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:
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-1-1
) (CH3OH .
.
.
pyroligneous .
.
.
Robert Boyle1661
] .[1 1834 Dumas P ligot
] .[1 pyroligneous
. 1923 .
. 0/003 %
] .[1
:
)(1-1
mol
H 300 = 49.16 kJ
CO2 + 3H 2 CH 3OH + H 2O
)(2-1
mol
H 300 = 90.77 kJ
CO + 2 H 2 CH 3OH
- 1 :
)(3-1
mol
H 300 = 41.47 kJ
CO + H 2O CO2 + H 2

. CO/H2 99 .
CO2 ] .[3
1- Water gas shift reaction
.

]:[1
)(4-1
mol
)(5-1
mol
)(6-1
mol
)(7-1
mol
)(8-1
mol
)(9-1
mol
)(10-1
mol
)(11-1
mol
)(12-1
mol
)(13-1
mol
H 298
= 206.15 kJ
) CO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O( g
H 298
= 347.27 kJ
) 2CO + 5 H 2 C 2 H 6 + 2 H 2 O ( g
H 298
= 497.77 kJ
) 3CO + 7 H 2 C 3 H 8 + 3H 2 O( g
H 298
= 206.15 kJ
) 2CO + 4 H 2 CH 3 OCH 3 ( g ) + H 2 O( g
H 298
= 256.10 kJ
) 2CO + 4 H 2 C 2 H 5 OH ( g ) + H 2 O( g
H 298
= 256.10 kJ
) 3CO + 6 H 2 C 3 H 7 OH ( g ) + 2 H 2 O( g
H 298
= 413.38 kJ
) 3CO + 6 H 2 C 3 H 7 OH ( g ) + 2 H 2 O( g
H 298
= 247.32 kJ
2CO + 2 H 2 CH 4 + CO2
H 298
= 297.23 kJ
3CO + 3H 2 C 2 H 5 OH ( g ) + CO2
H 298
= 172.46 kJ
2CO C ( s ) + CO2
CO2 CO . CO
CO2/H2 . -
. .
.
CO2/H2 CO2 - ].[2
CO CO2
. CO2
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
ZnO ].[3
1-Intrinsic rate

. .

.

.
.

.
-2-1
1-1 . 1-1
10 240C ].[1
-1-1
)(
)(C
-97/8
(C) 760mmHg
64/7
)(g/mlit

0/79609 :15 C
0/78208 :30 C
1/3287 :20 C
0/6405 :15 C
)(cP
0/5945 :20 C
0/5525 :25 C
0/5142 :30 C
)(C
240/0
)(atm
78/5
:
)(

22/99 :15 C
22/55 :20 C
)(dyn/cm
21/69 :30 C
: CS2 35/0
(C) 1
34/50 : C6H14
46/05 : C6H12
0/565-0/575 :0-3 C
0/579-0/587 :5-10 C
)(Cal/g
0/594-0/600 :15-20C
0/605-0/609 :25-30 C
0/613-0/616 :35-40 C
10/27 :0 C
)(Cal/g.mol
10/76: 25 C
12/20 :100 C
14/04 :200 C
8430: 64/7 C
)(Cal/mol
)(Cal/mol
-173650 : 25 C
-57036 :25 C
)(Cal/mol
-48100 :25 C
Open Cup :16/0
(C) Flash point
Closed Cup :12/0
) 6/7 :(21 C
)(vol%
) 36 :(60 C
)(C
385 :
1 - Crit. Soln. temp.
-1-1 .
- .
. Carr
Riddick 2-1 3-1 ] .[1 110
1
.
1 - Styrene
:
-2-1
0/00
0/99708
10
12/46
0/9804
20
24/53
0/9649
30
36/20
0/9492
40
47/37
0/9316
50
57/98
0/9122
60
67/96
0/8910
70
77/19
0/8675
80
85/66
0/8424
90
93/33
0/8158
100
100/00
0/7867
-3-1 - 25 C
cP
cP
0/894
60
1/427
10
1/178
70
1/234
20
1/419
80
1/025
30
1/581
90
0/788
40
1/671
100
0/557
50
1/577
.
.
.
.
].[1
-3-1
.
.
-CH2OH .
. 635 C
:
) (14-1
1
CH 3OH + O2 HCHO + H 2 O
2
) (15-1
CH 3 OH HCHO + H 2
350 C 700
:
)(16-1
CH 3OH + CO CH 3COOH
.
SOx NOx
CO .
(MTBE) 1 .
.
) 2(MTG .
4-1 ] 1 4 5 .[6
1- Methyl tertiary butyl ether

2 - Mobil methanol to gasoline
:
-4-1
) 6(
)(1-2%
)(1%
)(4%

) 94(
)(52%
)(6%
(4%) 1
(4%) 2
)(4%
(4%) 3
)(8%
)(8%
-4-1
Haber-Bosch BASF 1913
. 1923
/ . .

. 1960
. / / ICI
].[7
1- Dimethyl terephethalate
2 - Methyl halides
3 - Methyl methacrylate
10

. . 2-1
.
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company
. .
Number Of Patent
2005
2004
2003
20 00
2002
19 98
19 93
1995
1992
1990
1991
19 85
19 86
1983
1984
19 82
1980
19 81
1978
1974
19 75
19 73
1969
19 71
Year
-2-1 .

. :

1-Roney Copper Catalysts

2- Intermetallic
11
/ /
3-1
/ / . .

/ / .
10
5
0
Number Of Patent
35
30
25
20
15
ph as
e
cata
lys
Pr ec
io
in te r
m eta
t in S
lurr y
llic c
ataly
st
st
ca tal
y
cop p
er
Ro ne
y
us m
etal c
a taly
st
cata
lyst
Co pr
ecip
itatio
n
-3-1 .
-1-4-1
Cu-Zn Wain Wright 1978
] .[7 Wain Wright Trim
- 3
1- Precious metal catalyst
2- Slurry
3- Leaching
12
/ / Zn

.
/ /
/ 1 .
. /

.
.
) ( .
.
.
.

) ( .
293 333 .
333 K .
293 333 .
293 333 K
333 K .

.
4-1 Cu/Al
.
)1 - Sodium zincate (Na2Zn(OH)4
13
/
] 7 8 9 .[10
-4-1 Cu/Al
(%20) NaOH ) .(NaOH + Sodium zincate
313 K N2 SV=18000 hr-1 5 MPa 523 K .H2/CO2 =3
CuAl2
Cu(Zn)Al2
. /

.
) 10 (
.
30-36 50 14-20 .
14
.
. .
75-90 4-8 7-15
] .[7
-2-4-1
ABx .
A B x 2-5 .
. LaCo5H4
.
.
1927 .
1 2 ) IVB (
.
.
)
( .

.

.
].[11
1 - Actinide
2 - Yttrium
15
-3-4-1
1 2
] 12 13 .[14
/ .
.
.

3 .
.
.
.
) (
. .
].[12
.
Li, Mg, Sr, Ba Mo ] .[7
-4-4-1

.
.

1- Rhodium
2- Ruthenium
3 - Impregnation
16
H2 .
. .
) 573 5 (
) (H2/CO=5 15-20% .

] .[15
80-160 C 1-50
NaH ) (CO+H2
1BNL ].[16
:
)(17-1
ROH + CO HCOOR
) (18-1
ROOCH + 2 H 2 CH 3OH + ROH
) ( ) (
80-100 C 30-50 .
) ( .
)2 ( ) ( 100-160 C
.
.
80-120 C
.

.
. .
1- Brookharen National Laboratory

2 - Hydrogenolysis
17
80-120C .
.
].[16
.
H2 CO . CO H2
CO H2 . CO H2
.
. CO H2
] 15 .[17
:
.
.
.
CO2 H2O
) ( .
.
.
.
] 15 .[17
-5-4-1 / /
/
.
.
18
. 1960 .
].[7
.
.
:

.
. 1
.

.
.
.
.
. ) (
.
.
:
.
2 .
.
.
1- Precursor
2 - Very high supersaturation
19
.

].[18
:
) (
. .
pH
. 5-1 .
-5-1 .
.

. .
.
pH.
20
75-100 C pH 6/5-9 /5 .
.
. pH 6/5 ) (
pH
. pH .

. 1 .
.
. .
.
:

.

.

CO CH3OH .
) .(6-1 :

ZnO CuO Al2O3 . CuO ZnO
.
1-Aging
21
Cu .
.
NaNO3 )

CuO ( .
. CO2

.
Na CuO ].[19
-6-1 Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3/Ga2O3
. .CO2/H2=1/3, GHSV=18000hr-15 MPa 523 K:
.
/
1
1- Malachite
22
Cu2(OH)2CO3 Cu2(OH)3NO3 .
1 (Cu,Zn)2(OH)3CO3 2
. Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 3
. (Zn,Cu)5(OH)6(CO3)2 4
. 5-1 .
5-1 Cu/Zn
Cu2(OH)3 NO3
Cu2(OH)2CO3
)(
)(
Zn5 (OH)6(CO3)2
(Cu,Zn)2(OH)3CO3
(Zn,Cu)5(OH)6(CO3)2
:
.
.

.
] .[6 5DTA
Cu-Zn
.
1- Zinc-Malachite
2- Rosasite
3- Hydrozincite
4- Aurichalcite
5- Differential thermal analysis
23
) (II ) (II .
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
CuO ZnO
.
. CuO ZnO

. CuO ZnO
H CuO CuO
ZnO Cu
] 21 .[22
.

pH
Li . pH
Cu-Zn-Al
pH 6 .
] .[24 pH= 7 .
Fang .
24

Cu ZnO ] .[22
. Shen .

) (NaHCO3

].[22

:
)(19-1
Cu ( NO3 ) 2 + 3Cu (OH ) 2 ( s ) 3Cu (OH ) 2 (s ) + Cu 2+ + 2 NO3
) (20-1
)Cu 2+ + 2OH Cu (OH ) 2 ( s
) (21-1
)2Cu 2+ + CO32 + 2OH Cu 2 CO3 (OH ) 2 ( s
) (22-1
Cu (OH ) 2 ( s ) + Zn 2 + + CO32 (Cu , Zn ) 2 (OH ) 2 CO3
) (23-1
Zn5 (CO3 ) 2 (OH ) 6 + xCu 2+ ( Zn 5 x , Cu x ) 5 (CO3 ) 2 (OH ) 6 + xZn 2+
(Cu,Zn)2(OH)2CO3 .
pH pH .
] :[22
)(24-1
H + + CO32 HCO3
)(25-1
HCO3 + H + H 2 CO3 CO2 + H 2 O
.
) 80-150 C
( ) ( .
:

25

.
] 25 .[26
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 110 C .
.
.
. 5 6
.
.
.
.
. :

.

. :

) (

].[27
200-450 C
250-350C 3-10 .
26
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.

.

%50 %20 .
:
:
.
.
.
.
) :(1 7 -1
.

) 7 700( .

.
1 - Spray- dring
27
-7-1 .
:1
. 8-1
.
.
100 C .

.
. .
) ( 1- Oil drop or Oil up
28
: pH )
(.
:

. ) (
] .[27
1-3 % .
.
-8-1 ).(Oil drop
.

. .
29

1 ) (
. .
:

/
.
].[28

.
H2 . H2
HCHO ]:[29
)(26-1
2CH 3 OH HCOOCH 3 + 2 H 2
200-300 C
.
140 C . H2/N2
. ) (

. .
1- Sintering
30
. .
.
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3

. .
spinel
.
.
) ( .
.
] .[30 6-1 Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
.
-6-1
Cu,Zn,Al
400-560 F
750-2000
psig
100-3000 hr-1
Cu, Zn,Cr
150-400 C
)(200-300C
10-400 atm
)(30-300 atm
200-80000hr-1
)(400-20000
Cu, Zn,Cr
150-350C
)(200-280C
20-500
)(30-150
kg/Cm2
Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn,

Al,Cr
160-300C
)(190-270C
10-400 atm
)(30-300 atm
2000-50000
)(5000-25000 hr-1
Cu, Zn, Cr
150-400C
)(200-300C
10-400 atm
)(30-300 atm
200-80000
)(400-20000 hr-1
-1
2000-50000hr
H2/ CO/CO2
CO/CO2 : 0.5/1 to
20/1
H2: St. to 5 St.
CO+CO2:
2-33vol%
H2:50-95vol%
67vol% H2, 25%
CO, 5%
CO2,1%CH4, 2%N2
(CO+CO2)/H2:
St to 1:10 (1.3 St to
)3 St
(CO+CO2)/H2:
(2-33)/(50-95) vol%
][7
][8
][9
][10
][11
Cu, Zn, Al
750 F
2000 psig
20000 hr-1
][12
Cu, (Zn, Mn,

)Mg) (Al, Cr
160-300C
)(190-270C
Up to 200atm
(10-150 atm
))(80-120atm
2000-50000
(5000-25000)hr-1
(CO+CO2)/H2:
St to 1:10
)(1.3 St to 3St
][13
31
H2/ CO/CO2
[14]
87.2 vol% H2, 8.8 %

CO, 4% CO2
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
300-1500
psig
450-750 F
300-400 atm
260-400C
2000-5000 hr-1
20-300 atm
(30-150 atm)
150-300C
(200-280C)
Cu, Zn, Cr
2000-50000 hr-1
20-300 atm
(30-150 atm)
150-300C
(200-280C)
Cu, Zn, Al,

Boron
300-1500
Psig
450-750F
Cu, Zn, (Al, Zr,

Ti, Cr, Mn, Mg)
70vol% H2, 23%CO,

3% CO2, 3.5%CH4 ,
0.5 %N2
70vol% H2, 23%CO,
3% CO2,3.5%CH4,
0.5 %N2
83vol% H2,
3.7%CO, 2.3% CO2,
11%(CH4 ,N2)
70vol% H2, 23%

CO, 3% CO2,
3.5%CH4, 0.5 %N2
75.3vol%H2, 10.8
%CO,3.9% CO2,
10%(CH4 ,N2)
2000-50000 hr-1
20-300atm
(30-150atm)
150-300C
(200-280C)
Cu, Zn, Al, boron
10000 hr-1
50 bar
250C
Cu, Zn, Al
150-350C
(200-300C)
Cu,Zn, Zr ,Al,Cr,
Mg, V, oxyacid
phosphorous
200-325C
Cu, Zn, rare earth

metal
1000-80000 hr-1
[36]
(CO+CO2)/H2:
1/0.5 -1/20
(1/2 1/10)
5-25000 hr-1
[37]
[38]
[39]
Cu, Zn, (Al, Zr,

Ti, Ca, Mg)
Cu, Zn, Mg, Al,
(W, Cr, Mo)
Cu, Zn, (Al, Cr),
Mn
Cu, Zn, Al,

Aluminium
alkoxide as a
coating
[35]
0.06-0.25 mol CO,

0.01-0.2 mol CO2,
0.01-0.07 steam,
0.001-0.03 O2 per
1mol H2
70vol% H2, 23% CO,
3% CO2, 3.5%CH4,
0.5 %N2
64.7vol% H2, 6.5%
CO, 4.3% CO2,
22%CH4, 2.5 %N2
20-300
kg/Cm2
(30-200)
Atmospheric
pressure100000 Kpa
200-80000
(400-20000hr-1)
30-250 atm
200-350 C
Cu, Zn, Al
2000-50000 hr-1
Cu, Zn, Oxyacid

phosphorous
2000-80000 hr-1
20-300atm
(30-150 atm)
150-300C
(200-280C)
Cu, Zn, (Al, Cr,

Mg, Mn, V)
32
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
H2/ CO/CO2
67.1vol% H2, 23%
CO, 7.2% CO2,
1.5%CH4, 1.2 %N2
(CO+CO2)/H2:1/0.5
-1/20 (1/2 1/10)
25-60% CO, 0-2%
CO2, 0-4%CH4,N2
and H2 in balance
CO/H2: 1/ 0.1 -1/6
(1/0.2 1/4)
1000-80000 hr-1
20-300
kg/Cm2
(30-200)
150-350C
(200-300C)
Cu, Zn, Zr, boron
5-25000 hr-1
15-5000 Psi
200-350C
(200-300C)
1000-10000 hr-1
80-150 bar
(100 bar)
250-320 C
(280-300C)
500-30000 hr-1
(4000-12000)
400-2000 psig
(800-1600)
230-320C
(270-300C)
Cu, Zn, rare earth

metal
Cu, Zn, Al, rare
earth metal,
Alkali metal
Cu, Th, Zr, alkali
metal
Cu, Zn, Al,
boron, Mg, Zr,
La, Mn,Cr,
silicon, P
[44]
69vol% H2, 23%

CO, 7 % CO2,
0.5%CH4, 0.5 %N2
2000-50000 hr-1
20-300 atm
(30-150 atm)
150-350C
(200-300C)
[45]
60-80 vol% H2, 530% CO, 3-10%

CO2, 0-5 % CH4,
0-10 %N2
2000-50000 hr-1
(4000-20000)
3-12 MPa
(4-10 MPa)
180-300C
Cu, Zn, Al, Zr,

Mn, Mo
[46]
70 vol% H2, 22%

CO, 5% CO2
2000-50000 hr-1
20-300atm
(30-150atm)
150-350C
(200-300C)
Cu, Zn, Al,

boron,silicon,
Mg, Mn, La, Zr,
Cr, P
[47]
5 MPa
250C
Cu, Zn, Al
[48]
75 vol% H2, 22%

CO, 3% CO2
1-10 MPa
150-300C
Cu, Zn, Al,

silicon, Zr, Ga,
Pd
[49]
CO/CO2/ H2/N2/CH4
1/1.35/10.08/1.16/3.
26
60 bar
210-250C
Cu, Zn, Al,
. Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
:
.
.
33
Al2O3

.

.
Al2O3
.

.
.
.
.
/ .
.
.
. 1
Mg Mn ] 45 47 49 .[50

.

. .

.
.
1 - Promoter
34
.
.
.
].[51
9-1
.
9
8
7
5
4
3
Number Of Patent
2
1
0
Mo
Ca
Ti
Zr
Cr
Mn
Mg
ls
et a
li M
ka
S il
Pd
Ga
th
Me
ic o
al s
Al
rth
Ea
re
Re
-9-1 .
) (
.
.

] 42 .[43
35
B . B
.
B ] 45 .[52

)
( . .
.

. )
0 /3-0/9 0/5 (0/7 .
. 0/9
].[19
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
Cu ].[53
Cr2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3 .
.
Cr2O3 ] .[54
MgO Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 .
.
] .[55
CO/H2 CO2/H2
. Cu
Cu+/Cu0 ].[56
36
:
-1-5-4-1 Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 .
Cu ZnO
)( Hughes .
]:[57
)(27-1
Ag<Cu<Au<Pd<Fe<Ni<Co<Pt<Rh<Ru<Ir<Os<Re

) (300 C .

] 2 57 .[58
1 0 /5 0/7
.

] 19 .[58
Cu/ZnO
. CO2
:
) (28-1
CO2 + 3 H 2 CH 3OH + H 2 O
) (29-1
CO2 + H 2 CO + H 2 O
CO CO
CO2 H2 :
) (30-1
CO + H 2 O CO2 + H 2
CO
Cu/ZnO
1- Colloidal silica
37
. CO2
.
10-1 CO2
. CO2
].[58
-10-1 CO2
.

.
.
) (31-1 .
0/5 ppm 0/1 ppm .
38
. H2S
] 2 .[57
)(31-1
mol
H = 59.4 kJ
Cu + H 2 S Cu 2 S + H 2

H2S ) .(32-1
)(32-1
mol
H = 76.7 kJ
) ZnO( s) + H 2 S ( g ) ZnS (s ) + H 2 O( g
.
:
.
) (I

.
H2S
) (I .
.

.
.
HCl . HCl 33-1
(31-1 ) H2S .
CuCl ) Cu(I
.
.

39
.
.
)(33-1
mol
H = 43.5 kJ
)(34-1
mol
H = 121.8 kJ
1
)H2 (g
2
Cu ( s ) + HCl ( g ) CuCl (s ) +
) ZnO( s) + HCl ( g ) ZnCl 2 ( s ) + H 2 O( g
.
HCl H2S
].[57
.

- . ].[45

Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 .
-5-1
) (1-1
) (2-1
CO2 CO . 2-1
- ) (3-1
CO2 . 2-1 .
CO CO2 CO H2
.
. .
40
CO 2-3 vol%) CO2

30 vol%( 725 psia
190-260 C ]:[66
) (35-1
PCH 3OH
0 .5
r1 = k1 PCO
PH 2 1
2
K1 PCO PH 2
) (36-1
PCH 3OH
0.5
r2 = k2 PCO
PH1.25 1
3
2
K 2 PCO2 PH 2
k1=0.2032 exp(-2954/T) kmol kgCat-1hr-1

k2=8.89310-3 exp(-6163/T) kmol kgCat-1hr-1
K1 K2 2-1 P 1-1
T .
) ( .
.

.

.
)-( . CO
CO2 . 16
.
M X-M ]:[66
)(37-1
H 2O ( g ) + M H 2O M
1- Redox
41
)(38-1
H 2O M + M OH M + H M
)(39-1
2OH M H 2 O M + O M
)(40-1
OM +M OM +H M
)(41-1
2 H M H 2 + 2M
)(42-1
CO( g ) + M CO M
)(43-1
CO M + O M CO2 M + M
)(44-1
CO2 M CO2 ( g ) + M
) (45-1
CO2 M + H M HCOO M + M
) (46-1
HCOO M + H M H 2 COO M + M
)(47-1
H 2 COO M + H M H 3 CO M + O M
) (48-1
H 3 CO M + H M CH 3OH M + M
)(49-1
CH 3 OH M CH 3 OH ( g ) + M
)(50-1
H 2 COO M + M HCH M + O M
)(51-1
HCH M HCHO ( g ) + M
)(52-1
H 2 COO M + H M HCHO M + OH M
-6-1
:

CO2
.
42
.
)( .

. .
Lurgi ICI Topse . .
:

-1-6-1 ICI
ICI 1 1 .
175F E-109 . %10
Purge .
M-101 M-102 0/1 ppm
. 1 .
C-101 .
.
.
800F F-101
R-101 .
1 - Backup
43
R-101 Ni .
) (53-1
.
%20 .
)(53-1
mol
H 298
= 206 kJ
CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2
R-102
. Ni
. ) (54-1
1780F .
980 F .
)(54-1
mol
H 298
= 35 kJ
1
CH 4 + O2 CO + 2 H 2
2

465 F E-106 E-107 .
500 F . E-108A E-108B
C-301 C-302 205 F
. E-110
100 F .
E-110 500 psig K-201
1145 psig . K-202
. 127 F .
) (R-201 360 F E-202
R-201 .
44
ICI 1
.

. 482 F
E-210 357 F .
E-202 .
E-209 165 F . E-207
100 F .
knockout drumV-201 .
K-202 .
purge
C-201 . purge
turboexpander K-204 E-206 .
expander.
knockout drum K-203
20 psig flash drum V-202 . flash drum
purge gas F-101 .
2 .
. T-351
.
130 F E-301 .
C-301 .
1 - Quench
- Light ends
45
.
.
.
-2-6-1 Lurgi
Lugri 1 2 . ) (
175 F E-109
. %10 purge
. M-101 M-102 0 /1 ppm .
1 .

.
E-101 850 F
F-101 . fuel-fired
. Ni
.
) (E-101 )(E-102
) (E-103 ).(E-104
(K-102) Induced draft .
.

) (R-102 . .
1 - Back up
46
Ni .
1760 F .
.
.
E-105 1000 F
. E-106 650 F .
E-107 1BFW 500 F
. E-108A E-108B 205 F
C-301 C-302 .
E-109 E-110 100 F .
E-110 450 psig K-201
1335 psig . K-202
144 F . E-202 257F
R-201A R-201B .
Lurgi -
. R-101A BWF 2
V-209 .
.
450 F 430 F
BFW E-210 E-202
. E-209 165 F E-207
1 - Boiler feed water

2 - Thermosiphon loop
47
34 F .
Knockout drum V-201 .
.
purge C-201
. purge E-206
turboexpander K-204 .
. expander
K-101 .
V-201 K-203 20 psig .
BFW . V-202 .
purge F-101 .
ICI
.
-3-6-1 Topse
Topse 1 3 .
750 F E-109 .
%10 purge .
M-101
M-102 0 /1 ppm .
. %5
.
48
C-101
.
. .
425F
E-101 850 F
F-101 .
. Ni
.
) (E-101
) (E-109 ) (E-104 . (K-102) Induced draft
. %20
.
R-102
. Ni .
1830F .
.
. E-105
1000 F . E-106
875 F . E-107 BFW
500 F . E-108A 108-B 205 F
C-301 C-302 .
E-110 100 F .
K-201 1145 psig .
K-202
49
126 F . E-202
257F .
Topse ) R-201B R-201A
.(R-201C E-210A
E-210B . .
520F E-202
. E-209 165 F E-207
100 F . ) Knockout drum (V-201
.
K-202
. purge
C-201 . purge
E-206 turboexpander K-204
. . expander
K-101 .
V-201 K-203 20 psig
. BFW .
flash drum V-202 . purge F-101
.
ICI.

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