DEEP STRIP FOOTINGS

This type of footing can be used where the risk of differential

settlement is
great,
and where building
frame action is not available
to resist
such
settlement - e.g. in footings under loadbearing walls.
The rationale behind this design method is to design the longitudinal cross
section of the foundation to be capable of accommodating
the distortion that
a load bearing wall can undergo prior to cracking.
The deflection
ratio is defined as A/L,
the limiting value of which for
load bearing wall structures can be taken
as A/L = 1/2750 ............ (1)
We can also relate this deflection A to the uniformly
would produced the appropriate deflected shape, i.e. A

distributed load that

5wL4 / 384EI ..... (2)

From equations

(1) and (2) we have

w = (0.0279)EI/L3
This equivalent load can be used to compute the maximum bending moment (wL2/8)
and the maximum
shear force (wL/2), for which the strip footing has to be
designed.
There are two types of
above way. One is the
foundation.

footings that are commonly used and designed in the

inverted-T
foundation and the other the Vierendeel

Inverted-T

Vierendeel

The longitudinal
steel therefore
is a function of geometry
(both building
geometry
& cross
sectional
geometry)
and sectional
stiffness,
and not a
function
of load. The distribution
of load to the soil is done in the
transverse direction,
and the steel corresponding to this will depend on the
load.
Example
Design the longitudinal
steel (fy = 460 N/mm2) for the Vierendeel foundation
section shown, if the wall length is 20 m, Econc = 25 kN/mm2 and Erubb1 = 5
kN/mm2.

ISo

~oo

-'50

step

1 - Find EI

Equivalent
Distance

thickness

of rubble

of centroid

= (5/25)(225)

45 nun

from bottom

(225) (150) (825) +

(600) (45) (450) + (150) (750) (75)

x =
(225) (150) + (600) (45) + (150) (750)

48431250/173250
.. I

(1/12) (1503) (225) + (150) (225) (825-280)2

+ (1/12) (6003) (45) + (600) (45) (400-280)2
+ (1/12) (1503) (750) + (150) (750) (280-75)2
10.09 x109 + 1.185 x109 + 4.939 x109

" EI = 422 x109 kNnun2

Step

280 nun

2 - Equivalent

422 x103 kNm2

load

and design

8M & SF

w = (0.0279~EI/L3 = (0.027;)(422 x103)/(20)3 = 1.47 kN/m

" Max. 8M = wL-/8 = (1.47) (20-)/8 = 73.5 KNm
{for ultimate loads, 8M = (73.5)(1.5)
110 kNm}
Max.

Step

SF

3 - Desiqn

Lever

wL/2 = (1.47)(20)/2
{for ultimate loads,

steel

arm between

and check

14.7 kN
SF = (14.7) (1.5)

22 kN}'

shear

top & bottom

" As(0.87)f (750) = 110 x106

(0.87) (460) (750)As = 110"X106
As = 366 nun:. Use 4T12 at top & bottom

steel

75+600+75

750 rom

(As = 452 nun2)

Shear
stress in rubble alone = (22 x103) / (600)(225) = 0.16 N/nun2
This is fairly small.
Hence stub columns of Vierendeel
foundation
can be spaced at nominal
spacing, say 750 nun (the lever arm length of beam), with nominal steel
(say 4 T10).

10