Xung PWM

pitagoever gi vo Th t, 28 Thng 5, 2014 - 23:56

Kin thc c bn
Xung l cc trng thi cao / thp (HIGH/LOW) v mc in p c lp i
lp li. i lng c trng cho 1 xung PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) bao
gm tn s (frequency) v chu k xung (duty cycle).
Tn s l g?
Tn s l s ln lp li trong 1 n v thi gian. n v tn s l Hz, tc l
s ln lp li dao ng trong 1 giy.
Ly v d, 1Hz = 1 dao ng trong 1 giy. 2Hz = 2 dao ng trong 1 giy.
16MHz = 16 triu dao ng trong 1 giy.
Nh vy theo quy tc tam sut: 16 triu dao ng - 1 giy --> 1 dao ng
tn 1/16.000.000 (giy) = 0,0625 (micro giy)
Cch xc nh 1 dao ng nh th no? a phn cc bn mi nghin cu
in t thng mc sai lm vic xc nh 1 dao ng. Dao ng c
xc nh t trng thi bt u v kt thc ngay trc khi trng thi bt
u c lp li.

Cch xc nh 1 dao ng
Nh vy thng thng, 1 dao ng s bao gm 2 trng thi in: mc cao
(x giy) v mc thp (y giy). T l phn trm thi gian gia 2 trng thi
in ny chnh l chu k xung.

Vi x/y = 0% ta c xung cha ton b in p thp (khi nim xung nn

hiu m rng)
Vi x/y = 50% th 50% thi gian u, xung c in p cao, 50% sau xung
c in p thp.
Vi x/y=100% ta c xung cha ton b in p cao.
Tm li, vi 1 xung ta c:
1.
2.

Tn s: tnh ton ra c thi gian ca 1 xung

Chu k xung: bao nhiu thi gian xung c mc p cao, bao nhiu thi
gian xung c mc p thp.

Lin h vi Arduino

Vi kin thc c bn v xung, cc bn s hiu r hn v xung trong thc

t nh th no.

Xung khi s dng vi hm analogWrite trong Arduino

Gia 2 vch mu xanh l cy l 1 xung.

analogWrite

t l

chu k xung

analogWrite(0)

0/255

0%

analogWrite(64)

64/255

25%

analogWrite(127)

127/255

50%

analogWrite(191)

191/255

75%

analogWrite(255)

255/255

100%

Hm analogWrite() trong Arduino gip vic to 1 xung d dng hn. Hm

ny truyn vo tham s cho php thay i chu k xung, bn c th tnh
ton ra c chu k xung nh bng trn. Tn s xung c Arduino thit
lp mc nh.
i vi board Arduino Uno, xung trn cc chn 3,9,10,11 c tn s l
490Hz, xung trn chn 5,6 c tn s 980Hz. Lm th no to ra cc
xung c tn s nhanh hn? Bn c th tham kho thm cc th vin ring
h tr vic ny. Trong m ngun Arduino gc khng h tr phn ny.
Lu : xung iu khin servo c tn gi PPM (Pulse Position Modulation)
khc vi xung PWM.