Nhiem Vu Van Hanh He Thong Dien 8895

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Trung tm iu HT min Bc
10/2005
NHIM V VN HNH H THNG IN

I.
c im vn hnh trm.
Trm bin p gi vai tr quan trng trong dy chuyn truyn ti in nng
t cc nh my in n ni tiu th . Cng tc iu hnh trm bin p c
cc ni dung v c im sau :
- Vic thc hin cc thao tc thit b phi m bo an ton, khng
xy ra s c ch quan.
- X l nhanh, chnh xc cc s c nhm m bo gim thi gian mt
in, khng s c lan rng.
- Theo di v pht hin kp thi cc h hng ca thit b ch ng
a thit b ra sa cha.
- Bo m cc thng s vn hnh, ghi nhn chnh xc v kp thi pht
hin, bo co cc trng hp thit b vn hnh vt qu thng s dnh
mc. Gi vng cht lng in p . Vn hnh ti u h thng, tit
kim in nng, gp phn gim gi thnh v tn tht trong khu
truyn ti in nng .
II.
Nhng yu cu i vi nhn vin trc trm.

-
a. c tnh :
C kh nng cng tc c lp, ng x v gii quet , i ph c
tnh hung phc tp trong tng thi im nht nh .
C tinh thn k lut , tc phong gng mu.
C tinh thn trch nhim trong lao ng sn xut .
C tinh thn hc hi tch lu kin thc v k thut v chuyn mn
sn sng gii quyt cc s c v tr ngi trong vn hnh .
b. Nhy bn trong nhn xt:
C gic quan tt , nhy bn pht hin kp thi cc trng thi bt
thng ca thit b .
c. Trnh chuyn mn
- C kh nng chuyn mn v k thut li in, thit b , h thng rle
bo v o lng, an ton in ......
- Nm vng thng s vn hnh thit b.
Hiu cc tiu chun cho php trong vn hnh (in p , tn s, dng in
..)
- Nm vng quy tnh vn hnh thit b
- Nm vng quy trnh an ton.
- Nm cc bin php kim tra, theo di , iu chnh t/b trong vn hnh
.
- Phn tch c nguyn nhn s c ...
1

10/2005
III. Nhim v ca nhn vin vn hnh

( Theo quy trnh nhim v ca cn b nhn vin vn hnh trm 110kV)
Khi vn hnh bnh thng .
Khi xy ra s c.
Ch bo co.
Cc quy nh v trc ca..
IV. Mt s kin thc c bn trong vn hnh .

1. Th no l tro lu cng sut :
Tro lu cng sut l s phn b cng sut ( tc dng , phn khng) gia cc
im nt trong mng in. S phn b cng sut da vo cc yu t sau :
- Tng tr ca ng dy.
- in p cc im nt.
Ti mt im nt , s phn b cng sut phi tho mn nh lut Kirchoff 1.
2. Th no l mt n nh h thng .
Khi h thng lm vic bnh thng lun c : Ppht = Ptiu th
Thc t HT c lc xy ra dao ng tc l Ppht Ptiu th
Dao ng nh HT c kh nngt tr li trng thi n nh - n nh
tnh. Nu dao ng nh HT khng tr v trng thi n nh ban u
: HT mt nh tnh.
Dao ng ln (khi s c ) nu sau khi c dao ng HT tr v trng
thi n nh : HT n nh ng . Nu sau dao ng ln HT khng
tr v trng thi n nh :HT mt n nh ng.
3. Ti sao tn s dng in thay i khi h thng mt n nh .
Khi HT n nh , cc my pht in vn gi tc lm vic khng thay i
. Khi HT mt n nh, h thng ri vo trng
vi tc ng b : = 0
thi khng ng b khi 0 Do tn s dng in thay i khi h thng
mt n nh .
4. Phn bit ch vn hnh : Bnh thng, bt thng, s c i vi thit b,
trm.
a. i vi thit b :
- Trng thi v/h bnh thng : Cc thng s thit b khng vt qu tr
s cho php .
- Trng thi bt thng : L trng thi thit b vn hnh vi phm ch
nh mc ca thit b hoc gim chc nng nhng cha ngng
thit b.
- Trng thi s c : Tnh trng vi phm nghim trng cc gi tr nh
mc v chc nng t/b, phi tch thit b ra khi vn hnh .
2

10/2005
b. i vi trm :
- Tnh trng vn hnh bnh thng ca trm : Khi cc thit b , cc
phng thc vn hnh c bn u hot ng c trong ch nh mc
.
- Trng thi bt thng ca trm : Mt s thit b ca trm ang trng
thi bt thng hay s c nhng trm vn ch b ngng hn chc nng
chnh ( cung cp in cho ph ti ) d c th gim bt nng lc .
Trng thi s c :Trm ngng chc nng chnh do s c cc thit b . (
Khng cn cung cp in cho ph ti mc d cn in t dng
AC,DC...)
5. nh hng in p i vi li in :
in p gim lm gim v cng pht, in p tng lm tng tn tht khng
ti MBA, tng tn tht cng sut trn ng dy.
6. Bin php iu chnh in p :
- Tng ngun cng sut v cng i vi MF.
- /C u phn th ca MBA.
- a t b vo lm vic.
- Thay i kt cu li thay i tro lu cng sut v cng
- Ct ti .
7. So snh hai tiu chun cht lng in nng : Tn s f v in p U.
Hng mc
nh mc
Tc thi
lch
Ti u
nh hng
Cn bng cng sut
iu kin iu chnh
Tn s
1 gi tr
1 gi tr trong h thng
in p
Nhiu gi tr- nhiu cp
Nhiu gi tr( nhiu cp
nhiu im cng 1 cp)
0,2 %
0,5 %
Bng fdm
C th khch Udm
Theo P
Theo Q
Ton h thng
Va ton h rhng va
cc b
- P trong h thng
- Q trong h thng
- Thc hin tp trung ti
- Thc hin ti ch
bt k nh my no
thiu Q
V.
Phn loi s .
1. S kt cu : Dng giai on u ca thit k cho khai nim chung v
kt cu li .
2. S chc nng : L s chi tit hn s kt cu, cho bit cc thng s
ph cp v ton din cc phn t . S ny tnh ton ngn mch la
chn thit b ...
3

10/2005
3. S nguyn l :V tt c cc phn t cn thit thit b lm vic bnh

thng ( MC in, kh c in,MBA...) cc ng lin lc in gia chng .
- S 1 si : ( 1 dy )
- S nhiu dy : Mi mch ( pha ) v thnh ng ring...
- Tu theo nhim v s nguyn l c phn ra: S nht th , s
nh th, s tng hp .
4. S nht th :Cn gi l s mch ng lc .
5. S nh th : Cn gi l s mch th cp : Bao gm s mch o
lng, bo v , iu khin thit b in, s tn hiu , t ng ho ...
6. S hn hp : L s y m t cng trong mt bn v.
7. S bo v .
8. S o lng :
9. S tn hiu :
10.: S t ng ho :Gm rle v thit b t ng
11.. S iu khin : Gm cc thit b iu khin t xa
VI. Phn tch mt s s ni in chnh cc trm 110kV.
1. S ng dy v my bin p .
2. S mt thanh ci :
- u im : n gin , gi r, cu dao lm ng nhim v an ton khi
cng tc.
- Khuyt im : Ngng in khi sa cha thanh ci, Ngng cung cp
cho ph ti khi sa cha MC ng dy. ngn mch TC mt ton b
- Ap dng cho trm nh. ch c 1 ngun .
3. S h thng thanh ci phn on : Dao cch ly phn on ( CDPD v MCP
) , MC phn on .
4. S h thng 1 thanh ci ng vng :
- u im : Khng mt in khi sa cha MC ng dy
- Khuyt im : Khi s c thanh cai.
- p dng : trm nh
5. S hai thanh ci :
6. S thanh ci c phn on :
- Phn on 1 thanh ci.
- Phn on 2 thanh ci.
7. S 2 thanh ci v 1 thanh ci ng vng .
8. S 2 h thng thanh ci vi hai MC trn mi mch .
9. S cu i vi trm bin p :
- Cu ngoi : MCC t pha ngoi MC, MBA...
- Cu trong : MCC t pha trong MC v MBA

10/2005
10. S cu a gic : Thanh ci khp kn thnh 1 vng. Phn on bng my ct

thaeo s mch, nhnh t thanh ci ra khng t MC ch dng DCL. Mt MC dng
cho 2 mch. Tng MC bng tng s mch..

10/2005
chng I: gii thiu chung:

.1: Gii thiu v h thng in vit nam:
H thng in (HT) th hin s thng nht ca qu trnh sn xut, truyn
ti v tiu th in nng. Mt HT l s tp hp v kt ni c t chc cc nh my
in (NM), trm bin p (TBA), ng dy truyn ti, li in phn phi v cc
h tiu th in nng.
Cc NM gm : nhit in (N) (than, du, kh ...), thy in (T), Diesel..
TBA truyn ti : Nng in p u cc MF ln cp in p truyn ti 500,
220, 110 kV ( h p ) hoc kt ni gia cc HT c cc cp in p khc nhau
trong cc mch vng truyn ti.
Cc ng dy truyn ti ch lc thng c ni thnh cc mch vng khp
kn. S hnh tia thng c s dng trong li in phn phi.
TBA phn phi: Lm nhim v h p, t cp in p truyn ti xung cp
trung p, h p.
HT Vit nam bao gm 3 HT Bc, Trung, Nam c lin kt vi nhau bi
mch kp ng dy truyn ti 500 kV :
+ Ho Bnh (HB) Nho quan (NQ) - H Tnh (HT)- Nng (N)- Plycu (PLC)
(L = 1083.27 km).
+ Thng Tn (TT) Nho quan (NQ) H Tnh (HT)- Nng (N)- Plycu
(PLC) (L = 1012.56 km).
Tng chiu di ng dy 500 kV l 3282.17 km , vi 11 trm bin p 500 kV:
Ho Bnh, Nho Quan, Thng Tn, H Tnh, Nng, Plycu, Yali, Tn Bnh, Ph
Lm, Nh B, Ph M.
Hin ti HT VN c 24 NM c ln v trung bnh, mt s nh my, trm
diesel v thy in nh. Tng cng sut t hn 11176 MW :
Thu in
12345-
Ho Bnh
Thc B
Thc M
Vnh Sn
Tr An
= 4192
MW
1920
120
150
68
430
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
Nhit in
121314151617
Ph Li ( I-II
)
Ung
B
Ninh Bnh
Na dng
Nomura
Cao Ngn
6-
a Nhim
160
MW
789-
Yaly
Sng Hinh
Hm Thun
720
70
300
MW
MW
MW
18- B Ra
19- Ph M (4)
20- Cn Th
176
MW
21- Th c
10- amy
Tuabin kh
= 1533
MW
440 + 600
110
100
110
58
115
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
= 4864
MW
350
3912
136
MW
MW
MW
91
MW

11- Cn n
78
10/2005
MW
22- Hip phc

Nhit in du
23- Th c
24- Cn Th
Cc MF Diesel
v thu in nh
397
MW
375
= 190
157
33
MW
MW
MW
MW

10/2005
I.2: Gii thiu v h thng in Min Bc :

1. Bao gm 5 NM Ngnh in:
1- Ho Bnh
8 x 240 MW =
1920 MW
2- Thc B
3 x 40 MW =
120
MW
3- Ph Li I
4 x 110 MW =
440
MW
Ph Li II 2 x 300 MW =
600
MW
4- Ung B
2 x 55
MW =
110
MW
5- Ninh Bnh
4 x 25
MW =
100
MW
2. 8 NM ngoi ngnh: Cao Ngn, m H bc, Bi bng, Nomura, N Li, Cc

san, Nm mu, Na dng.
3. 19 TBA 220/110 kV : do Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 qun l.
E1.3, E1.4, E1.6
E2.1, E3.7, E6.2, E9.2, E15.1, E23.1,
E28.1, E4.4
E1.19, E2.9, E5.8, E5.9, E7.6, E9.10,
E10.5, E11.1
Tng cng sut t cc MBA 220 kV =
2 x 250
MVA
2 x 125
MVA
1 x 125
MVA
4500
MVA
4. 148 trm 110 kV : Do cc CTL v cc in lc Tnh, Thnh ph qun l.

5. Cc ng dy truyn ti 220 kV/110 kV:
o Tng chiu di cc ng dy 220 kV ( 41 /d): 2080.2 km
o Tng chiu di cc ng dy 110 kV ( 145 /d): 5129.9 km
o Cc mch vng 220, 110 kV
6. Ph ti h thng :
Pmax :
Pmin :
2900 - 3200 MW
1500 - 1700 MW
7. Thnh phn ph ti :
- Cng nghip :
chim 41,9%
- Sinh hot :
chim 47,4%
- Nng nghip : chim 1,7%
- Cc ph ti khc :
chim 9%

10/2005
I.3: M hnh t chc v phn cp qun l:

1.M hnh t chc ngnh in Vit nam : (Xem s t chc ph lc Trnh iu HT Quc Gia )
2. Phn cp qun l :
EVN : L c quan u no ca ngnh in Vit nam, ch o ton b cc hot
ng lin quan n lnh vc sn xut v kinh doanh in nng trn phm vi c
nc.
Cc NM : Gi vai tr sn xut in nng theo k hoch ca Tng cng ty
giao, qun l vn hnh i vi cc thit b ca nh my .
CTTT1 : Lm nhim v qun l vn hnh cc trm bin p v cc ng dy
truyn ti c cp in p 220 kV ( trn a bn cc tnh min Bc) v ng dy
500 kV Ho bnh T500 H tnh, trm T500 H tnh .
CTLHN : Lm nhim v qun l vn hnh, kinh doanh bn in trn a bn
H ni .
CTLHP : Lm nhim v qun l vn hnh, kinh doanh bn in trn a bn
Hi phng.
CTL TNHH MTV Hi dng : Lm nhim v qun l vn hnh, kinh doanh
bn in trn a bn Hi dng.
CTL TNHH MTV Ninh bnh : Lm nhim v qun l vn hnh, kinh doanh
bn in trn a bn Ninh bnh.
CTL1 : L c quan ch o cng tc qun l vn hnh, kinh doanh bn in
trn a bn min Bc, bao gm 25 in lc Tnh .
Cc in lc thuc CTL1 : Lm nhim v qun l vn hnh, kinh doanh bn
in trn a bn cc tnh, thnh ph min Bc, bao gm cc trm bin p v
ng dy c cp in p t 110 kV tr xung thuc in lc .
chng II: mT s kin thc c bn:

II.1 . My bin p
1-nh ngha :
L thit b in t lm vic trn nguyn l cm ng in t, bin i mt h
thng dng in xoay chiu in p ny thnh mt h thng dng in xoay
chiu in p khc vi tn s khng i .
2-Nhim v :
MBA ch lm nhim v truyn ti hay phn phi nng lng (ch khng phi
chuyn ho nng lng )
a - Cc thng s c bn ca MBA :
9

10/2005
- Cng sut nh mc (Sm): L cng sut ton phn ( biu kin ) a ra pha
th cp ca mba ( n v tnh VA, kVA, MVA )
- U1m : L in p dy nh mc ca cun s cp (V, kV)
- U2m : L in p dy pha th cp khi mba khng ti v in p pha s cp l
nh mc (V, kV )
- I1m, I2m : L dng in dy nh mc ca cun s cp v th cp ng vi
cng sut nh mc v in p nh mc .
i vi mba 1pha : Im = Sm/Um
i vi mba 3pha : Im = Sm/Um .3
- Tn s nh mc : Thng l 50 Hz
- in p ngn mch Un% : L i lng c trng cho in tr v in khng
tn ca dy qun MBA, thng c biu din bng t l phn trm so vi in
p nh mc :
Un% =Un/Um .100 = Im .Zn /Um .100
b - Cu to ca MBA : Gm cc b phn chnh sau y :
- Li thp : gm 2 phn : tr v gng .
- Dy qun :
- V my, bnh gin du
- ng bo him
- B chuyn nc phn p
Cch u dy : thng theo s Y/
Cc iu kin ca mba lm vic song song :
1. T ni dy ging nhau.
2. T s bin in p (k) bng nhau hoc chnh lch khng qu 0,5%.
3. in p ngn mch ( Un%) chnh lch khng qu 10%.
4. Hon ton ng v pha.
II.2: Dao cch ly (DCL)
1-Nhim v v cng dng :
- To nn khong h khng kh cnh in trng thy c gia b phn c
ct in v b phn ang mang in m bo an ton cho ngi sa cha cc
thit b in .
- Nh c DCL, khi sa cha mt thit b in ny c th khng phi ngng cc
thit b bn cnh .
2- Cu to :
-
Li dao .
Khung
S
B truyn ng :
a) DCL 1 pha khng c b truyn ng : Dng so cch in c mc
u thao tc (chm, nguy him )
b) DCL 3 pha c b truyn ng :
- BT bng tay : n gin, m bo r tin .
- BT bng ng c : Dng cho cc DCL c Im 3 kA cc nh my.
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10/2005
3- Nguyn tc vn hnh :
-
Khng c dng ng ct cc dng in ln .

Dng ng ct khng in .
ng ct cc mch vng con ( in p gia 2 u tip xc nh nhau )
ng ct dng in np thanh ci .
II.3: My ct in (MC)
1-Nhim v v yu cu :
- MC dng ng ct cc mch in p khi c ph ti v ct dng in ngn

mch.
- MC cn c kh nng ct dng in ngn mch, thi gian ct ngn mch
ngn, an ton khi ng ct, c th ng ct mt s ln nht nh mi phi sa
cha.
2-Phn loi :
Cn c vo phng php dp h quanh v bin php cch in gia cc b
phn c th phn loi MC nh sau:
- MC nhiu du : Dng du cch in v sinh kh khi p tt h quang.
- MC t du : Cch in l cht rn, du ch dng sinh kh dp tt h quang.
- MC t sinh kh : S dng vt liu cch in rn sinh kh di tc dng ca
nhit cao v ca h quang. Cch in trong MC cng l vt liu cch in
rn.
- MC khng kh: Dp h quang bng khng kh nn, cch in gia cc b phn
l vt liu cch in rn.
- MC kh : Dp h quang bng kh ( kh tr ) c bn v in t v kh nng
dp tt h quang cao.
- MC t : H quang c dp tt trong khe h hp lm bng vt liu rn. H
quang c ko vo khe h nh lc in t.
- MC chn khng: H quang c dp tt trong mi trng chn khng.
- MC ph ti : Khng dng ct dng ngn mch, m ch dng ct dng
ph ti, dp h quang bng kh sinh ra di tc dng nhit cao ca h quang.
3-Cc thng s ca MC :
- Dng ct nh mc :
+ L dng ngn mch 3 pha hiu dng ton phn ln nht m my ct c th
ct c.
+ c xc nh bng thc nghim.
+ Yu cu MC phi ct c dng nh mc theo chu trnh :
C - 180s - /C - 180s - /C
- Dng ng nh mc : L dng ngn mch 3 pha dng ton phn ln nht m
my ct c th ng vo m khng lm cho cc u tip im b hn dnh li
hoc b nhng h hng khc.
My ct in SF6 -331
11

10/2005
1-Cng dng :
- L loi MC c ch to lm vic trong li in xoay chiu ba pha tn s
50/60 Hz in p n 123 kV.
- S dng kh SF6 lm cch in v dp h quang. SF6 trong iu kin t nhin l
kh khng mu, khng mi, khng c hi. nhit mi trng 200 C v p
lc P=1bar th SF6 c bn cch in gp 3 5 ln cch in khng kh .
2-Cu to :
My ct c cu to t cc b phn chnh l : 3pha, b truyn ng v khung .
Mi pha ca my ct gm mt tr c bung dp h quang cho mt khong ct.
Ba pha ca my ct c iu khin chung bng mt b chuyn ng kiu l xo
ln dy ct bng ng c .
My ct c kh nng thc hin chu trnh thao tc :
C - 0.3s - /C - 3pht - /C
C ng h gim st p lc kh SF6. Khi p lc kh gim s c tn hiu bo,
ng thi gi tip im kho mch iu khin thao tc my ct.
B sy t trong t truyn ng ngn s ngng ng hi nc bn trong t .
II.4: My bin in p (TU)

1- Cng dng :
L MBA c in p th cp bng 100V hay 1003 V dng cung cp
ngun cho cc mch BVRL, t ng, o lng.
2-Phn loi v cu to :
a) Theo s pha : Chia thnh TU 1pha ,TU 3pha .
b) Theo phng php lm mt :
- TU kh : Lm mt bng khng kh .
- TU du : Lm mt bng du .
c) Cu to ca TU : Tng t nh cu to MBA .
Vi in p s cp ln hn 500V, cun dy th cp c ni t phng
h hng gia cao v h p.
3-Nguyn l lm vic :
- Tng t nh MBA nhng TU c cng sut nh, ch vi chc n vi trm VA.
- Do tng tr mch ngoi rt ln nn c th coi TU lun lm vic ch khng
ti .
4-S u dy :
a) Hai bin in p 1pha ni theo s V/V .
b) Bin in p ba pha ba tr ni Y/Y .
c) BA ba pha nm tr ni Y/Y/ : ph bin nht
12

10/2005
II.5: My bin dng in (TI)

1- Cng dng :
L thit b dng bin i dng in s cp ln xung dng in th cp
b (thng = 1A;5A) cung cp cho cc thit b o lng, RLBV, t ng ho.
2-c im :
a) Cun s cp c ni trc tip vi mng in v c s vng rt t (khi dng
s cp ln hn 600A, cun s cp ch c 1 vng ), cn cun th cp li c s
vng nhiu hn (ngc vi TU).
b) Ph ti pha th cp ca TI rt nh nn c th coi nh TI lun lm vic tnh
trng ngn mch pha th cp.
13

10/2005
chng III:Quy trnh iu h thng in quc gia

( Trch Quy Trnh iu HT Quc Gia - Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
56/2001/Q-BCN ngy 26/11/2001 ca B Trng B Cng nghip )
III.1: phn cp iu HT Quc gia
iu 1- Quy trnh ny quy nh phn cp iu , trch nhim, quyn hn, nhim
v ca cc cp iu thuc H thng in Quc gia, ng thi quy nh trch
nhim, quyn hn, nhim v ca cc t chc, c nhn trong nc v nc ngoi
tham gia hot ng in lc v s dng in trn lnh th Vit Nam c hot ng
lin quan n cng tc iu H thngin Quc gia.
iu 2- Mi t chc, c nhn trong nc v nc ngoi tham gia hot ng in
lc v s dng in trn lnh trn lnh th Vit Nam, c u ni vi H thng in
Quc gia phi thc hin nghim chnh cc quy nh ca Quy trnh ny.
...
iu 5 - iu HT Vit Nam c phn thnh 3 cp:
1. Cp iu HT Quc gia: l cp ch huy iu cao nht ca ton b
HT Quc gia. Cp iu HT Quc gia do c quan Trung tm iu HT
Quc gia (gi tt l Ao) m nhim.
2. Cp iu HT min: l cp ch huy iu HT min, chu s ch huy
trc tip ca cp iu HT Quc gia. Cp iu HT min do cc Trung tm
iu HT min (iu min Bc, iu min Nam, iu min Trung
gi tt l A1, A2, A3) m nhim.
3. Cp iu li in phn phi: l cp ch huy iu li in phn
phi, chu s ch huy trc tip v iu ca cp iu HT min tng ng.
Cp iu li in phn phi do cc Trung tm hoc phng iu ca cc
Cng ty in lc c lp, cc in lc tnh, thnh ph thuc Cng ty in lc 1, 2,
3 m nhim.
iu 6- Ngi trc tip ch huy iu HT Quc gia l K s iu hnh HT
Quc gia trc ban ( sau y gi l KSH HT Quc gia).
iu 7- Trong cng tc iu HT, nhn vin vn hnh trc ban cp di trc
tip ca KSH HT Quc gia (i vi cc thit b thuc quyn iu khin) gm:
1- KSH HT Min.
2- Trng ca cc NM.
3- Trng kp cc trm 500KV.
iu 8- Ngi trc tip ch huy iu HT min l KSH HT min trc ban.
iu 9- Trong cng tc iu HT, nhn vin vn hnh cp di trc tip ca
KSH HT min (i vi cc thit b thuc quyn iu khin) gm :
1- Trng ca NM trong min.
2- Trng kp trm bin p 500kV, 220kV, 110kV, 66kV trong min.
3- iu vin li in phn phi trong min.
4- Trng kp trm Diezen, trm b, trm thu in nh trong min.
iu 10- Ngi trc tip ch huy vn hnh li in phn phi l V li in
phn phi trc ban.
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iu 11- Trong cng tc vn hnh li in phn phi, nhn vin vn hnh cp

di trc tip ca V li in phn phi (i vi cc thit b thuc quyn iu
khin) gm:
1- Trng kp cc trm bip p phn phi, trm trung gian, trm b, trm
diezen v thu in nh trong li in phn phi.
2- Trc ban cc n v c s trc thuc.
3- Trng kp cc trm bin p 220kV, 110kV, 66kV.
4- Trng ca cc NM (i vi cc NM c cp in cho khu vc a
phng cp in p 35kV).
iu 12- M hnh t chc, phn cp quyn iu khin v kim tra ca cc cp iu
c quy nh Ph lc 1 ca Quy trnh iu HT Quc gia.
III.2: nhim v ca cc n v
tham gia cng tc iu HT Quc gia
iu 13- Nhim v trng tm ca cng tc iu HT Quc gia:
1- Cung cp in an ton, lin tc;
2- m bo s hot ng n nh ca ton b HT Quc gia;
3- m bo cht lng in nng;
4- m bo HT Quc gia vn hnh kinh t nht.
iu 15 - Nhim v ch yu ca cp iu HT Quc gia:
( Trch mt s im chnh trong Quy trnh iu HT Quc gia)
1. Ch huy iu HT Quc gia nhm m bo cho HT Quc gia vn hnh an
ton, lin tc, n nh, cht lng m bo v kinh t.
2. Lp phng thc vn hnh c bn cho ton HT Quc gia.
3. Lp phng thc vn hnh ngy.
4. Tnh ton ch vn hnh HT Vit Nam ng vi cc thi k.
5. Ch huy iu chnh tn s, in p (ti nt chnh) ca HT Vit Nam. Ch huy
vn hnh cc NM.
6. Ch huy thao tc v x l s c h thng 500kV.
7. Tnh ton sa thi ph ti theo tn s.
2- Nhim v ca cp iu HT min: (Chng III, Mc 3, iu 16 - bao gm
22 nhim v)
Chp hnh s ch huy ca cp iu HT Quc gia trong vic iu HT
min.
Ch huy iu HT min nhm mc ch cung cp in n nh an ton m
bo cht lng in nng v kinh t.
Lp s kt dy c bn ca HT min.
Cn c vo phng thc huy ng ngun ca cp iu Quc gia lp phng
thc vn hnh HT min hng ngy.
Huy ng cc ngun in thuc quyn iu khin.
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iu chnh cc ngun cng sut phn khng (bao gm cc NM, ngun cng
sut phn khng ca khch hng). iu chnh nc MBA 220, 110, 66kV m
bo in p ti cc nt.
Xc nh ni t cc b phn t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s.
Trc tip ch huy thao tc v x l s c trong HT min.
3- Nhim v ch yu ca cp iu li in phn phi: (Chng III, Mc 4,
iu 17 - bao gm 21 nhim v)
- Chp hnh s ch huy ca cp iu HT min trong vn hnh li in
phn phi thuc quyn iu khin.
- Ch huy vn hnh li in phn phi nhm cung cp in an ton lin tc, tin
cy v kinh t.
- Lp s kt dy c bn ca li in phn phi.
- Lp phng thc vn hnh ngy.
- iu chnh ngun v cng (k c KH), iu chnh nc MBA.
- Huy ng ngun in nh.
- Theo di kim tra nm tnh hnh ngun in ca KH c ni li sn sng
tho lun vi KH huy ng khi c yu cu.
- Theo di kim tra s hot ng ca b t ng sa thi theo tn s.
- Ch huy thao tc v x l s c trong li in phn phi thuc quyn iu
khin.
4- Nhim v ca cc n v tham gia cng tc iu : (Chng III, Mc 5)
a- Nhim v ca NM: (iu 18 - 10 nhim v)
1. T chc cng tc qun l k thut, qun l vn hnh m bo cho thit b ca
NM vn hnh n nh v d phng mc sn sng vn hnh cao nht.
2. Thc hin phng thc vn hnh ngy, tun, thng, nm do cc cp iu giao.
3. Lp phng thc kt dy c bn ca h thng t dng ca NM, m bo cc
phng thc vn hnh c bn ca cc s cng ngh trong dy chuyn vn
hnh thit b sao cho NM vn hnh an ton v kinh t.
4. Qun l cng tc sa cha nh k cc thit b thuc quyn qun l. Lp lch theo
di, ng k sa cha thit b theo ng quy nh hin hnh. Thc hin cng tc
sa cha thit b theo lch c duyt m bo cht lng, ng tin .
5. T chc thc hin cng tc khc phc s c trong MN, nhanh chng bn giao
thit b vo vn hnh trong thi gian ngn nht sau s c. Ch ng phn tch,
tm nguyn nhn v ra cc bin php phng nga s c.
6. Bo co tnh hnh s c, hin tng bt thng ca thit b cho cc cp iu
c lin quan phi hp phn tch, tm nguyn nhn v ra cc bin php
phng nga s c.
7. Cung cp ti liu k thut, thng s k thut, thng s vn hnh, quy trnh vn
hnh thit b ca nh my cho cc cp iu thc hin tnh ton ch vn
hnh, chnh nh r le bo v v t ng trn ton HT Quc gia khi c yu cu.
8. m bo phng thc, thit b sn sng khi ng en ca nh my ( nu c)
9. T chc in tp x l s c v din tp phng chy, cha chy theo k hoch
ra ca nh my, tham gia din tp x l s c ton HT Quc gia.
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10. T chc bi dng, hun luyn, o to cn b, nhn vin vn hnh m

bo trnh theo chc danh vn hnh.
b- Nhim v ca trng kp trm in: ( iu 23 - 5 nhim v)
- Chp hnh lnh ca cc cp iu (theo quyn iu khin).
- Thng xuyn theo di v kim tra thit b thuc quyn qun l ca trm
m bo vic vn hnh an ton, lin tc khng xy ra cc s c ch quan, x l kp
thi v ng quy trnh cc s c.
- Trng kp vn hnh trm chu trch nhim bo co vi lnh o v cc cp
iu tng ng v cc vn vn hnh thit b trong trm.
- Nm vng s , thng s k thut ch vn hnh ca thit b trong trm.
- Cung cp ti liu theo yu cu ca cc cp iu theo phn cp.
c- Nhim v ca trng ca vn hnh NM (iu 19 - 3 nhim v)
1. Chp hnh lnh ch huy iu ca cc cp iu ( theo quyn iu khin
xem iu 25 Quy trnh iu HT Quc gia )
2. Thc hin y nhim v, quyn hn, trch nhim trong mi quan h cng tc
vi cc cp iu quy nh trong Quy trnh iu HT Quc gia v quy nh
ring ca tng nh my.
3. Khi c s u quyn ca cp iu hoc khi s c dn n nh my tch li
pht c lp, Trng ca NM c quyn p dng cc bin php iu chnh tn
s m bo s vn hnh n nh ca t my v phi bo cao ngay vi iu
cp trn.
d- Nhim v ca cc Cng ty Truyn ti in (iu 20 - 9 nhim v)
e- Nhim v ca trc ban CTTT (iu 21 - 5 nhim v)
f- Nhim v ca cc cng ty in lc (iu 22 - 10 nhim v)
1.T chc cng tc qun l phc ti, qun l k thut, qun l vn hnh m bo
cc ng dy, trm in vn hnh an ton v lin tc
2. Lp lch theo di, ng k sa cha ng dy, thit b trong trm thuc quyn
qun l theo ng quy nh hin hnh. Thc hin cng tc sa cha ng dy,
thit b trong trm theo lch c duyt m bo cht lng, ng tin .
3. Cung cp tnh hnh ph ti, ti liu k thut, thng s k thut, quy trnh vn
hnh ng dy, thit b thuc quyn qun l cho cp iu HT Quc gia v
cp iu HT min thc hin tnh ton ch vn hnh, chnh nh r le
bo v v t ng trn ton HT khi c yu cu.
4. m bo s hot ng tin cy ca h thng r le bo v v t ng thuc quyn
qun l.
5. t tr s chnh nh cho h thng r le bo v v t ng thuc quyn qun l
theo phiu chnh nh ca cc cp iu theo phn cp.
6. Cung cp cho cc cp iu tng ng d kin thi gian a thm cc ph ti
ln do Cng ty qun l v thi gian chnh thc khi ph ti vo lm vic.
7. Lin h ly danh sch th t u tin ca cc t chc, c nhn s dng in trn
a bn do U ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng xc nh.
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Phi hp vi cc cp iu tng ng phn b cng sut v sn lng cho cc

n v in lc trong Cng ty khi c yu cu v gi cho cc cp iu thc
hin.
8. Ch ng tuyn truyn, gii thch, phi hp vi cc t chc, c nhn s dng
in trong cng tc iu ho nhu cu s dng in.
9. T chc bi dng, hun luyn, o to cn b, nhn vin vn hnh m bo
trnh theo chc danh vn hnh.
10. T chc Hi ng kim tra V li in phn phi, nhn vin vn hnh cc
trm in, trm b, trm diesel, trm thu in nh thuc quyn qun l c s
tham gia ca cc cp iu HT min tng ng.
iu 23 - Nhim v ca Trng kp trm in, trm b, trm diesel, trm thu in
nh:
1.Chp hnh lnh ch huy iu ca cc cp iu (theo quyn iu khin).
2.Thng xuyn theo di v kim tra thit b thuc quyn qun l ca trm, m
bo vic vn hnh an ton, lin tc, khng xy ra cc s c ch quan, x l cc
s c kp thi v ng quy trnh.
3.Trng kp vn hnh trm in chu trch nhim bo co vi Lnh o Trm,
Lnh o CTTT, Lnh o CTL v cc cp iu tng ng v cc vn vn
hnh thit b trong trm.
4. Nm vng s , thng s k thut, ch vn hnh ca thit b trong trm.
5. Cung cp s liu theo yu cu ca cc cp iu theo phn cp.
iu 24- Nhim v ca Cng ty Thng tin - Vin thng in lc:
1.T chc cng tc qun l (qun l k thut, qun l vn hnh) m bo thng tin
thng sut phc v cng tc iu HT Quc gia gia cp iu HT Quc
gia v cc n v thuc quyn iu khin ca cp iu HT Quc gia.
2.m bo s hot ng n nh v tin cy ca cc knh thng tin phc v h
thng bo v, t ng v truyn s liu ca cp iu HT Quc gia.
3.Phi hp vi cc b phn thng tin ca cc M, cc NM v cc CTTT
m bo thng tin phc v iu HT Quc gia.
4.Lp lch theo di, ng k sa cha cc knh vin thng in lc thuc quyn
qun l theo ng quy nh hin hnh. Thc hin cng tc sa cha theo lch
c duyt m bo cht lng, ng tin .
III.3: cng tc iu HT Quc Gia

Mc 1- Quyn iu khin v quyn kim tra thit b.
iu 25- Quyn iu khin v quyn kim tra thit b
1/ Quyn iu khin thit b ca mt cp iu l quyn ra lnh ch huy iu
thay i ch lm vic ca thit b ( thay i cng sut pht P/Q, khi ng,
ngng t my, ng, ct my ct v dao cch ly..).
2/ Mi s thay i ch lm vic ca thit b ch c tin hnh theo lnh ch huy
iu trc tip ca cp iu ny, tr trng hp quy nh ti iu 27.
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iu 26- Quyn kim tra thit b ca mt cp iu .

1/Quyn kim tra thit b ca mt cp iu l quyn cho php ra lnh ch huy
iu thay i hoc nm cc thng tin v ch lm vic ca thit b khng
thuc quyn iu khin ca cp iu ny.
2/ Mi lnh ch huy iu thay i ch lm vic ca thit b phi c s cho
php ca cp iu ny, tr trng hp quy nh ti iu 27, v sau khi thc hin
xong lnh ch huy iu thay i ch lm vic ca thit b phi bo co kt
qu cho cp iu c quyn kim tra.
iu 27- Quy nh iu khin trong cc trng hp vn hnh khng bnh thng:
1/ Trng hp x l s c, cc cp iu c quyn thay i ch lm vic
cc thit b thuc quyn iu khin trc, bo co sau cho cp iu c quyn
kim tra thit b ny.
2/Trng hp khn cp khng th tr hon c (chy hoc c nguy c e do n
tnh mng con ngi v an ton thit b) NM hoc trm in cho php Trng
ca (hoc Trng kp) tin hnh thao tc theo quy trnh m khng phi xin php
nhn vin vn hnh cp trn v phi chu trch nhim v thao tc x l s c ca
mnh. Sau khi x l xong phi bo co ngay cho nhn vin vn hnh cp trn c
quyn iu khin cc thit b ny.
Mc II. Ch ch huy iu h thng in Quc gia.

iu 29-Trung tm iu HT Quc gia:
1/L cp ch huy iu cao nht ca HT Quc gia, l ni pht i cc lnh ch
huy iu ti cp iu HT min, NM thuc quyn iu khin, CTTT,
trm 500kV v nhng n v khc c chc nng qun l vn hnh trong HT Quc
gia.
2/C nhim v truyn t ch th, lnh ca Lnh o Tng cng ty in lc Vit
nam ti cc n v lin quan n cng tc iu HT Quc gia.
iu 30- Trung tm iu HT min:
1/ L ni pht i cc lnh ch huy iu ti cp iu li in phn phi,
NM thuc quyn iu khin, CTTT, trm in v cc n v khc c chc nng
qun l vn hnh trong HT min.
2/ C nhim v truyn t ch th, lnh ca Lnh o Tng cng ty in lc Vit
nam hoc ca Gim c QG ti cc n v v bo co ca cc n v ln Tng
cng ty in lc Vit Nam hoc QG v cc vn lin quan n cng tc iu
HT min.
iu 31-iu li in phn phi:
1/ L ni pht i cc lnh ch huy iu ti trm in, trm b, trm diesel, trm
thu in nh thuc quyn iu khin v cc n v c chc nng qun l vn hnh
trc thuc CTL, in lc tnh, thnh ph.
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iu 32- Nhn vin vn hnh gm c KSH HT Quc gia, KSH HT min,

V li in phn phi, Trng ca NM v nhn vin vn hnh trm in, trm
b, trm diesel, trm thu in nh.
Nhn vin vn hnh lm vic theo ch ca, kp theo lch phn ca c
n v duyt. Nhng trng hp c bit, nu c s ng ca ngi xp lch
hoc Trng, ph phng trc tip th nhn vin vn hnh c th thay i ca cho
nhau.
iu 33- Lnh ch huy iu bng li ni phi do nhn vin vn hnh cp trn
truyn t trc tip ti nhn vin vn hnh cp di thng qua h thng thng tin
lin lc. Lnh ch huy iu phi ngn gn, r rng v chnh xc bao gm:
1/ Thng bo phng thc vn hnh ngy.
2/Cho php ngng d phng, ngng sa cha, tin hnh kim tra, th nghim v
cho php a vo vn hnh (bao gm c thit b sau k sa cha, thit b mi) cc
thit b thuc quyn iu khin.
3/iu chnh biu ph ti, phn b cn bng cng sut p ng tnh hnh thc
t.
4/Thay i tr s chnh nh r le bo v v t ng, nc phn p ca cc MBA
thuc quyn iu khin.
5/Ch huy thao tc thay i s ni dy, ch huy x l s c v cc hin tng bt
thng trong HT thuc quyn iu khin.
6/ Hn ch cng sut, sa thi hoc khi phc ph ti.
7/Chun y cc kin ngh v vn hnh thit b ca nhn vin vn hnh cp di.
iu 34-Nhn vin vn hnh cp di.
1/ C nhim v thi hnh chnh xc, khng chm tr v khng bn ci lnh ch huy
iu ca nhn vin vn hnh cp trn, tr nhng lnh nguy hi n ngi hoc
thit b th c php cha thc hin.
2/Nu khng c l do chnh ng v an ton m tr hon thc hin lnh ch huy
iu ca nhn vin vn hnh cp trn th nhn vin vn hnh cp di v Lnh
o n v gy ra s tr hon phi chu hon ton trch nhim v hu qu xy ra.
iu 35- Trong thi gian trc ban, nhn vin vn hnh phi:
1/ Thc hin so v chnh gi thng nht.
2/Nu r tn v chc danh trong mi lin h. Ni dung lin h phi c ghi chp
y vo s nht k vn hnh theo trnh t thi gian.
3/Ghi m mi lin h khi thao tc v x l s c ti iu v ti cc n v thao
tc, x l s c.
4/Khi xy ra s c, hin tng bt thng trong ca trc ca mnh, nhn vin vn
hnh phi thc hin ng cc iu quy nh trong quy trnh x l s c HT Quc
gia hin hnh v bo co nhng thng tin cn thit cho Lnh o n v v iu
cp trn bit (theo phn cp).
5/i vi s c nghim trng xy ra vi HTmin, NM, trm in th ngay sau
khi x l xong s c nhn vin vn hnh, trc ban CTTT phi c bn bo co
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nhanh gi v iu cp trn trc tip.Mc II - Ch bo co i vi cc n v

tham gia Cng tc vn hnh HT
Hng ngy cc NM, Trm in phi bo co vi cc cp iu theo phn
cp cc thng tin vn hnh thc t ca ngy gm :
Biu pht ca nh my t 0 gi n 24 gi.
- Tng in nng pht trong ngy ca nh my.
- Tnh hnh nhin liu (i vi cc nh my nhit in), mc nc h cha
(i vi cc nh my thy in).
- Thng s vn hnh ng dy, MBA.
- Tnh trng vn hnh cc thit b .
- Cc s c trong ngy .
Thi gian v cc biu mu bo co do cc cp iu quy nh.
Cc cp iu cp di phi bo co vi cc cp iu cp trn cc
thng tin vn hnh thc t ca ngy gm:
- Biu ph ti t 0 gi n 24 gi.
- Tng in nng tiu th trong ngy .
- Biu pht ca nh my t 0 gi n 24 gi, sn lng pht ra ca cc
NM thuc quyn iu khin.
- Tnh hnh nhin liu (i vi cc nh my nhit in), mc nc cc h
cha (i vi cc nh my thy in) thuc quyn iu khin.
- Tnh hnh vn hnh ca HT thuc quyn iu khin .
- Nhng s c xy ra trong HT thuc quyn iu khin (bao gm c vic
x l v khc phc hu qu) .
Thi gian v cc biu mu bo co do cc cp iu quy nh.
Khi cn thit, cc cp iu c quyn nm tnh hnh vn hnh, kim tra
thng s vn hnh ca cc thit b thuc quyn iu khin ca cp iu cp
di, ca NM v trm in c lin quan n vic ch huy vn hnh HT.
Cc n v c trch nhim bo co y v chnh xc tnh hnh, thng s
vn hnh ca cc thit b thuc quyn iu khin theo yu cu ca cc cp iu .
Sau cc s c, ngoi cc bo co ca nhn vin vn hnh, cc cp iu ,
cc n v qun l vn hnh thit b phi lm bo co bng vn bn gi v cc cp
in tng ng v cc n v cp trn. Bo co phi tng trnh din bin s c,
phn tch nguyn nhn v ra cc bin php phng.
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Mc III - Ch giao nhn ca

Nhn vin vn hnh cn c mt trc lc nhn ca t nht l5 pht tm hiu
nhng s vic xy ra t ca gn nht ca mnh n ca hin ti nm c r rng
tnh trng vn hnh ca cc thit b, HT thuc quyn iu khin v kim tra.
Trc khi nhn ca nhn vin vn hnh phi tm hiu :
l. Phng thc vn hnh trong ngy.
2. S ni dy ca HT thuc quyn iu khin v kim tra, lu nhng
thay i so vi kt dy c bn v tnh trng thit b .
3 . Nhng ghi chp trong s nht k vn hnh v s giao ca.
4 . Nhng thao tc a thit b ra khi vn hnh v a vo vn hnh, a
vo d phng theo k hoch s c thc hin trong ca.
5. Nhng iu lnh mi trong s iu lnh v s ghi cc bc in gi t cp
trn v cc n v;
6 . Nghe ngi giao ca truyn t trc tip nhng iu c th v ch vn
hnh, nhng lnh ca Lnh o cp trn m ca vn hnh phi thc hin v nhng
iu c bit ch hoc gii p nhng vn cha r;
7. Kim tra hot ng ca h thng SCADA/EMS/DMS\ ... v thng tin lin
lc.
8. Kim tra trt t v sinh ni lm vic, thit b v dng c dng trong ca;
9. Cc ni dung c th khc theo quy nh ring ca tng n v.
10. K tn vo s giao nhn ca.
Trc khi giao ca nhn vin vn hnh cn phi:
1. Hon thnh cc cng vic s v trong ca gm: Ghi s giao ca, tnh ton
thng s, cc ti liu vn hnh khc theo quy nh ca tng n v, v sinh cng
nghip.
2. Thng bo mt cch ngn gn. chnh xc v y cho ngi nhn ca
nhng thay i ca HT, ca cc thit b cng nhng lnh, ch th mi c lin quan
n vn hnh trong ca mnh;
3. Thng bo cho ngi nhn ca nhng hin tng bt thng xy ra
trong ca mnh v nhng hin tng khch quan ang e d n ch lm vic
bnh thng ca HT, ca thit b;
4. Gii thch thc mc ca ngi nhn ca v nhng vn h cha r;
5. K tn vo s giao ca sau khi ngi nhn ca k .
Th tc giao ca c thc hin xong khi nhn vin vn hnh giao v nhn
u k tn vo s giao ca. K t khi k nhn ca nhn vin vn hnh nhn ca c
dy quyn hn v trch nhim thc hin nhng nhim v ca mnh trong ca trc.
Sau khi nhn ca KSH HT min phi bo co vi KSH HT Quc
gia:
l. Tn ca KSH HT min;
2. S kt dy HT min v nhng lu ;
3. Tnh trng v kh nng huy ng cng sut tc dng, phn khng ca
ngun in thuc quyn iu khin;
4. Tnh hnh vn hnh ca HT min, nhng thao tc chnh s thc hin
trong ca;
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5. Nhng kin ngh vi KSH HT Quc gia v phng thc huy ng

ngun trong min.
6 . Tnh hnh thng tin lin lc gia cp iu HT min vi cp iu
HT Quc gia .
Sau khi nhn ca, V li in phn phi phi bo co cho KSH HT
min nhng vn sau :
l. Tn ca cc V.
2. S kt dy v tnh hnh vn hnh li in phn phi thuc quyn iu
khin.
3. Tnh trng v kh nng huy dng cng sut tc dng, phn khng ca
ngun in nh, ngun b cng sut phn khng thuc quyn iu khin.
4. Tnh hnh ph ti, cc bin php iu ha, hn ch ph ti trong ca. Th t
u tin cc ng dy cung cp in cho ph ti (k c cc nhu cu c bit cn u
tin cung cp).
5 . K hoch sa cha c lin quan n HT min.
6. Tnh hnh thng tin lin lc gia cp diu li in phn phi vi cp
iu HT min.
7. Nhng kin ngh v vn hnh HT min i vi cp iu HT min.
Sau khi nhn ca, Trng ca cc NM bo co cho KSH HT Quc gia.
KSH HTD min v V li in phn phi theo phn cp quyn iu khin:
l. Tn ca Trng ca v Trng kp trm in.
2 . Tnh trng l, my v thit b. S l, my ang vn hnh, d phng nng,
d phng ngui.
3. D kin kh nng pht cao nht, nhng kh khn thun li trong vic chp
hnh biu cng sut.
4 . S ni dy chnh ca NM.
5. Phng thc tch li gi t dng, trng thi t ca cc b t ng
chng s c, phng thc sn sng ca thit b cho 'khi ng en" ca nh my
(nu c).
6. Tnh hnh nhin liu i vi nh my nhit in, cc s liu thy vn (mc
nc thng lu, h lu, lu lng nc v h, ln lng nc dng pht in...)
i vi nh my thy in.
7 . Tnh hnh thng tin lin lc gia NM vi cp iu c quyn iu
khin.
8 . Nhng kin ngh v vn hnh thit b ca nh my.
Sau khi nhn ca, nhn vin vn hnh trm in phi bo co vi cc cp
iu (theo phn cp) nhng vn sau :
l. Tn ca nhn vin vn hnh.
2. S kt dy ca trm.
3. Tnh trng vn hnh ca MBA lc v thit b chnh trong trm .
4. in p thanh ci v dng in, cng sut tc dng. cng sut phn khng
truyn ti trn cc ng dy.
5. Cng sut, dng in qua MBA v cc thng s khc.
6. Tnh trng vn hnh bt thng v tnh hnh thng tin lin lc.
7. Nhng kin ngh v vn hnh thit b i vi cc cp iu (theo phn
cp).
23

10/2005
Sau khi nhn ca, Trng kp trm b, trm Diesel, trm thu in nh
bo co cho KSH HT min v V li in phn phi theo phn cp quyn
iu khin:
l. Tn ca Trng kp.
2. Tnh trng my v thit b. S my ang vn hnh, d phng.
3. D kin kh nng pht cao nht, nhng kh khn thun li trong vic chp
hnh biu cng sut.
4. S ni dy chnh ca trm.
5. Tnh hnh nhin liu i vi trm Diezel, cc s liu thu vn i vi trm
thy in nh.
6 . Tnh hnh thng tin lin lc.
7 . Nhng kin ngh v vn hnh thit b i vi cc cp iu (theo phn
cp) .
Sau khi nhn bo co nhn ca ca nhn vin vn hnh cp di, KSH
HT Quc gia, KSH HT min, V li in phn phi phi thng bo li
cc ni dung:
l. Tn ca KSHHT Quc gia KSH HT min. V li in phn
phi.
2. S ni dy lin quan ca HT, HT min, li din phn phi v
nhng kh khn thun li trong ca.
3. Cc yu cu v vn hnh HT i vi nhn vin vn hnh cp di.
4. Tr li cc kin ngh ca nhn vin vn hnh cp di.
Nhn vin vn hnh khng c giao ca khi cha hon thnh cc cng vic
s v hoc cha thng bo y tnh hnh vn hnh trong ca cho ngi nhn ca.
Trng hp sau s c n gi giao ca m cha hon thnh cc cng vic
s v trong ca, nu c php ca Lnh o n v, Trng phng trc tip th
nhn vin vn hnh c php giao ca trc v li hon chnh cc cng vic s
v.
Nhn vin vn hnh khng c lm vic hai ca lin tc, trong khi trc ca
khng c ung ru, bia, s dng cc cht kch khc b nghim cm.
Nhn vin vn hnh khng c giao ca khi c y l do xc nh ngi
nhn ca khng tnh to do ung ru, bia, s dng cc cht kch khc b
nghim cm. Trng hp ny, nhn vin vn hnh phi bo co Lnh o n v
c ngi khc thay th.
Nghim cm nhn vin vn hnh b v tr trong lc trc ca hoc ht gi trc
ca nhng cha c ngi n nhn ca.
Khi khng c ngi n thay ca, nhn vin vn hnh phi bo co vi ngi
xp lch, Trng phng trc tip bit b tr ngi khc thay th m bo thi
gian ko di ca trc khng qu 4 gi.
Khng cho php nhn vin vn hnh giao, nhn ca khi ang c s c hoc
ang tin hnh nhng thao tc phc tp tr trng hp khi ang tin hnh cc thao
tc phc tp, nu c s ng ca nhn vin vn hnh trc ban cp trn v hoc
Lnh o n v trc tip th c quyn giao nhn ca.
Nghim cm nhn vin vn hnh lm vic ring trong gi trc ca v tuyt i
khng cho ngi khng c nhim v vo phng trc ca nu khng c php ca
Lnh o n v, Trng phng hoc Qun c phn xng trc tip
24

10/2005
Mc IV- Ch qun l sa cha thit b

Cn c vo k hoch sa cha nm v qu c cp c thm quyn ph
duyt; cn c vo tnh hnh thc t ca thit b, cc n v qun l vn hnh ng
k vi cp iu c quyn iu khin k hoch sa cha thit b thuc quyn iu
khin ca cp iu trong thng sau (thi gian gi ng k thc hin theo
ng ch c lp v thc hin phng thc vn hnh). Ni dung ng k gm :
l. Tn thit b cn sa cha.
2. Ni dung cng vic chnh.
3. Thi gian d kin bt u v kt thc cng vic sa cha.
4. Cc yu cu khc c lin quan n cng vic.
ng k a thit b ang vn hnh hay d phng ra sa cha c phn loi
nh sau :
1. Sa cha theo k hoch.
2. Sa cha ngoi k hoch .
3. Sa cha s c.
ng k sa cha thit b trn c s lch sa cha hng thng, hng qu, nm
c duyt l ng k sa cha theo k hoch .
ng k sa cha thit b khng c lch sa cha ca thng, qu, nm gi l
ng k sa cha ngoi k hoch. Khi gii quyt sa cha ngoi k hoch cc cp
iu phi tho lun vi cc n v lin quan khc .
ng k sa cha thit b ang vn hnh trong tnh trng c nguy c dn n
s c gi l ng k sa cha s c.
i vi thit b b s c, n v qun l vn hnh c trch nhim ng k
thi gian d kin khc phc s c.
Ch c n v qun l vn hnh thit b mi c quyn ng k tch thit b ra
khi vn hnh hoc a vo d phng. Cc bn thi cng hoc cc n v khc khi
cn tch thit b do n v no qun l vn hnh th phi ng k vi n v . Cc
cp iu ch nhn, gii quyt ng k v giao, nhn thit b vi n v qun l
vn hnh.
Thi gian sa cha c tnh t khi tch xong thit b ra khi vn hnh
hoc d phng n khi c bn giao tr li a vo vn hnh hoc d phng.
Khi ng k tch thit b ra sa cha, n v qun l vn hnh c trch
nhim d kin thi gian sa cha, thi gian tin hnh cng vic nghim thu, chy
th thit b v phi hp vi cp iu ra lnh thao tc, d kin thi gian thao tc
tch thit b, thao tc a thit b vo vn hnh ng k vi cc cp iu tng
ton b cc thi gian trn trong phiu ng k cng tc .
Mt ngy trc khi a thit b ra khi vn hnh hay d phng sa cha
hoc/v th nghim, n v qun l vn hnh phi chnh thc ng k li vi cc
cp iu tng ng lp phng thc vn hnh , khng k sa cha l trong
hay ngoi k hoch.
Mc d c ng k v c duyt phng thc sa cha, trc khi a
thit b ra khi vn hnh hay d phng phi c s dng ca nhn vin vn hnh
c quyn iu khin mi c tin hnh thao tc .
i vi nhng trng hp thit b ang vn hnh trng thi e da s c
i hi phi khn trng sa cha, nhn vin vn hnh thit b c quyn tch thit
25

10/2005
b ra sa cha v phi chu hon ton trch nhim . Sau khi tch xong nhn vin
vn hnh thit b phi bo co ngay vi cp iu c quyn iu khin thit b .
i vi nhng trng hp cn thit thit b vn hnh trong khi c nhng
vi phm iu kin k thut, KSH hoc Trng ca NM, Trng kp trm in
bo co vi Ph Gim c k thut nh my hoc Cng ty qun l vn hnh thit b
h c quyt nh hoc bo co Ph tng Gim c sn xut EVN quyt nh.
i vi nhng cng vic sa cha nh, thi gian ngn khng dn n vi
phm biu ph ti, khng lm gim tin cy ca s ni dy HT, khng
nh hng n vic cung cp in cho khch hng th trc ban cc cp iu c
quyn gii quyt trong phm vi ca trc ca mnh v phi bo cho Lnh o trc
tip. Nu cng vic sa cha ko di sang ca sau phi xin kin Trng phng
iu v phi c s ng ca Trng phng iu mi c php thc
hin.
i vi nhng cng vic sa cha nhm khc phc cc khim khuyt ca
thit b trong qu trnh vn hnh, n v qun l vn hnh phi ng k yu cu vi
cp iu c quyn iu khin thit b trc t nht mt ngy sp xp v
phi chun b sn sng tin hnh cng vic vo gi thp im.
i vi cc thit b, cng trnh sa cha ln (i tu, trung tu), trc khi ng
k a vo vn hnh phi dm bo cc yu cu v nghim thu v chy th theo
ng "Hng dn nghim thu v bo hnh sa cha ln ti sn c nh" thuc quy
ch sa cha ln ti sn c nh ca EVN.
Cc n v thc hin cng tc sa cha c trch nhim hon thnh k hoch
sa cha ng thi hn ng k v bo m cht lng cao.
Trong qu trnh sa cha nu pht hin thm nhng h hng ngoi d kin
dn n ko di thi gian sa cha th n v qun l vn hnh phi kp thi ng
k gia hn thi gian trc khi kt thc thi gian sa cha theo ng k v phi bo
co nguyn nhn vi cp iu tng ng .
Tt c nhng trng hp sa cha qu thi hn, khng c l do chnh ng
gy kh khn cho vic vn hnh HT u tnh nh thit b b s c trong vn hnh.
Trng hp ny, n v thc hin cng tc sa cha phi bo co nguyn nhn v
t chc kim im rt kinh nghim.
Thit b ang trng thi d phng nhng khng huy ng c khi cn, s
tnh l thit b b s c k t khi pht hin h hng.
Mc V - Ch a thit b mi, cng trnh mi vo vn hnh
Vic a thit b mi, cng trnh mi vo vn hnh phi tun th cc tiu
chun, quy phm, quy trnh, quy nh chuyn ngnh v cc vn bn php lut hin
hnh. Phn ny ca quy trnh ch quy nh mt s th tc cn thit lin quan n
cng tc vn hnh HT.
Da vo k hoch a cng trnh mi thuc quyn iu khin vo vn hnh
hng nm, cc cp iu tin hnh cc cng vic chun b cn thit cho vic khi
ng, vn hnh th v a vo vn hnh chnh thc.
a thit b mi, cng trnh mi vo vn hnh, Ban qun l d n phi gi
v cc cp iu lin quan ti liu k thut cn thit (bng ting Vit hoc ting
Anh v bn sao ti liu nguyn bn c xc nhn ca Ban qun l d n) gm:
1. S ni dy nht th phn in, s phn nhit v cc s c lin
quan.
26

10/2005
2. Thng s k thut ca thit b chnh.

3. S nguyn l ca r le bo v v t ng.
4. Quy trnh vn hnh v qun l thit b ca nh ch to.
5 . Cc ti liu k thut lin quan n r le bo v v t ng, MBA, my
ct...
i vi cc cng trnh nh NM, thi gian yu cu t nht l 2 thng trc
ngy a NM vo vn hnh th.
i vi cc cng trnh nh ng dy, trm in thi gian yu cu t nht l l
thng trc ngy a ng dy, trm in vo vn hnh th.
Chm nht 15 ngy k t khi nhn cc ti liu cn thit nh iu 85, cc
cp iu phi c trch nhim chuyn cho n v qun l vn hnh:
1. S nh, s thit b;
2. Quy trnh nhim v v phn cp iu HT hin hnh;
3. Phiu chnh nh rle bo v v t ng;
4. V tr u phn p v ch ni t trung tnh my bin p thuc quyn
iu khin;
5 . Quy trnh thao tc v quy trnh x l s c HT;
6. Phng thc khi ng;
7. Cc yu cu thit lp h thng thng tin lin lc vi cc cp iu ;
8. Danh sch cc cn b lin quan v nhn vin vn hnh km theo s in
thoi, fax.
Chm nht l 10 ngy trc khi a cng trnh mi vo vn hnh, Ban qun
l d n phi cung cp cho n v tip nhn qun l vn hnh, cp iu c
quyn iu khin s hon cng phn in (nht th v nh th) v nhng thay
i (nu c) so vi thit k ban u, s thc t khi a vo vn hnh chnh thc;
thng qua n v qun l vn hnh ng k chnh thc vi cc cp iu lch
chy th v vn hnh thit b theo quy nh quyn iu khin v kim tra, thng
bo danh sch cn b Lnh o v danh sch nhn vin vn hnh, s in thoi,
fax.
i vi nhng cng trnh, thit b khng thuc quyn iu khin v kim tra
ca cc cp iu nhng vic a cc thit b vo chy th, vn hnh c nh
hng ti HT hoc c mt s yu cu i vi HT th n v qun l vn hnh
phi bo co cho cp iu lin quan bit trc khi a vo vn hnh t nht l 10
ngy b tr phng thc.
Vic thao tc a thit b mi vo chy th, vn hnh ch c cp iu
c quyn iu khin thc hin khi Ch tch hi ng nghim thu c thm quyn
(hoc Ch tch hi ng nghim thu c thm quyn c vn bn y quyn cho n
v qun l vn hnh tin hnh cc th tc ng in) m bo:
1. cc th tc v php l.
2. iu kin ng in.
3. Chnh thc ng k a thit b, cng trnh mi vo vn hnh.
Thi gian ng in nghim thu, chy th thc hin theo cc quy nh hin
hnh.
Trong thi gian chy th thit b mi, cng trnh mi, Ban qun l d n phi
c cn b c thm quyn trc 24/24 gi v thng bo danh sch cn b trc, s
in thoi, fax lin h vi cc cp iu khi cn thit.
27

10/2005
Trong giai on chy th v chy nghim thu thit b, cng trnh mi, mi
yu cu thay i trnh t, thi gian th nghim so vi chng trnh c ph
duyt, Ban qun l d n phi thng bo vi cp iu c quyn iu khin, trnh
cp c thm quyn ca EVN quyt nh.
Nu ht thi gian nghim thu m thit b mi a vo vn hnh cha c
bn giao cho n v qun l vn hnh th cp iu c quyn iu khin c
php tch thit b ra khi vn hnh nu xt thy khng m bo an ton cho
HT, giao li Ban qun l d n.
III.4: Quy nh nh s thit b
Tt c cc thit b a vo vn hnh trong HT VN u phi c t tn,
nh s. Thit b thuc quyn iu khin ca cp iu no th do cp iu
nh s v ph duyt.
Vic nh s thit b thuc quyn iu khin ca mt cp iu nhng
thuc quyn kim tra ca cp iu khc ch c ban hnh khi c s ng ca
cp iu c quyn kim tra.
1-Quy nh nhng ch s c trng cho cp in p:
- in p 500kV ly ch s 5
2- Thanh ci :
Tn thanh ci c quy nh bao gm cc k t
- K t th nht ly ch C
- K t th hai ch cp in p
K t th 3 ch s th t thanh ci (Ring s 9 ch thanh ci vng)
V d:
C12: Biu th thanh ci 2 in p 110 kV
C21: Biu th thanh ci 1 in p 220 kV
C19: Biu th thanh ci vng in p 110 kV
3- My ct:
Tn my ct quy nh bao gm cc k t
- K t th nht c trng cho cp in p.
- K t th hai c trng cho v tr my ct c quy nh nh sau:
+ My ct MBA
ly s 3
+ My ct ng dy
ly s 7, 8
+ My ct MBA t dng
ly s 4
+ My ct u cc my pht
ly s 0
+ My ct my b quay
ly s 0
+ My ct ca t in
ly s 0
- K t th ba th hin s th t 1, 2, 3...
i vi my ct thanh ci vng hai k t tip theo k t th nht l 00.
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10/2005
i vi my ct lin lc hai thanh ci hai k t tip theo k t th nht l s

ca 2 thanh ci.
V d:
371:
131:
641:
903:
100:
MC ng dy 35 kV mch s 1
MC pha 110 kV ca MBA T1
MC pha 6 kV ca MBA t dng
MC ca my pht s 3 U>10 kV
MC 110 kV ni 2 thanh ci vi thanh ci vng
4- My bin p: tn ca MBA bao gm cc k t

- My bin p k hiu l ch T, sau ch T l s th t. VD: T1, T2, T3
- My bin p t ngu k hiu l AT, MBA t dng k hiu l TD tip theo
l s th t. VD: AT1, AT2, TD1, TD2.
5- My bin in p:
- K hiu l TU cc thit b tip theo ly tn ca thit b m TU u vo. i
vi cc thit b m tn ca thit b khng th hin r cp in p th sau 2 k t u
s l k t c trng cho cp in p, tip theo l tn thit b.
V d:
TU171:
TU ng dy 171, 110 kV
TU5T2:
TU ca MBA T2 pha 500 kV
6- My bin dng in :
- K hiu l TI cc thit b tip theo ly tn ca thit b m TI u vo. i
vi cc thit b m tn ca thit b khng th hin r cp in p th sau 2 k t u
s l k t c trng cho cp in p, tip theo l tn thit b.
V d:
TI171 :
my bin dng in 110KV ni vi MC 171
7- Chng st:
Tn ca chng st c quy nh gm cc k t :
- Hai k t u ly ch CS
- K t th ba ly du phn cch (-)
- Tip theo l tn ca thit b c bo v. i vi cc thit b m tn ca
thit b khng th hin r cp in p th sau 3 k t u s l k t c trng cho
cp in p, tip theo l tn thit b. i vi chng st van ni vo trung tnh MBA
thm 2 k t phn bit l (-) v s 0.
V d:
CS-1T1 :
chng st ca MBA T1 pha in p 110kV
CS-2T1-0: chng st mc vo trung tnh T1 cun 220kV
1.
CS-271:
chng st ng dy 271
8- Dao cch ly lin quan ca MC v TU: Tn ca DCL c quy nh bao gm
cc k t
- Cc k t u l tn ca MC ni vi DCL (i vi DCL ca TU cc k t
u tin l tn ca TU, tip theo l tn thit b ni trc tip DCL) tip theo l du ()
- K t tip theo c quy nh nh sau:
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10/2005
+ Cu dao thanh ci ly s th t ca thanh ci

+ Cu dao ng dy (Cu dao v pha ng dy) ly s 7
+ Cu dao ni vi MBA ly s 3
+ Cu dao ni thanh ci vng ly s 9
+ Cu dao ni tt mt thit b (my ct, khng t ...) ly s 0
+ Cu dao ni vi phn on no (pha phn on no) th ly s th
t ca phn on thanh ci (hoc thanh ci ).
V d:
331-3 :
TUC22-2 :
171-7 :
172-9 :
275-0:
Biu th cu dao ca MBA T1 in p 35 kV

DCL ca TU thanh ci 2 in p 220 kV ni vi thanh ci 2
Biu th cu dao ngoi ng dy 110 kV ca MC 171
Biu th cu dao ca MC 172 ni thanh ci vng
Biu th cu dao ni tt MC 275
9- Dao trung tnh ni t MBA: Tn cu dao trung tnh ni t MBA c quy

nh
- K t th 1 c c trng cho cp in p
- K t th 2 ly s 3
- K t th 3 ly theo s th t ca MBA
- K t th 4 ly du (-)
- K t th 5 l s 0
V d:
131-0:
dao ni t trung tnh T1 pha 110 kV
231-0 :
dao ni t trung tnh T1 pha 220 kV
10- Dao tip a:
- K t u l tn cu dao (hoc thit b c lin quan trc tip) c lin quan
trc tip.
- K t tip theo c trng cho tip a, c quy nh nh sau:
+ Tip a ng dy ly s 6
+ Tip a MBA v TU ly s 8
+ Tip a my ct ly s 5
+ Tip a thanh ci ly s 4
V d:
271-76 :
tip a ngoi ng dy 271
331-38 :
tip a MBA T1 pha 35 kV
171-15 :
tip a my ct 171 pha DCL 171-1
30

10/2005
chng IV: Quy trnh x l s c HT

( Trch Quy Trnh x l s c HT Quc Gia - Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
444 VN/KTL ngy 08/04/1996 ca Tng Gim c Tng Cng Ty in Lc
Vit Nam )
IV.1: Nguyn tc x l s c HT:

A.
Nguyn tc chung:
1- Quy trnh ny nu nhng quy tc chung cho nhn vin vn hnh HT
cn nghim chnh thc hin nhanh chng loi tr s c, khi phc li in
cho khch hng.
2- Nhng nhn vin vn hnh sau y cn phi hiu k, nm vng v thc
hin nghim chnh quy trnh ny.
- KSH HT
- Cc V li in phn phi, trng ca cc NM.
- Trng kp v nhn vin vn hnh cc nh my, cc trm.
B.
Nguyn tc x l s c:
1- Phi nhanh chng x l s c, ngn nga s c pht trin lm tn hi
n ngi v thit b.
2- Nhanh chng khi phc in cho khch hng (c bit l cc ph ti
quan trng), m bo in p v tn s.
3- m bo s lm vic chc chn ca s kt dy HT v cc khu vc.
4- Nm vng din bin s c, gii thch s c, tnh hnh thit b tch ra v
d on thi gian khi phc.
5- Trong thi gian x l s c khng c vi phm cc quy trnh quy
nh.
KSH HT l ngi ch huy x l s c khi s c xy ra. Cc trng ca,
trng kp, V in lc cc nhn vin trc nht ti cc TBA, trm ct phi thi
hnh nghim chnh khng chm tr lnh ca KSH.
iu 2:
Bo co tnh hnh cho KSH A1 khi pht sinh s c:
1- Cc khu vc, cc nh my, cc trm khi pht sinh s c V khu vc,

trng ca nh my, trng kp phi bo co kp thi v chnh xc nhng in
bin s c.
2- nhng khu vc, nh my, khng c s c phi trng xuyn theo di
bo co cho KSH nhng hin tng c bit.
- Khi xy ra s c, cc cn b lnh o ca khu vc, nh my, trm c th
gip v ra lnh cho nhn vin vn hnh di quyn x l s c tt hn nhng
khng c tri lnh ca KSH HT. Nu tri vi lnh ca KSH HT nhn
vin vn hnh c quyn khng thi hnh v bo li vi KSH HT tr trng
hp nguy him n tnh mng v thit b.
- Cc cn b lnh o c s khi thy nhn vin vn hnh ca mnh khng
kh nng x l s c th c th nh ch cng tc nhn vin vn hnh trong ca
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10/2005
y, t mnh m nhim hoc ch nh ngi khc thay th bo co cho KSH

HT bit.
C.
X l s c ng dy:
1- Khi my ct ng dy nhy, nhn vin vn hnh c s phi bo cho
A1 bit:
- Bo v rle no tc ng, b t ng no lm vic, cc con bi no ri.
- in p ng dy cn hay mt, s ln nhy ca my ct.
- Tnh trng lm vic ca cc thit b khc c s.
- Tnh hnh thi tit khu vc.
Cc bc x l c th do A1 ra lnh.
2- Nu my ct ng dy nhy khi c gi bo cp 6 tr ln hoc c ho
hon vng ng dy i qua th khng phng in li ng dy.
3- Cho php phng in th ng dy 2 ln (tnh c ln t ng li).
4- Trong vng 8h, k t ln s c th nht nhng ng dy nhy thong
qua 3 ln ng li tt th n ln nhy th 4 khng c phng in na m phi
tch ng dy ra kim tra x l.
5- Nu trn ng dy c cc trm ph ti, trc khi phng th phi ct
ht ph ti.
6- Nu phng th ln th 2 vn xu th cho phn on ng dy (ti im
phn on quy nh) cho phng in t pha khng nghi ng trc. Nu tt
lm bin php an ton on cn li giao cho n v qun l sa cha. Nu ng
dy khng c phn on th lm bin php an ton giao ngay cho n v qun l
sau ln phng th 2 xu.
7- i vi ng dy s c thong qua, sau khi ng tt KSH A1 cn c
vo tnh hnh c th cho kim tra rle bo v hoc cho kim tra bng mt ng
dy ang mang in.
8- i vi ng dy 35 kV khi xut hin s c chm t trnh s c 2
im chm t trong li phi:
- Nhanh chng tm bin php xc nh im chm t thng qua cc thng
s ca li khi xut hin s c, cho cc nhn vin trc trm xem xt cc thit b
thanh ci 35 kV v t thanh ci n hng ro trm.
- Ln lt tch cc thit b, ng dy b chm t ra khi li sa
cha v nhanh chng cp in cho khch hng ng dy khng b s c.
9- xc nh ch chm t trong li cn thit p dng cc bin php
theo trnh t sau:
- Chia li ra nhiu vng khc nhau v kim tra tng vng.
- Ngay trong 1 vng, cc trm c 2 h thng thanh gp c th phn ra 2 vng
cung cp ring bit.
- Khi pht hin ra vng b chm t c th x l ct ln lt tng ng dy:
+ Ct ng dy di khng quan trng trc.
+ Ct ng dy ngn quan trng sau.
32

10/2005
10- Khi pht hin ng dy b chm t cho php ng li 1 ln. Nu cn

chm t th cho phn on x l.
11- Sau khi ct ln lt cc ng dy m khng ht chm t th:
- Ct ton b ng dy kim tra t thanh gp n u MBA. Tip tc
tm im s c.
- Nu t thanh gp n u MBA tt nh vy c kh nng 2 im chm
t trn cng 1 pha 2 ng dy khc nhau.
Thao tc ng tng ng dy, ng dy xu cn li x l theo quy
trnh.
12- Khi ng dy lch pha 10 kV hay Ic > 7A bt buc phi x l.
D. X l s c my bin p:
1- MBA c th lm vic qu ti. Thi gian v mc qu ti ph thuc
vo ch vn hnh, tnh trng tng my v ch t my. Khi xy ra s c c
th cho MBA qu ti nht thi theo bng:
i vi MBA du
Bi s Iqtso vi Im
Thi gian qu ti cho
php (pht)
1,3
1,45
1,6
1,75
120
80
45
20
10
1,5
i vi MBA kh
Bi s Iqt so vi Im
Thi gian qu ti cho
php (pht)
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
60
45
32
18
2- Nu my ct MBA nhy s c do bo v qu I lm vic, sau khi xc

minh khng c hin tng g ca bn thn MBA th c th cho php ng in
li vn hnh.
3- Khi my ct MBA nhy do bo v rle hi tc ng, kim tra kh trong
MBA khng c mu sc v khng t chy c, ngoi MBA khng c hin
tng g khc thng th c th a MBA vo vn hnh.
4- Khi my ct MBA bo v so lch tc ng phi kim tra tnh trng cch
in ni b MBA, s v ng cp. Nu khng c hin tng g khc thng sau
khi xc minh bo v tc ng sai hoc nguyn nhn thong qua no y th c
php cho MBA vo vn hnh.
5- Trong trng hp my ct MBA nhy do mt trong 2 bo v chnh hoc
do c 2 bo v chnh ng thi tc ng, trc khi a vo vn hnh phi c
kin m bo tiu chun vn hnh ca Gim c hoc Ph gim c k thut
c s qun l thit b.
33

10/2005
iV.2: Qui nh iu chnh in p:

Trong iu 31 ngh nh s 45/ 2001/ N-CP ngy 02/ 08/ 2001 c quy
nh v in p:
iu 31:
Bn bn in phi m bo cht lng in nng cho bn
mua in theo quy nh sau:
V in p:
Trong iu kin bnh thng, in p c php dao ng trong khong 5%
so vi in p danh nh v c xc nh ti pha th cp ca MBA cp in
cho bn mua in hoc ti v tr khc do hai bn tho thun trong hp ng
khi mua in t h s cng sut COS 0,85 v thc hin ng biu
ph ti tho thun trong hp ng.
Trong trng hp li in cha n nh (s c), in p c dao ng +5%
n 10%.)
Trong trng hp bn mua in cn cht lng in nng cao hn tiu chun
quy nh Trong iu 31 ngh nh s 45/ 2001/N-CP ngy 02/08/2001, cc
bn phi tho thun trong hp ng.
(Phn hai - Chng 3- t iu 17 n iu 23 trong quy trnh x l s
c HT Quc gia k hiu: VN-XLSC HT-04/1996)
iu 17: Quy nh v vic phn cp iu chnh in p nh sau:
QG chu trch nhim tnh ton v quy nh in p ti cc im nt trn
HT c cp in p t 220 kV tr ln.
TH cc Min cn c vo mc in p quy nh cc im nt trn m
tnh ton v iu chnh in p khu vc qun l cho ph hp vi quy trnh v
quy phm qun l k thut.
iu cc li in phn phi cn c vo in p do HT Min quy nh
m tnh ton v iu chnh in p ca li in phn phi ph hp vi yu
cu ca cc h dng in.
iu 18: Nguyn tc iu chnh in p trong HT 500 kV:
- iu chnh in p phi m bo khng gy qu p nguy him cho thit b
ng dy 500 kV ( in p ti mi thi im trn Z khng vt qu 550
kV).
- iu chnh in p trn ng dy 500 kV t gy nh hng n mi im
nt trong HT.
- in p trn Z 500 kV ti Ho Bnh khng nn vt qu 520 kV.
- Khi xy ra s c tch ri HT 500 kV, phi gim nc ca MBA 500 kV ti
Ho Bnh v Ph Lm v nc ng vi in p thp nht.
iu 19:
i vi my pht in v my b ng b khi lm vic vi cng sut v
COS nh mc, lch in p cho php 5% so vi nh mc.
Trng hp in p thp hn 5% nh my khng c t ng gim
kch t lm gim in p hn na.
34

10/2005
in p vn hnh ca cc MBA c cp in p nh mc nh hn 220 kV

khng c vt qu 5% ca u phn p ang s dng. Trong trng hp c
bit i hi vn hnh qu p 10% phi c cp c thm quyn ph chun.
Khi in p vn hnh vt qu tr s bo v qu p m bo v qu p
khng tc ng hoc vt qu 20% so vi u phn p tng ng khi khng c
bo v qu p, MBA phi c tch ra ngay khi vn hnh, khng phi ch i
bt c mnh lnh no.
iu 29: Cho php MBA c vn hnh cao hn in p nh mc ti cc
u phn p (nc t b iu chnh in p):
- Lu di 5% khi ph ti khng qu nh mc v 10% khi ph ti khng
qu 25% nh mc.
- Ngn hn 10% (di 6 gi trong mt ngy m), khi ph ti khng qu
ph ti nh mc.
iu 20:
Nhng gii hn iu chnh in p c xc nh theo:
Gi tr in p ln nht cho php thit b vn hnh lu di theo quy nh ca
nh ch to.
Gi tr in p nh nht vn hnh lu di m bo an ton cho h thng t
dng trong cc nh my in, m bo d phng n nh tnh ca HT hoc
ca ng dy c lin quan (gii hn ny cn c vo kt qu tnh ton cc
ch vn hnh ca HT m quy nh ring bng iu lnh).
iu 21:
Khi in p cc nt gim xung di mc quy nh KSH
HT Quc gia, KSH HT Min v iu vin li in phn phi trong
phm vi qun l ca mnh phi tin hnh.
1. Huy ng thm ngun v cng ca cc nh my pht, my b ng b
ang vn hnh theo trnh t t gn n xa im thiu v cng.
2. Huy ng thm cc my b quay, t b v cc ngun v cng d phng
cn li ca HT.
3. Phn b li tro lu cng sut trong HT, bng cch thay i s kt
dy trn mng in truyn ti v phn phi.
4. iu chnh cc cc nc MBA, ph hp vi quy nh ca nh ch to.
L iu chnh in p phi m bo cc tiu chun k thut nh;
Cho php MBA c vn hnh cao hn in p nh mc ti cc u phn
p (nc t b iu chnh in p):
5. C quyn thay i biu in p cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t (c
xt n gii hn cho php vi thit b)
6. Hn ch mt s ph ti khng quan trng hoc vt qu biu cng
sut.
iu 22:
Trong qu trnh iu chnh in p, nhng im nt khng
gi c in p nh biu qui nh, hoc khi huy ng ht ngun v
cng khu vc m in p vn di 95% in p nh mc th c th tng thm
v cng ca my pht in, my b ng b n gi tr qu ti cho php lu di
ca thit b .
35

10/2005
iu 23:
Khi p dng ht tt c cc bin php iu chnh in p
m in p vn di mc ti thiu cho php, e do ti tnh n nh ca HT
cn phi thc hin nhng bin php khn cp theo trnh t:
1. Phn b li ph ti hu cng gia cc nh my in.
2. Ct ph ti cc nt c in p thp (theo lch sa thi ph ti khi c s
c).
3. Ct gim ti (theo lch sa thi ph ti khi c s c) ti cc vng m in
p ti ang c chiu hng gim.
4. Cc ph ti sa thi trong thi gian s c in p thp ch c ng li
theo lnh ca cp ra lnh.
IV.3: Qui nh iu chnh tn s
Trong iu 31 ngh nh s 45/ 2001/N-CP ngy 02/ 08/ 2001 c quy
nh v cht lng in nng:
iu 31:
Bn bn in phi m bo cht lng in nng cho bn
mua in theo quy nh sau:
V tn s:
Trong iu kin bnh thng, tn s HT c php dao ng trong phm
vi 0,2 Hz so vi tn s nh mc l 50 Hz. Trong trng hp HT cha n
nh, cho php lch tn s l 0,5 Hz.
Trong trng hp bn mua in cn cht lng in nng cao hn tiu
chun quy nh Trong iu 31 ngh nh s 45/ 2001/ N-CP ngy 02/ 08/
2001", cc bn phi tho thun trong hp ng.
iu 24:
Tn s nh mc ca HT Vit Nam l 50,00 Hz cho php
dao ng 0,1 Hz quy trnh c hin nay l 0,2 Hz (Ngh nh 45/ 2001/ NCP ngy 02/ 08/ 2001).
iu 25:
KSH HT Quc gia l ngi ch huy iu chnh tn s
trong ton HT QG. Trng ca cc nh my in, KSH HT Min phi
thng xuyn theo di tn s, nghim chnh chp hnh qui trnh v cc mnh
lnh ca KSH HT QG v iu chnh tn s.
iu 26:
Khi HT tm thi tch ra thnh nhiu khu vc vn hnh c
lp, KSH HT QG phi u nhim cho KSH HT Min hoc trng ca nh
my ch huy vic iu chnh tn s li in khu vc.
iu 27:
ng h tn s ca QG c ly lm chun cho tt c cc
ng h tn s t cc c s trong HT QG v HT Min. Khi nhn ca nhn
vin vn hnh cp di phi i chiu ng h tn s ca n v mnh vi ng
h tn s ca iu cp trn, nu sai lch qu 0,1 Hz so vi ng h tn s
chun phi bo co lnh o cho iu chnh li.
36

10/2005
iu 28:
Nhim v ca cc nh my in iu tn cp I l phi iu
chnh v a tn s HT v trong phm vi 50 0,1 Hz, (hin ti 0,2).
iu 29:
Khi HT vn hnh bnh thng, qui nh NMT Ho Bnh
lm nhim v iu tn cp I. Cc b t ng: iu chnh nhm cng sut hu
cng cc t my, t ng cn bng khi nhy D 500kV, t ng chng tn s
tng cao v t ng khi ng theo tn s phi c a vo vn hnh.
Khi NM T Ho Bnh khng cn kh nng m nhn nhim v iu tn
cp I, KSH HT QG phi c nhng tc ng dnh li cng sut d phng
cho NM T Ho Bnh iu tn cp I hoc ch nh cho mt nh my in khc
lm nhim v iu tn cp I thay th, bi v c cng sut d phng th mi c
kh nng iu tn.
iu 30:
Tt c cc nh my thu in khng lm nhim iu tn cp
I u phi tham gia iu tn cp II ( tt c cc nh my thu in phi tham gia
iu tn cp II, l iu chnh ca b iu chnh cng sut ca cc t my pht
in c quy nh trc nhm a tn s HT v gii hn 50,00 0,2 Hz).
Khi tn s vt qu gii hn 50,00 0,2 Hz ( 0,5 Hz ) cc nh my lm nhim
v iu tn cp II (k c cc nh my pht theo biu ) u phi tham gia iu
chnh a tn s HT v phm vi 50,00 0,2 Hz ( 0,5 Hz). Khi tn s HT
c a v gii hn trn, cc nh my tham gia iu tn t t a cng sut
v ng biu c giao nu khng c yu cu cu g khc ca KSH HT
QG.
iu 31:
Khi tn s HT gim xung di (c 49,80) 49,50 Hz m
ht kh nng iu chnh ca tt c cc nh my iu tn cp I, II, KSH HT
QG phi p dng cc bin php sau a tn s HT v gii hn cho php:
a) Huy ng ht cng sut d phng nng.
b) Khi ng thm cc t my thu in, tuabin kh, diesel ang trng thi d
phng ngui k c cc ngun ca khch hng.
c) Kim tra, n c KSH HT Min hn ch ph ti v biu ng k.
iu 32:
Khi tn s HT duy tr qua 15 pht mc di 49,00 Hz ,
khng cn c lnh ca KSH HT QG, KSH HT Min v vin li in
khu vc phi ct gim ph ti (theo lch sa thi ph ti khi c s c) a tn
s ln 49,50 Hz.
Khi tn s c phc hi v gii hn 50,00 0,2 Hz (c gii hn 50,00
0,1 Hz) KSH HT Min v vin li in khu vc phi kim tra li s
hot ng ca cc b t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s bo co cho KSH
HT QG. ng li ph ti b sa thi theo th t u tin.
Cc Trung tm iu HT Min phi thng k, nh gi s hot ng
ca cc b sa thi ph ti theo tn s, kin ngh x l nu n mc tc ng m
cc b t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s khng hot ng.
37

10/2005
Nhng ph ti do KSH HT QG ct hay ct bi cc thit b lin ng

ct ph ti ch c ng li khi c lnh hoc c s ng ca KSH HT
QG.
iu 33: Khi tn s HT ln hn 50,5 Hz m s dng ht cc bin
php gim tn s xung, KSH HT QG c quyn ra lnh cho cc nh my
ngng d phng mt s t my, dm l sau khi xt n tnh kinh t, iu kin k
thut v kh nng huy ng li.
38

10/2005
chng V: Quy trnh Vn hnh v sa cha My bin p

( Trch Quy Trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p - Ban hnh km theo Quyt
nh s 623 VN/KTL ngy 23/05/1998 ca Tng Gim c Tng Cng Ty
in Lc Vit Nam )
V.1. Kim tra my bin p trong vn hnh bnh

thng.
bo m my bin p lm vic lu di v an ton cn:
- Gim st nhit , ph ti v mc in p;.
- Gim st nghim ngt tiu chun v cht lng du v c tnh cch
in.
- Bo qun tt cc thit b lm mt, iu chnh in p, bo v du v cc
trang b khc.
Khi xem xt my bin p ang vn hnh, nhn vin trc nht phi ng
ngng ca phng t my pha trc ro chn. C th c php vt qua ro
chn vi iu kin l cc mt bch pha di cc s trn np my bin p v
nhng b phn c in trn li i khng c ro che phi cao ti thiu l:
- 2,5 m i vi in p t 10 kV tr xung.
- 2,75 m i vi in p 35 kV.
- 3,5 m i vi in p 110 kV.
i vi cc my bin p ca Nh my in hoc trm c ngi trc phi
cn c vo cc ng h o lng ca bng in kim tra vn hnh. Mi gi
phi ghi thng s ca cc ng h (trong c c nhit du my bin p) mt
ln. Nu my vn hnh qu ti th na gi ghi thng s mt ln.
i vi cc my bin p khng c ngi trc mi ln i kim tra phi ghi
in p, dng in v nhit du vo s vn hnh. i vi cc my bin p
phn phi phi kim tra ph ti ba pha vo gi cao im xem c cn bng khng,
nu cn phi c bin php phn b li ph ti.
Xem xt, kim tra (khng ct in) my bin p phi tin hnh theo nh
k sau:
a. ni c ngi trc thng xuyn t nht mi ca mt ln i vi cc my
bin p chnh ca Nh my in v trm bin p, cc my bin p t dng lm
vic v d phng, cc cun in khng. Ba ngy mt ln i vi cc my bin p
khc.
b. ni khng c ngi trc thng xuyn: i vi nhng my bin p t
1000 kVA tr ln 15 ngy mt ln; nhng my bin p khc 3 thng mt ln, tu
theo yu cu c th.
Kim tra bt thng my bin p phi c tin hnh khi:
a. Nhit my t ngt thay i.
b. Khi my b ct bi r le hi hoc so lch.
Ni dung cng vic kim tra xem xt bn ngoi cc my bin p bao gm:
39

10/2005
1. Kim tra b mt cc s cch in, s u vo (c rn nt, bn, chy

du).
2. Kim tra v my bin p c nguyn vn v c b r du khng.
3. Kim tra mu sc du trong bnh du ph, mc du trong bnh du ph
v cc s c du, p lc du trong cc s p lc.
4. Kim tra tr s ca nhit k, p k.
5. Kim tra cc trang b lm mt v cc trang b ti sinh du lin tc.
6. Kim tra r le hi, van an ton; mt knh ng phng n, v tr ca van
gia r le v bnh du ph.
7. Kim tra cc thit b bo tn hiu.
8. Kim tra cc u cp, thanh dn, cc im ni xem tip xc c b pht
nng khng.
9. Kim tra h thng ni t.
10. Kim tra ting ku ca bin p c bnh thng khng.
11. Kim tra mu sc ca ht ht m trong bnh th.
12. Kim tra tnh trng bung bin p: Ca s, ca ra vo, l thng hi,
n chiu sng, li chn.
13. Kim tra cc trang b phng, cha chy.
Du trong cc my bin p kiu tun hon cng bc phi c tun hon
lin tc khng ph thuc mc ph ti.
Khng c php vn hnh my bin p lm mt cng bc nu
khngng thi a vo lm vic cc b bo tn hiu ngng du tun hon,
ngng tun hon nc lm mt hoc ngng qut gi.
Trong cc my bin p c h thng lm mt du bng nc, p sut du
phi cao hn p sut nc lm mt t nht 0,2 kg/cm2. Phi cho tun hon nc
sau khi chy bm du, khi ngng ch ct bm du sau khi ngng bm nc.
Cc trang b phng chng chy t c nh, trang b thu gom du di
my bin p v ng x du t ra phi c bo qun trong trng thi sn sng
lm vic.
Mc du trong cc my bin p ang lm vic phi ngang vch du tng
ng vi nhit du trong my hoc ng h bo mc du bo ng nhit
du my.
Vic ng in vo my bin p phi tin hnh theo trnh t sau:
1. Trc khi ng in vo my bin p phi kim tra cn thn, tho g
ht cc dy ni t, xem li bin bo, ro ngn tm thi.
Cc phiu cng tc cho php lm vic phi thu hi.
2. Nu t ln th nghim sau cng n khi ng in thi gian qu 3
thng th phi tin hnh o in tr cch in, tang gc tn tht in mi (i vi
cp in p cao hn 35 kV), ly mu du phn tch gin n theo cc mc t 1,
6, 10 (xem ph lc 1). Ring i vi cc my bin p c np ni t hoc c mng
cht do bo v du th th thm mc 11. Nu my bin p ni vi dy cp ngm
khng qua dao cch ly th c th o in tr cch in my bin p cng vi cp
nhng khi o phi ct my bin p o lng (nu c).
3. Kim tra tr s cc nhit k, p k, kim tra mc du.
40

10/2005
4. Kim tra xem trong r le c kh khng, van ct nhanh cc van ng

ng dn du, van h thng lm mt, van ln r le hi c m khng.
Kim tra v tr nc b iu chnh in p xem c ng vi phiu chnh
nh khng.
Kim tra xem trn my bin p c d vt khng.
5. Kim tra ni t v my v c vt chy du trn my khng.
6. Kim tra xem cc u ra v trung tnh ca my bin p c c u vo
chng st van nm trong s bo v my khng.
7. ng in vo my bin p theo cc quy nh ti iu 46.
Vic ng in xung kch vo cc my bin p sau lp t, sa cha tin
hnh theo trnh t sau:
1. Tin hnh tt c cc mc nh iu 41 mc 1 - 6.
2. Kim tra s tc ng ca ton b h thng r le bo v my. Sau khi
kim tra xong phi c bin bn xc nhn.
Tip im r le hi chuyn sang v tr ct, r le qu dng t thi gian 0
giy.
3. Kim tra s tc ng ca tt c cc my ct theo tt c cc bo v.
4. My bin p ng in khi tt c cc bo v u c a vo lm vic.
5. Vic ng in my bin p ch tin hnh t nht l sau 12 gi k t ln
b xung du cui cng.
6. C th ng in my bin p t mt trong cc pha cao, trung, h p.
Nu c iu kin th nng in p t t ln nh mc, nu khng c iu
kin th ng in nh mc t nht 30 pht nghe v quan st trng thi my
bin p.
Trong thi gian ny cho php ct cc qut gi cng bc ca my bin p
kiu QG v KD nhng nhit lp du trn cng khng c vt qu 600C.
7. Tin hnh ng xung kch my bin p in p nh mc kim tra
xem cc bo v chnh nh c ng khng (khng tc ng khi xung ng dng
in t ho).
8. Nu kt qu xung kch tt my c php mang ti v a vo vn
hnh.
Khi thao tc ng v ct my bin p cn theo cc quy nh di y:
1. ng in vo my bin p phi tin hnh t pha cung cp in n c
trang b bo v tnh trng sn sng ct khi my bin p s c.
2. Nu c my ct phi dng my ct ng hoc ct.
3. Hin nay hu ht cc trm u thc hin ng in vo MBT bng my
ct.
Nu khng c my ct c th dng dao cch ly 3 pha c b truyn ng
c kh hoc b truyn ng in ng ct dng in khng ti cc my bin
p theo bng 7.
Cc dao cch ly 3 pha thng dng kiu trong nh hoc ngoi tri cp in
p t 10 kV tr xung cho php ng ct khng ti my bin p t 1000 KVA
tr xung.
41

10/2005
Dng t ho ti a cho php ng ct ca my bin p c xc nh da

trn iu kin qu p cho php vn hnh n 105% in p ng vi nc in p
tng ng v khi dng in t ho bin p tng ln 1,5 ln so vi nh mc.
Bng 7
Thng s
Khong cch ti
thiu gia cc
pha, m
Dng t ho ti
a ca bin p
in p 105%
nh mc, A
Cng sut ti a
ca my bin p,
MVA
in p nh mc dao cch ly
35 kV
110 kV
Dao chm
Dao quay
Dao chm dc Dao quay ngang
dc
ngang
1-1,2
1,6
1-1,2
2,5
2,5
3,5
2,3
11
2,3
11
10
14,5
10
14,5
1.8
20
1.8
20
40
5.6
31.
5
40
5.6 31.5
4. Vic ct dng in khng ti ca my bin p c cun dp h quang

trung tnh ch c tin hnh sau khi ct cc cun dp h quang ny.
5. i vi nhng my bin p u theo s khi "my pht - bin p"
khi ng vo vn hnh nn dng my pht in tng in p ln dn dn n
in p nh mc.
6. i vi cc my bin p c b iu chnh in p di ti (AT) sau
khi ct cc ph ti pha h tiu th th nn tng h s bin p trc khi dng dao
cch ly ct pha ngun cung cp.
Tt c cc my bin p d phng u phi iu kin sn sng ng
in bt c lc no.
i vi nhng my bin p d phng m thi gian ngng vn hnh ko
di th phi quy nh thi gian ng in sy.
R le ca my bin p d phng vn phi v tr pht tn hiu kp
thi pht hin mc du h thp.
i vi nhng my bin p khng c b AT trc khi thay i nc phi
ct in v phi tin hnh theo phiu cng tc.
i vi nhng my bin p t 1000 kVA tr ln sau khi chuyn nc cn
kim tra li in tr mt chiu cc cun dy. i vi nhng my bin p di
1000 kVA sau khi chuyn nc cn kim tra thng mch.
i vi nhng my bin p c b AT cn duy tr thng xuyn s tng
ng gia in p li v in p nc iu chnh.
Khng c vn hnh lu di my bin p vi b AT khng lm vic.
B AT ca my bin p phi c vn hnh theo ng quy nh ca nh
ch to. Tnh hnh thay i nc in p phi c ghi vo nht k vn hnh.
Khng c php chuyn nc iu chnh trong trng hp my bin p
ang qu ti nu dng ph ti vt qu dng nh mc ca b AT.
42

10/2005
tng ni, phi xc nh s lng my bin p lm vic ng thi tu

theo biu ph ti c xt n tin cy cung cp in cho cc h dng in.
cc li phn phi in p 15 kV tr xung, phi tin hnh o ph ti v
in p ca cc my bin p mi qu t nht 1 ln vo thi k ph ti cao nht v
thp nht.
My bin p c php lm vic song song vi cc iu kin sau:
a. T u dy ging nhau.
b. T s bin p bng nhau hoc chnh lch khng qu 0,5%.
c. in p ngn mch chnh lch khng qu 10%.
d. Hon ton ng v pha.
i vi my bin p sau khi lp xong hoc sau khi tin hnh nhng cng
vic c th lm thay i v tr pha th trc khi a vo vn hnh tr li phi th
ng pha vi li hoc vi my bin p khc s lm vic song song.
Khi mc u trong my bin p ln cao qu mc quy nh phi tm ra
nguyn nhn. Khi cha tch ri mch ct ca r le hi th khng c m cc
van tho du v van x kh, khng c lm nhng thao tc khc trnh r le
hi tc ng nhm.
V.2: X l my bin p vn hnh khng

bnh thng v s c.
Trong khi vn hnh nu thy my bin p c nhng hin tng khc
thng nh chy du, thiu du, my b nng qu mc, c ting ku khc
thng, pht nng cc b u ct s, b AT hot ng khng bnh thng...
phi tm mi bin php gii quyt, ng thi bo co vi cp trn v ghi
nhng hin tng, nguyn nhn vo s nht k vn hnh.
My bin p phi c a ra khi vn hnh trong cc trng hp sau
y:
1. C ting ku mnh, khng u v ting phng in bn cnh my.
2. S pht nng ca my tng ln bt thng v lin tc trong iu kin
lm mt bnh thng, ph ti nh mc.
3. Du trn ra ngoi my qua bnh du ph, v knh phng n hoc du
phun ra qua van an ton.
4. Mc du h thp di mc quy nh v cn tip tc h thp.
5. Mu sc ca du thay i t ngt.
6. Cc s b rn, v, b phng in b mt, p lc du ca cc s kiu kn
khng nm trong quy nh ca nh ch to. u ct b nng .
7. Khi kt qu phn tch du cho thy du khng t cc tiu chun ca
ph lc 1 hoc khi chp chy gim qu 50C so vi ln th nghim trc.
Khi my bin p qu ti cao hn nh mc quy nh, nhn vin trc ca
phi tm bin php iu chnh v gim bt ph ti ca my.
43

10/2005
Khi nhit du trong my bin p tng ln qu mc gii hn, nhn vin

trc ca phi tm nguyn nhn v bin php gim bt nhit bng cch:
1. Kim tra ph ti ca my bin p v nhit mi trng lm mt.
2. Kim tra thit b lm mt, tnh hnh thng gi ca bung t my.
Nu nhit ca my bin p ln cao do thit b lm mt b hng m c
iu kin ct my sa cha th nn ct my sa cha, khi iu kin vn
hnh khng cho php ct my hoc khi khng cn ct my vn c th sa cha
c th ch cn ngng ring thit b lm mt, ng thi nhn vin trc ca phi
iu chnh gim bt ph ti cho ph hp vi cng sut ca my bin p trong
iu kin vn hnh khng c thit b lm mt.
Nu mc du h thp mc quy nh th phi b sung du. Trc khi b
sung du phi sa cha nhng ch r, b chy du.
Nu v nhit tng cao m mc du trong my bin p ln cao qu vch
quy nh th phi tho bt du khi my.
Nu mc du trong cc s c du h thp gn ht ng thu ch mc du
hoc khi p lc du trong cc s kiu kn thp di mc quy nh th phi np b
sung du v tm nguyn nhn khc phc. Khi b sung du phi theo ng quy
nh ca nh ch to trnh lt kh vo s.
Khi r le hi tc ng bo tn hiu phi xem xt bn ngoi my bin p,
ly mu kh trong r le phn tch v kim tra tnh cht chy ca kh.
Nu kh chy c hoc trong khi c cha nhng sn phm do phn hu
cht cch in phi nhanh chng ct my bin p. Trng hp cht kh khng
sc, khng mi, khng t chy c th vn c th my bin p tip tc vn
hnh.
R le hi c th pht tn hiu nhm do cc l do sau:
1. Lt kh vo my bin p do c s h trong h thng lm mt cng bc
hoc khng kh vo theo du khi lc du hoc bm du mi cha kh kh.
2. Thiu du, mc du h qu thp.
3. Xung ng do ngn mch trn li lm du b y ngc ln bnh du
ph.
4. Chnh lch p sut trong bnh du ph v ng phng n.
5. S c, chm chp mch nh th.
Khi kim tra cht kh c th chy c hay khng phi ht sc thn trng,
khng c a la qu gn van x kh ca r le hi m phi cch 5 - 6 cm v
hi chch sang mt pha.
Nu nguyn nhn r le hi tc ng khng phi l do khng kh lt vo
my bin p th phi kim tra nhit chp chy ca du v nu nhit chp
chy gim qu 50C so vi ln th nghim trc th phi tch my ra khi vn
hnh.
Nu nguyn nhn r le hi tc ng l do khng kh trong du thot ra
th phi x ht khng kh trong r le hi. Trng hp x nhiu ln khng ht
khng kh th cho php chuyn r le hi sang v tr bo tn hiu v bo co ngay
vi cp trn.
44

10/2005
Cn c theo mu sc v tnh cht ca kh tch lu trong r le hi c th s

b xc nh tnh cht s c nh sau:
Tnh cht ca kh
Mu vng, khng t chy c
Mu tro nht, mi hi, t chy c
Mu , mu en d chy
Tnh cht s c
G b chy
Giy, cc tng cch in b chy
Du b chy, phn hu
Khi my bin p b ct do r le hi hoc r le so lch th ch c a my

tr li vn hnh sau khi xem xt, th nghim, phn tch mu kh v khc phc
nhng im bt thng.
Nu vic ct my bin p dn n vic ngng cp in cho nhng h s
dng in quan trng, cho php dng my ct ng li mt ln nu my bin p
c c bo v so lch v bo v hi nhng ch b ct bi mt trong hai bo v
v khng thy r du hiu bn ngoi chng t my h hng.
Trng hp my bin p b ct do cc bo v khc ngoi so lch v r le
hi c th ng my bin p tr li lm vic khng cn kim tra.
Khi my bin p b chy cn phi ct hon ton in p khi my, bo
cng an cu ho, cp trn v tin hnh dp la theo quy trnh phng chng chy
n.
Phi tin hnh x du van x du s c ti y my nu iu kin cho
php. c bit ch khng la lan n cc my bin p v cc thit b in
khc xung quanh.
45

10/2005
chng Vi: Quy trnh thao tc

( Trch Nhim v iu HT 1 - Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 1899/
NL/L!-7 ngy 04/05/1994 ca Ph Gim c Cng Ty in Lc 1 )
Trc khi thao tc cn lu cc im sau:
- S kt dy li khu vc v trm.
- Tro lu cng sut.
- Tnh hnh vn hnh ca h thng rle bo v, t ng ho.
- Mi thao tc thay i phng thc kt dy khng c tin hnh khi giao
nhn ca tr trng hp e do n tnh mng v thit b.
VI.1: Thao tc dao cch ly:

1- Khng dng DCL ng ct dng in ti.
2- Dng DCL thao tc
- ng v ct dao tip t cc im trung tnh ca MBA.
- ng v ct cun dp h quang khi khng c chm t.
- ng v ct mch vng khi MC vng vi chng ng.
- ng v ct dng in np cc thanh ci v cc TU.
- ng v ct dng t ho ca MBA m trung tnh ni qua cun dp
h quang ch sau khi tch cun dp h quang ra.
VI.2: Thao tc my ct:

- Cho php ng ct ph ti v ngn mch trong phm vi dung lng ca
MC.
- Sau khi ng, ct phi kim tra 3 pha c bnh thng khng.
- Phi kim tra:
+ p lc kh nn i vi MC khng kh.
+ p lc kh SF6 i vi MC dng kh SF6.
- MC ct ngn mch n s ln quy nh th phi kim tra.
VI.3: Thao tc mch vng:

Yu cu:
- Cng U.
- Cng f.
- Cng v tr pha.
- Kim tra tro lu cng sut v rle bo v.
46

10/2005
Cho php dng DCL thao tc mch vng khi: mch vng ny c
khp kn bng mt mch vng khc c in khng rt nh. Tho mn iu kin:
a- I< 100 A
1000 d > 5I2 Z + 305
b- I > 100 A
1000 d > 500I2 Z + 305
VI.4: Thao tc cun dp h quang:

Cun dp h quang (DHQ) c s dng trong:
1- Li 35 kV Ic > 10 A c 2 l xut tuyn tr ln.
2- Li 15 22 kV khi Ic > 15 A
3- Li 6 kV khi Ic > 20 30 A
- Cm thao tc cun DHQ khi li c chm t hay khi in p di ng
im trung tnh v dng khng i xng vt qu tr s cho php di y:
in p mng (kV)
in p di ng im trung tnh (kV)
Dng khng i xng (A)
6
1,75
30
35
10
10
- Cm ni cun DHQ ng thi vo 2 im trung tnh 2 MBA.
VI.5: Thao tc MBA:

Khi a MBA vo vn hnh phi ln lt ng MC (DCL) pha ngun
trc ri n MC (DCL) pha ph ti sau. Khi thao tc a ra, thao tc theo trnh
t ngc li.
VI.6: Thao tc ng dy ti in:
- Khi thao tc ng ng dy ti in phi theo trnh t sau:
1- ng DCL thanh ci.
2- ng DCL ng dy
3- ng MC.
- Khi thao tc ct in:
1- Ct MC.
2- Ct DCL ng dy.
3- Ct DCL thanh ci.
VI.7: Mt s thao tc mu
47

10/2005
(xem s thao tc)

Kt dy trc lc thao tc:
- Kt dy nh v: my ct chn ly in thanh ci chn, my ct l ly
in thanh ci l.
- Cc DCL -9 v tr ct.
- My ct 112 ng
- Thanh ci 9 v my ct 100 ang d phng.
1- Thao tc tch MBA:
MBA T1 ang vn hnh thanh ci 1.
DCL 131-1, 131-3, MC 131 ng
DCL 131-2, 131-9 ct
Cp in cho ph ti 35 kV v 10 kV qua MC 331 v 931
Cc bc thao tc:
1- Ct MC 931 kim tra ct tt 3 pha.
4- Ct DCL 931-1
5- Ct DCL 931-3
6- Ct DCL 331-1
7- Ct DCL 331-3
8- Ct DCL 131-3
9- Ct DCL 131-1
10- ng DT 931-38
11- ng DT 331-38
12- ng DT 131-38
2- Thao tc dng MC 100 thay MC 171 a ra sa cha:
MC 100 ang d phng, tiu chun vn hnh.
DCL 100-1, 100-2, 100-9 ct . MC 100 ct
Thanh ci C19 ang d phng
Cc bc thao tc:
1- Kim tra C19 khng cn tip a di ng v c nh. Cc DCL -9 ct
ht.
2- Chnh bo v MC 100 theo MC 171
3- ng DCL 100-9
4- ng DCL 100-1
5- ng MC 100 kim tra ng tt 3 pha.
7- ng DCL 171-9
8- ng MC 100 kim tra ng tt.
9- Ct MC 171 kim tra ng tt.
10- Ct DCL 171-7
11- Ct DCL 171-1
48

10/2005
12- ng T 171-75
13- ng T 171-15
Giao MC 171 cho n v cng tc.
3 - Thao tc chuyn i thanh ci.
Chuyn ng dy 171 sang ly in thanh ci 2
Th t cc bc thao tc:
1- Kim tra my ct 112 dang ng tt 3 pha
2- Kho bo v MC 112
3- ng DCL 171-2
4- Ct DCL 171-1
5- a bo v MC 112 vo lm vic.
49

10/2005
chng Vii: r le bo v v t ng ho
ViI.1: C s d liu dng tnh ton ngn mch
1- Mt s nt tng qut:
Cng trnh h thng ti in 500 kV Bc Nam c khi cng xy dng
vo ngy 05/04/1992 v ho in hp nht 3 h thng in min vo ngy
27/05/1994. H thng ti in 500 kV i qua 14 tnh, thnh ph xut pht t Nh
my thu in Ho Bnh kt thc ti trm 500 kV Ph Lm nm Ty nam thnh
ph H Ch Minh vi tng chiu di 1487 km.
ng dy 500 kV xuyn Bc Nam vo vn hnh chnh thc, h thng
in Vit nam tr thnh mt h thng thng nht, vic ch huy iu hnh v x l
s c c thc hin thng qua iu h thng in min di s ch huy trc
tip ca Trung tm iu H thng in Quc gia. Theo phn cp hin nay vic
tnh ton rle bo v v t ng ho ca li in min do Trung tm iu
min thc hin. S liu dng in ngn mch ca HT Quc gia (cc min) da
trn s liu tnh ton chun ca b phn tnh ton thuc phng Phng thc Trung tm iu HT min thc hin.
Cc cp in p v ch vn hnh trung tnh hin nay bao gm:
500 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 22 kV trung tnh ni t trc tip
35 kV, 10 kV, 6,3 kV trung tnh cch in hoc c ni t qua cun
dp h quang.
i vi H thng in min Bc, Trung tm iu HT min Bc chu
trch nhim qun l vn hnh ch huy x l s c v tnh ton tr s rle bo v,
t ng ho bao gm cc thit b (ng dy, my bin p...) c cp in p 220
kV, 110 kV.
Cng ty in lc H ni, Cng ty in lc Hi phng v cc in lc
thuc Cng ty in lc I chu trch nhim tnh ton rle bo v cho cc ng
dy 35, 22, 10, 6 kV do in lc qun l.
2- Cc c s d liu c s dng trong tnh ton ngn mch:
Cc s liu phc v cho vic tnh ton tr s ngn mch H thng in Vit
Nam c s dng trn c s cu hnh ca H thng in hin ti. Cc d liu
my pht, ng dy, MBA... c cung cp t cc iu min. Thng tin v
chng loi ng dy, chiu di, v tr cc pha trn ct v loi ct l c s d liu
Trung tm iu HT Quc gia tnh ton thng s vt l ng dy bng
phn mm chuyn dng IMTP. Thng s v MBA v cc ph ti cc trm phn
phi do cc iu min cung cp.
3- Ch tnh ton:
50

10/2005
a- Ch max HT v ngun:
- Cc nh my thu in v nhit in pht cng sut ti a theo thit k.
b- Ch max kt cu li:
Phng thc kt dy c bn ca HT 3 min c lin kt thng qua
ng dy 500 kV, sao cho ch vn hnh tnh ton l max, c bn v kt dy.
Tng tr khng th t thun, nghch v th t khng l nh nht. i vi h
thng in min Bc, trong tnh ton ngn mch tr s dng in 3 pha v 1 pha
cung cp thng qua ng dy 500 kV chim t trng khng ln ( khong 1520% ) do tr khng kh ln ca ng dy 500KV, vic phn b ngun ph ti
v kt cu li chuyn ti v phn phi 220 kV, 110 kV ca h thng in min
Bc.
ViI.3: Mt s vn thc hnh

trong chnh nh bo v rle
1- La chn ch tnh ton:
Ch tnh ton la chn 2 ch gii hn:
1. Ch max: Tt c cc loi thit b u tham gia vn hnh. Cc ng dy
c ni song song. Cc mch vng c khp kn.
2. Ch min: ch vn hnh ti thiu cc ngun. Mt s mch vng c
m. ng dy kp tch 1 mch sa cha...
La chn kt dy cho tng trng thi tnh ton, ni chung phi xem xt cc
phng thc in hnh.
Trong thc t, xut hin cc tnh hung c bit, phi xem xt ti nh:
- Hai hoc 3 ng dy cng ni vo mt my ct.
- Ni cm MBA - ng dy
- Tho lo ng dy mt im no ...
Nhng trng hp phi tnh ton kim tra li rle bo v.
2- Tnh ton ng xung kch:
ng xung kch l th thit b mi lp t hoc sau i tu. V xc sut s
c ln, nn vic ng xung kch phi c tr s chnh nh ring.
Nguyn tc chnh nh ng xung kch:
- m bo khi c s c thit b ng th, n phi c ct ngay khi
mng.
- Phi c bo v d phng tin cy khng xy ra m rng s c.
Do , cc chnh nh xung kch nh sau:
- Bo v qu dng h thi gian xung nh nht, thng thng l 0,5 sec v
dng tc ng m bo nhy khng nh hn 2,0 .
51

10/2005
- Bo v khong cch:
+ Cp 2: C nhy cui ng dy t 1,5
+ Cp 3 : nhy khng di 2,0 thi gian chnh nh nh nht cho php.
- Bo v Io: H thi gian cp 3 v cp 4 xung nh nht c th, m bo
nhy khng nh hn 2,0
- Chnh li bo v my ct pha trc k bn tng nhy v gim thi
gian bo v mt cch tng ng.
3- Qun l tr s chnh nh:
Tr s chnh nh cn c qun l sao cho d theo di nht. Do , thc
hin mt s nguyn tc sau:
- Mi thit b c bo v cn phi c mt phiu ring, c h s theo di
cc phiu theo trnh t thi gian, v l do phi thay i tr s chnh nh.
- Mi trm c mt h s ring, trong cc phiu hin hnh phi thnh
mt tp, ghi r l phiu hin hnh.
- Khi thay i tr s chnh nh cn ghi r:
+ L do thay i.
+ Phm vi s dng.
+ Thi gian thc hin chnh nh.
+ Ngi thc hin chnh nh.
- Pht hnh phiu chnh nh gm 3 bn:
+ 1 bn lu iu .
+ 1 bn lu k thut.
+ 1 bn giao cho trm.
H s 3 ni lp phi thng nht.
- Thc hin chnh nh phi theo ng quy trnh. Cc hng mc bt buc
phi th khi thc hin chnh nh:
+ T s bin dng.
+ T u dy bin dng.
+ Dng in khng can bng.
V cc hng mc khc theo quy nh. Bin bn th nghim phi hp l v
lu ti trm v i th nghim.
4- Qun l h thng bo v rle:
Ngoi vic qun l tr s chnh nh, qun l h thng rle bo v cn lm
nhng vic sau y:
a- Theo di s tc ng ca BVRL:
Cc hng mc theo di:
- Thi im tc ng.
- Loi bo v.
52

10/2005
- Phn loi s c.
- Phn tch nguyn nhn tc ng.
b- iu tra s c:
Khi xc nh c nguyn nhn tc ng l do s c, cn tnh ton phn
tch h thng BVRL lm vic xc nh nguyn nhn v nu cn th ra bin
php khc phc.
Vic phn tch ny cn thc hin bng tnh ton phn tch ch trc,
trong v sau s c c c s ti hin li bc tranh din bin s c.
c- Kim tra s hot ng ca rle:
Nu nguyn nhn tc ng l do trc trc BVRL, cn kim tra s hot
ng v nguyn nhn hot ng sai. Cc trng hp thng gp l:
* Nhy vt cp: Bo v pha trc tc ng v nhy my ct khi s c
pha sau. Nguyn nhn c th l:
- Tnh ton chnh nh khng m bo s phi hp chn lc. Cn tnh kim
tra li.
- Bo v pha sau t chi tc ng: c th do my ct, do rle trc trc, hoc
do ngun thao tc.
- S c phc tp thong qua hoc vnh cu thng l s c 2 im: 1 im
pha sau, 1 im pha trc. Thng loi ny hay lp li (trong tnh hung
thi tit xu), cn c th phn on c.
* Rle tc ng sai: Bo v so lch tc ng khi ngn mch ngoi khu vc
bo v, bo v I2 tc ng khi qu ti, bo v Io tc ng khi ngn mch gia cc
pha... Cc loi nguyn nhn ny thng thng l do u dy BI sai.
Cch kim tra:
- Kim tra t u dy.
- Kim tra Ikcb khi ti t 0,5 nh mc tr ln.
* Cc hng hc rle:
Hng hc thng thng:
- Hng tip im.
- Hng cc linh kin ph nh: tr, linh kin bn dn, cun dy...
- Hng cc b phn c kh.
* Trc trc ngun thao tc:
Ngun thao tc mt chiu thng gp l c quy ht dung lng do bo
qun khng ng ch . Kt qu l h rle bo v b t lit.
53

10/2005
ViI.4: H thng r le bo v
trn h thng in min bc
1- Mt s yu cu i vi h thng r le bo v :
m bo tin cy ti a trong vn hnh, cc thit b bo v cn tho
mn cc yu cu sau:
a, Tc ng nhanh:
Thi gian loi tr ngn mch trn cc phn t mang in trn h thng
in cng nhanh cng tt. Hin nay cc b bo v dng k thut s kt hp vi
my ct hin i, thi gian loi tr s c c th t c chng 4 chu k dng
in cng nghip (80 ms) trong 1/2 chu k cho b phn o lng lm vic,
mt chu k cho r le lm vic, 2 - 2,5 chu k ct my ct.
b, Chn lc:
BVRL phi lm vic chn lc, tc l ct ng im s c, khng m rng
s c.
Cp bo v chnh ca cc phn t ch yu nh my bin p, ng dy
thng c s dng loi bo v c tnh chn lc tuyt i m bo pht hin
v chn ng phn t s c loi tr khi h thng.
chn lc ca h thng bo v c phn lm 2 nhm:
Nhm 1: Chn lc tng i:
Nhm bo v ny phn ng vi tt c cc dng s c vi s bin i cc
thng s vt qu mt ngng no , nh bo v tr khng thp (Khong cch)
bo v qu dng, qu dng chm t ...
Nhm 2: Chn lc tuyt i :
Nhm bo v ny ch phn ng vi s c xy ra cc phn t m thit b
cn phi bo v, m n khng phn ng vi s c xy ra ngoi vng ca bo v
nh bo v so lch dng in, bo v so lch pha, bo v khong cch lin lc
qua cp quang.
c, nhy:
Bo v r le c nhy cng ln cng tt.
d, tin cy :
BVRL ch tc ng theo ng chc nng quy nh v khng c t
chi tc ng, loi tr c s c.
S lm vic tin cy ca cc thit b bo v v my ct in c ngha
quyt nh n tin cy chung ca ton h thng. i vi cc thit b quan
trng, tng tin cy cn s dng 2 hoc nhiu hn h thng bo v lm vic
song song. My bin dng in, bin in p phi c chnh xc cn thit.
54

10/2005
2 - M s ca cc bo v thng gp theo tiu chun ANSI:

F21:
F25:
F27:
F28:
F30:
F49:
F50:
F50N:
F51:
F51N:
50BF:
F59:
F67:
F67N:
F79:
F81:
F85:
F87B:
F87T:
F90:
F94:
FR:
FL:
Bo v khong cch.
R le kim tra ng b.
Bo v km p.
Thit b pht hin chy.
R le cnh bo.
Bo v qu ti.
Bo v qu dng ct nhanh (khng hng)
Bo v qu dng chm t ct nhanh (khng hng)
Bo v qu dng c thi gian (khng hng)
Bo v qu dng chm t c thi gian (khng hng)
Bo v chng h hng my ct.
Bo v qu p.
Bo v qu dng c hng
Bo v qu dng chm t c hng
T ng ng li.
R le sa thi ph ti theo tn s.
Thit b trao i tn hiu ca bo v vi u i din.
R le so lch thanh ci
R le so lch my bin p.
T ng iu chnh in p.
R le trung gian.
My ghi s c.
Thit b xc nh im s c.
3 - Danh sch cc loi R le bo v k thut s ang c s dng trn h

thng in min Bc
Hng ABB
Bo v khong cch
REL 100, REL 521,
REL 511
iu 3:
Bo v qu dng
Bo v so lch
SPAA 341 , SPAJ 140 C,
RET 316*4, RET 521,
SPAJ 141 C, SPAS 348 C, SPAD 346
...
Hng Siemens
Bo v khong cch
7SA 511, 7SA 513,
7SA522
Bo v qu dng
7SJ511, 7SJ 512, 7 SJ 600,
7SJ 61/62...
55
Bo v so lch
7UT
512,
7UT513,
7SS52
iu 4:
Hng AEG
Bo v khong cch
PD 551
iu 5:
Bo v qu dng
PS 431, PS 441, PS 451
Bo v so lch
PQ 721, PQ 731, MCAG
Hng Alsthom
Bo v khong cch
LFZR 112
P431
iu 6:

10/2005
Bo v qu dng
Bo v so lch
KCGG 140, KCEG 140
LFCB 102
KCGG 142...
KBCH 120,130, 140
P121, P122, P123, P127, P633, P634...
P141...
Hng SEL
Bo v khong cch
SEL 321, SEL 311C
Bo v qu dng
SEL351A, SEL 551,
SEL351S...
56
Bo v so lch
SEL 387

10/2005
4. Gii thiu chc nng v nguyn l lm vic ca mt s loi rle k thut

s
thngdng
4.1- Cc bo v ng dy
Bao gm bo v khong cch, bo v qu dng, bo v qu dng chm
t.4.1.1 R le khong cch 7SA 511/ 7SA 513
Rle 7SA 511/513 l hp b bo v ng dy s dng k thut s do hng
Siemens sn xut cho php loi tr nhanh, tin cy v chn lc ca tt c cc dng
s c gia cc pha cng nh s c chm t trong mt hay nhiu ng dy trn
khng hay cp ngm trong cc li in hnh tia, li mch vng hay bt c dng
li kt hp no; vi li in c im trung tnh ni t trc tip, ni t qua
cun dp h quang hay cch in vi t.
Hp b r le ny bao gm tt c cc chc nng quan trng bo v cho
mt ng dy ph ti v do vy n c ng dng mt cch rng ri.
Chc nng c bn ca rle l xc nh khong cch t im ngn mch
n ch t bo v bng cch o tr khng. N c tr gip thm bng mt lot
cc khi chc nng b xung bao gm b kho chng dao ng li, giao din
bo v t xa, bo v qu ti nhit, pht hin s c chm t (i vi cc li cch
in hay c b), bo v chng chm t nhy cao ( i vi s c chm t
in tr cao trong cc li ni t trc tip), t ng ng lp li, kim tra ng
b v kim tra in p, nh v s c ( khoanh vng nhanh khu vc b s c) .
Trong sut qu trnh xy ra mt s c li in, cc bin ca cc gi tr
tc thi c lu gi li trong mt khong thi gian lu nht l 5 giy v sn
sng cho vic phn tch s c tip theo.
Rle 7SA513 bao gm cc chc nng chnh sau:
a.Bo v khong cch
b. Kho chng dao ng
c.Bo v qu dng khn cp
e.Chc nng chng ng vo im s c
f.Chc nng t ng ng li
g. Chc nng kim tra ng b v kim tra in p
h. Chc nng bo v qu dng d phng
i. Chc nng nh v s c
j. Chc nng chng h hng my ct
k. Chc nng bo v qu p
l. Chc nng bo v ng dy c ngun nui yu
m.Cc s logic truyn tn hiu cho php tc ng-POTT v PUTT
4.2 - Bo v my bin p 110 kV
Cc bo v chnh:
57

10/2005
a, Bo v so lch: BVSL MBA c dng lm bo v chnh, chng cc

dng ngn mch pha-pha, pha-t trong phm vi gia cc my bin dng cc
pha ca my bin p ni vi bo v.
b, Bo v r le hi:
Bo v hi (BV gas) dng chng cc s c bn trong my bin p, k c
s c v in v v du. V in, ngoi s c ngn mch gia cc pha cn c cc
s c sau y m cc bo v khc khng tc ng c:
- Chp mt s vng dy trong mt cun.
- Chp tt cc pha gn im trung tnh hay im ni hai pha trong cun
tam gic.
S c v du gm c:
- Lt kh vo du.
- Cn du.
- S c b iu chnh di ti ( tip xc xu, hng tip im, chp tip
im...)
Cc bo v d phng:
Bo v qu dng cc pha ca MBA.
4.2.1 - Bo v so lch my bin p
a. Tng qut:
Bo v so lch my bin p l mt trong cc bo v quan trng cho my
bin p. N dng lm bo v chnh ca MBA trong trng hp s c trong cun
dy. Vng bo v ca bo v so lch nm gia cc bin dng. S c in bn
trong MBA l s ph hi rt nghim trng v tc thi. Ngn mch v s c chm
t trong cun dy v cc u MBA thng c bo v so lch pht hin. S
c chp vng dy m gy phng in gia cc thanh dn cng 1 cun dy, n
cng c th pht hin ra mt s vng dy b chp ln. S c chp vng dy l
s c m bo v kh pht hin nht. Mt s c chp vng nh gm vi vng dy
gy dng in nh, bo v khng pht hin c cho n khi n pht trin thnh
s c chm t. Vi l do , mt iu quan trng l bo v phi c nhy cao
v n c th dng mc t nhy khng tc ng sai khi ngn mch ngoi.
Mt iu quan trng l MBA b s c phi tch ra tht nhanh khi c th.
V vy bo v so lch l b bo v cn c thit k ct nhanh, dng ct
chn lc MBA b s c ra khi li.
Bo v so lch phi khng bao gi tc ng khi s c ngoi vng bo v.
Bo v so lch MBA so snh dng in chy vo MBA v dng in chy
ra khi MBA. MBA lc thng khng nhng thay i tr s in p m cn thay
i c gc pha.
Nhng yu t y cn phi c xem xt c phn tch ng cc iu kin
s c ca bo v so lch. Bo v so lch kiu c yu cu phi c bin th ph
hiu chnh ng gc lch pha v t s. Bo v k thut s da trn thut ton so
58

10/2005
lch s b c dng v gc lch pha. Thng s danh nh, t vc t ca MBA lc

v dng danh nh ca my bin dng s c ci t trong phn mm ca r le.
Dng so lch v l thuyt phi bng khng trong iu kin mang ti bnh
thng hay khi s c ngoi nu gc lch pha c b ng. Tuy nhin vn c vi
hin tng so lch khc vi lc s c bn trong s gy nn dng so lch sai v
khng mong mun. Nhng nguyn nhn chnh, gy nn dng so lch khng
mong mun l:
- Khng tng hp vi v tr khc nhau ca b iu chnh.
- c tnh so lch, ph ti v iu kin vn hnh ca cc bin dng.
- Dng th t khng ch chy mt pha ca MBA lc.
- Dng in t ho bnh thng.
- Dng in t ho tng vt.
- Dng t ho qu kch t.
b. Dng in t ho tng vt:
S tng vt dng t ho l mt iu kin thong qua, n xut hin khi
ng xung kch MBA. Dng in tng vt tng t n khi in p tr v nh
mc v gii tr c s c. Dng t ho xut hin nh mt dng so lch ti
bo v so lch MBA. N khng phi l mt iu kin s c v bo v phi gi n
nh trong lc dng tng vt thong qua.
Hnh dng, ln v khong thi gian lm vic ca dng tng vt ph
thuc cc yu t sau:
- Kch thc MBA.
- V tr ca cun dy c ng in.
- T u dy.
- im ca sng khi ng in
- c im t ca li thp.
Dng tng vt c th xut hin c 3 pha v trong trung tnh ni t.
Cng dng in tng vt cun dy trong th ln hn cun dy ngoi.
Cng dng tng vt trng hp u gp 10 - 20 ln dng nh mc,
trng hp th hai gp 5 - 10 ln. Thng thng cun dy cao th l cun dy
bn ngoi, cn cun dy h th l cun dy bn trong.Dng tng vt tt tng i
chm. Hng s thi gian qu tng i di, vo khong 0,1 sec i vi MBA
100 KVA v ti 1 sec i vi MBA cng sut ln.
Dng sng ca dng t ha MBA bao gm 1 t l sng hi m n tng
thnh 1 dng nh c tng cng ti iu kin bo ho. Dng tng vt l dng
in 1 chiu ( mt pha ca trc thi gian) c dng sng khng phi i xng
qua trc thi gian. Loi sng ny bao gm c sng hi bc chn v l.
Dng tng vt in hnh bao gm s lng sng hi bc 2 v 3 v mt s
sng hi bc cao hn b suy gim.
S hm ca sng bc hai l mt phng php c hiu qu trnh bo v
tc ng sai khi ng xung kch MBA v sng hi bc 2 lun c mt dng in
tng vt. Thnh phn hi bc 2 cha ng dng in so lch c so snh vi
59

10/2005
hi c bn ca dng so lch , nu t s cao hn mc t gii hn th iu kin

tng vt c tha nhn.
Chc nng hm ca sng hi bc hai c mt mc t. Nu t s ca sng
hi bc hai v sng c bn trong dng in vt qu gi tr t, s hot ng ca
bo v so lch s b hm.
c. Dng in qu kch t:
Qu kch t l kt qu ca in p t vo qu cao, c th phi hp vi tn
s thp khi my pht - my bin p. iu kin qu kch thch bn thn n
khng ct nhanh MBA nhng dng in kch t cao c coi nh l
nguyn nhn chnh gy ra dng so lch v n c th gy nn ct nhm ca bo v
so lch.
C qu in p v tn s thp u lm tng dng MBA. Mt MBA qu
kch t khng phi l MBA b s c , n ch l iu kin li in khng bnh
thng, do bo v so lch khng c tc ng.
Dng in qu kch t cha ng nhiu sng hi bc l, bi v dng sng
c i xng qua trc thi gian. V dng hi bc 3 khng chy qua cun tam
gic, hi bc 5 l hi thp nht c th dng nh 1 chun cho qa kch t.
Do vy chc nng ca bo v so lch c cung cp mt b hm sng hi
bc 5 ngn cn bo v lm vic trong iu kin qu kch thch ca MBA.
Nu t s ca sng bc 5 vi sng c bn trong dng so lch cao qu gii
hn mc t th s hm khng cho bo v lm vic.
Nu MBA b lm vic diu kin qu in p v tn s thp phi c
cung cp thm bo v qu kch thch da trn c s V/Hz.
4.2.1.1 R le bo v so lch KBCH 120/130/140
Cc c im bo v ca KBCH:
- Bo v so lch khng i xng
- Bo v s c ni t b hn ch i vi cun dy MBA ring l
- Bo v qu thng lng.
- Tc ng chnh nh cao tc thi.
- Xung t ho b hn ch
- Kho thng lng hi bc 5.
Phn t so lch khng i xng c mt c tnh dc di lch i ngu
m bo nhy cho s c ni b ln n dng ti v n nh trong iu kin s
c nng n chy qua.
Phn t so lch b kho i vi cc iu kin xung kch t ho.
Cc thi gian tc ng c gim nh i vi cc s c ni b nghim
trng c thc hin bng cch s dng mt phn t chnh nh cao.
60

10/2005
Id
tc ng
80%
Hm
20%
Ib
Dng so lch trn c s tng pha c xc nh nh tng vc t ca tt c
cc dng u vo sau khi hiu chnh pha, t s v th t khng c thc
hin. Dng di lch trn mt pha c xc nh nh na tng v hng ca tt c
nhng dng in u vo sau khi hiu chnh pha, t s v th t khng.
Tng vect: Id I1 I 2 I 3
Tng v hng: Ib ( I1 I 2 I 3 ) / 2
Mc tc ng c bn ca phn t so lch chnh nh thp c th thay i
gia 0,1In v 0,5In. Chnh nh c la chn ph thuc vo hng mc ca thit
b ang c bo v v bng tng s ca dng so lch c th thy c trong cc
iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
Tc ng chnh nh cao:
R le KBCH hp nht mt phn t chnh nh cao so lch c lp b xung bo
v c cp bi phn t chnh nh thp so lch khng i xng. Phn t chnh
nh cao tc thi a ra loi tr nhanh hn i vi cc s c ni b nng n v n
khng b kho i vi cc iu kin xung kch t ho hoc qu thng lng qu
.
Phn t chnh nh cao l mt thit b o nh v khng c thi gian tr
vn c cn thit i vi pht hin xung kch t ho v tr c sinh ra bi b lc
Fourier. S n nh c cp i vi cc s c bn ngoi nng n, nhng ngng
tc ng ca phn t so lch chnh nh cao phi c t trnh tc ng i
vi dng in xung.
4.2.2 Bo v R le hi
Bo v r le hi c lp t trn ng ng dn du t bnh du ph
xung thng my bin p. Cu to r le hi gm c hai tip im phao, mi tip
im gm mt phao ln, c mang bu thy tinh cha hai in cc v thu ngn
61

10/2005
bn trong. Mt tip im t gn st np r le, mt nm thp pha di ng tim

ca trc r le.
- Khi c h hng bn trong thng du my bin p ( nh phng in, chy,
chp cc vng dy...) sinh ra hi, hi theo ng dn du ln r le ga lm cho phao
ca r le hi chm xung i khp cc tip im.
- R le cng tc ng khi mc du trong r le h thp.
- Khi c s c trong thng du my bin p pht sinh dng du chy ngc
t thng du my bin p ln thng du ph vi vn tc 100 cm/s r le cng tc
ng.
- Bo v r le hi c 2 cp:
+ Cp 1 ( hi nh ) i bo tn hiu (phao pha trn).
+ Cp 2 ( hi nng ) ct tc thi cc pha my bin p (phao pha di).
Khi c lt kh, hoc khi s c nh (chp t vng), cc bt kh khi di chuyn
ln thng du dn n, s tch t phn gn np ca r le hi. Khi lng tch t
ln, n s lm phao pha trn chm xung v ng tip im.
Khi s c ln nh chp nhiu vng, chp pha, lng kh sinh ra rt ln, to
thnh lung pht qua r le ln thng du dn n. Khi phao di b nhn chm,
tip im di ng li.
Khi du b chy hoc b cn, u tin tip im trn ng, sau tip im
di ng.
VII.5: Mt s k nng tnh ton rle bo v v t

ng ho m bo cho rle bo v lm vic chn
lc, tin cy, chc chn
1- Bo v ct nhanh
a. nh ngha:
Bo v ct nhanh l bo v tc ng khng c thi gian khi dng in
qua ch t bo v vt qu tr s nh trc, gi l dng in chnh nh.
Bo v ct nhanh l bo v thc hin tnh chn lc bng cch chn
dng in khi ng ln hn dng ngn mch ln nht cui khu vc bo
v.
IK = kat .Imax(3)
Trong :
Imax(3) l dng NM 3 pha max cui ng dy c bo v.
kat l h s an ton. kat =1,3 1,5
Kim tra nhy:
K nh
2)
I (min
1,5
I kd
Imin(2) l dng NM 2 pha min ti im t bo v.

62

10/2005
m bo tnh chn lc:

a- Mt ngun cp : cng thc trn
b- 2 ngun cp theo s
(1)
IkCN(A)
(1)
IkCN(B)
(1)
l B
Lu : Trn HT li chuyn ti v phn phi a s vn hnh mch vng

v vy m bo tnh chn lc ca bo v ct nhanh trong mi trng hp phi
tnh dng ngn mch cung cp t 2 pha trong ch max chn dng khi
ng. Nu c nghi ng (Hnh v) phi tnh Imax(3) ti B do ngun A v ngun B
cung cp.
- i vi bo v ct nhanh trong ch vn hnh ca h thng phm vi bo
v ti a 70% chiu di ng dy c bo v trnh bo v ct
nhanh tc ng khi ngn mch u ng dy i din ( khng chn lc).
- i vi bo v c c tnh thi gian ph thuc cn phi tnh dng in
khi ng chnh xc hn. Chn ng c tnh ca tng bo v cho ph
hp m bo bo v gn im ngn mch tc ng trc.
- bo v ct nhanh c tc dng trong mi trng hp u phi kim tra
m bo nhy 1,5.
2- Bo v qu dng
a, nh ngha:
Bo v qu dng l bo v tc ng khi dng in qua ch t bo v vt
qu tr s nh trc, gi l dng in chnh nh, v s tc ng ct mch sau
mt thi gian nh trc, gi l thi gian chnh nh.
b, Dng chnh nh:
Phi m bo bo v phi tr v khi s c c loi tr v cc ng c t
khi ng tr li.
- Dng chnh nh nht th ni t bo v:
63

10/2005
I cz
Trong :
K at
* K mm * I lv max
Kv
I cz - Dng in chnh nh nht th.
K at - H s an ton t 1,2 - 1,5
I lv max - Dng in lm vic ln nht.
Dng in chnh nh ca r le:

I cp
K sd .I cz
nI
Trong :
I cp - Dng in chnh nh ca r le.
K sd - H s s
vi s sao /thiu: K sd 1
vi s tam gic v s tm: K sd 3
nI - T s bin ca bin dng
Kim tra nhy: K nh
)
I N( 2min
Icz
Trong : I N2 min - Dng ngn mch 2 pha min cui ng dy c bo

v.
Yu cu:
K nh 1,1 1,3 khi lm bo v d phng

K nh 1,5 1,8 khi lm bo v chnh
3- Bo v khong cch
nh ngha: Bo v khong cch l bo v tc ng khi tr khng ca ng
dy t ch t bo v n im s c nh hn tr khng t ca bo v v thi
gian t n tr s t trc.
C3(A)
C3(B)
t
t
C2(A)
C1(A)
C3(C)
C2(B)
C2(C)
C1(B)
C1(C)
0s
A
Phi hp thi gian ca bo v khong cch.

Tr s:
- Cp I: Zc 75% chiu di ng dy thi gian t = 0 s
64

10/2005
- Cp II: Zc 1,2 (120%) chiu di ng dy c bo v, thi gian t =

0,3 - 0,5 s ( tu thuc loi rle).
Nu khng m bo Knh 1,2 phi phi hp cp 2 ca ng dy k tip theo
nguyn tc cp 2 thi gian bc thang.
- Cp III: chn theo qu dng
Z cd
U lvmin
3.1,2.1,3.I lv max .tg nh max
C3 (A) cp 3 ca bo v khong cch im A phi chm ht ng dy k tip

vi nhy:
K nh
Z cdIII
1,25
Z11 Z12
Lu : Cc tr s chnh nh u l tr s nht th cha qua t s bin dng TI v

bin p TU.
Kho chng dao ng
Nguyn tc: Bo v khong cch khng c php tc ng khi h thng c dao
ng in nhng khng c s c. i vi loi kho chng dao ng phn bit
gia dao ng v s c bng cc thnh phn 3Io v I2. Tr s chnh nh ca kho
chng dao ng c t nh sau:
3Io: Dng in 3IOmin s c trn thanh ci k tip qua ch t bo v
I 0 cd
3.I 0 min
1,2 1,3
I2 : cng tnh tng t nh 3Io

Gn ng 3Io 40 80A
Tr s
I2 35 70A
nht th
i vi loi kho chng dao ng dng nguyn l bng cch phn bit tc
bin thin vec t tng tr trong trng hp dao ng v s c.
Theo kinh nghim i vi ng dy 110KV:
dZ / dt =60 80 /s
i vi ng dy 220KV:
dZ / dt =80 100 /s
Vic tnh ton xc nh chnh xc dZ / dt rt phc tp, gp nhiu kh khn v
cc d liu a vo tnh ton kh c th su tm . Cc gi tr trn c t
theo khuyn co ca nh ch to thit b v kinh nghim thc t trong vn hnh.
65

10/2005
Bi ging v quy trnh thao tc

QUY TRNH THAO TC
Mc 1. Lnh thao tc
iu 7:
Lnh thao tc do ngi ra lnh truyn trc tip cho ngi nhn lnh
bng li ni thng qua h thng thng tin lin lc. Trng hp c bit,
khi mt lin lc c th truyn lnh thao tc qua nhn vin vn hnh
trung gian.
iu 8:
Khi truyn t lnh, ngi ra lnh phi ni r h tn mnh v phi xc

nh r h tn, chc danh ngi nhn lnh. Mi lnh thao tc phi
c ghi m.
iu 9:
Trong lnh thao tc, ngi ra lnh phi tnh n s phc tp ca nhim
v t ra.
Lnh phi ch r trnh t tin hnh thao tc v mc ch thao tc.

iu 10: Lnh thao tc phi ngn gn, r rng v chnh xc. Ngi ra lnh v
ngi nhn lnh phi hiu r trnh t tin hnh tt c cc bc thao tc

d kin v iu kin cho php thc hin theo tnh trng s v ch
vn hnh thit b.
iu 11: Ngi nhn lnh thao tc phi nhc li ton b lnh, ghi chp y
trnh t thao tc, tn ngi ra lnh v thi im yu cu thao tc. Ch

khi no ngi ra lnh xc nh hon ton ng v cho php thao tc th
ngi nhn lnh mi c tin hnh thao tc. Thao tc xong phi ghi
li thi im kt thc v bo co li cho ngi ra lnh.
Trng hp ngi nhn lnh cha hiu r lnh th c quyn ngh
ngi ra
lnh gii thch.
iu 12: Khi thy c kh nng mt lin lc trc tip vi cc nhn vin thao tc
lu ng, cho php ra lnh cc nhn vin ny ng thi nhiu nhim

v thao tc v hn gi thao tc.
iu 13: Lnh thao tc c coi l thc hin xong khi ngi nhn lnh bo co
cho ngi ra lnh bit kt qu hon thnh.
Mc 2. Phiu thao tc
iu 14: Phiu thao tc phi r rng, khng c sa cha ty xa. Ring i
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10/2005
vi cp iu , phiu thao tc do phng thc lp c th thay i ni

dung thao tc ph hp vi s thc t nhng phi c s ng ca
ngi duyt phiu, mi thay i phi c ghi vo mc Cc hin
tng bt thng trong thao tc v s nht k vn hnh. Cc phiu
thao tc lp ra phi c nh s. Nhng phiu thao tc thc hin
xong phi c lu tr t nht 3 thng.
iu 15: Phiu thao tc mu hoc chng trnh thao tc mu c th c lp cho
nhng trng hp sau:

2. Thao tc tch hoc a vo vn hnh thanh ci.
3. Thao tc dng my ct vng thay cho my ct ang vn hnh v
ngc li.
4. Thao tc tch ra hoc a vo vn hnh my bin p c in p
pha cao p t 110 kV tr ln.
5. Thao tc tch hoc a vo vn hnh cc thit b b in p t
110kV tr ln.
Phiu thao tc mu do cc trung tm iu hoc c s lp,
nhng u phi do cc cp iu qun l iu khin thit b tng
ng duyt trc khi thao tc.
iu 16: Khi ra cc lnh thao tc, ngi ra lnh phi ch cc iu sau:
1. Thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc thao tc.

2. S kt dy hin ti ca HT, ca li in khu vc hoc ca
nh my, trm cn thao tc.
3. Tnh trng vn hnh ca cc thit b ng ct. Tnh trng vn
hnh v nguyn tc hot ng ca r le bo v, thit b t ng,
cun dp h quang, im trung tnh ni t, thit b o lng,
iu khin v tn hiu t xa.
4. Nhng phn t ang ni t vnh cu.
5. D on xu hng thay i cng sut, in p trong h thng
in sau khi thao tc v phi c bin php iu chnh thch hp
trnh qu ti hoc in p thp.
6. S h thng thng tin lin lc iu , h thng SCADA, c
bit trong nhng trng hp cc thao tc c nh hng n
phng thc vn hnh ca h thng thng tin lin lc v
SCADA.
7. Ngun cung cp v s h thng in t dng.
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8. Cc bin php an ton i vi ngi v thit b, cc lu khc

lin quan n thao tc.
iu 17: Khi thc hin phiu thao tc cc nhn vin nhn lnh phi ch cc
iu sau:
1. Phiu thao tc phi ph hp vi yu cu ca thao tc.
2. Trc khi tin hnh thao tc phi kim tra s tng ng ca s
ni dy thc t c ph hp vi phiu thao tc khng.
3. Nu thy c iu khng hp l hoc khng r rng trong phiu
thao tc cn ngh ngi giao phiu thao tc lm sng t. Ch
c thc hin thao tc khi hiu r cc bc thao tc.
4. Tt c cc thao tc u phi thc hin ng theo trnh t nu
trong phiu khng c t thay i trnh t nu khng c l
do.
5. Khi thc hin xong bc thao tc no, cn phi nh du vo
phiu trnh nhm ln v thiu st cc hng mc.
6. Trong qu trnh thao tc nu c xut hin cnh bo hoc c
nhng trc trc v thit b v nhng hin tng bt thng cn
phi kim tra lm sng t trc khi thc hin cc thao tc tip
theo.
7. Mi thao tc dao cch ly v dao tip a bng iu khin t xa
u phi kim tra trng thi ti ch ngay sau mi ln thao tc
(tr trm GIS).
8. Sau khi hon thnh tt c cc hng mc thao tc theo phiu
ngi thao tc phi k v ghi r h tn vo phiu thao tc.
Mc 3 . Thao tc vi my ct in
iu 18: Qui nh chung v thao tc my ct
1. My ct cho php ng, ct ph ti v ct ngn mch trong phm vi

dung lng ct cho php ca my ct.
2. Kim tra my ct tiu chun ng ct trc khi thao tc (s ln
thao tc, s ln ct ngn mch, p lc kh hoc du ca b phn
truyn ng v dp h quang ...), kim tra mch kho logic gia
my ct v dao cch ly (nu c).
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10/2005
3. My ct ct dng ngn mch n s ln qui nh ca nh ch to,

cn phi a ra kim tra, bo dng theo ng qui trnh c th ca
tng loi my ct.
4. Sau khi ng hoc ct my ct cn kim tra qua cc ng h o
lng xc nh my ct v tr ng hoc m hon ton.
5. nh k kim tra my ct, r le bo v, cc b phn truyn ng,
tnh trng du (i vi my ct du), tnh trng kh nn (i vi my
ct khng kh), tnh trng kh SF6 (i vi my ct SF6).
6. My ct lu ngy khng vn hnh, trc khi a vo vn hnh phi
kim tra li my ct v cc b phn lin quan, m bo my ct vn
hnh bnh thng.
iu 19: Vic tin hnh thao tc my ct ch cho php khi mch iu khin
trng thi tt v mch iu khin khng chm t. Vic tin hnh thao
tc trong trng hp c chm t trong mch iu khin ch cho php
trong ch s c.
iu 20: Sau khi ct bt k my ct no cng phi kim tra ti ch trng thi ct
, nu sau c thao tc ti ch dao cch ly ca mch my ct .

Trc khi thao tc di chuyn my ct hp b t trng thi lm
vic sang th nghim hoc ngc li, cn phi kim tra v tr ct ca
n.
iu 21: Vic ng ct th my ct c thc hin khi m bo c mt trong
cc yu cu sau:
1.Cc dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct c ct hon ton, cng c th
ng dao tip a hoc tip a di ng ch mt pha ca my ct ny.
2. Nu ch ct dao cch ly mt pha ca my ct, th tt c cc tip a
ca ngn u ny phi ct ht.
iu 22: Vic kim tra trng thi my ct theo ch th ca n tn hiu v ca
ng h o lng ch cho php trong cc trng hp sau:

1. Sau khi ct my ct, vic thao tc dao cch ly hai pha my ct c
thc hin t xa.
2.Khi ct mch u ch bng my ct (khng thao tc bng cu dao).
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10/2005
iu 23: Cc my ct ct s c n s ln qui nh, nhng khi cn thit, nu
c php ca Gim c hoc Ph gim c k thut c s qun l

thit b v kim tra tnh trng my ct, b truyn ng vn hnh tt
th c th c ct s c thm.
Mc 4. Thao tc i vi dao cch ly
iu 24: Dao cch ly ch c php thao tc khi khng c dng in. Cho php
dng dao cch ly tin hnh cc thao tc sau:

1.ng v ct im trung tnh ca cc my bin p.
3. ng v ct cc cun dp h quang khi trong li in khng c
hin tng chm t.
4. ng v ct mch vng nhng im qui nh khi my ct vng
ng.
5. ng v ct khng ti thanh ci, on thanh dn.
6. ng v ct dng in ph ti di 15A cc li in p n
10kV (i vi dao cch ly 3 pha c truyn ng c kh).
7. ng v ct mch my bin in p.
8. Dao cch ly 3 pha c th ct ng dy c chm t 1 pha theo qui
nh sau:
- Vi in p 35 kV :
I < 5A
- Vi in p n 10 kV: I < 30A
9. ng v ct ng dy trn khng v ng cp ngm in p n
10kV khi c dng in qun (cn bng) n 70A.
10.
Cc trng hp ng v ct khng ti cc my bin p lc
(dung lng nh), cc ng dy trn khng, cc ng cp phi c n v
qun l thit b cho php ty theo tng loi dao cch ly.
11.
Cc b truyn ng c kh hoc t ng ca cc dao cch ly
dng ng ct dng in t ha, dng in np, dng in ph ti, dng
in cn bng cn phi m bo hnh trnh nhanh chng v thao tc dt
khot.
iu 25: Trc khi thc hin thao tc dao cch ly hai pha my ct th phi kim
tra my ct ct tt 3 pha, ct in iu khin b truyn ng my

ct nu dao cch ly c thao tc ti ch.
iu 26: Thao tc dao cch ly phi thc hin nhanh chng v dt khot, nhng
khng c p mnh cui hnh trnh. Trong qu trnh ng dao

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cch ly nghim cm ct li dao tr li khi thy xut hin h quang.

iu 27: Sau khi kt thc thao tc ng ct dao cch ly cn kim tra v tr cc
li dao phng trnh trng hp cha ng ht, li dao trt ra ngoi

hm tnh...
Thao tc thit b in
Mc 1. Thao tc My bin th
iu 28: Trnh t thao tc tch my bin p
1.Kim tra tro lu cng sut, huy ng ngun hoc thay i kt li

thch hp trnh qu ti cc my bin p khc hoc cc ng dy lin
quan.
2. Chuyn ngun nu ngun in t dng ly qua my bin p .
3. Kha ch t ng iu chnh in p di ti (nu c).
4. Ct my ct ln lt pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p. Kim
tra my bin p khng cn in p.
5. Ct cc dao cch ly lin quan cn thit pha h p, trung p, cao p
my bin p.
6. Ct p t mt cc my bin in p ca my bin p (nu c).
7. ng tip a c nh v t tip a di ng cn thit pha h p,
trung p, cao p my bin p.
iu 29: Trnh t thao tc ng my bin p
1. Ct ht cc tip a c nh v tip a di ng cc pha ca my bin

p.
2. ng p t mt cc my bin in p ca my bin p (nu c).
3. Kim tra h thng bo v, h thng lm mt my bin p a vo
vn hnh.
4. t nc phn p v tr thch hp, trnh qu in p my bin p khi
ng in.
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10/2005
5. ng cc dao cch ly lin quan pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin

p.
6. ng my ct pha ngun phng in my bin p. i vi cc my
bin p ch dng cung cp in cho ph ti th vic ng in my
bin p c tin hnh t pha ngun (pha cao p).
7. Chuyn i ngun t dng (nu cn).
8. Sau khi a my bin p vo vn hnh, kim tra tnh trnh vn hnh
ca my bin p. Ty theo ch vn hnh c th a ch t ng
iu chnh nc phn p vo lm vic.
iu 30: Khi ng hoc ct khng ti my bin p c trung tnh cch in
khng hon ton, cn lu trc phi ni t trung tnh, khng ph

thuc c hay khng c bo v chng st ti trung tnh.
Sau khi ng in c ba pha my bin p, cn a trung tnh ca
n tr li lm vic ng vi ch vn hnh bnh thng.
Mc 2. Thao tc ng ct ng dy ti in
iu 31: Thao tc ng, ct ng dy c thc hin theo trnh t sau:
a)
ng in ng dy:
1. ng dao cch ly my ct pha thanh ci.
2. ng dao cch ly pha ng dy.
3. ng my ct ng dy.
b)
Ct in ng dy:
1. Ct my ct ng dy.
2. Ct dao cch ly pha ng dy.
3. Ct dao cch ly pha thanh ci.
iu 32: Trn ng dy c cc trm r nhnh, trc khi thao tc ct in ng
dy cn phi ct ht ph ti ca cc trm r nhnh .

iu 33: i vi ng dy c nhiu ngun cp, KSH hoc V tin hnh
thao tc ct in ng dy sa cha theo trnh t nh sau:

1. Ct tt c cc my ct ni n ng dy .
2. Ct tt c cc dao cch ly pha ng dy v cc dao cch ly pha
thanh ci ca cc my ct ni trn, k c cc dao cch ly ca cc
trm r nhnh.
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10/2005
3. ng dao tip a ng dy ti tt c cc trm u vo ng

dy ny.
4. Ra lnh cc trm treo bin bo theo Qui trnh K thut An ton
in.
i vi ng dy c ngun t hai pha v khng c nhnh r c
th tin hnh thao tc ct in ng dy sa cha theo trnh t sau:
1.Ct my ct u th nht.
2. Ct my ct u th hai.
3. Ct dao cch ly pha ng dy v dao cch ly pha thanh ci ca
my ct u th hai.
4. Ct dao cch ly pha ng dy v dao cch ly pha thanh ci ca
my ct u th nht.
5. ng tip a ng dy u th nht.
6. ng tip a ng dy u th hai.
7. Lnh cho hai trm hai u ng dy treo bin bo theo qui trnh
an ton.
Mc 2. Thao tc thanh ci
iu 34: Trnh t thao tc chuyn im u t thanh ci lm vic sang thanh ci
d phng khi c my ct lin lc thanh ci nh sau:

1. Xem xt, kim tra h thng thanh ci d phng khng cn tip a, cc
dao cch ly vo thanh ci ny ang ct), ng my bin in p ca
thanh ci ny.
2. ng dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct lin lc thanh ci.
3. ng my ct lin lc thanh ci c rle bo v phng th thanh ci
d phng.
4. Kim tra in p trn thanh ci d phng bng ng h vn mt hoc
bt th in c 3 pha.
5. Ct mch iu khin my ct lin lc.
6. ng cc dao cch ly ca cc my ct ang vn hnh vo thanh ci d
phng v ct cc dao cch ly khi thanh ci cn tch (lu kim tro
tro lu cng sut qua MC lin lc, trnh qu ti MC lin lc).
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7. Kim tra my ct lin lc khng cn dng in ph ti (theo ng h

ampe) nu chuyn ht tt c cc im u sang thanh ci d phng.
8. ng mch iu khin my ct lin lc thanh ci.
9.Ct my ct lin lc thanh ci.
10.Ct cc dao cch ly hai pha my ct lin lc.
iu 35: Trnh t thao tc chuyn im u sang thanh ci d phng khi khng
c my ct lin lc thanh ci nh sau:

1. Phng th h thng thanh ci d phng.
a) Ct my ct ca im u no , m qua n c th phng in
vo thanh ci d phng (lu cc iu kin cho php).
b) Ct dao cch ly thanh ci ca im u trn khi thanh ci ang
vn hnh.
c) ng dao cch ly thanh ci ca im u trn vo thanh ci d
phng.
d) ng my ct ca im u (chnh r le bo v cho ph hp)
phng in thanh ci d phng.
e) Ct my ct ca im u .
f) Chnh r le bo v ca my ct ny v gi tr c.
Nu khng c my ct phng th thanh ci d phng th phi
kim tra k (c th bng m gm mt) thanh ci trc khi
phng in.
2. Ct cu ch mch nh th my bin in p thanh ci d phng.
3. ng dao cch ly thanh ci ca mt trong nhng im u vo
thanh ci d phng ni cng hai thanh ci (lu chuyn bo v so
lch thanh ci cho ph hp).
4. ng li cu ch ca mch nh th my bin in p thanh ci d
phng v kim tra in p trn thanh ci ny.
5. ng my ct ca im u dng phng th thanh ci d phng
chn bc 1.
6. Thc hin thao tc chuyn ln lt cc im u, tr im u
chn bc 5.
7. Kim tra mch nh th ca tt c cc im u tch ra khi my
bin in p thanh ci cn tch.
8. Ct cu ch mch nh th my bin in p thanh ci cn tch.
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9. Ct dao cch ly thanh ci ca im u phng th cn li (c

chn bc 3) khi thanh ci cn tch.
iu 36: Trnh t thao tc tch mt thanh ci ang vn hnh ra sa cha i vi
s hai thanh ci vn hnh song song c my ct lin lc thanh ci

nh sau:
1. Ct iu khin my ct lin lc.
2. ng cc dao cch ly ca cc my ct ang vn hnh vo
thanh ci khng tch v ct cc dao cch ly khi thanh ci cn
tch (tr dao cch ly my ct lin lc). Thao tc ln lt tng
ngn mt (lu kim tro tro lu cng sut qua MC lin lc,
trnh qu ti MC lin lc)
3. Kim tra my ct lin lc khng cn dng in ph ti (theo
ng h Ampe) nu chuyn ht tt c cc im u sang
mt thanh ci.
4. ng iu khin cho my ct lin lc v ct my ct lin lc.
5. Ct cc dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct lin lc
Trnh t thao tc a mt thanh ci sau sa cha vo vn hnh i vi s hai
thanh ci c my ct lin lc nh sau:
1. Kim tra thanh ci cn a vo vn hnh tiu chun vn hnh, ct
ht cc tip a thanh ci, ng dao cch ly hai pha my ct lin lc.
2. ng my ct lin lc thanh ci c r le bo v phng th thanh ci cn
a vo vn hnh.
3. Ct iu khin ca my ct lin lc.
4. ng cc dao cch ly ca cc my ct m trong ch vn hnh qui nh
lm vic vi thanh ci cn a vo v ct cc dao cch ly ca cc my ct
ny ra khi thanh ci ang vn hnh lc trc.
5. ng iu khin cho my ct lin lc.
iu 37: i vi s c my ct lin lc v my ct vng ring bit.
Trnh t thao tc dng my ct vng thay cho mt my ct khc tch my ct

ny ra nh sau:
1. Xem xt, kim tra thanh ci vng khng cn tip a, cc dao cch ly vo
thanh ci ny ang ct, ng my bin in p ca thanh ci vng.
2. ng dao cch ly ca my ct vng vo thanh ci lm vic.
3. ng dao cch ly ca my ct vng vo thanh ci vng.
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4. ng my ct vng c r le bo v phng th thanh ci vng.

5. Kim tra in p trn thanh ci vng, nu tt ct my ct vng ra.
6. ng dao cch ly vng ca ngn my ct cn thay th.
7. Chnh v chuyn bo v r le my ct vng cho ph hp theo my ct cn
thay th (nu khng c mch t ng chuyn hoc mch t ng khng
lm vic).
8. ng my ct vng.
9. Ct my ct cn tch ra v ct dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct ny
(chuyn bo v thanh ci cho ph hp).
Trnh t thao tc a my ct vo lm vic v tch my ct vng ang thay th
ra nh sau:
1. Kim tra my ct nh a vo vn hnh ang trng thi ct.
2. ng dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct nh a vo vn hnh.
3. ng my ct nh a vo.
4. Ct my ct vng (chuyn bo v cho ph hp).
5. Ct dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct vng.
6. Ct my bin in p thanh ci vng.
7. Ct dao cch ly vng ca my ct a vo.
iu 38: i vi s c mt my ct lm chung nhim v my ct lin lc v
my ct vng, hai thanh ci ang lm vic song song (dao cch ly 2B

hoc 0 v dao cch ly 1 ang ng).
-9
-2B (-0)
-1
-2A (-2)
Trnh t thao tc dng my ct vng thay cho mt my ct khc tch my ct

ny ra nh sau:
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10/2005
Xem xt, kim tra thanh ci vng khng cn tip a, cc dao cch ly vo thanh
ci ny ang ct, ng my bin in p ca thanh ci vng.
1. Ct iu khin ca my ct vng.
2. ng dao cch ly "2A" (hoc "2") ca my ct vng ni cng hai thanh
ci nu iu kin cho php (lu chuyn bo v so lch thanh ci cho ph
hp).
3. ng iu khin my ct vng.
4. Ct my ct vng.
5. Ct dao cch ly "2B" (hoc "0") ca my ct vng.
6. ng dao cch ly "9" ca my ct vng vo thanh ci vng.
7. ng my ct vng c r le bo v phng th thanh ci vng.
8. Kim tra in p trn thanh ci vng, nu tt ct my ct vng ra.
9. ng dao cch ly vng ca ngn my ct cn thay th.
10. Chnh v chuyn bo v r le my ct vng cho ph hp theo my ct cn
thay th (nu khng c mch t ng chuyn hoc mch t ng khng
lm vic).
11. ng my ct vng.
12. Ct my ct cn tch ra v ct dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct ny
(chuyn bo v thanh ci cho ph hp).
Trnh t thao tc a my ct vo lm vic v tch my ct vng ang thay th
ra nh sau:
1. Kim tra my ct nh a vo vn hnh ang trng thi ct.
2. ng dao cch ly hai pha ca my ct nh a vo vn hnh.
3. ng my ct nh a vo.
4. Ct my ct vng.
5. Kim tra dao cch ly "2B" (hoc "0") ca my ct vng ang ct, ct
dao cch ly "-9" ca my ct vng.
6. Ct my bin in p thanh ci vng.
7. Ct dao cch ly vng ca my ct a vo.
8. ng dao cch ly "2B" (hoc "0") ca my ct vng.
9. ng my ct vng.
10. Ct iu khin my ct vng.
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10/2005
11. Ct dao cch ly "2A" (hoc "2") ca my ct vng (Lu chuyn bo

v so lch thanh ci cho ph hp).
12. ng iu khin my ct vng.
Mc 3. Thao tc khp mch vng, tch mch vng, ha in, tch li

iu 39: Ch c php khp kn mt mch vng trong HT khi ti im khp
mch vng chc chn ng v tr pha (xc nh bng th nghim

hoc bng ct ng b khi xc nh l cng th t pha). cc cp
iu cn c danh sch cc im c th khp mch vng v c
lnh o cp iu duyt.
iu 40: Trc khi thao tc khp mch vng hoc tch mch vng, trc khi
thao tc ng hoc ct cc ng dy lin kt h thng, cn c bit

lu n hot ng ca bo v rle v t ng, kim tra tro lu cng
sut v ch in p trong HT.
iu 41: Trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, thao tc ha in phi c
thc hin ti my ct c trang b thit b ha ng b.

Chnh lch tn s gia hai pha im ho: f 0,05 Hz m bo
gc lch pha ca r le ho ng b l 150 trong khong thi gian
1,5 giy.
Chnh lch in p gia hai pha im ho: U 5%.
iu 42: Trong trng hp s c, cho php chnh lch tn s khng qu + 0,5%
(tc l 0,25 Hz) v in p chnh lch khng qu 10%.

iu 43: Trong trng hp c bit x l s c, cho php ha in theo
phng php t ng b hoc phng php ng in phi ng b vi

qui trnh ring cho tng my pht v tng im ha trn h thng.
iu 44: Khi thao tc ct ng dy ni NM vi HT hoc tch cc HT ra
c lp, KSH QG phi phi hp vi KSH M iu chnh

cng sut gia cc nh my hoc cn bng cng sut cc HT sao cho
duy tr c tnh trng vn hnh bnh thng ca cc HT.
Mc 4. Thao tc a thit b, ng dy mi vo vn hnh

iu 45: Ch a thit b, ng dy mi vo vn hnh tun theo mc 9
chng IV ca Qui trnh iu H thng in Quc gia.

iu 46: Trc khi ng in hoc ho li thit b mi phi lu cc iu kin
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10/2005
sau:
1.Thit b c th nghim tiu chun vn hnh v kim tra ng th t
pha v ng v pha.
2. Cc h thng bo v r le , h thng lm mt, h thng phng chng chy
... sn sng lm vic.
3. Bo v r le c chnh nh theo yu cu ng in thit b mi.
4. Hi ng nghim thu k quyt nh ng in hoc ho li thit b
mi.
Trnh t thao tc ng in hoc ho li thit b mi theo phng n c
cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
iu 47: Trc khi ng in ng dy mi phi lu cc iu kin sau:
1. ng dy c kim tra ng th t pha v ng v pha.

2. Bo v r le c chnh nh theo yu cu ng in ng dy
mi.
3. Hi ng nghim thu k quyt nh ng in ng dy mi.
Trnh t thao tc ng in ng dy mi theo phng n c
cc
79

10/2005
QUY TRNH VN HNH MY BIN IN P

Gii thiu chung
My bin in p o lng ( TU ) l thit b in t tnh, dng bin i
in p cao th xung in p chun danh nh 60; 100V hoc 110V cung cp
cho cc mch o lng-iu khin-bo v-tn hiu.
TU thng c ch to vi cun dy ngm trong du cch in, gi l
TU kh ( TUD ) hoc c bc trong cch in cng poxi, gi l TU kh (
TUK ). Cc TU 6; 10kV c ch to kiu 1 pha, 3 pha 3 tr hoc 3 pha 5 tr.
Cc TU 22; 35kV c ch to theo kiu 1 pha u vo in p pha hoc 1 pha
u vo in p dy. Cc TU 110kV c ch to kiu 1 pha u vo in p
pha. Mt s TU 110kV cn c ch to theo kiu phn p bng t gim chi
ph cch in ng thi c th kt hp phc v thng tin ti ba.
Mt s cc k hiu thng gp trn nhn TU:
1. T u dy:
- Y0/Y0/ y l TU 3 pha 5 tr 3 dy qun hoc t hp t ba TU mt
pha, cun dy cao th c u theo hnh sao v c im trung tnh ko ra ngoi.
Cun dy h th th nht cng c u theo hnh sao c im trung tnh ko ra
ngoi. Cun dy h th th hai c u theo hnh tam gic h ly ra in p
th t khng.
- Y/Y0 y l TU 3 pha 3 tr 2 dy qun u vo in p dy, cun
dy cao th c u theo hnh sao, im trung tnh khng ko ra ngoi. Cun
dy h th cng c u theo hnh sao c im trung tnh ko ra ngoi.
2. T s bin:
- 35000/3/100/3/100:3V y l TU ch lm vic c vi in p
pha ca li 35kV. Khi cun dy cao th chu in p pha 35kV/3 = 20,2kV th
cun dy h th th nht c in p l 100V/3 = 57,7V, cn cun dy h th th
hai ( u tam gic ) c in p l 100V:3 = 30,3V
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10/2005
- 35000/100V y l TU lm vic vi in p dy ca li 35kV. Khi

cun dy cao th chu in p dy 35kV th cun dy h th c in p l 100V.
Tng t vi cc TU in p dy 6000/100V; 10000/100V
3. Cp chnh xc v dung lng:
-
CX
0,5 1
3
;
;
TU t cp chnh xc l 0,5 khi ti pha th cp
S
120 200 600VA
khng ln hn 120VA, tng t l cc cp chnh xc tng ng vi ph ti pha

th cp: 1/200; 3/600VA
- 3P: Khi TU lm vic vi in p ca li b s c th sai s hn hp ca
TU l 3% ( m bo cp in p cho mch bo v )
- Smax = 1200VA Cng sut cho php ln nht ca ph ti pha th
cp. Nu TU lm vic vi cng sut Smax th cp chnh xc khng xc nh
nhng cun dy ca TU khng b hng v qu trnh gia nhit.
iu kin mi trng lm vic
Nhit : Max:
450C
Min:
50C
Kh hu: Nhit i
m cc i: 95%
m trung bnh: 85%
cao: 1000m ( so vi mc nc bin )
Lp t trong nh hoc ngoi tri tu theo nh ch to
Ch vn hnh
iu 1: Trc khi ng in, TU phi c th nghim t tiu chun ng thi
dy u nh th m bo khng c im b chm chp, ngn mch, mc
du trong TU ( vi loi TUD ) hoc v cch in khng b rn nt
cng nh c vt dn in bm vo ( vi loi TUK ).
iu 2: in p a vo TU phi ph hp vi in p nh mc ca TU.
iu 3: Cho php TU c vn hnh vi in p cao hn in p nh mc
khng qu 10%.
iu 4: m bo cp chnh xc, cng sut tiu th ca ph ti pha cun dy
h th khng c php ln hn cng sut nh mc ng vi cp chnh
xc ghi trn nhn ca nh ch to. Trong mt s trng hp phc v
mch iu khin, cho php vn hnh ngn hn TU ti cng sut m TU
c th chu ng theo iu kin pht nhit cho php ca nh ch to ghi
trn nhn TU.
81

10/2005
iu 5: i vi nhng trm c ngi trc, vic xem xt kim tra ( khng ct in

) phi thc hin nh k mi ca mt ln. ng thi phi kim tra ngay
sau khi c s thay i t ngt, c tn hiu cnh bo hay tn hiu bo v
tc ng.
iu 6: i vi cc TU nhng trm khng c ngi trc hoc nhng trm o
m danh gii, vic kim tra phi c thc hin mi khi vo trm
kim tra cc thit b ca trm cng nh khi vo trm ghi thng s
hoc thao tc.
iu 7: Kim tra xem xt bn ngoi TU gm c:
- Xem xt ton b TU xem c r du khng ( vi TUD )
- Quan st mc du ( vi TUD c knh bo du )
- Quan st xem c im no b phng in b mt, nt v v cch in
khng ( vi TUK )
- Theo di ting ku ca TU.
- Kim tra s nh la, pht nhit ti cc im tip xc gia cc u ct
vi thanh ci, thanh dn.
- Kim tra ht hp th ( Silicagen ) v mc du trong cc du ca bnh
th ( nu c ).
iu 8: Trong khi vn hnh nu thy TU c nhng hin tng khc thng nh
chy du, thiu du, nt v v cch in, c ting ku khc thng, pht
nhit u ct... phi bo co iu vin B7 c bin php x l kp
thi v ghi li nhng hin tng, nguyn nhn vo s nht k vn
hnh cng nh l lch thit b.
iu 9: TU phi a ra khi vn hnh trong cc trng hp sau:
- C ting ku mnh, khng u v ting phng in bn trong
- Du tro ra ngoi qua bnh du.
- Mc du h thp di mc quy nh v cn tip tc h thp.
- Mu sc ca du thay i t ngt.
- Cch in b rn nt, v, b phng in b mt, u ct s b nng .
- Kt qu th nghim nh k khng t tiu chun
iu 10: Nu mc du h thp hn mc quy nh th phi b sung du, trc khi
b sung du phi x l nhng ch r r.
iu 11: Kt hp thi gian ct in v sinh v kim tra TU theo cc hng mc
sau:
- V sinh ton b phn s, v cch in
- V sinh cc knh bo du ( nu c )
- Sn li cc chi tit bng st b han g
- Xit li cc u ct u dy cao, h th, cc v tr ni t
- B sung du ( nu mc du khng m bo iu kin vn hnh )
- Thay ht chng m nu cc ht chng m i mu.
iu 12: iu kin tip xc trc tip vi TU:
82

10/2005
- Cu dao pha cao th cp in vo TU ct v treo bin bo an ton ti

tay thao tc cu dao.
- Thanh dn pha cao th ca TU tip a
- Mch nh th ca TU c tch ra bi aptomat, cu dao hoc dy u
nh th c tho ra khi TU.
iu 13: Vic b xung du nn chn du cng loi hin c trong TU. Nu dng
du khc loi vi s lng > 10% s lng du hin c trong TU th phi
kim tra k v n nh, cc tnh cht l-ho ca du.
bo dng
iu 14: Cc ch bo dng
- Tiu tu: Tu sa TU c ct in nhng khng tho du v khng rt rut
TU ra khi v ( vi TUD ), thng kt hp cng thi gian th nghim
nh k. Ngai ra c th phi thc hin nhng sa cha nh bt thng
khng theo k hoch.
- i tu nh k ( vi TUD ): Rt rut TU ra khi v, kim tra sa cha
ton din TU, c th bao gm c sy. i tu nh k ln u tin khng
qu 8 nm k t khi a TU vo vn hnh c xt n kt qu th nghim
nh k. Nhng ln i tu nh k tip theo cn c vo kt qu th nghim
nh k v tnh trng TU.
- i tu phc hi( vi TUD ): Tu theo tnh trng cun dy, bn th TU
m c th thay th, qun li mt phn hay sa cha cc b.
iu 15: Khi lng tiu tu
- Kim tra, x l tip xc ti cc u ct u vo, ra cc s cao, h th
- V sinh b mt cc s, v cch in TU bng cn cng nghip
- Xit li cc chi tit c kh bn ngoi v TU m trong qu trnh vn hnh
c th b d do khng cht.
- X l cc im r r du giong s, v nu c.
- Kim tra cc hng kp u ni dy mch nh th, cp nh th
- X cn bn bnh du ph, b xung du bnh du ph. Thng ra ng
thu, kim tra ng bo du ( vi TUD ).
- Kim tra cc van v cc giong ( vi TUD )
- Thay Silicagen trong cc bnh xi phng nhit v cc bnh th ( vi TUD
). Ln thay Silicagen trong bnh xi phng nhit u tin phi tin hnh
sau mt nm vn hnh v sau phi thay khi tr s axit trong du t ti
0,1mgKOH/1gam du hoc khi hm lng axit ho tan trong nc ln
hn 0,014mgKOH
iu 16: Khi lng i tu nh k( vi TUD )
- Tho v TU
- Kim tra v sa cha rut TU, gng t.
- Sa cha v TU, bnh du ph, ng phng n, cc van, s u vo.
83

10/2005
- V sinh sn li cc chi tit st b han g

- Lc li du hoc thay du mi
- Sy li rut TU ( nu cn )
- Th nghim kim tra TU theo khi lng nu ti chng IV v tiu
chun th nghim nghim thu bn giao cc thit b in ca B nng
lng ban hnh ngy 14 thng 3 nm 1987.
Trc khi i tu TU phi tin hnh th nghim ton b TU so snh vi
s liu sau i tu.
iu 17: Khi lng i tu phc hi
Khi lng i tu phc hi c tin hnh nh khi i tu nh k nhng
tu theo tnh trng rut my m tin hnh sa cha, thay th cc b hay
ton phn. Vic sy cc cun dy sau i tu phc hi l bt buc k c s
liu th nghim kim tra t tiu chun.
th nghim
iu 18: Khi lng v thi hn th nghim sau lp t, i tu
- Kim tra ngoi dng
- o in tr cch in
- o tn hao in mi
- Kim tra cc tnh hoc t u dy
- o t s bin
- o in tr mt chiu cc cun dy
- Th nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao i vi cc TU c cch in
c ch to theo kiu cch in u u v u cui ca cun dy cao
th nh nhau ( khng thc hin hng mc ny vi cc TU c ch to
theo kiu cch in gim dn )
- Th nghim du cch in ( vi TUD c Um 35kV ng thi c Sm
50VA )
iu 19: Khi lng v thi hn th nghim nh k ( 03 nm/ln )
- Kim tra ngoi dng
- o in tr cch in
- o t s bin
- Th nghim du cch in ( vi TUD c Um 35kV ng thi c Sm
50VA )
84

10/2005
iu 20: Khi lng v tiu chun th nghim du

TT
1.
2.
Hng mc th nghim
in p chc thng ( kV )
Um 15kV
15kV Um 35kV
Um 110kV
110kV Um 220kV
Um 500kV
Tn tht in mi - Tg ( % )
200C
900C
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tr s mg KOH / 1gam du
Tr s axit v kim ho tan trong
nc
Tp cht c hc
Nhit chp chy kn
7.
Khi lng cn ( % )
Tr s axit du sau xy ho
8.
9.
Ch s Natri
nht ng (m3/s)
200C
500C
Hm lng nc theo khi
lng(%)
Hm lng kh ho tan ( % )
220kV 330kV
500kV
10.
11.
85
Du mi trong TU
Du trong vn hnh
30
35
45
60
70
25
30
40
55
60
0,2
2,2
0,02
1
7
0,25
Khng c
0,1mgKOH
Khng c
1350C
Khng c
Gim khng qu 50C
so vi ln phn tch
trc
Khng th
Khng th
0,01
0,10mgKOH/1g
du
0,4
Khng th
28
9,0
0,001
Khng th
Khng th
0,0025
1,0
0,5
2,0
2,0

10/2005
QUY TRNH VN HNH MY BIN DNG

Gii thiu chung
My bin dng in ( TI ) l thit b in t tnh, dng bin i dng
in in p cao th xung dng in chun danh nh 1 hoc 5A c in p
thp cung cp cho cc mch o lng-iu khin-bo v-tn hiu.
TI thng c ch to vi cun dy ngm trong du cch in, gi l TI
du ( TID ) hoc c bc trong cch in rn, poxi, gi l TI kh ( TIK ).
Thng thng cc TI 6; 10kV c ch to kiu TIK. Cc TI 22; 35kV c th
c ch to to kiu TID, cng c th c ch to kiu TIK. Cc TI 110kV
c ch to kiu TID. Mt s TI 110kV cn c ch to theo kiu phn tng
gim chi ph cch in.
Mt s cc k hiu thng gp trn nhn TI:
1. T s bin:
- ( 50-100 )/5A y l TI c t s bin c th thay i ph hp vi
dng in pha s cp. Ngi ta c th thay i t s bin bng cch thay i s
vng dy qun pha s cp hoc thay i s vng dy qun pha cun dy th
cp.
- 150/5A Khi dng in chy qua cun dy s cp c gi tr l 150A
th trong mch in pha th cp ca TI c dng in c gi tr l 5A.
3. Cp chnh xc v dung lng:
- CX: 0,5 TI t cp chnh xc l 0,5 khi ti pha th cp 120% dung
lng nh mc ca TI. Cun th cp c cp chnh xc 0,5VA c s dng cho
cc mch o lng
- 5P10: Khi bi s dng in chy qua cun dy s cp ca TI c gi tr =
10 th sai s hn hp ca TI l 5%. Cun th cp c cp chnh xc 5P10 c s
dng cho cc mch bo v
- S = 30VA Dung lng nh mc ca TI. Nu ph ti pha th cp ca
TI c cng sut tiu th 30VA th TI m bo cp chnh xc ghi trn nhn
ca TI.
iu kin mi trng lm vic
Nhit : Max:
450C
Min:
50C
Kh hu: Nhit i
m cc i: 95%
m trung bnh: 85%
cao: 1000m ( so vi mc nc bin )
Lp t trong nh hoc ngoi tri tu theo nh ch to
86

10/2005
Ch vn hnh
iu 1: Trc khi ng in, TI phi c th nghim t tiu chun ng thi
dy u nh th m bo khng c im b chm chp, ngn mch hoc
t, mc du trong TU ( vi loi TID ) hoc v cch in khng b
rn nt cng nh c vt dn in bm vo.
iu 2: Khng c vn hnh TI vi in p ln hn in p lm vic max ca
TI.
iu 3: Cho php TI c vn hnh vi dng in chy qua cun dy s cp cao
hn dng in nh mc ti 20%.
iu 4: m bo cp chnh xc, cng sut tiu th ca ph ti pha cun dy
th cp khng c php ln hn cng sut nh mc ghi trn nhn
ca TI.
iu 5: i vi nhng trm c ngi trc, vic xem xt kim tra ( khng ct in
) phi thc hin nh k mi ca mt ln. ng thi phi kim tra ngay
sau khi c s thay i t ngt, c tn hiu cnh bo hay tn hiu bo v
tc ng.
iu 6: i vi cc TI nhng trm khng c ngi trc hoc nhng trm o
m danh gii, vic kim tra phi c thc hin mi khi vo trm kim
tra cc thit b ca trm cng nh khi vo trm ghi thng s hoc
thao tc.
iu 7: Kim tra xem xt bn ngoi TI gm c:
- Xem xt ton b TI xem c r du khng ( vi TID )
- Quan st mc du ( vi TID c knh bo du )
- Quan st xem c im no b phng in b mt, nt v v cch in
khng, c vt dn in bm vo v cch in khng.
- Theo di ting ku ca TI.
- Kim tra s nh la, pht nhit ti cc im tip xc gia cc u ct
vi thanh ci, thanh dn.
- Kim tra ht hp th ( Silicagen ) v mc du trong cc du ca bnh
th ( nu c ).
iu 16: Trong khi vn hnh nu thy TI c nhng hin tng khc
thng nh chy du, thiu du, nt v v cch in, c ting ku khc
thng, pht nhit u ct... phi bo co trc vn hnh, iu vin
B7 c bin php x l kp thi v ghi li nhng hin tng, nguyn
nhn vo s nht k vn hnh cng nh l lch thit b.
iu 8: TI phi a ra khi vn hnh trong cc trng hp sau:
- C ting ku mnh, khng u v ting phng in bn trong
- Du tro ra ngoi qua bnh du.
- Mc du h thp di mc quy nh v cn tip tc h thp.
- Mu sc ca du thay i t ngt.
87

10/2005
- Cch in b rn nt, v, b phng in b mt, u ct s b nng .

- Kt qu th nghim nh k khng t tiu chun
iu 9: Nu mc du h thp hn mc quy nh th phi b sung du, trc khi
b sung du phi x l nhng ch r r.
iu 10: Kt hp thi gian ct in v sinh v kim tra TI theo cc hng mc
sau:
- V sinh ton b phn s, v cch in
- V sinh cc knh bo du ( nu c )
- Sn li cc chi tit bng st b han g
- Xit li cc u ct u dy cao, h th, cc v tr ni t
- B sung du ( nu mc du khng m bo iu kin vn hnh )
iu 11: iu kin tip xc trc tip vi TI:
- Cu dao, my ngt pha cao th cp in vo TI ct v treo bin bo
an ton ti tay thao tc cu dao, my ngt.
- Thanh dn pha cao th ca TI tip a
iu 21: Vic b xung du nn chn du cng loi hin c trong TI. Nu dng
du khc loi vi s lng > 10% s lng du hin c trong TI th phi
kim tra k v n nh, cc tnh cht l-ho ca du.
bo dng
iu 12: Cc ch bo dng
- Tiu tu: Tu sa TI c ct in nhng khng tho du v khng rt rut
TI ra khi v ( vi TID ), thng kt hp cng thi gian th nghim nh
k. Ngai ra c th phi thc hin nhng sa cha nh bt thng khng
theo k hoch.
- i tu nh k ( vi TID ): Rt rut TI ra khi v, kim tra sa cha
ton din TI, c th bao gm c sy. i tu nh k ln u tin khng
qu 8 nm k t khi a TI vo vn hnh c xt n kt qu th nghim
nh k. Nhng ln i tu nh k tip theo cn c vo kt qu th nghim
nh k v tnh trng TI.
- i tu phc hi( vi TID ): Tu theo tnh trng cun dy, bn th TI m
c th thay th, qun li mt phn hay sa cha cc b.
iu 13: Khi lng tiu tu
- Kim tra, x l tip xc ti cc u ct u vo, ra cc s cao, h th
- V sinh b mt cc s, v cch in TI bng cn cng nghip
- Xit li cc chi tit c kh bn ngoi v TI m trong qu trnh vn hnh
c th b d do khng cht.
- X l cc im r r du giong s, v nu c.
- Kim tra cc hng kp u ni dy mch nh th, cp nh th
- X cn bn bnh du ph, b xung du bnh du ph. Thng ra ng
thu, kim tra ng bo du ( vi TID ).
88

10/2005
- Kim tra cc van v cc giong ( vi TID )

- Thay Silicagen trong cc bnh xi phng nhit v cc bnh th ( vi TID
). Ln thay Silicagen trong bnh xi phng nhit u tin phi tin hnh
sau mt nm vn hnh v sau phi thay khi tr s axit trong du t ti
0,1mgKOH/1gam du hoc khi hm lng axit ho tan trong nc ln
hn 0,014mgKOH
iu 14: Khi lng i tu nh k( vi TID )
- Tho v TI
- Kim tra v sa cha rut TI, gng t.
- Sa cha v TI, cc van.
- V sinh sn li cc chi tit st b han g
- Lc li du hoc thay du mi
- Sy li rut TI ( nu cn )
- Th nghim kim tra TI theo khi lng nu ti chng IV v tiu chun
th nghim nghim thu bn giao cc thit b in ca B nng lng ban
hnh ngy 14 thng 3 nm 1987.
Trc khi i tu TI phi tin hnh th nghim ton b TI so snh vi s
liu sau i tu.
iu 15: Khi lng i tu phc hi
Khi lng i tu phc hi c tin hnh nh khi i tu nh k nhng
tu theo tnh trng rut my m tin hnh sa cha, thay th cc b hay
ton phn. Vic sy cc cun dy sau i tu phc hi l bt buc k c s
liu th nghim kim tra t tiu chun.
th nghim
iu 16: Khi lng v thi hn th nghim sau lp t, i tu
- Kim tra ngoi dng
- o in tr cch in
- o tn hao in mi ( khng thc hin vi cc TI c Um 35kV )
- Kim tra c tnh V-A
- Kim tra cc tnh
- o t s bin
- Th nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao
- Th nghim du cch in ( vi TID c Um 35kV ng thi c Sm
50VA )
iu 17: Khi lng v thi hn th nghim nh k ( 03 nm/ln )
- Kim tra ngoi dng
- o in tr cch in
- o tn hao in mi ( khng thc hin vi cc TI c Um 35kV )
89

10/2005
- Kim tra c tnh V-A ( 06 nm/ln )

- o t s bin ( 06 nm/ln )
- o in tr mt chiu cc cun dy ( 06 nm/ln )
- Th nghim du cch in ( vi TID c Um 35kV ng thi c Sm
50VA v ch thc hin khi kim tra in tr cch in hoc khi o tn
hao in mi c s bin i bt thng )
iu 18: Khi lng v tiu chun th nghim du
TT
1.
2.
Hng mc th nghim
in p chc thng ( kV )
Um 15kV
15kV Um 35kV
Um 110kV
110kV Um 220kV
Um 500kV
Tn tht in mi - Tg ( % )
200C
900C
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tr s mg KOH / 1gam du
Tr s axit v kim ho tan trong
nc
Tp cht c hc
Nhit chp chy kn
7.
Khi lng cn ( % )
Tr s axit du sau xy ho
8.
9.
Ch s Natri
nht ng (m3/s)
200C
500C
Hm lng nc theo khi
lng(%)
Hm lng kh ho tan ( % )
220kV 330kV
500kV
10.
11.
90
Du mi trong TU
Du trong vn hnh
30
35
45
60
70
25
30
40
55
60
0,2
2,2
0,02
1
7
0,25
Khng c
0,1mgKOH
Khng c
1350C
Khng c
Gim khng qu 50C
so vi ln phn tch
trc
Khng th
Khng th
0,01
0,10mgKOH/1g
du
0,4
Khng th
28
9,0
0,001
Khng th
Khng th
0,0025
1,0
0,5
2,0
2,0

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Khi c qua ti liu ny, nu pht hin sai st hoc ni dung km cht lng

xin hy thng bo chng ti sa cha hoc thay th bng mt ti liu

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NHIM V VN HNH H THNG IN

Nhng yu cu i vi nhn vin trc trm.

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III. Nhim v ca nhn vin vn hnh

IV. Mt s kin thc c bn trong vn hnh .

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3. S nguyn l :V tt c cc phn t cn thit thit b lm vic bnh

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10. S cu a gic : Thanh ci khp kn thnh 1 vng. Phn on bng my ct

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chng I: gii thiu chung:

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22- Hip phc

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I.2: Gii thiu v h thng in Min Bc :

2. 8 NM ngoi ngnh: Cao Ngn, m H bc, Bi bng, Nomura, N Li, Cc

4. 148 trm 110 kV : Do cc CTL v cc in lc Tnh, Thnh ph qun l.

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I.3: M hnh t chc v phn cp qun l:

chng II: mT s kin thc c bn:

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Khng c dng ng ct cc dng in ln .

- MC dng ng ct cc mch in p khi c ph ti v ct dng in ngn

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II.4: My bin in p (TU)

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II.5: My bin dng in (TI)

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chng III:Quy trnh iu h thng in quc gia

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iu 11- Trong cng tc vn hnh li in phn phi, nhn vin vn hnh cp

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10. T chc bi dng, hun luyn, o to cn b, nhn vin vn hnh m

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Phi hp vi cc cp iu tng ng phn b cng sut v sn lng cho cc

III.3: cng tc iu HT Quc Gia

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iu 26- Quyn kim tra thit b ca mt cp iu .

Mc II. Ch ch huy iu h thng in Quc gia.

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iu 32- Nhn vin vn hnh gm c KSH HT Quc gia, KSH HT min,

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nhanh gi v iu cp trn trc tip.Mc II - Ch bo co i vi cc n v

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Mc III - Ch giao nhn ca

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5. Nhng kin ngh vi KSH HT Quc gia v phng thc huy ng

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Mc IV- Ch qun l sa cha thit b

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2. Thng s k thut ca thit b chnh.

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i vi my ct lin lc hai thanh ci hai k t tip theo k t th nht l s

4- My bin p: tn ca MBA bao gm cc k t

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