TOOLS

We have used two tools in this study to measure the memory, visual-spatial and visual-motor
abilities of professional boxers, amateur boxers and controls.
1. Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test (BGT) was first used as a screening tool in investigating
possible brain injuries by measuring visual-structural abilities. Exact combination and
interpretation of objects requires healthy visual perception along with visual-spatial and visualmotor abilities. Each of these three areas (perceptual, spatial, visual-motor) might undergo
disorders causing problems for visual structure. Reliability and retest with time interval of 3 to
12 months in mentally ill patients, Alzheimer patients, and the elderly were reported to be 0.79,
0.66, and 0.57 to 0.63 respectively.
2. The Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) was used after BGT, which is a neuropsychological
instrument that can be employed in different cultural backgrounds. Meyers and Meyers (1995)
proposed an extended test version including a Recognition Trial (RT), which permits an
examination of test motivation through analyses of test profiles and rare recognition mistakes.
In the present study, the accuracy with which participants copied and recalled the RCFT was
scored on a 36-point scale for accurate drawing and correct placement of the figures
components (See Meyers & Meyers, 1995). Participants were covertly timed as they copied the
figure. The RCFT has high interrater reliability (Meyers & Meyers, 1995) despite its subjective
scoring (Mitrushina et al., 2005). This may be because examiners abide to standardized
administration, and score consistently leniently or harshly ( (Mitrushina et al., 2005).