TLS Kaylene Camuti PDF

Clay Minerals, Alteration
&
Terrys pH-Temperature Table
Kaylene Camuti
Lantana Exploration Pty Ltd
Additional data provided by:
Greg Corbett - Corbett Geological Services
Jane Harvey, Juli Hugenholtz & Doug Young - ActivEX Limited
Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008
Clay Minerals, Alteration

&
Terrys pH-Temperature Table
Kaylene Camuti
Lantana Exploration Pty Ltd
Additional data provided by:
Greg Corbett - Corbett Geological Services
Jane Harvey, Juli Hugenholtz & Doug Young - ActivEX Limited
Common Alteration Mineralogy in Hydrothermal Systems
Skarn
Potassic
Propylitic
Outer Propylitic
Phyllic
Argillic
Advanced Argillic
Terry Leach 1995

Temperature - K activity Diagram

500
100 MPa
Quartz Present
Andalusite
400
Pyrophyllite
300
Muscovite
K-Feldspar
Dickite at
higher temps
200
Kaolinite
Illite at lower
temps
100
3
log(aK+/aH+)
(from Inoue, 1995, after Sverjensky et al., 1991)
Outline
Why identify alteration minerals & assemblages?
Characteristics of alteration minerals & assemblages illustrated in the pHtemperature table
Using the table to interpret alteration minerals.
Why identify alteration minerals?
The chemistry and structure of alteration minerals are a response to their

conditions of formation so the minerals and mineral assemblages provide
information on hydrothermal conditions.
The minerals typically occur in zones that reflect changing conditions of

formation.
The recognition of alteration mineral zoning can help identify hydrothermal fluid
channelways and may provide vectors to mineralisation.
Low Sulphidation Systems
Corbett & Leach
High Sulphidation Alteration - Summitville
smectite-chlorite
zone
illitekaolinite
zone
unaltered
quartz
latite
quartzalunite
zone
vuggy
mineralised
quartz
chlorite-rich
smectite-rich
illite-rich
quartz-alunite rich
kaolinite-rich
(adapted from Steven & Ratte, 1960, in Hayba et al., 1985)
Characteristic
Alteration Minerals & Assemblages
Some alteration minerals or alteration assemblages are characteristic of

particular temperature & fluid pH conditions.
The pH temperature table has been subdivided into alteration types with
diagnostic mineral assemblages.
Argillic
Propylitic
pH ~ 4 - 6
pH ~ 6 +
Advanced
Argillic
pH < 4
Phyllic
pH ~ 5 - 6
Potassic
pH ~ 7 +
Terry Leach 1995
Silicate Alteration Minerals - characteristics
increasing temperature
increasing fluid pH
silica minerals
kaolin minerals
illite smectite
chlorite minerals
Si +/- H2O
Al, Si, OH
K, Al, Mg, Fe, Si, OH
Fe, Mg, Al, Si, OH
poorly crystalline
H2O
H2O
H2O
quartz
Si
pyrophyllite
epidote + amphibole
minerals
Al, Si, OH
crystalline
muscovite
Ca, Fe, Mg, Al, Si, OH
K, Al, Mg, Fe, Si, OH

biotite
andalusite
K, Fe, Mg, Al, Si, OH
Al Si
pyroxene
Ca, Mg, Fe, Si
Using the table to interpret alteration assemblages

in mineral exploration
XRD Summary Results HS System - table

Minerals
20
21
22
major-dom
major
weak
trace
?
trace
minor
Illite
major
major
weak trace?
Hydrated Illite
major
Pyrophyllite
Kaolin Group
23
major
Chlorite
major
trace-minor?
major
trace?
minor(major)
dom
Quartz
dom
major-dom
dom
dom
trace
minor
Pyrite
minor
minor
trace
minor
minor
Tourmaline
minor
Rutile
trace?
Feldspars
trace?
26
major
major
Diaspore
25
trace
ML IlliteSmect
Alunite Group
24
major
dom
minormajor
trace
trace?
minor
trace
- minor
trace?
PIMA list of alteration minerals

Sample ID
Sample
Type
Description
Mineral 1
Mineral 2
DB001A
Outcrop
Fine gr'd porphyry? pale brown alteration
Kaolinite
Dickite
DB001B
Outcrop
Fine-gr'd porphyry? very pale alteration, sparse hematite microfractures
Dickite
Kaolinite
DB003A
Outcrop
Very pale clay altered
Dickite
Kaolinite
DB003B
Outcrop
Very pale clay altered
Dickite
Kaolinite
Topaz
DB003C
Outcrop
Very pale, clay altered
Dickite
Kaolinite
(trace Topaz)
DB004A
Outcrop
Pink porphyry, sericite altered
Sericite
Kaolinite
DB004C
Outcrop
Pink porphyry, sericite altered
Sericite
Kaolinite
DB005A
Outcrop
Felspar Porphyry, east of silica zone, pink with sericite
Sericite
Kaolinite
DB005B
Outcrop
Felspar Porphyry, east of silica zone, pink with sericite
Sericite
DB006A
Quarry
Very fine-gr'd porphyry, pink
Sericite
Kaolinite
DB006B
Quarry
Pale clay altd volcanic(?) with local ferruginous stain
Kaolinite
(trace Sericite)
DB006C
Quarry
Pale green altd fragmental(?) volcanic
Sericite
Kaolinite
BM1001D
Outcrop
Silicified Qtz porphyry? Pinky-grey with diss hematite spots
Kaolinite
Pyrophyllite
BM1001E
Outcrop
Qtz Porphyry? Very red, fine-grained siliceous
Alunite
Kaolinite
BM1002A
Outcrop
Fine-gr'd Porphyry? Red alteration (Fine-grained, hard)
Kaolinite
Alunite
BM1002B
Outcrop
Fine-gr'd Porphyry? Pink-Red alteration (hard)
Pyrophyllite
Kaolinite
BM1003B
Outcrop
Outcrop at top (v rocky), pale alteration with yell-brown coating
Alunite
Kaolinite
BM1003C
Outcrop
Outcrop at top (v rocky), pale alteration with yell-brown coating
Alunite
Kaolinite
BM1004A
Outcrop
Fine-gr'd Porphyry? Pale grey, fine-grained, hard, with hematite

fractures
Smectite
Mineral 3
Topaz
Pyrophyllite
Drill Log - descriptive

From
To
Style
Int
Description
21.5
24.7
Weakly disseminated KFs alteration with locally developed moderate Chl.
24.7
32.6
Weakly disseminated KFs alteration with locally developed moderate Chl.
39.7
40.8
Pervasive strong Chl replacing KFs & Hblende
83
83.5
Strong Chl and Ser - texturally destructive
83.8
89.3
Strong clay alteration of primary KFs.

Local disseminated pink secondary KFs.
153.2
160.2
Pervasive dark green Chlor alteration.
XRD Summary Results HS System

Minerals
20
21
22
major-dom
major
weak
trace
?
trace
minor
Illite
major
major
weak trace?
Hydrated Illite
major
Pyrophyllite
Kaolin Group
23
major
Chlorite
major
trace-minor?
major
trace?
minor(major)
dom
Quartz
dom
major-dom
dom
dom
trace
minor
Pyrite
minor
minor
trace
minor
minor
Tourmaline
minor
Rutile
trace?
Feldspars
trace?
26
major
major
Diaspore
25
trace
ML IlliteSmect
Alunite Group
24
major
dom
minormajor
trace
trace?
minor
trace
- minor
trace?
20

Minerals
20
21
22
major-dom
major
weak
trace
?
trace
minor
Illite
major
major
weak trace?
Hydrated Illite
major
Pyrophyllite
Kaolin Group
23
major
Chlorite
major
trace-minor?
major
trace?
minor(major)
dom
Quartz
dom
major-dom
dom
dom
trace
minor
Pyrite
minor
minor
trace
minor
minor
Tourmaline
minor
Rutile
trace?
Feldspars
trace?
26
major
major
Diaspore
25
trace
ML IlliteSmect
Alunite Group
24
major
dom
minormajor
trace
trace?
minor
trace
- minor
trace?
20
21

Minerals
20
21
22
major-dom
major
weak
trace
?
trace
minor
Illite
major
major
weak trace?
Hydrated Illite
major
Pyrophyllite
Kaolin Group
23
major
Chlorite
major
traceminor?
major
trace?
minor(major)
dom
Quartz
dom
major-dom
dom
dom
trace
minor
Pyrite
minor
minor
trace
minor
minor
Tourmaline
minor
Rutile
trace?
Feldspars
trace?
26
major
major
Diaspore
25
trace
ML IlliteSmect
Alunite Group
24
major
dom
minormajor
trace
trace?
minor
trace
- minor
trace?
20
22
21
?
23
2026
22
21
High Sulphidation Alteration - Summitville
smectite-chlorite
zone
illitekaolinite
zone
unaltered
quartz
latite
quartzalunite
zone
vuggy
mineralised
quartz
chlorite-rich
smectite-rich
illite-rich
quartz-alunite rich
kaolinite-rich
(adapted from Steven & Ratte, 1960, in Hayba et al., 1985)
Blairmore Demonbanga
Alteration Minerals from PIMA study
Alunite
Pyrophyllite
Dickite
Kaolinite
Diaspore
Topaz
Sericite
Illite-Smectite
Smectite
The minerals occur in a variety of assemblages.
pyrophyllite-alunite
kaolinite-pyrophyllite-topaz
pyrophyllite-kaolinite-diaspore
dickite-kaolinite-topaz
sericite-kaolinite
montmorillonite-kaolinite
dickite
alunite
1
1.
Porphyry high
sulphidation systems
2.
Structural & lithological

high sulphidation
systems
2c
2a
2b
2a. Silica Core

2b. Deep peripheral zones
2c. Shallow peripheral
zones
3. Descending cool acid

sulphate fluids

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Clay Minerals, Alteration

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Clay Minerals, Alteration

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Common Alteration Mineralogy in Hydrothermal Systems

Terry Leach 1995

Temperature - K activity Diagram

(from Inoue, 1995, after Sverjensky et al., 1991)

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Why identify alteration minerals & assemblages?

Characteristics of alteration minerals & assemblages illustrated in the pHtemperature table

Using the table to interpret alteration minerals.

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Why identify alteration minerals?

The chemistry and structure of alteration minerals are a response to their

The minerals typically occur in zones that reflect changing conditions of

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Low Sulphidation Systems

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Corbett & Leach

High Sulphidation Alteration - Summitville

(adapted from Steven & Ratte, 1960, in Hayba et al., 1985)

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Some alteration minerals or alteration assemblages are characteristic of

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Terry Leach 1995

Silicate Alteration Minerals - characteristics

K, Al, Mg, Fe, Si, OH

Fe, Mg, Al, Si, OH

Ca, Fe, Mg, Al, Si, OH

K, Al, Mg, Fe, Si, OH

K, Fe, Mg, Al, Si, OH

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Using the table to interpret alteration assemblages

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

XRD Summary Results HS System - table

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

PIMA list of alteration minerals

Fine gr'd porphyry? pale brown alteration

Fine-gr'd porphyry? very pale alteration, sparse hematite microfractures

Very pale clay altered

Very pale clay altered

Very pale, clay altered

Pink porphyry, sericite altered

Pink porphyry, sericite altered

Felspar Porphyry, east of silica zone, pink with sericite

Felspar Porphyry, east of silica zone, pink with sericite

Very fine-gr'd porphyry, pink

Pale clay altd volcanic(?) with local ferruginous stain

Pale green altd fragmental(?) volcanic

Silicified Qtz porphyry? Pinky-grey with diss hematite spots

Qtz Porphyry? Very red, fine-grained siliceous

Fine-gr'd Porphyry? Red alteration (Fine-grained, hard)

Fine-gr'd Porphyry? Pink-Red alteration (hard)

Outcrop at top (v rocky), pale alteration with yell-brown coating

Outcrop at top (v rocky), pale alteration with yell-brown coating

Fine-gr'd Porphyry? Pale grey, fine-grained, hard, with hematite

Lantana Exploration - TLS Oct 2008

Drill Log - descriptive

Weakly disseminated KFs alteration with locally developed moderate Chl.

Weakly disseminated KFs alteration with locally developed moderate Chl.