ede utes poston halon teen Fanta ‘tt and Colin McCabe. Toe way io deal with an important prooss sich tg Epis decay ony feomradicuoas tn he deren mame wl Sem Ta 2 bln of cng nat he an of ec {fom Kata fo oye, The per canon of moran weld be the one ca Ered tari ion conincicon ni aon ee ‘iwcen tae ho tied to have the’ work intent Rr an thw a ‘sme fi the enson betwen Brecht an Joyce Wesson acon fine of mas lnertre wen moderns. 7 "Nose wont i sot be wed too fen. Bat dnt think woud dy Bre a meri eve te you Beech then sve ofthe problems neve entied Sita ne sartache of Th teaes Tete wits meta fuk ce faeaning category tha could inclu ay, sures Ur and tomehing ch Tai oat te common rus oak scone oad Comment _ fornia reentry of tre hen you ny ‘ae confit sats of moro nscale fannie oe part sre an then, wy fan oe ‘as ierfre once modernism abandons plat ual our cl fc moder ‘ny comeced wit econ I sed oo'ho lund ha can Soe) ap Moret can itis a stnemen off We lsd fo ar rs nor Bae ‘Satgeeincaning Bu fc ain ston cooened oy snd dae You et ‘Sat thoretene ground fry sense finy and doce, tate tty ‘nari You nr absolute right Risa chose weave to ake. ats SO'o seeders corny eat cua eveopen Toe po a ‘eat development, mash is modest on, aa be pt to ie by combining it Stir ios ve pon ha ron te ath Stn Butan a ‘ny sround for theircombitaton, would be a pity iit proves apo bee {her way you lve someting ta ould be vey apart Ean cre Fredri Jameson Cognitive Mapping Tam addressing» subject about which [know nothing whatsoever, except forte ft tht dors not exist. The desorption OF Tew asthe, ofthe call Tor, or is prodicuan=-these things are generally Aone by practicing aris wove manfetosaclae the originality they ope for intheir oa work, or by critics who think they already have before the es the stings and emergences ofthe recall new- Unfortunately, "can aim nether of those poston, and singe Tam not even sure how to imagine the kind of at wat to propose here etalon aims pos- ‘Shi tnay well be wondered what kindof tn operation this mle, produce the concept of something we cannot imagine Perhape all hi ist Kind of bind, in that something else wll rely be at stake have found mel blige, in arguing a a. thetic of ecgnitive mappa 1 pots substntal tour throug the eat themesanésnbbolth of poet Marien, tha to met does som possible thatthe athetie here may be Hide more than a pretext fr debating those theoretical and politcal issues So be In any cae, during this Marat ‘onferencel have equetl had he feeling that Lam one ofthe few Maras ich Ttakeit Ihave a cain responsibility to restate what soem to me to be few sdevident ths, but which you may se as quaint survivals of *eligous milenarian,slvtional form of bei aay case, {wat to forestall he misapprehension thatthe aesthetic I pan to outline is intended to dspace and fo supercede {whole rage of ter, aeady extant or possible and conceivable sestbetcs ff diferent kind. Arthas alvays done great many diferent things, and ad a grew many distinct and ineommensurble functions Tet I continue to'do all at-which i wil, in any eas, even in Utopia, But the very Dlurlim ofthe aesthetic suggests thas there shouldbe nothing particularly Fepressve n he alemps to renin ourslves and to revive experimentally ‘ne radtionl function of the aesthetic that hain our me Seen peclarly Depleted snd marginalize, if not intercted altogether. “To tach, to move, to dalight" of these taditional formulation of the uses of the Work of at the fist has virally been telipsed fom contemporary eric and theory. Vet the pedagopicalfune- fon ofa work of art seems in various forms to have been an inescapable Dlramter of ay coneevable Marist asthe, if of few otbers abd 115te great historical mest ofthe work of Darko Suvin to repeatedly ins tora more contemporary formalation of this ssthetc value, nthe Spe five slogan ofthe cognitive, which I have meade my own today. Bend Savin’ work, ofcourse thee stands the immense, yt now partly inst ‘ationalized and reed; example of Brecht hinsel (0 whom any cognitive Sete nour ine a rs py Rog And pers Tonger the theater but the poetry of Brecht thats for us sl he ieftabe ‘demonstration thal copnitive aft need not raise any ofthe od ers about {ie contamination of the aesthetic by propaganda rte instrumentation aul ay an progeny the meso the extras sey Dratieal) impulse, Brecht i a poetry of thinking and releton; yet no ‘Se mo Res been stunned bythe sculptural density of Brecht’ language Dy te sak simplicity with which a cotemplave distance from histonea Clem ts hee power sondentad ino the ancent frm of fal wisdom nd the prover in sentences ar compact ts peasants’ Wooden spoons and fowls wl any longer question the proposition that nis poetry at least= So cxcptionaly nthe whole hisiory of contemporary culture copie ‘esomesinand ofitel the immediate source of profound aesthetic delight. metion Brecht o foresal yet another misunderstanding, hat ‘twill in any sense bea question here ofthe etm to some older aeshei tven tht of Brest. And this is perhaps the moment to warn you that | {end to use the chargot word “representation” ina diferent way than it has ‘consistently been usd in poststrucraist or post Marust theory. namely, {the eynoaym of some Bad ideological and organic realism or mirage of feslistie unison, For me “representation” ie rater, te synor)m of “Sura” tel trexpetive ofthe ater’ historical and ideological orm, assume, therfore, in what follow, that all rms of aesthetic production onset shone way oF another inthe srgale with snd fr representation ‘nd his wheter they are pespectival or romp Pot iusionsor the most. fefleaive and daca, eonocarte or form-hreaking moderisms So, at Teast in my languag, the cal fo new Kinds of representation i not meant to imply the return to Balac or Brecht nor ist intended as some valori- zation of content over formset anather archaic disunetion Isl el is {dispensable and about whic Twill have more to sy srt inthe projet fora spatial analysis of culture that {have been ‘engage in sketching forthe caching situ hat preceded ths conference, Thave tried to suggest thatthe thre aston tages of capital have each {sneated a type of pace unigue fos, even though these te sages of | ‘apts space are obviously fr more profoundly intereated han are the ‘Spaces of eter modes f production. The tree types of space T have in ‘hind are sit the rest of scontinuogs expansions or quantum leaps in {he enlargement of capital, inthe Iaters penetration and colonization of | hitherto uncommodifed aris. You wil therfore note in pasing that & ‘tain unifying and totalizing fore is presupposed here—although tis not the Hegelian Absolute Spirit, no the party, nor Sain, but simply capital isc ad ition the strength ef sucha view that a radial Jsult fend of mine once publly accused me of monotheism. ti atleast certain that the notion of epi stands or fls With the notion of some united togie ‘ofthis social system ini that to a the stigmatize language Uw ‘ome back fo later that both ae recoveablytaaizng concep. Ae Fredric Jameson 1 have tried to deseo the Bist kind of space of clasial or suarket capi in terms of logic a the grid, a ronpniztion of sme de iceland heleropencous space into geome and Cartesian hom geneity a space of infinite equivalence and extension of which you can fits ind of dramatic or emblematic shorthand rereseataion in Fou. ‘ul’ oot on prisons. The example, however, requires the waring tat {Marsan view of such space arounds itn Taylonzation and the bor ater than in tat shadowy and mythial Fooeelt entity called rower" he emergence of this Mind of space will probably not lavalve problems o figuration so acute as toss we wil confront nthe ae stages ‘Steapialism, since hee, forthe moment, we wines that mila proces long ecrlyassocuted with the Enlightenment, namely, the Geral ‘ation of le word, the decoding and secularization of th oer fons of {he sacred o the transcendent, the slow cloniation of use value ty eX ‘ange vate, therenisbe™ ainsi of he older kings of tense ‘xt natives in novels lke Dow Qulveve the tandardinntion ofboth sb Jetand objet, the denatualzation of desire nd it ultimate celacement by commodication of n ther words, "succes" and $0 on, “he problems of gnaton that concer us wl only become ‘sible inthe net stage, the pasage fom markt to monopoly expt, oF that Lenin called the “sage'of impels’: and they may be conveyed by way of growing cotradiction freween lived experience aad struct, ar between phenomenological description of the he fan individual and 'more prpely structural model of the conditions of existence of that experience Too rapidly we can sy tha while inode seceties and perhape ven in the erly tages of marke capita, the immediate and limited perience ofindviduals is sil able vo encompass and eoineige with he tae conemic an socal Yorm thi govern that experienc, inthe next monient these wo kel rift ever further apart and eal bog o consti them ‘elves into that opposton the cascal alec describes ap Wesen and rocheinun, esence and appearance, srvtare end lived experience "At tis pint the phesomenolopcl experience of fe individual sabjectrtitionaly, the supreme raw mately of the work of art—be ‘comes limied toa tay corner ofthe sol wor a Bxedsamera view Of Stal tn of Landon oth county ovate Bat te fh that expetence no longer cones with the plac in wih takes ace ‘The truth hat Limited daly experience of London ls, eather, in Ina er Jamaica or Hong Kou i's bound up wth the whole colonial system ff the Brith Empire tat determines the very quality of te individu Subjective Ife, Yet those structural coordinates are no longer accesible to immediate ved apeene and ae olen not even concpuaiabl for There comes into being, thea situation in which we can sy ‘hat if individual experience is ahem, then it eannot be tue so tht ‘if scent or eogntve model o the samme content eu, then i exapes individual experience. tis evident tat hi nem stustion pose tremendous sd rippling problems fora work of rand Ihave argued that i asa Sttemp to ajdre this cicle and to lavent new and enborste formal sat (ies for overcoming this dilsmma that modernism or, prhape beter he ‘atious modersms as such emerge in forms that ingeribe a ew sense of ‘he absent otal colonia system onthe Very sytax of poetic language sel, 49anew ply ofabeene and presence ta its mos simplied willbe haunted Te ec and be titoved wit foreign plce ames, and 2 9 most ‘Miene il inveve the invention of emarige new languages and for ‘Aris poi I want to saloduceanotir concept that is ba tomy armen at al ae ply of extn Ths a esa tcgerel conep that supposes the oBvaus, namel ew an ‘nctmows pol reac are nace To any individual subject or cone Slourassenot evento Hep, et slone Crt Rhodes or Queen Vicor Shichi to ay tat thos fundamental reales are somehow ultimately Tnvepresntable oto use dhe Alhuserian phrase, are something like 3 lent cause, one tht can never emerge int the prsenee of perception ‘Yer hs beta case can find figures through wich to expres tell dlntoned and symbolic was indeed, one of our basic tasks as crue of Aernture fo tack down and make concep avaiable the altmate fraltorand experience drupe by thom fares which the rating mind [eviabiy tends to ely and fo read a primary contents her ow HNL ‘Since we nave evoke the modems moment ands lationship to the great new loa Cooma! network, vil give a fairy simple bak ‘Sectleed example of a Kind of gure spcife to this histor situation. Bfyone knows how, foward the end ofthe nineteenth entry a wide Tangy of wrters beg to snvet forma expres what {wil cal “monadi TRintvism In Ge and Conrad, in Femando Pesoa, in Pirandello a Ford and toa lesser exten in Henry James, even very obliquely n Prous tat we bein tse the sense nt cach conslounes ina eosed word tata ropresenation of terol ality now must ake the Grosse) firm ofs cacaiene of those sled sultive words and tr pect Interction, whi sin reat «pase of ships nthe nigh, cent ua Seven of est hans ha ts ver nat Te eye {ha emerges from this te formal practo i alle irony" and its ‘ropical ieolgy often takes the form of 4 vulgar appropriation of Eine Sis theory of rat In thi content, what t want to sugges is that {hese forms: whose contents generally that of privaied midale-asi ‘onedles sand s symptoms and ditoned expressions ofthe pnetee.on {Sven of middleclass Iv enperence by this stangenew soba relat) ‘State colonial network. The nei then the figure, however deformed snd Stoll even, ofthe ae: and I take hat is figural process ‘Stren cna in al ater temps to retucure the form of te work ‘Start accommodate content that mst radially resist and escape attic Fration This isso fr the ae of imperialism, how much more must it hold fr our own moment he momen of he ulinatonal network, of that Mandel cals “ate capitalism.” moment in which not merely the {de ly but even the atone teh ceased fo playa cena func {lon and forsale in proces that has anew quanto leap of apt Drodisously expanded beyond them, leaving them bend as rind aod rca enn of erie sages in the development f this mode of p= ‘ction, ‘A his pont Ielze tha he persuasivses of my demons tion depends on your having some fy "vid pereptal ste of what Unique and orginal in postmodernist space-sometning | have been ying {trconvey in my coun bu for nbich 8 more diflut hre wo subniate 350 ‘ashrtcu Brey, want sogest that the new space involves the suppres: ‘Son of dstance (inthe sense of Benjamin's aura) and the relents {avon of any remaining voids and empty places, to the point where the ‘pestmodn bod)~shetber wandering through a postmoder hotel locked Fo roeksound by means of headphones or undergone the multiple hocks pd bomiardmets ofthe Vieinam War at Michal Her conveys 0 ue {snow expoted (0 perceptual barrage of immediacy from which all shel. {ering layers and inlervening mediation have been removed. There are, of ‘couse, tan oter features this pace one Would ideally want wo comment ‘onmmst notably, Lefebre's concept of abstract space a what is sil {aneously homogeneous and fagmented—tut think thal the peculiar dis. ‘neatatien ofthe saturated space have Just mentioned wl be te men ‘fl guiding tres "You should understand that I ake such spatial peculiarities of postmodernism as symptoms and expressions of @ new and history [gin lemma, one tat involves our insertion as individual subject ins £Trultidimensonal st of radically discontinuous reaver, whose frames, ange fom the sl surviving spaces ofbourgeors private hi al the way fo the unimugaabledecenteing 0 loa expt ise Not even Ensteaian, ‘sti or the multiple subjective words ofthe older modest, ec fable of pving any kind of adequate Reuration to this process, whichis Fed experience maker ise fet bythe sald death of te subject, of, tore excl the fagmented and schizophrenic deceteing and dispersion ‘ofthis Tas (which ean longer even serve the function of the James feverberant or “point of view") And although you may not hae reid {tT am talking about practical polis here: since the ens of socaist ‘suenationalom, andthe enormous strates and tactel diel of co ‘rina local and grassoots of neighborhood polieal actions vith tinal or infernstional ones, sach urgent poiealcilemmas areal iame= ‘ately functions ofthe enormously complex new iterations space av omind Let me here inset an illustration, inthe frm of rif acount ofa book bat iT think, not known to many of you but in my opinion af the rete importance and suggestiveness for problems of space and pol ‘en The book i nonfiction, a hstrical narrative ofthe stele most Se tieant politcal experience of the American 1960s: Devout 1 Do Mind Dying. by Marvin Surkin and Dan Geotgais (I think we have now come tobe sopnsticsted enough to understand that sexe, Formal ana Fauve andes have implications tat fa transcend those obecs marked {sfcton ora erature) Det isastudy ofthe nse and fal ofthe League ‘of Black Kevolutonsry Worker ia that ity in heat 1960 The pola ‘mation in question nas able to conquer power in te Workplace partic lary in the automobile factoces drove a substantial wedge into the ‘media abd informational monopoly of te city by way ofa student sews: ‘Paper teecied judges; and nally i cae within a airs breadth of ting the mayor and taking over the cy power apparatus. This was, of course, a emarkble plial achievement characterized by an exceeding 20: Distt seze of the neod fora imullevelstisegy for revolution est Involved intatives onthe distinct socal levels af the labor pros, the ‘media and culture, the juridical apparatus, and electoral poliies,Yetit is quay clar—and fir dearer invita wiumps ofthis ‘kind wan in he cle stags of nexphborbos palies—that such stacey ‘Eten cto woe rm nde oe fe canons Stonaths ofthe superstate and its federal contain es inthe evident ‘EicStunatsbeteeen cy, sat, and dere power i you cannot make Socialism in oe covmiys how much more devisory, he, are the prospects FBrsocalsn in ne cy inthe United Sates today? Tndeed, ur foreign ‘store may ot besware tha here exist in this county four o ive socalit ommnes aca oa of which, in Santa Crum, Calor, 1 ied unl rx Ent noone would want fo bette these loa sbecesees, but it seem frobable tat ew au think of them asthe st dessive sep toward the ‘anton to socials you cannot bul socialism in one cy, then suppose you cpa: auer a whol srs of lange ey urban centr in foccosson. Tia i what {he Ling or back Revolutonary Worker bean to thnk abou, att {o ey hey began fo fs hat ther movement wat & pola model tod ‘agit ote sencraliable. The problem tha rcs pata how to develop {atonal plea! movement on the basso city sttenY and pole, ‘Atay rate the leadeahip ofthe League tpi fo prea the Word fn ober ‘ie and traveled to aly and Swede to rudy workers strategies there Sad to explain thelr wn model resprocal on paics came to ‘Dero to investigate te new sategis. A this pati ught to be cleat {at we ae in he middle of he problem of presentation, nt the af it boing inal by the appearance of that ominous American word eade frahip® Ina more gencal way, however, these ips were more than et ‘Torng making cotacs, spreading information hey raised the problem ‘ttow fo representa unis local ol and experienc: to pele nother Situations Sot wat ogi fr te wg to make a fim of thaexperence, nda very fine ad een fm te ‘somal dicontiauitia, however, are more devious and dilee tical, and they are not overcome in any of the mst obvious ways, For ‘tatple they returned on the Detroit experienc a some ultimate limit ‘fore which i colpsed What happen wat tt he Jee-seting militants tthe League had tozome media sur pt only were hey becoming aia: Sted from thei oclconsvenci, bt, wore than that, nobody Sayed Home t mind the store Having aceded to a lng spatial lan, te bese ‘anshed under them and with ths te most suo socal revoltonary ‘xperiment of hat ich ole! decade inthe United States cameo aay ‘Sndramati end. do ot want to say that It eft no traces bein, since & ‘umber of oc gine emai, and inany ens every rch poicalexpermeat ‘Sontnuss to feed the adiion in underpround ways. Most onic i out ontex, however, is the very success of tei fare: the representation {he mode of tis complex spatial dalectio—tivmphantly survives in the {rm of fim and a boc, but inthe process of becoming an image and a ‘petal, the referent soot to have Gitpeare, ss 50 many people emt Bobord io Boudrilard always warned us ft would, Ye this very example may serve to llusrat the proposition hat successful patil representation today noed not be some uplifting sols Fast crane of revolutionary tlumpa but may be equally inscribed i 3 arate of dla, which sometimes, even more efectvely, causes the whole lrchitectonie of postmodern ploba space oie up in ghosl protle behind Fredric Jameson itself some ultima dialed! barrier or invisible imi. This example somayhaveglven litle mare meaning the logan of cognitive mapping fo whieh now tum Tam tempted 1 describe the way I understand this conept 28 somethirg ofa synthesis between Althusier and Kevin Lynch formule fin that to be Sure, doesnot tell you mich unless You know tht Lynch isthe author ofa clasie werk, The Image ofthe Cit. which i tam ‘paved the whole fowleelvubisciline tha toda takes the pase “com. ve mpping ats vn designation Lyncs problematic remains locked ‘thin the miso phenomenology, and hs book san no doubt be subjected {many enlss on its own terms (not the lest of whic i the abeence ‘Stany aacepion of pola agency or hintorel proces). My use of ths ‘ook wil be emblematic since the mental map of ety space explored by Ea i be exo fo tat mental ay ofthe sol nd bl ‘on te downtowns of Boston, Jesey Ci, and Lon Angeles, and by means bfintevews and qustionnaie in which subjects we asked To draw theit Sy content om memory, Lynch suguest that urban alienation i ieey froportienal tothe menial tnmapabiity of local cityscapes A sity He Boston, the, with its monumental perspectives, ts markers and moa ‘ment tscombination of grand but simple spatial forms, including dramatic toundares suchas the Chaves River, not only allows poop t have thai imaginations, a generally sucessful and contiauogs ovation to the "tof the it but in adiuon gies them someshing ofthe feesom and ‘sestieticpratfcation of traditional city form Thave alvays been suck bythe na in which Lynch's conception of city expentnce—ibe dialectic between the here and now of immediate Perception andthe imaginalive of imaginary sense ofthe city a an sbsen {otaliy—oresents something ke a spatial analogue of Althusser's great for ‘mulation of ideology ise athe Imaginary representation athe sie s ‘elaonshipto his or her Real conditions of exstence.” Whatever defets nd proiems, this postive conoption of ideology sea ncteary function in any form of social ile has the great merit of suesing the gap between the local postoning of the individual subject andthe totality of dass suc {ures in which he or she situated, a gap between pheaomenclopea pet pti znd a velit that transcends all indvadual thinking or experience bts ifelogy as such, attempts to span or coordinate to map By means ‘feonscnus and unconscious representations. The conception a cognitive ‘mapping proposed here therefore involves an extraplation of Lynch's spa tal anafjss to te ream of soil sractur, tat eto ss, in our historical ‘moment to the tty of clas relations on loal (or should 1 sty tl Unationa) sale The secondary premises also maintained, armel, thst the incapacity fo map socaly i as crpping to poitel experience the ‘analogous incapacity to map spatially efor urtan experience. It flows that an aatete of cognitive mapping in thie sens ean integral arto any soci political pret. ‘Tn what ha preceded Ihave nfinged so many ofthe taboos and stibbolens of fadlsh postMaraim tha t becomes necessary to Gres them mre opealy and diecdy before proceeding. They acide the prop: ‘ition tat elas no longer exists (a proposition that might be clans by ‘he simp distinction between class as an element in small-scale models ofsaiety, class consciousness cltural event and class analsisasa mental ‘operation the iden that thi tosety ino longer motored by production ‘ut rather reproduction (including elece and technology) dea tha {nthe midst of virally compleey but environment, one is empted {est with laughter and, nally, the repudiation of reprewnttion sd the ‘Sigmatzation ofthe concept of tualty and of the project of totalizing ‘thought. Praccal hele neds to be sorted into several trent prope ‘sldone—in particular, one having fo do wth caps and one having to ‘So with saci or communism, The Freach noweaue philosopher sat Atmos exccincty, without reaiing that they were reproducing © rine ‘enting the Roariest American ideological slogans ofthe old war" ‘hough ie ttatarian thowghs'@ det Kae runs from Hepes Absolute ‘Spinto Stabs Gulag. 'At a mater of selFindulgence, I will open a brief theoretical {lead experienced a dramatic and insructive meltdown of te Altus: Sesan reactor in the work of Barry Hindess and Paul Hist, who quite ‘onseauenuy observe ihe incompatiliy of the Althuseian attempt 19 Scure semiautonomy forthe various levels of social if andthe more ‘expert effort ofthe same pillosopher to retin the old orthodox notion ‘fan “ultimately determining instance inthe form of what he calls "suc {ural otlty” Quite logically and consequent, thea, Hindess and Hist imply remove the offending mechanism, whereupon the Alussean ede ‘fe collaees nto rubble oF aionomous instances without any Felsonshp to each olher whatsoever-at which poit i follows that one {an no longer tak about or daw practi political consequenes from any Sonorption of socal structure; hat eto sa, the very coneptons of some- {hing elle cptalism and something called socal or commons al fhe owa weight ato the ash can of History. (This ast of enue, then ‘Vanishes in pulf of smoke, since by the sume token nothing lke History {01 total process can any longer be conceptually entertained) AllT Wanted {fo poiat cut in tie high thoorecal contest thatthe baleful equation been 2 philosophical coneption of totality apd a poiveal practice of splarniam ela arly ope example of wat Ate cal SCapressive uml,” namely, the colapsing of wo semuautonomous (or, ‘now, downright atonomous) level into one another. Such an equaton, {hen, is posnble for unreconsructed Hepelans but is quite incompatible ‘wth th Basie postions of any honest pos-altusserian post Maris, “To lose the parenthos, alla ts can be said in move ea. terms, The conception of capita is admittedly a totalizing or systemic com ptt no one has ever seen or met the thing Helis he the result of Slenuie eduction (and t should be obvious that slate thinking always, feduces the mulplity ofthe el to a smallscale model or the fark of fn imaglaary and dealopcal vision. But let us be serious, anyone who ‘aves thatthe profit mative and te log of capital accumulation aren the fundamental levs of this world who believes that these do not set lbwoutebarers and histo social changes and transformations under {ken in -auch a perion fs iving In am aerate universe; o, to put ‘more politely, thie enivere such a person assuming he or she i pro treive—in doomed to socal democracy. with is now abundantly docu ‘ented weamil of fares and caitlaons. Because if capital doesnot ‘exist, the leseysocilim doesnot exist either, am fer fom suggesting {faa ptr at a's posublein hie new post. Mandan Nietschean world ‘bf mieropoliies—that f observably untrue. But |'do want to argue that out seocepion of the seca oat and the possiblity of ansform: Inga whcle social syst), no properly soialit poles s possible. ‘About socialism tif we mst raise more roubling and unsolved emma hat involve the ntion of community or the coletve. Some af the ciemmas are very fair, such asthe conadicton beween sel management on the Teal fvel and planning onthe global sae: or the froblemernied by the ablion of the market, at to mention the aboliion BPine commodity orm ise 1 have vouad even more stimulating and jlemacal tbe fllowieg propsiins about the very nature of sly [felt ths been affrmed tat, with one signal exception (aptalism ise, ‘whichis crpanized around an economic mechansin), tere as never existed irantendence or religion, Without trate force, whichis never but a mo" mentary soltion, people cannot inthis vein be asked to live cooperatively {Into renounce the omnivorous desires of the id without some appeal Feigious biter transcendent values, something absaetlyincompatibe ‘oth any soncevable soctlist society. The result is hat these as achieve Their owe momentary cobereace only under seige circumstances, ithe Wrertime eatusiam aed group efort provoked by the peat ockadee. Ia ‘ther words, without the nontranscendet economic mechanism of capital, I sppeas o moral incetives (sin Ce) orto the primacy of the ola {sin Mooism) mus fay exhaust themes ina be ime aving ony the twin deratives ofa return to capitalism er the constuction ofthis oF that modern form of “orental despotism." Vou ae ceanly welcome bleve tis progoais, provided you understand that in sucha case a cil poliic is sly a mirage and waste of ime, which ose might ‘ater spend adjusting and reforming an etemal capitalist landscape as far asthe eye cam see Inreaiy this dilemma isto my mind, the most urgent ak hat ‘confonts Marssm today. T have said before thatthe soled cris “Marsimis not rss n Marxist scence, which hs nover been richer, Bu Inthor eas i Marxist deology I teologyto give ia somewhat ferent detnition is vision ofthe fare tat ris the masses, we have 10 ‘admit they save in afew ongoing cllcive experiments, such as hase in Gata and in Yugoslavia, no Marist or Scilit party or movement an) ‘where ha the sightest conception of what socialism or communism as Social sysem ought tobe and canbe expected to look like. That vision wil ‘ot be prey economic, although the Marxist economists are as decent fr the fet of ur in therfore to sdrem ths Utopian problem in sn Sesto my, Iisa well supremely socal and altura, involving the task ‘fying imagine how &sotty thot hierarchy, a society of re people, {oat hat hs at once repudiated the economic mechanisms oe mar ‘et can ossibly cobere- Historically all forms of hierarchy have aways ‘bxn ac ultimately on gender hierarchy end onthe bung bck ofthe fSmily rit which makes clear hat this the trac juncture Between 8 feminist problematic and a Marsstone~not an antagonistic juncture, bt the moment at which the feminist project and the Marist and vocalist ‘rojeet moet and face the same dilemma how to imagine Utops‘Returning 10 the begining of tis lengthy excusus,it seems unlikely tha anyone who repudiates the concept of totality can have any thing useful to say to ws on this matter, sine for such persons iis cle that he totalizing vslon of socials wil ot compute snd false probe trhin the saadorn and uadeciable world of mitogroups. Or pethaps ate Uber possibilty suggests sel, namely, that our Gueatistacton with the ‘onoept of totaly no a thought in ss own ght but ater a sigalicant Symplom, a function ofthe snceasing aes In thnking of such aS ‘Timerrltionsie in» complicated society. This would seen at es, ‘be the implication of the remark ofthe Team X ache Alo van EY, ‘wen, in 1966, he asad is version of the death of modernism hess "We Know nothing of vast multipiestywe cannot come to frm with #t—noh 45 architects or planners or anybody els" To which be added, and the ‘que can easly be extrapolated from architecture fo social change see ‘SSWir Society bas no for—how can architects build its counterfora?™ "You wil be sieved to know that a his pot we ean rer ‘oth o my own conclusion and to the problem of aesthetic representation and copaive mapping, which was the pretext of his esa). The project of ogalve mapping obviously stands or fs wh the conception of some (Gteepesenabe imaginary) global socal totality tht was to have been tapped. Ihave spoken of form and content, an this hal distinction will Allow me atleast to say something about an aesbeic of which T have fbierved thet Tam, mel absautly incapable of guesing oF imagining {ts form. Tat postboderisn gives us ins and examples of such cognitive ‘mapping onthe level of contents believe, demonsirble have spoken sewhere ofthe turn toward thematics of me- chanical reproduction, ofthe way in which the atoreferentality of much ‘fpostmodernist art takes the form of lay with eproducive technology ‘im, tapes, vdeo, computers and the ie—vhich stom} mind a dogged ‘gute ofthe peat multinational pace that remains o be cognitively mapped Fly as striking on another Ive i the omnipresence ofthe theme of ate anoia a it express sein a seemingly inexhaustible production af com ‘aray plots ofthe mort claborste Hinds. Conspiracy, one i tempted to fy, the poor persons copritive mapping in the ponimoder age 18 4 ‘earaded gue of the tol loge of late eal, 4 espesteaterpt represent te late’ system, whose file is mabked by it sppage into ‘her theme and conten. “Achieved copitive mapping will bea mater of frm, and 1 hope {have showa how it wil bean integral part of socialist polls, though lis own possiblity may well we dependent on Some por poltal opening, ‘which Hs task would thn be to enlarge clturally. Seven if we cnt [imagine the productions of such an fest, there may, nonetheless, at ‘withthe vey idee of Utopia stb something postive in the atempt oop alive the posiility of imagining such a thine Fredric Jameson