Q T-1

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Cc ht pht ra t Mt Tri

(Tng im: 10)

Photon pht ra t b mt ca Mt Tri v ntrino t li ca Mt Tri c th cho chng ta bit thng tin v
nhit ca Mt Tri v khng nh rng Mt Tri pht sng l do cc phn ng ht nhn.
Trong bi ton ny, khi lng ca Mt Tri c ly l
, sn ca Mt Tri (nn ln bc x tron
, v hon cch t Mt Tri n Tri t,

, bn nh ca Mt Tri l
t n v thi ian) l,
.

Ghi ch:

constant

constant

constant

A Bc x t Mt Tri :
A1

Gi thit rng Mt Tri bc x nh

mt Mt Tri.

t vt en tuyt i. S dng gi thit ny tnh nhit

ca b

0.3

Ph ca bc x Mt Tri c th c m t gn n bn nh lut phn b ien. Theo , nn lng

ca Mt Tri chiu n b mt Tri t, trong mt n v thi gian trong mt n v tn s, l:
exp
vi

l din tch b

l tn s v

t vun

c vi phn ca bc x ti.

By i, ta xt t t pin Mt Tri c cu to bi mt a ng lm bng vt liu bn dn, c din tch

, t vun c vi phn ca cc tia sn t Mt Tri chiu ti.
A2

Dng nh lut gn n Wien, hy biu th cng sut bc x ton phn

ca pin mt tri, theo ,
,
, s v cc hng s c bn , , .

A3

Hy biu th s photon
s ca bc x, theo ,

in

ca Mt Tri chiu n b mt

i ti b mt ca pin mt tri trong mt n v thi gian, trong mt n v tn

, s v cc hng s c bn , , .

0.3
0.2

Vt liu bn dn ca pin Mt Tri c rng di c l . Gi thit hnh sau y. Mi photon c

nn lng
kch thch mt electron vt qua di cm. Electron ny n p nn lng bng ,
vo nn lng hu ch u ra, phn nn lng cn li b tiu tn di dng nhit ( hn c chuyn
thnh nn lng hu ch).
A4

t
,

vi
. Hy biu th cn sut ra hu ch
.
s v cc hng s c bn , ,

A5

Hy biu th hiu sut

A6

V phc th nh tnh s ph thuc ca vo

ca
ti
v
l bao nhiu?

A7

Gi
ca

A8

rn di c
tri silic.

ca pin Mt Tri theo

l i tr ca
ng vi
trong phm vi sai s

out

ca pin

, ,

1.0
0.2

. Ch r cc gi tr ca

ti

cc i. T phn trnh bc ba xc nh
. Sau tnh
.

ca silic tinh hit l

t tri, theo

e . Dn

. dc

. Hy c ln

i tr ny tnh hiu sut,

Si ,

i tr

ca pin

Cui th th 19, Kelvin v Helmholtz (KH) a ra t i thuyt v n un c pht sn ca Mt Tri.

Hai ng cho rn , ban u Mt Tri c cu to bi t
y vt cht rt ln c hi ln
v hi

1.0
1.0
0.2

Q T-1
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ln rin rt b. Mt Tri co li lin tc theo thi ian. S pht sn ca Mt Tri do vy c n un c t s
ii phn th nn hp dn do s co li ch ca n.
A9

Ta i s t vt cht tron Mt Tri l n nht. Hy t

thi i hin ti, theo G,
v
.

th nn hp dn ton phn

ca Mt Tri

A10

Hy c tnh hon thi ian ln nht c th, H (tnh ra n ), m Mt Tri chiu sn , theo i
thuyt ca H. Coi rn sn ca Mt Tri hn i tron sut thi ian .

0.3
0.5

Gi tr H thu c trn hn ph hp vi t qu tnh ton tui ca h Mt Tri t cc t qu n hin

cu thin thch. iu ny chn t n un c nn ln Mt Tri khng th ch l nn ln hp dn.
B Ht ntrino t Mt Tri:
Nm 1938, Hans Bethe xut gi thuyt rng phn ng tng hp ht nhn hidro thnh heli trong li ca Mt
Tri chnh l ngun gc nn lng ca Mt Tri. Phn ng ht nhn l:
Ht ntrino electron, , c to ra t phn ng ht nhn trn c th c coi l khng c khi lng.
Chng thot ra khi Mt Tri, v vic pht hin ra chng trn Tri t khn nh rng phn ng ht nhn
xy ra bn trong Mt Tri. Nn ln
ntrino an theo hi i ra hi Mt Tri c b qua trong bi
ton ny.
B1

Hy tnh t thn ln ,
, ca s ht ntrino n Tri t, theo n v
s . Nn lng gii
phng ra trong phn ng trn l
. Gi thit rn nn ln bc x bi Mt Tri c
n un c hon ton t phn n ny.

0.6

Trn n di chuyn t li Mt Tri n Tri t, t s ntrino electron

b chuyn i thnh t s
loi ntrino khc. Hiu sut ca u thu pht hin bn 1/6 hiu sut pht hin . Nu hn c
s chuyn i ntrino, ta d in thu c trun bnh
ntrino tron t n .
Tuy nhin, do c s chuyn i ntrino, thc t
v ).
B2

B3

Tnh t phn

ca

b chuyn i san

, theo

i n
v

ta thu c trun bnh

ntrino (bao

0.4

c th thu c ntrino, u thu c ch thc ln v cha y nc. Mc d tn tc ca ntrino vi

vt cht l rt hi , nhn i hi chn vn l bt cc electron ra hi phn t nc tron u thu. Cc
electron c nn ln cao ny chuyn n tron nc vi tc rt ln, v pht ra bc x in t. Chn
no tc ca electron ny ln hn tc ca nh sn tron nc (c chit sut ), th bc x ny
c pht ra theo hnh nn (bc x ny c i l bc x Cherenkov).
Gi s rng electron, sau khi b ntrino lm bt ra, mt nn lng vi tc khng i tron
t n v
thi gian khi di chuyn tron nc. Nu electron ny pht ra bc x Cherenkov trong thi gian , hy xc
nh nn ln ( i parted
ntrino truyn cho electron ny theo , , n, e v . (Gi thit rn
electron trn thi n yn trc hi tn tc vi ntrino).

2.0

Phn n ht nhn tn hp H thnh He tron lng Mt Tri xy ra qua t s bc. Ht nhn Be (c

hi ln n h
) c sinh ra t tron cc bc trung gian ny. Sau , n c th hp th t
electron to ra ht nhn i (c hi ln n h
<
) v pht ra t e . Phn n ht nhn tn
n l:

Khi ht nhn Be
trn thi n yn v hp th t electron cn trn
thi n yn, th ntrino pht ra c nn ln
. Tuy nhin, cc ht nhn
chuyn
n nhit hn lon do nhit c li ca Mt Tri v c tc dn nh nhn n un di n pht ra
ntrino. t qu l nn ln ca cc ntrino pht ra thn in vi i tr cn qun phn (rms)
.
B4

Nu
(Gi :

, hy tnh tc cn qun phn

Be ca ht nhn Be, v sau c tnh
ph thuc vo i tr cn qun phn ca thnh phn vn tc dc theo phn quan st).

2.0