

t 5 t 5
;
;3 t
2
2
Gi s B(2 t;3 t;3 2t) d1 trung im ca AB l M
M d2 t 1 M (2;2;4) B(1;2;5) .
uuur r
Gi s C(1 t;4 2t;3 t) d2 . AC a t = 0 C(1;4;2)
Cu 194. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cho tam gic ABC c A(3;2;3), ng cao
CH, ng phn gic trong BM ca gc B ln lt c phng trnh l

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hoctoancapba.com
x 2 y 3 z 3
x 1 y 4 z 3
, d2 :
. Tnh di cc cnh ca tam gic ca
1
1
2
1
2
1
tam gic ABC.
Gi (P) l mt phng i qua A v vung gc vi d1 (P): x y 2z 1 0 . B l giao
d1 :
im ca d2 vi (P) B(1;4;3) .
Gi (Q) l mt phng i qua A v vung gc vi d2 (Q): x 2y z 2 0 . Gi K l
giao im ca d2 vi (Q) K (2;2;4) . Gi E l im i xng ca A qua K E(1;2;5) .
x1
Phng trnh ng thng BE l y 4 t . C l giao im ca BE v CH C(1;2;5) .

z 3 t
Ta c AB = AC = BC = 2 2 Tam gic ABC u.
Cu 195. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh thang cn ABCD vi A 3; 1; 2 ,
B 1;5;1 , C 2;3;3 , trong AB l y ln, CD l y nh. Tm to im D.
Do ABCD l hnh thang cn nn AD = BC = 3.

Gi l ng thng qua C v song song vi AB, (S) l mt cu tm A bn knh R = 3.
im D cn tm l giao im ca v (S).
x 2 2t
uuu
r
ng thng c vect ch phng AB 2;6;3 nn c phng trnh: y 3 6t

z 3 3t
Phng trnh mt cu (S) :(x 3)2 (y 1)2 (z 2)2 9
To im D tho H PT:
x 2 2t
t 1
y 3 6t
49
t
82
t
33
33
z 3 3t
t
2
2
2
49
x 3 y 1 z 2 9
Vi t = 1, th D(4; 3; 0) : khng tho v AB = CD = 7
164 51 48
33
; ; (nhn)
Vi t D
49
49 49 49
Cu 196. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh thoi ABCD vi A(1;2;1) , B(2;3;2) .
Tm ta cc nh C, D v vit phng trnh mt phng cha hnh thoi bit rng tm I

x 1 y z 2
ca hnh thoi thuc ng thng d :

v im D c honh m.
1 1
1
uu
r
uur
Gi I (1 t; t;2 t) d . Ta c IA (t;2 t; 1 t), IB (3 t;3 t; t) .
uu
r uur
Do ABCD l hnh thoi nn IA.IB 0 3t2 9t 6 0 t 1, t 2 .
V C i xng vi A qua I v D i xng vi B qua I nn:
+ Vi t 1 I (0;1;1) C(1;0;1), D(2; 1;0) .
+ Vi t 2 I (1;2;0) C(3;2; 1), D(0;1; 2)
Do D c honh m nn ta chn c nghim C(1;0;1), D(2; 1;0)
r
+ Gi (P) l mt phng cha hnh thoi ABCD, gi s (P) c VTPT n
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r
r uu
r uur
n
IA
(1;1;0)
r uu
Ta c r uur
c th chn n
IA, IB (1;1; 4)
n IB (2;2;1)
Suy ra phng trnh mt phng (P ) : x y 4z 3 0 ..
Trn S Tng
Cu 197. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh
vung, A(1;0;0) , C(1;2;0) , D(1;0;0) , S(0;0; 3) . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca

on SB v CD. Chng minh rng hai ng thng AM v BN vung gc vi nhau v xc
nh ta tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ONB.
uuu
r uuur
AB DC B(1; 2; 0). M l trung im SB, N l trung im CD
1
3
;1; , N(1; 1; 0) AM BN. V ONB nm trong mp(Oxy) nn tm I ca
2 2
ng trn ngoi tip ONB thuc mp(Oxy).
1 7
IO IN
Gi I (x; y;0) . Ta c:
I ; ;0 .
IO IB
6 6
Cu 198. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh vung MNPQ c M(5;3; 1) ,
P(2;3; 4) . Tm to nh
(R) : x y z 6 0.
bit rng nh
nm trong mt phng
uuur
7
5
;3; . Gi N(a; b; c) (R) . MP (3;0; 3) .
2
2
Gi I l tm hnh vung I
uur
7
5
IN a ; b 3; c ; MP 3 2 IN 3 2 .
2
2
2
a b c 6 0
u
Nur (R
)
uuur
5
7
IN MP
3 a 3 c 0
a 2, b 3,c 1
2
2
Ta c:
2
2
a 3, b 1,c 2
IN 3 2

5
7
9
2
a (b 3) c
2
2
2
2

Nu N(2;3 1) th Q(5;3; 4).
Nu N(3;1; 2) th Q(4;5; 3).
Cu 199. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit B(3;0;8) ,
D(5; 4;0) v nh A thuc mt phng (Oxy). Tm ta im C.

Ta c trung im BD l I(1;2; 4), BD = 12 v im A thuc mp(Oxy) nn A(a; b; 0).
AB2 AD2
2
2
2
2
2
2 (a 3) b 8 (a 5) (b 4)
ABCD l hnh vung
2
2
2
2 1
(a 1) (b 2) 4 36
AI BD
2
17
a
b 4 2a
a1
5 A(1; 2; 0) hoc A 17; 14;0
hoc
2
2
b 2
5 5
(a 1) (6 2a) 20
b 14
5
17 14
27 6
;
;0 C
; ;8 .
Vi A(1; 2; 0) C(3;6; 8)
Vi A
5 5
5 5
Cu 200. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit A(1;2;0),C(2;3; 4) .
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Trn S Tng
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v nh B nm trn mt phng (Q): x 2y z 3 0. Tm to ca nh D, bit to ca

B l nhng s nguyn.
AC 3 2 AB 3 . Gi B(x; y; z) .
x 2y z 3 (1)
B (Q)
2
2
2
2
2
2
Ta c: AB CB (x 1) (y 2) z (x 2) (y 3) (x 4) (2)
AB 3
(x 1)2 (y 2)2 z2 9 (3)
1
;
y
1
;
z
B(1;1;2) . Vy D(4;4; 6) .
Chn thnh cm n cc bn ng nghip v cc em hc sinh c tp ti liu ny.

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200 Bai Toan Toa Do Trong Khong Gian Co Loi Giai - TRAN SI TUNG

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200 Bai Toan Toa Do Trong Khong Gian Co Loi Giai - TRAN SI TUNG

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Trn S Tng

PP to trong khng gian

TKG 01: VIT PHNG TRNH MT PHNG

A(2;1;3), B(1; 2;1) v song song vi ng thng d : y 2t

Chng t (d1) // (d2). (P): x + y 5z +10 = 0

Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(1; 1; 1) v hai ng thng

PP to trong khng gian

Dng 2: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n mt cu

Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:

(P) tip xc vi (S) d(I ,(P )) R

Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 4 0 v

PT (Q) i qua M c dng: A(x 3) B(y 1) C(z 1) 0, A2 B2 C 2 0

T (*), (**) B 5A 3 2A2 B2 8B2 7A2 10AB 0 A 2B 7A 4B

Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x2 y2 z2 2x 2y 2z 1 0

PP to trong khng gian

(P): y z 3 3 2 0 hoc (P): y z 3 3 2 0

x2 y2 z2 2x 4y 6z 11 0 v mt phng () c phng trnh 2x + 2y z + 17 = 0.

PP to trong khng gian

Dng 3: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n khong cch

gc vi mt phng (Q): x y z 0 v cch im M(1; 2; 1) mt khong bng

PT mt phng (P) qua O nn c dng: Ax By Cz 0 (vi A2 B2 C 2 0 ).

Cu 13. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ng thng :

Cu 14. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) : y 1 2t v im

T (2) v (3), chn b 1 a 2,c 2 PT mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 1 0 .

PP to trong khng gian

PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

C(1;2; 2) v mt phng (P): x 2y 2z 1 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) i qua

PP to trong khng gian

T (1), (2), (3) ta c 2 trng hp sau :

7.2 2.2 4.3 d

7.1 2.2 4.1 d

A(0; 1;2) , B(1;0;3) v tip xc vi mt cu (S): (x 1)2 (y 2)2 (z 1)2 2 .

(S) c tm I (1;2; 1) , bn knh R 2 .

PP to trong khng gian

PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0)

phng (P) i qua im A v cch gc ta O mt khong ln nht.

x 2 t; y 2t; z 2 2t . Gi l ng thng qua im A(4;0;1) song song vi (d)

Cu 25. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d :

PT mt phng (P) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

PP to trong khng gian

Nu B = 0 th d(K, (P)) = 0 (loi)

Dng 4: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n gc

v to vi mt phng (P) : 2x 2y z 1 0 mt gc 600. Tm ta giao

PP to trong khng gian

im M ca mt phng () vi trc Oz.

tuyn d ca hai mt phng (a ) : 2x y 1 0 , ( ) : 2x z 0 v to vi mt phng

phng (P ) : x 2y z 3 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha AB v to vi mt

PT mt phng (Q) c dng: ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

a 4b,c 3b, d 15b

Phng trnh mp(Q): 4x y 3z 15 0 hoc (Q): x y 3 0 .

Cu 30. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d :

PP to trong khng gian

Cu 31. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai mt phng (P ) : 5x 2y 5z 1 0 v

(Q) : x 4y 8z 12 0. Lp phng trnh mt phng (R) i qua im M trung vi gc ta

Gi s PT mt phng (R): ax by cz d 0 (a2 b2 c2 0) .

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha 1 v

p s: (P): 5x 11y 2z 4 0 hoc (P): 2x y z 2 0.

M(1;2;3) v to vi cc trc Ox, Oy cc gc tng ng l 450, 300 .

2(x 1) (y 2) (z 3) 0 hoc 2(x 1) (y 2) (z 3) 0

Cu 34. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (Q): x 2y z 5 0 v ng

. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to

PP to trong khng gian