Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

X L CC BI TON C BN DAO NG C HC
Dng 3: Th thut Casio lp phng trnh dao ng iu ha
L c Th (CTV ca Thy : Phm Vn Tng )
n xem Phn tip theo : Tng n s 01 vo ngy 12/7/2016
I-L THUYT QUAN TRNG
1- C s l thuyt:

Vy

x(0) A cos a

x A cos(.t )
x(0) A cos

t 0

v(0)

A
sin

A sin b
v A sin(.t )

(0)

x A cos(t )
x a bi,
t 0

a x(0)

v(0)
b

2- Phng php S PHC: t = 0 co:

a x(0)
v(0)

i A x A cos(t )

v(0) x x(0)

3.- Thao tc my tnh (fx 570MS;570ES): Mode 2, R (radian), Bm nhp : x(0)

v(0)

i =

- Vi my fx 570ES : bm tip SHIFT, 2 , 3, = my s hin A , o l bin A v pha

ban u .
4. Ch cc v tr c bit: (Hnh vng trn lng gic)
V tr ca vt

Phn

Phn o:

Kt qu:

lc u t=0

thc: a

bi

a+bi = A x=Acos(t+)

Bin dng(I):

a=A

A0

x=Acos(t)

x0 = A; v0 = 0
Theo chiu m (II): a = 0

II

Phng trnh:

-A

III

bi = Ai

A /2

x=Acos(t+/2)

x=Acos(t+)

X0

x0 = 0 ; v0 < 0
Bin m(III):

a = -A

IV

Hnh Vng Trn LG

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ax
I

Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

x0 = - A; v0 = 0
Theo chiu dng

a=0

bi= -Ai

a= x0

bi

A- /2

x=Acos(t-/2)

(IV): x0 = 0 ;v0 > 0

V tr bt k:

v0 A
i

x=Acos(t+)

5. Chn ch thc hin php tnh v s phc ca my tnh: CASIO fx570ES, 570ES Plus
Cc bc Chn ch

Nt lnh

ngha- Kt qu

Ch nh dng nhp /xut ton

Bm: SHIFT MODE 1

Mn hnh xut hin Math

Thc hin php tnh v s phc

Bm: MODE 2

Mn hnh xut hin CMPLX

Hin th dng to cc: r

Bm: SHIFT MODE 3 2

Hin th s phc dng r

Hin th dng cc: a + ib.

Bm: SHIFT MODE 3 1

Hin th s phc dng a+bi

Chn n v o goc l (D)

Bm: SHIFT MODE 3

Mn hnh hin th ch D

Chn n v o goc l Rad (R)

Bm: SHIFT MODE 4

Mn hnh hin th ch R

Nhp k hiu goc

Bm SHIFT (-)

Mn hnh hin th k hiu:

-Thao tc trn my tnh (fx 570MS;570ES): Mode 2, v dng n v R (radian), Bm nhp :

x(0)

v(0)

- Vi my fx 570ES : Mun xut hin bin A v pha ban u : Lm nh sau:

Bm SHIFT 2 mn hnh xut hin nh hnh bn
Nu bm tip phm 3 = kt qu dng cc (r )
Nu bm tip phm 4 = kt qu dng phc (a+bi )
( ang thc hin php tnh )

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

II-BI TP MINH HA
V d 1.Vt m dao ng iu ha vi tn s 0,5Hz, ti gc thi gian no co li x(0) = 4cm,
vn tc v(0) = 12,56cm/s, ly 3,14 . Hy vit phng trnh dao ng.
Gii: Tnh = 2f =2.0,5= (rad/s)

a x(0) 4

t 0:
x 4 4i . bm 4 - 4i, =
v(0)
4
b

SHIFT 23 4 2

x 4 2 cos( t )cm
4
4

V d 2 . Vt m gn vo u mt l xo nh, dao ng iu ha vi chu k 1s. ngi ta kch

thch dao ng bng cch ko m khi v tr cn bng ngc chiu dng mt on 3cm ri
bung. Chn gc ta VTCB, gc thi gian lc bung vt, hy vit phng trnh dao ng.
Gii: Tnh = 2/T=2/1= 2 (rad/s)

a x(0) 3

t 0:
x 3; ; bm -3,=
v(0)
b

SHIFT 23 3

x 3 cos(2 t ) cm

V d 3. Vt nh m =250g c treo vo u di mt l xo nh, thng ng k = 25N/m. T

VTCB ngi ta kch thch dao ng bng cch truyn cho m mt vn tc 40cm/s theo phng
ca trc l xo. Chn gc ta VTCB, gc thi gian lc m qua VTCB ngc chiu dng,
hy vit phng trnh dao ng.
Gii:

a x(0) 0
k

10rad / s ;
x 4i ; bm 4i,=
v(0)
m
4
b

SHIFT 2 3 4

x 4 cos(10t

)cm

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

Bi 4: Mt vt dao ng iu ha co bin A = 24 cm ,chu k T= 4 s Ti thi im t = 0 vt co

li cc i m (x = -A) a) Vit phng trnh dao ng iu ha x ?
b) Tnh x ? v ? a ? thi im t = 0 ,5s
HD Gii:
a)

2 (rad/s) Ti t = 0 x0 A A cos cos 1

=>

T
2
v

A
sin

sin

0
0

x = 24 cos

t (cm)
2

a x(0) A 24

Cch 2: Dng my tnh :

x 24 ; My Fx570Es bm: Mode 2, Shift
v(0)
b

Mode 4 (R:radian),
Nhp: -24 = SHIFT 2 3 24 x 24 cos(

t )cm

b) x 24cos .0,5 16,9(cm) ; v 24 sin 5 (12 )( 2 ) 26,64cm / s

2
4
2
2

Bi 5: Mt l xo khi lng khng ng k co k = 200 N/m.u trn gi c nh u di treo

vt nng co m = 200g, vt dao ng thng ng co vn tc cc i 62,8 cm/s. Vit Phng trnh
dao ng dao ng ca vt.
HD Gii: T PT dh x = Acos t . Xc nh A, , ?
*

K
=
m

200
10 10 10 2 10 rad/s
0,2

* vmax= A => A =

v max

(trong o m = 200g = 0,2 kg)

62,8
2 (cm)
10

* iu kin ban u t = 0, x = 0, v > 0

0 = Acos

Suy ra = /2

v = -Asin > 0

Suy ra < 0 => = - /2 => x = 2cos( 10t -/2) (cm)

Dng My Fx570Es bm: Mode 2, Shift Mode 4 (R: Radian),

Nhp: 2i SHIFT 2 3 ketqua : 2

x 2 cos( t )cm
2
2
2

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

Bi 6: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi bin A = 4cm v T = 2s. Chn gc thi gian l lc vt

qua VTCB theo chiu dng ca qu o. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l :
A. x = 4cos(2t - /2)cm.

B. x = 4cos(t - /2)cm.

C. x = 4cos(2t -/2)cm.

D. x = 4cos(t

+ /2)cm.

HD Gii: = 2f = . V A = 4cm loi A v C.

0 cos

2 chn = - /2
v0 A sin 0

sin 0

t = 0 : x0 = 0, v0 > 0 :

Chn : B

Dng My Fx570Es bm: Mode 2, Shift Mode 4 (R:radian),

Nhp: 4i, SHIFT 2 3 4

x 4 cos( t )cm
2
2
2

Bi 7: Mt vt dao ng iu ha trn on thng di 4cm vi f = 10Hz. Lc t = 0 vt qua

VTCB theo chiu m ca qu o. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l :
A. x = 2cos(20t - /2)cm.

B. x = 2cos(20t + /2)cm.

C. x = 4cos(20t -/2)cm.

D. x = 4cos(20t + /2)cm.

HD Gii: = 2f = 20. V A = MN /2 = 2cm

loi C v D.

0 cos

2 chn =- /2 Chn : B
v0 A sin 0

sin 0

t = 0 : x0 = 0, v0 < 0 :

Dng My Fx570Es bm: Mode 2, Shift Mode 4 (R:radian),

Nhp: 2i, SHIFT 2 3 2

x 4 cos( t )cm
2
2
2

Bi 5: Mt l xo u trn c nh, u di treo vt m. Vt dao ng theo phng thng ng

vi tn s gc = 10(rad/s). Trong qu trnh dao ng di l xo thay i t 18cm n 22cm.
Chn gc ta O ti VTCB. Chiu dng hng xung, gc thi gian lc l xo c di nh
nht. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l :
A. x = 2cos(10t + )cm.

B. x = 2cos(0,4t)cm.

C. x = 4cos(10t + )cm.

D. x = 4cos(10t + )cm.

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

HD Gii: = 10(rad/s) v A =

Dao ng c hc

lmax lmin
= 2cm.
2

loi B

cos 0
2 2cos

chn = x = 2cos(10t + )cm.

0 ;
0 sin

t = 0 : x0 = -2cm, v0 = 0 :
Chn :A

My Fx570Es bm: Mode 2, Shift Mode 4 (R:radian),

Nhp: -2 = SHIFT 2 3 ketqua : 2 x 2 cos(

t )cm

Bi 6: Mt con lc l xo dao ng vi bin A = 5cm, chu k T = 0,5s. Vit phng trnh dao
ng ca con lc trong cc trng hp:
a) t = 0 , vt qua VTCB theo chiu dng.
b) t = 0 , vt cch VTCB 5cm, theo chiu dng.
c) t = 0 , vt cch VTCB 2,5cm, ang chuyn ng theo chiu dng.
HD Gii: Phng trnh dao ng co dng : x A.co s(.t ) .
Phng trnh vn tc co dng : v x ' A..sin(.t ) .

Vn tc goc :

a) t = 0 ;

x0 A.co s

2. 2.

4 ( Rad / s) .
T
0,5

v0 A..sin

0 5.co s
v0 5.4. .sin

/ 2 . Vy x 5.co s(4. .t

(cm).
b) t = 0 ;

x0 A.co s
v0 A..sin

Vy:
c) t = 0 ;

x0 A.co s
v0 A..sin

Vy:

5 5.co s
v0 5.4. .sin

0.

x 5.co s(4. .t ) (cm).

2,5 5.co s
v0 5.4. .s in

(rad ) .

x 5.co s(4. .t ) (cm).

3

Bi 7: Mt con lc l xo dao ng vi chu k T = 1(s). Lc t = 0, vt qua v tr co li x 5. 2

(cm) vi vn tc v 10. . 2 (cm/s). Vit phng trnh dao ng ca con lc.

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

Phng trnh dao ng co dng : x A.co s(.t ) .

Phng trnh vn tc co dng : v x ' A..sin(.t ) .
Vn tc goc :

ADCT : A2 x 2

v2

2. 2.

2 ( Rad / s ) .
T
1

A x2

iu kin ban u : t = 0 ;
tan 1

v2

(5. 2) 2

(10. . 2) 2
= 10 (cm).
(2. )2

x A.co s
5. 2 A.co s

v A..sin
10. . 2 A.2. .s in

3.
(rad ) .
4

Vy

x 10.co s(2. .t

3
) (cm).
4

Bi 8: Mt vt dao ng iu ho dc theo trc Ox. Lc vt qua v tr co li x 2 (cm) th

co vn tc v . 2 (cm/s) v gia tc a 2. 2 (cm/s2). Chn gc to v tr trn. Vit
phng trnh dao ng ca vt di dng hm s cosin.
HD Gii: Phng trnh co dng : x = A.cos( .t ).
Phng trnh vn tc : v = - A. .sin(.t ) .
Phng trnh gia tc : a= - A. 2 .cos(.t ) .
Khi t = 0 ; thay cc gi tr x, v, a vo 3 phng trnh o ta co :

x 2 Acos
. ; v . 2 A..sin ; a 2 . 2 2 . Acos .
Ly a chia cho x ta c : (rad / s ) .
Ly v chia cho a ta c : tan 1

A 2cm .

Vy :

3.
( rad )
4

x 2.co s( .t

(v cos < 0 )

3.
) (cm).
4

Bi 9: Vt dao ng iu ha vi tc cc i 40 cm/s. Ti v tr co li x0 2 2(cm) vt

co ng nng bng th nng. Nu chn gc thi gian l lc vt qua v tr ny theo chiu dng
th phng trnh dao ng ca vt l

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

A 40
A 4

HD Gii: A 2

x 4cos 10t
4

2 2 10

2
A 40
A 4

x 4cos 10t cm
A 2
4

2 2 10

2
Bi 10: Mt vt co khi lng m = 100g c treo vo u di ca mt l xo co cng k =
100(N/m). u trn ca l xo gn vo mt im c nh. Ban u vt c gi sao cho l xo khng
b bin dng. Bung tay khng vn tc ban u cho vt dao ng. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca
vt (dng sin) . Ly g = 10 (m/s2); 2 10 .
HD Gii: Ta co tn s goc :

k
100

10. (Rad/s).
m
0,1

Ti VTCB l xo dn ra mt on l : l

m.g 0,1.10

102 (m) 1cm A l 1cm .

k
100

Phng trnh dao ng co dng : x A.sin(.t )

iu kin ban u t = 0 , gi l xo sao cho no khng bin dng tc x0 = - l .
Ta c :t = 0 ;

x0 l 1 A.sin
v0 A..cos

(rad ) .

Vy : x sin(10. .t ) (cm).
2

III- VN DNG
Cu 1. Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi 5rad/s. Ti VTCB truyn cho vt mt vn tc 1,5 m/s
theo chiu dng. Phng trnh dao ng l:
A. x 0,3cos(5t + /2)cm.
C. x 0,3cos(5t /2)cm.

B. x 0,3cos(5t)cm.
D. x 0,15cos(5t)cm.

Cu 2. Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi 10 2 rad/s. Chon gc thi gian t 0 lc vt co ly x

2 3 cm v ang v v tr cn bng vi vn tc 0,2 2 m/s theo chiu dng. Ly g 10m/s2.
Phng trnh dao ng ca v t co dng
A. x 4cos(10 2 t + /6)cm.
Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

B. x 4cos(10 2 t + 2/3)cm.
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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

Dao ng c hc

C. x 4cos(10 2 t /6)cm.

D. x 4cos(10 2 t + /3)cm.

Cu 3. Mt vt dao ng vi bin 6cm. Lc t = 0, con lc qua v tr co li x 3 2 cm theo

chiu dng vi gia tc co ln 2 /3cm/s2. Phng trnh dao ng ca con lc l :
A. x = 6cos9t(cm)

B. x 6cos(t/3 /4)(cm).

C. x 6cos(t/3 /4)(cm).

D. x 6cos(t/3 /3)(cm).

Cu 4. Mt vt co khi lng m = 1kg dao ng iu ho vi chu k T 2s. Vt qua VTCB vi

vn tc v0 31,4cm/s. Khi t 0, vt qua v tr co li x 5cm ngc chiu dng qu o. Ly
210. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l :
A. x 10cos(t +5/6)cm. B. x 10cos(t + /3)cm.
C. x 10cos(t /3)cm. D. x 10cos(t 5/6)cm.
Cu 5. Mt con lc l xo gm qu cu nh v co cng k 80N/m. Con lc thc hin 100 dao
ng ht 31,4s. Chn gc thi gian l lc qu cu co li 2cm v ang chuyn ng theo chiu
dng ca trc ta vi vn tc co ln 40 3 cm/s, th phng trnh dao ng ca qu cu l
A. x 4cos(20t /3)cm.

B. x 6cos(20t + /6)cm.

C. x 4cos(20t + /6)cm.

D. x 6cos(20t /3)cm.

Cu 6. Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng m=0,4kg k=40N/m ko qu cu lch khi v tr cn

bng 8cm ri th cho dao ng. chn gc to ti v tr cn bng, chiu dng hng ln trn,
gc thi gian lc th vt. PT dao ng ca con lc l:
A. x 8. cos(10.t

)(cm ) B. x 8cos(20t ) cm

C. x 8 cos(20 t )cm

D. x 8cos(20t )cm

Cu 7: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi tn s goc

10 5rad / s . Ti thi im t = 0 vt co li

x = 2cm v co tc l 20 15cm / s . Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l:

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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Ti liu Luyn thi THPT quc gia Mn Vt l nm 2017

B. x 2cos(10 5t

5
)cm
6

D. x 4cos(10 5t

A. x 2cos(10 5t )cm
C. x 4cos(10 5t

Dao ng c hc

)cm

)cm
3

Cu 8: Mt vt dao ng iu ho c sau 1/8 s th ng nng li bng th nng. Qung ng vt

i c trong 0,5s l 16cm. Chn gc thi gian lc vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu m. Phng
trnh dao ng ca vt l:

A. x 8cos(2 )cm

B. x 8cos(2 )cm

C. x 4cos(4 )cm

D. x 4cos(4 )cm

Cu 9: Mt vt dao ng iu ho khi qua v tr cn bng vt co vn tc v = 20 cm/s. Gia tc cc

i ca vt l amax = 2m/s2. Chn t = 0 l lc vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu m ca trc to .
Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l
A. x = 2cos(10t).

B. x = 2cos(10t + /2).

C. x = 2cos(10t + ).

D. x = 2cos(10t /2)

Cu 10: (H 2013) Mt vt nh dao ng iu ha dc theo trc Ox vi bin 5 cm, chu k 2 s.

Ti thi im t = 0, vt i qua cn bng O theo chiu dng. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l

A. x 5cos(t ) (cm)
2

C. x 5 cos(2t ) (cm)
2

B. x 5 cos(2t ) (cm)
2

D. x 5cos(t )
2

Gii 1: A= 5cm; =2 /T= 2/2 = rad/s.

Khi t= 0 vt i qua cn bng O theo chiu dng: x=0 v v>0 => cos = 0 => = -/2 . Chn A.
Gii 2:Dng my tnh Fx570ES: Mode 2 ; Shift mode 4: Nhp: -5i = shift 2 3 = kt qu 5 -/2.

Hocmai.vn Hc thi ,hc lm ,hc chung sng .

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