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ngi gi mt vic:
Phm Lang lm Th Cng, trng coi vic bp. Danh hiu: ng Tr T Mnh To
Ph Thn Qun
Trng Cao lm Th a, trng coi vic nh ca. Danh hiu: Th a Long Mch Tn
Thn
Th Nhi lm Th K, trng coi vic ch ba. Danh hiu: Ng Phng Ng Th Phc
c Chnh Thn.
Truyn thuyt ny th hin rt m nt trong sinh hot ca ngi Vit. Trong bp ngy
xa, thng c ba "ng u rau" - tc l ba hn t nn dng k ni xanh un bp,
trong hai hn nh hn hn th ba. V nhn dn c tc l th "hai ng mt b", ngy
23 thng Chp hng nm lm "l To qun", "Tt ng Cng ng To", "tin ng To
ln chu Tri"... y rt c th l nh hng ca phong tc th thn la - mt phong
tc c t lu i ca nhiu dn tc, tuy nhin cch th hin mi nc mt khc. V
nh Trung Quc, t thi c i, To qun (cn c gi l "To thn", "To vng",
"ng To") c coi l mt trong by v thn t c ton dn cng l. Nhng
ngun gc ca To qun th khng nht qun. Theo sch Hoi Nam T, Vim (tc
Thn Nng) mang la n cho dn nn khi cht c th lm thn bp. Sch L Th
Xun Thu li coi Chc Dung mi l thn qun l la (do Vim mang ti) nn khi
cht ngi dn th lm thn la. Cn sch Ty Dng tp tr th k: thn la trng nh
mt c gi p, tn l i hay Trng an, tn ch l T Quch, nhng ngy khng
trng thng ln tri tu v vic ngi no c li... Chuyn truyn ming ca ngi
Trung Quc li cho rng trc kia mi thng vua bp ln tri mt ln vo ngy ti
(ngy cui thng m lch) bo co v tng ngi trong mi gia nh (nht l v
nhng ngi n b lm iu xu); sau ny, mi nm vua ch ln tri mt ln vo ngy
23 hoc 24 thng Chp. n ngy y, ngi Trung Quc by bn th gn bp, cng vua
bp bng tht, c, ru np, bnh ko; c bit c thm c nc v c kh (cho nga
ca vua bp "n" bay v ch vua ln tri - khc vi To qun ca ta th ci c chp
ln tri).
Phong tc th cng To cng cng t y m c. Thng th bt u t chiu 22 hoc
sng 23 thng Chp, cc gia nh lm l ng To ln chu tri, tu trnh mi vic
ca gia ch, n tra 30 Tt th ng To li c mt h gii tip tc cng vic.
T s tch trn nn sm m Th Cng thng c 3 chic, mt ca n thn, 2 ca nam
thn c cnh chun, km theo l o v hia cng b bng giy. Theo sch "Nam nh a
d ch" ca tin s c hc Khiu Nng Tnh th k XIX, mc phong tc th m v o
ca To Qun mu vng. Nhng c sch li ni mu sc ty thuc tng nm, ng vi
cc hnh Kim, Mc, Thy, Ha, Th.
Bi v th To Qun thng ch : "ng tr t mnh To ph Thn Qun" hoc:
"Bn Th phc c Tn Thn" (v thn nh s phc c cho gia nh). Cng c ni li
ghi bi v: "nh phc To Qun" (ng To nh vic phc). Phc c ny do gia ch
v ngi trong nh to ra trong tng nm, tc l n , c x xu hay tt trong mt nm.
Theo tin s Khiu Nng Tnh, ng To l v thn c Thng phn cng cai qun
mt nh nn To Qun l v ch th nht ca mi nh ( nht gia chi ch) nn khi
cng l ku cu vic g u phi khn To Qun trc ng To bit vic lm ca gia
ch ri mi khn l Gia tin. Vi nhng ni sng tn, ngi ta cng Th Cng mi
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