Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

Ch dn T vn gim st thi cng cu

B tng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng
PGS.TS. ng Gia Ni
Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh GTVT

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8.1 Gii thiu cng ngh hng

Thi cng cu b tng ct thp d ng lc (BTCTDUL) bng cng ngh hng

bao gm 2 gii php cng ngh: Cng ngh lp hng v cng ngh c
hng (hnh 1) Cng ngh hng c p dng ch yu cho nhng cng trnh
cu c khu nhp ln thng thng t 70m n 150, 200m. Vic p dng
cng ngh hng ngoi kh nng t c khu ln cn hm cha mt s u
im mang tnh li th nh: Khng gy ch tc cc hot ng giao thng trn
ng v to dng kin trc p theo yu cu m quan cng trnh khu vc.

Hnh 1: Cng ngh lp hng vi vic s dng ti ko t dm

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

t phng tin vn chuyn xe hoc h ni

Hnh 2: Cng ngh lp hng vi vic s dng dn gio di ng trn

phn dm c vn chuyn v lp ghp t c.

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

Hnh 3: Cng ngh c hng

8.2. Ch dn TVGS cng ngh c hng
8.2.1. Cc bc tin hnh cng ngh
Vic p dng cng ngh c hng c tin hnh tun t theo nguyn
tc:
Tr cu c xy dng xong v c t K0 trn nh tr

n nh t K0 tm thi bng cc thanh thp cng cao (thanh Bar)

hoc m rng din tch gi t K0
-

t cc gi v b k tm thi bn di t K0

Tin hnh lp 2 xe c hng (dn gio c t dm b tng) theo 2

pha cnh ca t K0 (i xng qua tim tr)
-

Th ti o c vng v bin dng ca xe c

Hiu chnh cao vn khun ca xe c trc khi b tng

o c cao v lch tim ca 2 xe c theo yu cu thit k

b tng 2 t dm K1 v K1

o c kim tra cao v lch tm ca y cc t btng

Di chuyn 2 xe c hng v pha gia nhp c cc t tip theo

K2, K2 , K3, K3 ... Kn, Kn sau khi hon thnh cng tc cng ko b cp cc t
b tng c
-

c t hp long gia cc lin kt cu nhp c c

Cng ko cc b cp DL chu mmen dng trong lng hp

Cng ko cc b cp DL ngoi

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

-

o c kim tra ln cui

Ph d cc gi k tm thi bn di t K0 (trn ton b cc tr) v h kt

cu nhp ln cc gi chnh thc
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8.2.2. Ch dn t vn gim st (TVGS) cng tc chun b thi cng

t dm.
Trc khi tin hnh thi cng c hng, TVGS cn thc hin cc bc kim
tra vi cc hng mc ni dung cng vic sau:
- Kim tra h s tnh ton thit k thi cng t dm ca nh thu
trnh: Cc bin php lp rp v vn hnh xe c bo m yu cu n
nh trong qu trnh c b tng, iu chnh v di chuyn.
- Kim tra ti liu ch dn cng ngh ch to v b tng bao gm:
Cc bin php v kho tng bn bi tp kt nguyn vt liu, xi mng, ct, ,
ph gia, cc kt qu nghin cu ch to cp phi b tng, cng ngh cp v
b tng cng trng
- Kim tra cc chng ch th nghim, cc loi nguyn vt liu v thit b
bao gm:
+ Phiu th nghim ct liu b tng, va lp lng, ng Ghen.v.v.
+ Phiu th nghim thit b cng ko b cp DL: Cp s dng, neo v
kch cng ko.v.v.
+ Hin trng cht lng v s sn sng hot ng ca cc thit b tham
gia thi cng nh: Xe c (hoc lp), vn khun, gio, my m, trm trn
b tng, cn cu, my bm, xe chuyn dng chuyn ch b tng.v.v.
8.2.3. Ch dn TVGS cng tc lp rp h thng kt cu xe c
hng
- Xe c hng c cu to theo nguyn l kt cu dn thp chu lc c
nhim v: Nng trng lng b tng t dm trong qu trnh b tng,
cng ko b cp DL v bo m ng v tr hnh hc ca cc t kt cu
nhp trong khng gian. Cc b phn kt cu ch yu ca dn gio bao gm:
H khung cu to bng thanh thp vi cc dm dc ch ( hnh 2), sn
y, thanh treo v vn khun. C hai loi vn khun: Vn khun trong v vn
khun ngoi.
- Qu trnh lp rp xe c hng cn c gim st kim tra theo yu cu
sau:
+ Kim tra kch thc hnh hc ca xe c hng v vn khun bo m
ch to chnh xc t dm theo yu cu thit k
+ Kim tra vng chc (kh nng chu lc ca khung ) trn c s s
liu th ti o c vng v bin dng tng th cng nh cc b ca h
khung

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

+ Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca kt cu sn y trn c s s liu

th ti o c vng v bin dng tng th cng nh cc b ca h thng
kt cu sn (dn chu lc, vn khun y)
+ Kim tra kn tht ca vn khun
+ Kim tra kh nng vn hnh bnh thng ca xe c bao gm: Di
chuyn ca xe c n v tr mi v cht an ton
+ Kim tra kch thc xe c, cao v lch tim theo yu cu thit
k.
8.2.4. Ch dn TVGS cng tc b tng
8.2.4.1. b tng t K0
t K0 l phn on u tin ca kt cu nhp c hng (hoc lp
hng) c c trc tip trn gio t nh tr. Tu quy m ca cng
trnh xc nh kch thc ca t. Mc n nh ca qu trnh c
hng (hoc lp hng) cc t tip theo da trn c s mc n nh
ca t K0, v vy t K0 phi c t trn h gi k tm trong mt din
tch b mt rng. V vy TVGS cn kim tra:
- Mt bng b tr gi k tm, s lng v v tr t cc thanh thp cng
cao cng p t K0 xung b gi theo yu cu thit k.
- Kim tra vng chc ca gio dng c t K 0 theo yu cu
thit k.
- Kim tra s lp dng ct thp (ct thp thng v ng Gen nh
v trong t K0)
- Kim tra quy trnh cng ngh b tng t K 0 do nh thu
trnh.
- Kim tra thnh phn cp phi b tng c xt nh hng ca thi tit,
nhit , nng gi thi im b tng (ngy hoc m).
- Kim tra thnh phn ph gia trong cp phi b tng va bo m
tnh thun li trong thi cng m rung v va nng cao kh nng t cng
cao sm ngy. Do khi lng b tng ca t K0 ln nn cch tt nht l s
dng loi ph gia c tc dng ko di thi gian ninh kt
- Kim tra vic chun b mch ngng thi cng v vic chun b b mt
tip xc gia cc phn b tng s c sau
- Kim tra vic chun b b mt tip xc gia cc t s c sau
8.2.4.2. b tng cc t t K1, K1 Kn, Kn
Thng thng chiu di cc t c thit k ch to t 3 4m. Vo thi
im hin nay chu k thi cng mi t t 8 10 ngy. Trong qu trnh
b tng TVGS cn thc hin cc bc kim tra bao gm cc ni dung sau
- Kim tra quy trnh cng ngh b tng do nh thu trnh.
Thng thng cng ngh b tng i vi dm BTCT kiu hp kn c tin

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

hnh tun t bt u t b tng bn y trc (1), sau tip tc

phn thn (2) v bn np hp (3). (Xem hnh 4)

Hnh 4- S cng ngh b tng

- Kim tra st b tng sau khi ra khi trm trn v trc khi a vo vn
khun theo quy nh ca thit k v quy trnh hin hnh t
- Kim tra cng tc ly mu th nghim b tng theo tui quy nh,
c bit ch loi mu i vi tui b tng cho php cng ko
- Kim tra cng tc bo dng b tng bo m thi gian cho php cng
ko bao gm mt s gii php:
+ Gii php phun nc nng vi nhit t 60 800 (gii php ny t
hiu qu)
+ Gii php bc lp cch nhit cho vn khun gi nhit do b tng
to nn trong qu trnh ninh kt
+ Gii php s dng tm ni lng hoc Polyetilen ph b mt b
tng bo m b tng gi c m trong qu trnh ninh kt
8.2.5. Ch dn cng tc b tng phn kt cu nhp t trn
gio c nh
Phn kt cu nhp c mt u t st m v u kia lin kt vi cnh
khung T c hng c thi cng trn gio c nh. Thng thng phn kt
cu nhp ny nm trn sng (c th nm trn b) v h thng gio c
ng xung t dn gio vn khun c dm. i vi hng mc thi
cng ny, TVGS phi kim tra vng chc ca kt cu gio trn c s
th ti trc khi b tng. Trong trng hp c hin tng ln v khng t c
yu cu n nh ti thiu phi gia cng kt cu gio v p dng cc gii
php k thut lm tt ln. Cc cng tc khc nh: b tng, cng ko b cp
DL u thc hin nh thi cng cc kt cu dm BTCT UL thng thng khc.

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

8.2.6. Ch dn TVGS cng tc cng ko b cp DUL

Ngoi cc c im tng t v gim st cng tc cng ko b cp DUL
i vi cc kt cu dm BTCT DUL thng thng, trong cng ngh thi cng
hng cn ch mt s vn sau y:
- Khi cng ko cc b cp mt trn chu mmen m, do chiu di b cp
ln phi cng hai u, v vy s cn thit phi bo m ch thng tin
thng xuyn v lin tc iu chnh khng ch gin di b cp theo
ng h o p lc.
- Do gin di ca b cp thng ln hn di hnh trnh ca kch
nn phi ko cng nhiu t v vy TVGS phi ch vic ghi chp kt qu
s liu o cho tng t c c s iu chnh tng th
- Thng xuyn kim tra so snh kt qu o gin di v s ch ca
ng h o p lc vi kt qu th nghim kp thi c bin php iu
chnh bo m lc cng ng vi yu cu thit k.
- Khi thi cng dm BTCT DUL bng cng ngh hng trong trng hp c b
tr cu to DUL ngoi, nh thu v thit k phi lp ch dn ring TVGS s
tin hnh gim st trn c s ti liu ch dn ny.
8.2.7. Ch dn TVGS cng tc o c
Cng tc o c kim tra kt cu trong qu trnh thi cng hng ng vai
tr quyt nh v cht lng thi cng nhp dm cu. V vy TVGS cn kim
tra cht ch cng tc o c ca nh thu. Ni dung bao gm:
Kim tra s liu o c cn chnh h kt cu dn gio t
K0: Cao vn khun y, lch tim gia vn khun y v mt so vi
tim dm, kch thc b vn khun c t K0.v.v.
tim...
-

Kim tra s liu o c t K0: Cao y dm b tng, lch

Kim tra s liu o c cn chnh ca xe c hng c cc

t t K1, K1 Kn,Kn: Cao vn khun y, lch tim, kch thc xe c

c cc t dm.
Kim tra s liu o c cc t c: Cao y t dm b
tng, lch tim.v.v.
Cng tc o c phi c ghi chp theo di. Mc o c t trn
b mt bn mt cu do mt thp bn chn sn. Trong trng hp c s sai
lch so vi quy nh ca thit k, phi tin hnh tnh ton iu chnh vn
khun ca nhng t tip theo.
8.2.8. Ch dn TVGS thi cng hp long
Cng on cui cng ca thi cng cu bng cng ngh hng l hp long
cc cnh dm hng li vi nhau. Vic hp long c tin hnh thng qua thi

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

cng t hp long. Thng thng chiu di t hp long khong 2m (khong

cch ca 2 cnh hng). Ni dung cng ngh thi cng t hp long c tin
hnh tun t nh sau:
- iu chnh cao ca 2 cnh hng
- Lp t dn gio, vn khun b tng t hp long
- b tng t hp long
- Cng ko b cp chu m men dng (b cp nm di)
- Tho d vn khun v gio
- o c, kim tra t hp long theo yu cu thit k
- Nghim thu t hp long
Do trong qu trnh thi cng c nhiu tc ng ca cc yu t nh hng
nh co ngt t bin, nhit ... nn thng xy ra mt s hin tng nh: Cao
2 u cnh hng cho vic hp long c s chnh lch. V vy TVGS cn kim
tra cht ch cc kt qu s liu o c c th cho php hoc khng
cho php tin hnh hp long. Trong trng hp chnh lch ln nm ngoi
phm vi cho php ca thit k, s cn thit phi thc hin vic iu chnh
cao cc cnh hng. Cc gii php k thut c p dng iu chnh
cao cnh hng, c th dng xe c hng vi 2 kch chn t pha bn
ny ca mt cnh hng v pha cnh hng bn kia c chng ln nh thanh
chng ( trng thi t do). Vic iu chnh cao thng qua c ch iu
chnh thanh ng sut (hnh 5)

V tr ca xe c khi thi cng khi jp long

Hnh 5: iu chnh chnh cao ca 2 cnh hng bng thanh
ng sut

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

Trong trng hp va c hin tng lch ng v va c lch ngang,

TVGS cn ngh nh thu iu chnh lch ngang bng cc thanh ng
sut ging cho (Hnh 6)

Hnh 6: iu chnh lch ngang bng thanh ng sut ging

cho
Trong qu trnh cn chnh lch, TVGS cn ngh nh thu b tr
my mc thit b o c cc vng chu lc xung yu. Nu thy c hin t ng kt cu lm vic khng bnh thng do b cng bc ln cn phi cho dng
cng tc cng chnh c bin php tng cng n nh kt cu dm.
Sau khi iu chnh xong lch ng v ngang theo ng quy nh
ca thit k mi cho php tin hnh b tng t hp long. Qu trnh
cng ko b cp v b tng c tin hnh tun t theo quy nh ca
thit k.
8.3. Ch dn TVGS cng ngh lp hng
8.3.1. Cc bc tin hnh cng ngh
Vic p dng cng ngh lp hng c tin hnh tun t theo nguyn tc:
- Ch to cc t dm trong Nh my hay xng cng trng
- c ti ch t Ko trn nh tr
- Lin kt tm thi khi Ko vi thn tr bng cc thanh thp cng cao
- B tr cc gi v b k tm thi bn di t Ko
- Lp t cn cu ln khi Ko, th ti v o bin dng
-

Thi cng mi ni keo dn gia cc t dm

- Di chuyn cn cu sau khi hon thnh mt t

- c t hp long gia cc phn kt cu nhp clp hng
- Lp phn kt cu nhp bin trn gio c nh

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

- c t hp long ni phn lp trn gio c nh vi phn lp

hng
- Ko cng b cp DL chu mmen dng trong lng hp
- Ko cng b cp DL ngoi
- Kim tra thng xuyn cao cc t lp xong cng nh cc nh hng ca s thay i nhit n bin dng kt cu trong sut qu trnh
thi cng. Cn c vo kt qu o bin dng hiu chnh mi ni t khi cn
thit
- Tho d cc b k tm thi bn di cc t Ko, h kt cu nhp ln cc gi
c nh.
8.3.2. Ch dn TVGS cng ngh ch to t c trong cng xng
c im k thut ca cng ngh lp hng ch yu theo tng ca
cng ngh lp ghp. i vi cu BTCTDL thi cng bng cng ngh lp hng,
cc t dm c trc ti cng xng s c vn chuyn n cng trng.
cc t dm c a n im lp rp nh h thng thit b vn chuyn
t trn tr v phn cu c thi cng trc v xe lp hng. thi cng
lp hng trc ht TVGS cn kim tra cc hng mc cng vic trong qu trnh
ch to t dm.
- Kim tra cht lng ch to cc t dm trong cng xng vi ni dung:
+ Kim tra phng php c t dm theo h thng vn khun s dng
(Longline hoc Short line)
+ Kim tra vng chc ca vn khun bo m kh nng khi s dng
lp li nhiu ln, km theo cng tc qun l hnh hc ca cc t c
+ Kim tra cng tc b tng bt u t thnh phn cp phi cc ct
liu ch to b tng v cng tc ly mu. Do t dm c cu to kiu dng
hp kn nn cng tc b tng phc tp, v vy phi ch cng tc m
b tng bo m va b tng dn u trong ton v tr ca tit din
+ Do c th cng ngh l lp hng cc t c c to vng trong
qu trnh ch to nn TVGS cn kim tra cht ch s liu o c cao trc
v sau khi b tng c c s so snh vi s liu thit k. Trong tr ng
hp nu c s khc bit ln v sai s cn phi iu chnh kp thi cho cc
t tip theo.
+ Trong trng hp b tng khng m bo ng nht, c ch ct liu
t ra km cht lng c th khc phc n bng cch s dng ct liu th kt
hp vi va SiKa vo cc v tr khuyt tt, sau tin hnh th nghim
Sonic, xc nh ng nht v tnh dnh bm ca 2 loi vt liu c v
mi.

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

8.3.3. Ch dn TVGS cng ngh lp hng

Nhn chung cng tc TVGS thi cng cu BTCT DUL bng cng ngh lp
hng cng theo nguyn tc chung ca cng ngh c hng. Tuy nhin mt s
vn k thut c s khc nhau gia c v lp cn c ch v TVGS
cn thc hin cng tc kim tra tng bc nh sau:
- Kim tra cng tc vn chuyn t dm t cng xng n cng trnh
ti v tr lp rp
- Kim tra vng chc ca h thng dn gio (xe lp) s dng
nng v vn chuyn t dm. n thit k ch to xe lp da trn yu
cu cc thng s k thut sau:
+ Chiu di t c
+ Trng lng nng ti a (> trng lng ca t c + cc my mc thit
b lin quan)
+ Trng lng xe lp
+ Tc dch chuyn
+ Tc nng
+ Chiu cao nng (thng thng 1,0 1,5 m/pht)
+ H s n nh khng ti ( thng thng > 1,5)
- Trc khi a xe lp vo s dng cn th ti cc thng s k thut vi cc
trng hp ti trng tnh v ti trng ng.
+ Ti trng tnh: Ti trng t dm x 1,25
+ Ti trng ng: Ti trng t dm x 1,1
- Kim tra cc phiu th nghim i vi cc loi vt liu ch yu dng
lp lin kt t dm bao gm:
+ Thanh thp cng cao
+ Cc ct ni v neo
+ Vt liu cht kt dnh Epoxy dng dn cc mt tip xc ca t
dm
- i vi vt liu cht kt dnh Epoxy cc th nghim sau y cn phi
thc hin:
+ Th nghim xc nh cng chu un v chng ct theo yu cu
vt liu
+ Th nghim xc nh thi gian ng cng ca cht kt dnh
- Kim tra trnh t lp ghp t dm bao gm:
+ Kim tra cng tc lm v sinh b mt tip xc ca t dm bo
m tnh kt dnh ca keo Epoxy
+ Kim tra s lng cc thanh thp cng cao c lun trc vo cc v tr
+ Kim tra cng tc vn chuyn t dm v nh v vo v tr cng nh
tnh hnh neo gi h ni trn sng

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Ch dn TVGS thi cng cu btng ct thp d ng lc bng cng ngh hng

+ Kim tra cng tc nng lp t dm, trc ht: Mc lin kt chc

chn gia t dm v xe lp, cc dy ti cng lm vic ng thi v ng
u
+ Kim tra cao ca t dm
+ Kim tra cng tc trn v bi cht kt dnh Epoxy bao gm: Thit b
trn, thi gian v tc trn, chiu dy lp Epoxy m bo t 1 2 mm
+ Kim tra cng tc cng ko cc thanh thp cng cao bao gm: Kch
cng ko, lc cng v gin di...
+ o c, kim tra cao ca cc t dm sau khi lp ti cc v tr
khng ch bng my o
. Thi im o cn c xc nh c th
trong ngy
- Sau khi o xong cao thc t, s cn thit phi so snh vi cao
theo n thit k. c bit trong trng hp c s sai lch ln (thp hn so
vi thit k, c th p dng bin php thay i vng trong qu trnh ch
to t dm khc phc cao thp)

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