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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

MC LC
I. MC CH........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
II. PHM VI P DNG ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
III. TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................................................................ 4
IV. NH NGHA V T VIT TT .................................................................................................................................. 4
V. CC BIU MU KM THEO ......................................................................................................................................... 5
VI. NI DUNG ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
VI.1 Cc khi nim, nguyn tc chung v qun l tin d n............................................................................................ 6
VI.1.1 Cc khi nim chung................................................................................................................................................... 6
VI.1.2 Nguyn tc chung ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
VI.2 Quy trnh thc hin qun l tin ................................................................................................................................ 8
VI.2.1 Giai on hoch nh d n......................................................................................................................................... 9
VI.2.2 Qun l tin trng giai on Kim sot d n ....................................................................................................... 25
VI.2.3 Tnh tng tc, tch hp ca qun l tin vi cc qu trnh khc trong qun l d n............................................ 27
VII. LU H S ................................................................................................................................................................ 30
VIII. PH LC QUY TRNH, HNG DN LIN QUAN .............................................................................................. 30

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QUN L TIN D N
I. MC CH

Qun l tin d n l iu m hu ht mi ngi u ngh ti khi h ngh n qun l d n. Qun l tin bt

u t vic nhn nhn xem vic no cn phi lm, lm nh th no, ngun lc no s s dng v lm n trong bao lu,
t y tin hnh xy dng, qun l v kim sot tin .
Mc ch ca vic Qun l tin l xy dng tin cho d n, ng thi theo di v kim sot tin nhm
m bo tin ca d n t c theo k hoch ra ban u. Ti liu ny l dng hng dn ngi dng c
thm phng php, cng c k thut tng bc xc nh c tin ca d n v qun l, kim sot tin .

II. PHM VI P DNG

-

p dng cho Khi iu hnh v kim sot d n trong vic lp k hoch v qun l thc hin d n

p dng cho cc khi, phng ban lin quan khc trong vic phi hp cc hot ng qun l d n.

III. TI LIU THAM KHO

-

Tiu chun ISO 9001:2008;

Ti liu qun l d n PMBOK ca vin qun l d n Hoa K;

Tiu chun ISO 21500 hng dn v qun l d n.

Phng php hoch nh Last planner systerm LPS tc gi Ballard & Howell

Head First PMP Tc gi Jennifer Greene;

IV. NH NGHA V T VIT TT

K HIU

NGHA

K HIU

NGHA

BG

Ban Gim c

P. TCKT

Phng ti chnh k ton

TG

Tng Gim c

P.HTTT

Phng h thng thng tin

P.TG

Ph Tng Gim c

P.HC

Phng hu cn

GDA

Gim c d n

P.KSCP & H

Phng kim sot chi ph & hp ng

P.KHKT

Phng k hoch k thut

P.QSHE

Phng QSHE

B.QLDA

Ban qun l d n

B.BTDA

Ban bo tr d n

CNDA

Ch nhim d n

B.KSDA

Ban Kim sot d n

CHT

Ch huy trng

B.TVDA

Ban tham vn d n

P. PTKD

Phng pht trin kinh doanh

CCB

Ban kim sot s thay i

P. NSHC

Phng nhn s hnh chnh

Ch thch : Cc hnh v th hin trong lu

Thng tin u vo

u ra, kt qu

Qu trnh khc

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

V. CC BIU MU KM THEO
STT

K HIU

TN BIU MU

GIAI ON

ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-05

K hoch qun l tin

Hoch nh

ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a

Tin tng th d n

Hoch nh

ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-12a

Tin trung hn d n

Hoch nh

ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-15a

Bo co tun, tin tun tip theo

Hoch nh
Thc hin & kim sot

ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-04a

Bo co qu d n

Thc hin & kim sot

ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-05a

Bo co thng d n

Thc hin & kim sot

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

VI. NI DUNG

VI.1 Cc khi nim, nguyn tc chung v qun l tin d n

VI.1.1 Cc khi nim chung
-

Qun l tin d n bao gm cc qu trnh c i hi hon thnh tin ca d n. Cc qu trnh trong

qun l tin d n bao gm:

Lp k hoch qun l tin - Plan Schedule Management

Xc nh hot ng Define Activities

Lp chui hot ng Sequence Activities

c lng ngun lc cho hot ng Estimate Activity Resources

c lng thi gian hot ng Estimate Activity Durations

Xy dng tin - Develope Schedule

Kim sot tin - Control Schedule

Organizational Process Assets (OPA) - Ti sn qu trnh t chc: l nhng k hoch, chnh sch, quy trnh,
cc c s tri thc c th m t chc s dng cho nhng d n trc ca t chc. OPA c th bao gm
nhng k hoch hon thin, d liu v ri ro, v cc d liu v chi ph, danh sch thu ph Do , OPA l
d liu u vo cho hu ht cc qu trnh lp k hoch. Trong sut d n, cc thnh vin trong nhm d n c th
cp nht v b sung vo OPA khi cn thit. OPA c th c chia lm 2 loi: (1) cc quy trnh, th tc, v (2)
kin thc, nn tng c bn ca t chc.

Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF) Yu t mi trng doanh nghip: L nhng iu kin tham kho
bn ngoi, khng thuc thm quyn ca nhm d n, m n nh hng, rng buc hoc chi phi d n. EEF cng
l d liu u vo cho hu ht cc qu trnh lp k hoch ca d n. EEF c th tng cng hoc hn ch nhng
la chn ca d n, v c th c nh hng tch cc hoc tiu cc n kt qu ca cng vic.

Project Charter iu l d n: L ti liu do ngi khi to d n hoc nh ti tr chnh ca d n, ch u

t d n chnh thc cng nhn s tn ti ca d n v y quyn cho qun l d n c thm quyn s dng cc
ngun lc ca t chc phc v cho cc hot ng ca d n. iu l d n l ti liu ghi li nhng nhu cu, mc
tiu ca doanh nghip i vi d n, nhng rng buc, s hiu bit v nhu cu ca khch hng, yu cu cp cao,
cc sn phm mi, dch v hoc kt qu ca d n

Schedule baseline - Tin c s: L bng tin chnh thc ca d n dng qun l d n, l c s so

snh, nh gi cc hot ng thc t. Tin c s ch c th thay i khi xut thay i c chnh chp
thun.

Schedule compresion - Nn tin : L k thut rt ngn thi gan tin m khng nh hng n phm vi
d n. Nn tin bao gm cc k thut:
+

Crashing: L phng php dng rt ngn thi gian hot bng cch b sung thm ngun lc.

Fast tracking: L phng php dng rt ngn thi gian thc hin d n bng cch a cc cng vic,
hot ng thng c thc hin theo th t sang thc hin song song t nht l mt phn thi gian ca
n.

Activity list Danh sch cc hot ng: Danh mc cc hot ng, cc rng buc, thi gian bt u, kt thc,
thi gian thc hin ca hot ng c ghi r trong danh sch ny.

Network diagram - Biu mng li: L biu m cc hot ng c th hin bng cc khi hnh (hnh
ch nht), cc quan h c logic gia cc hot ng c th hin bng cc mi tn.

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-

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

Critical path ng gng: l chui cc hot ng xc nh di v thi gian hon thnh d n. L ng

di nht chy sut d n. N thng bt u vi hot ng u tin ca d n v thng kt thc vi hot ng
cui ca d n. Mt s tr thi gian i vi bt c hot ng no trn ng gng s l nguyn nhn lm cho d
n b tr. C th ni, ng gng l mt chui cc hot ng ca d n m d n s b tr nu c hot ng no b
tr.

Float (Slack): Qung thi gian th ni t do gia cc hot ng.

Free float: Thi gian mt hot ng c th chm m khng lm chm n vic bt u sm (Early start) ca hot
ng tip theo.

Total float: Thi gian mt hot ng c th chm m khng lm chm n thi gian hon thnh d n.

Project float: Thi gian mt hot ng c th chm m khng lm chm n gii hn cui cng ca d n.

Bar charts: Cn gi l Gantt charts, th hin cc thng tin v tin ca cc hot ng. Bar chart thng c
s dng kim tra cc qu trnh, bo co trong i d n.

Milestone charts: Xc nh ngy bt u hoc hon thnh ca nhng sn phm quan trng hoc mc thi gian
quan trng. Milestone charts thng c s dng bo co cp cao.

Schedule model: Bao gm cc cc k hoch nh sn, khong thi gian, mc thi gian v cc ngun lc.

VI.1.2 Nguyn tc chung

-

WBS l thng tin u vo quan trng ca Qun l tin . S dng n bao hm ton b danh sch cc sn
phm, hot ng t xc nh cng vic cn phi hon thnh to ra, hon thnh cc sn phm, hot ng

Tt c cc b phn tham gia vo vic hoch nh d n u phi tham gia vo vic lp v kim sot tin

Tin c phn chia thnh nhiu cp , theo mc ch qun l t cp tng th n cp trung hn, ngn
hn

Xy dng tin da trn kh nng thc t cng vic c th hon thnh, sau tm cch lm cho n ph hp
vi cc yu cu khc theo lch, kh khn v cc mc tiu chin lc khc

Tin cn c m bo lun lun c kim sot, c cp nht t thc t hon thnh trn c s ph hp vi
mc tiu tng th d n, cc yu cu v k vng ca khch hng

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QUN L TIN D N
VI.2 Quy trnh thc hin qun l tin

Qun l tin d n bao gm cc qu trnh c i hi hon thnh tin ca d n. Cc qu trnh trong qun
l tin d n bao gm:
-

Lp k hoch qun l tin : l qu trnh ca vic thit lp cc chnh sch, th tc v ti liu hng dn lp k
hoch, pht trin, qun l, thc hin v kim sot tin d n.

Xc nh hot ng: l qu trnh ca vic xc nh v ghi chp li nhng hot ng c th c thc hin to
ra sn phm ca d n.

Lp chui hot ng: l qu trnh ca vic xc nh v ghi chp li nhng mi quan h gia nhng hot ng
ca d n.

c lng ngun lc cho hot ng: l qu trnh ca vic c lng chng loi, khi lng vt t, nhn s,
my mc v cc nh cung cp, nh thu c i hi thc hin tng hot ng.

c lng thi gian hot ng: l qu trnh ca vic c lng thi gian lm vic cn thit hon thnh tng
hot ng vi ngun lc c c lng cho n.

Xy dng tin : l qu trnh ca vic phn tch cc chui hot ng, thi gian lm vic, ngun lc yu cu v
cc rng buc v thi gian to ra tin d n.

Kim sot tin : l qu trnh ca vic gim st tnh hnh cc hot ng ca d n cp nht tin d n v
qun l cc thay i i vi c s tin t c k hoch.

BNG 1: TNG QUAN CC QU TRNH CA QUN L TIN

I.KHI TO D N

II. HOCH NH D N III. THC HIN D N

1. Lp k hoch qun l tin

2. Xc nh hot ng
3. Lp chui hot ng
4. c lng ngun lc cho
hot ng
5. c lng thi gian hot
ng
6. Xy dng tin

IV. THEO DI V KIM

SOT D N

V. NG D N

7. Kim sot tin

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QUN L TIN D N
VI.2.1 Giai on hoch nh d n
A. Lu thc hin
LU 02: QUN L TIN D N TRONG GIAI ON HOCH NH D N
I. KHI TO D N

LU THC HIN

I.I. Khi
Khi to
to d
d n
n

BIU MU

TRCH NHIM

I. Khi to d n
- Xem quy trnh khi to d n ECB-PM-QT-02

I. Khi to d n
- Xem quy trnh khi to d n ECB-PM-QT-02

* iu l d n
* Tin s b ( Preliminary schedule)

* Mc tiu tin
iu
iu l
l d
d n
n

K
K hoch
hoch
qun
qun l
l d
d n
n

1.
1. Lp
Lp k
k hoch
hoch
qun
qun l
l tin
tin

1. Lp k hoch qun l tin

1. Lp k hoch qun l tin
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-05: K hoch qun l tin - GDA/CNDA: Ch tr
- P.KHKT/B.QLDA: Tham gia

* K hoch qun l tin

2.
2. Xc
Xc nh
nh hot
hot
ng
ng

Phm
Phm vi
vi c
c
s
s

EEF/OPA
EEF/OPA

2. Xc nh hot ng
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a : Tin tng th d n

2. Xc nh hot ng
- GDA / CNDA: Ch tr lp
- P.KHKT / B.QLDA : Tham gia lp

3. Lp chui hot ng
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a : Tin tng th d n

3. Lp chui hot ng
- GDA/CNDA: Ch tr lp
- P.KHKT/ B.QLDA : Tham gia lp

Phm
Phm vi
vi c
c
s
s

EEF/OPA
EEF/OPA

5.
5. c
c lng
lng
thi
thi gian
gian hot
hot
ng
ng

* c lng thi
gian hot ng

-- Lch
Lch ngun
ngun
lc
lc
-- Lch
Lch lm
lm
vic
vic

* D ton ngun lc cho hot ng

*S phn r ngun lc

EEF/OPA
EEF/OPA

4.
4. c
c lng
lng
ngun
ngun lc
lc cho
cho
hot
hot ng
ng

3.
3. Lp
Lp chui
chui
hot
hot ng
ng

* M hnh t
chc thi cng

II. HOCH NH D N

* Danh sch hot ng

* Thuc tnh ca hot ng
* Danh sch mc thi gian

6.
6. Xy
Xy dng
dng tin
tin

4. c lng ngun lc cho hot ng

- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a : Tin tng th d n
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-12a : Tin trung hn
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-15a : Tin tun
5. c lng thi gian hot ng
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a : Tin tng th d n
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-12a : Tin trung hn
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-15a : Tin tun

6. Xy dng tin
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a : Tin tng th d n
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-12a : Tin trung hn
- ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-15a : Tin tun
Ri
Ri ro
ro

4. c lng ngun lc cho hot ng

- GDA / CNDA: Ch tr lp
- P.KHKT / B.QLDA : Tham gia lp

5. c lng thi gian hot ng

- GDA / CNDA: Ch tr lp
- P.KHKT / B.QLDA : Tham gia lp

6. Xy dng tin
- GDA / CNDA: Ch tr lp
- P.KHKT / B.QLDA : Tham gia lp

III. THC
THC HIN
HIN D
D
III.
N
N

* Tin c s
* K hoch ngun lc
* K hoch k thut, nghim thu
* D liu tin
* M hnh thi cng

III.
III. Thc
Thc hin
hin d
d
n
n

III. Thc hin d n

- Xem quy trnh thc hin & kim sot d n
ECB-PM-QT-04

III. Thc hin d n

- Xem quy trnh thc hin & kim sot d n ECBPM-QT-04

B. Din gii ni dung

Bc 1. Lp k hoch qun l tin
nh ngha :
Lp k hoch qun l tin l qu trnh ca vic thit lp cc chnh sch, cc quy trnh th tc v cc ti liu cho
vic lp k hoch, pht trin, qun l, thc hin v kim sot tin ca d n. Qu trnh ny l hng dn vic
lm th no tin ca d n c qun l trong sut d n.
S thc hin :

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QUN L TIN D N

QUN L TIN D N
iu l d n
1. Lp k hoch
qun l tin
K hoch qun
l d n

* K hoch qun l tin

2. Xc nh hot
ng

4. c lng ngun
lc cho hot ng

3. Lp chui hot
ng

5. c lng thi
gian hot ng

Nhn din ri ro
Phn tch ri ro

EEF/OPA

6. Xy dng tin

S 1: QU TRNH LP K HOCH QUN L TIN

Din gii ni dung :

K hoch qun l tin l mt thnh phn ca k hoch qun l d n. Ty vo nhu cu ca d n, K hoch qun
l tin c th c nhiu chi tit hoc ch bo gm cc thng tin c s qun l tin ca d n. K hoch qun l
tin xc nh cch thc bo co tin , nh gi sai khc v qun l cc thay i lin quan n thi gian. K
hoch qun l tin l mt u vo quan trng trong qu trnh xy dng k hoch qun l d n.

Thng tin u vo

K hoch qun l d n: Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n phm vi c s: bao gm m t phm vi d n v
WBS xc nh cc hot ng, c lng thi gian v quan rlys tin .

iu l d n: Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n mc thi gian v cc iu kin nghim thu c th nh hng
n tin ca d n

EEF: Cc thng tin t EEF c th nh hng n qu trnh lp k hoch qun l tin bao gm:
+

Cc ngun lc, kh nng k thut sn c ca cng ty

Cng c phm mm qun l d n sn c ca cng ty

OPA: Cc thng tin t OPA c th nh hng n qu trnh lp k hoch qun l tin bao gm:
+

Cng c lp bo co, theo di s c s dng

Thng tin cc d n tng t

Cng c kim sot tin

Cc biu mu sn c

Cc ti liu hng dn, quy trnh thc hin ca cng ty

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

Cng c, k thut

Qu trnh lp k hoch qun l phm vi d n s dng cc k thut sau:

-

Tham vn chuyn gia (Expert Judgment);

K thut phn tch (Analytical techniques);

Hp (Meetings).

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI hoc ti liu hng dn s dng cc cng c k
thut trong qun l d n ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02)

Kt qu u ra

u ra ca qu trnh ny l: K hoch qun l tin (ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-05)

-

K hoch qun l tin l bng m t cch thc c lng cng vic, phng thc kim tra qu trnh, v bo
co trn c s .

K hoch qun l tin s l u vo thng tin ca cc qu trnh con khc. (S 1).

Trong k hoch qun l tin , thng thng s c mt s ni dung sau:

-

Xy dng m hnh tin d n: phng php, cng c, phn mm c s dng thit lp tin d n;

Mc chnh xc: mc chnh xc ca vic c lng thi gian cho hot ng. Bao gm c thi gian hot
ng thc t v thi gian d phng cho hot ng ;

n v o lng: Tng n v c dng o lng u phi c xc nh vi tng ngun lc c th;

Duy tr tin d n: Cch thc c dng cp nht tnh hnh v bo co v tin trong giai on Thc hin
d n;

Kim sot cc gii hn: Cc gii hn thng thng c th hin di dng lch phn trm t cc thng s c
s c thit lp trong k hoch ban u;

Cc quy tc o lng hiu qu: Quy tc s dng EVM hoc cc phng php o lng khc;

Cc biu mu bo co: Cc biu mu bo co, tn sut bo co cn c xc nh trc.

Bc 2. Xc nh hot ng
nh ngha :
Xc nh hot ng l qu trnh ca vic xc nh v ghi li nhng cng vic c th cn thc hin to ra cc sn
phm ca d n. Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l phn r cc gi cng vic thnh cc hot ng (Activities) cung
cp mt c s cho vic c lng, ln tin , thc hin, gim st v kim sot cng vic d n.
Cc mc tiu ca d n t c da trn c s ca vic xc nh, ln k hoch thi gian ca cc hot ng. Qu trnh
to WBS xc nh cc sn phm cp thp nht l gi cng vic. Cc gi cng vic li c chia nh ra gi l cc
hot ng, th hin cc cng vic cn thit hon thnh gi cng vic .
S thc hin :

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QUN L TIN D N

QUN L TIN D N
1. Lp k hoch qun
l tin
* K hoch qun l tin
To lp WBS
* Phm vi c s
2. Xc nh hot
ng
* Danh sch mc thi gian
EEF/OPA

* Danh sch hot ng

* Thuc tnh hot ng

3. Lp chui hot
ng

5. c lng thi
gian hot ng

4. c lng ngun
lc cho hot ng

6. Xy dng tin

S 2: QU TRNH XC NH HOT NG

Din gii ni dung :

Thng tin u vo

K hoch qun l tin : L thng tin u vo chnh, n ch ra mc chi tit cn thit qun l cng vic

Phm vi c s: WBS, sn phm (deliverables), cc rng buc v cc gi nh c ghi chp trong phm vi c
s c xem xt mt cch r rng khi xc nh cc hot ng

EEF: Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n: Vn ha cng ty, h thng thng tin, cc d liu nh mc cng b
..

OPA: Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n: Cc bi hc kinh nghim tng t, cc quy trnh, v d mu, d n
tng t trc

Cng c, k thut

Phn r (Decomposition): l k thut c s dng chia nh phm vi cng vic, sn phm (deliverables) d
n thnh cc phn n hn v d qun l hn. Cc hot ng tng ng vi cc n lc cn thit hon thnh mt
gi cng vic (work packages). Danh sch hot ng, WBS v t in WBS c th c xy dng hoc ng
thi hoc theo th t.; WBS v t in WBS l c s cho vic xy dng mt danh sch cc hot ng. Tng gi
cng vic (work packages) ca WBS c phn r thnh cc hot ng cn thc hin hon thnh gi cng
vic (work packages) . Vic a thm cc thnh vin i d n tham gia thc hin phn r c th lm tng mc
chnh xc v rt ngn thi gian thc hin.

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-

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

Cun sng (Rolling wave Planning): Cun sng l mt k thut lp k hoch c tnh cht lp i lp li trong
cng vic s c thc hin trong tng lai gn c ln k hoch chi tit, trong khi cng vic trong tng li xa
hn c hoch nh cp cao hn. Cc cng vic c th tn ti cc cp chi tit khc nhau ty thuc vo
v tr ca n trong vng i d n. Trong thi gian u hoch nh tng th, khi thng tin cha c xc nh r
rng, gi cng vic c th c phn r dng li cp cao, khi c thm thng tin v cc s kin sp ti trong
tng lai gn, cc gi cng vic s c phn r thnh cc gi cng vic, hot ng c cp nh hn.

Tham vn chuyn gia (expert judgment).

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI hoc ti liu hng dn s dng cc cng c k
thut trong qun l d n ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02)

Kt qu u ra

Danh sch hot ng (Activity list) : l danh sch ca tt c cc cng vic cn thc hin hon thnh d n.
Danh sch hot ng c cp thp hn danh sch gi cng vic. N th hin tt c cc cng vic cn thit
hon thnh gi cng vic. Mi hot ng nn c mt tiu duy nht m t v tr ca n trong tin d n.

Thuc tnh ca hot ng (Activity attributes) : l bng m t m rng ca nhiu thnh phn lin quan n
tng hnh ng. Hot ng cn lm trc , kt qu ca hnh ng, cc rng buc lin quan, trch nhim ca
ngi thc hin u c th hin trong bng ny.

Danh sch mc thi gian (Milestone list) : mc thi gian l mt thi im mang tnh quan trng ca d n.
Danh sch mc thi gian l mt danh sch ca vic xc nh tt c cc mc thi gian v ch ra thi im phi
hon thnh mc thi gian . Mc thi gian c th c lp ra t yu cu ca hp ng, mc ch thc hin ca
t chc hoc t cc d liu d n khc. Mc thi gian c th xem nh hot ng, vi cu trc v thuc tnh tng
t, nhng n khng c khong thi gian thc hin n v mc thi gian l yu cu v mt thi im trong tin .

Cc kt qu u ra ny s c trnh by trong biu mu Tin tng th d n ( ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a)

Bc 3. Lp chui hot ng
nh ngha :
Lp chui hot ng l qu trnh ca vic xc nh v ghi chp cc mi quan h bn trong ca cc hot ng ca d
n. Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l xc nh logic th t thc hin cc cng vic t c hiu qu ln nht m vn
tha mn cc rng buc ca d n.
S thc hin :

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QUN L TIN D N

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N
2. Xc nh hot
ng

1. Lp k hoch
qun l tin
Xc nh phm
vi

* Danh sch hot ng

* Thuc tnh hot ng
* Danh sch mc thi gian

* K hoch qun
l tin
* M t phm vi d n

3. Lp chui hot
ng

Ti liu d n

* Biu mng li
tin d n

EEF/OPA

6. Xy dng tin

S 3: QU TRNH LP CHUI HOT NG

Din gii ni dung :

Thng tin u vo

K hoch qun l tin : xc nh cc phng php, k thut v tin c s dng, ng thi n cng hng
dn cch m cc hot ng c lp thnh chui vi nhau.

Danh sch hot ng: bao gm tin yu cu ca cc hot ng trong d n. Cc mi quan h logic, cc rng
buc ca hot ng c th nh hng n qu trnh lp chui hot ng

Thuc tnh hot ng: m t cc chui cn thit hoc cc mi quan h logic ca cc hot ng

Danh sch mc thi gian: cc mc thi gian quan trng ca d n s nh hng n vic lp chui hot ng

M t phm vi d n: Bao gm cc thng tin v phm vi ca sn phm, cc rng buc ca d n, cc d bo ca

d n c th nh hng n chui cc hot ng.

EEF/OPA: tng t cc qu trnh trn

Cng c, k thut

Phng php lp biu u tin - Precedence diagramming method (PDM)

PDM l mt k thut c s dng xy dng mt m hnh tin , trong hot ng c th hin bi cc
nt c lin kt bi mt hoc nhiu cc mi quan h logic hin th cc trnh t trong cc hot ng s c
thc hin. Cch th hin hot ng bi nt v hnh dng c gi l Activity-on-node (AON).
PDM bao gm 04 loi quan h ph thuc, bao gm:
+

Finish-to-start (FS): l quan h logic m trong hot ng tip theo khng th bt u tr khi hot ng
trc hon thnh;

Finish-to-finish (FF): l quan h logic m trong hot ng tip theo khng th hon thnh tr khi hot
ng trc hon thnh;

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N
+

Start-to-start (SS): l quan h logic m trong hot ng tip theo khng th bt u nu hnh ng
trc cha bt u;

Start-to-finish (SF): l quan h logic m trong mt hot ng tip theo khng th hon thnh tr khi
hot ng trc bt u.

Xc nh cc quan h ph thuc Depenency determination

Quan h ph thuc c 04 loi ph thuc chnh:

Ph thuc bt buc Mandatory dependencies

Ph thuc t do Discretionary dependencies

Ph thuc bn ngoi External dependencies

Ph thuc bn trong Internal dependencies

Leads and Lags

+

Lead: l khong thi gian m hot ng tip theo c th c trin khai trc khi hot ng trc hon
thnh.

Lag: l khong thi gian phi ch i gia hai hot ng lin tip. VD nh vic ch 3 ngy sau khi b
tng mi c lm cng tc tip theo.

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI hoc ti liu hng dn s dng cc cng c k
thut trong qun l d n ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02)

Kt qu u ra

Kt qu u ra quan trng ca qu trnh ny l Biu mng li tin (m hnh t chc thi cng)
Mt biu mng li tin l mt bc tranh th hin cc mi quan h logic, cc ph thuc gia tin ca cc
hot ng ca d n. N c th bao gm y cc hot ng ca d n, hoc c mt hoc nhiu tm tt chui cc
hot ng. Cc chui hot ng cn phi c m t mt cch y nh l mt ti liu nh km.
A

Start

End

BIU MNG LI TIN

Bc 4. c lng ngun lc cho hot ng

nh ngha :
c lng ngun lc cho hot ng l qu trnh ca vic c lng chng loi, khi lng ca vt t, ngun nhn
lc, thit b hoc cc dch v ca nh thu, nh cung cp cn thit thc hin tng hot ng.
S thc hin :

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QUN L TIN D N

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N
1. Lp k hoch
qun l tin
c lng chi
ph hot ng

2. Xc nh hot
ng

* K hoch qun l
tin

Danh mc cc
ri ro

* Danh sch hot ng

* Thuc tnh hot ng

4. c lng
ngun lc cho
hot ng

K hoch
ngun lc

Lp k hoch qun
l nhn s

Lp k hoch mua
sm

* D ton ngun lc cho hot ng

Ti liu d n

* D ton ngun lc cho hot ng

* S phn r ngun lc (RBS)

EEF/OPA

5. c lng thi
gian hot ng

6. Xy dng tin

S 4: QU TRNH C LNG NGUN LC CHO HOT NG

Din gii ni dung :

Thng tin u vo

K hoch qun l tin : xc nh mc chnh xc v cc n v cho cc ngun lc c c lng

Danh sch hot ng: xc nh cc hot ng m n cn c c lng

Thuc tnh hot ng: Cung cp cc thng tin chnh cho vic c lng cc ngun lc cn thit cho tng hot
ng

Lch ngun lc: cung cp thi gian sn sng p ng ca cc ngun lc trong vng i ca d n

Danh sch ri ro: Cc ri ro c th nh hng n vic la chn cc ngun lc v kh nng sn sng p ng ca

ngun lc .

D ton chi ph hot ng: Chi ph ca ngun lc c th nh hng n vic la chn ngun lc cho hot ng.

EEF: Cc ngun lc sn sng p ng, a im cc ngun lc v cc k nng ca ngun lc c th nh hng

n vic c lng

OPA: Cc chnh sch, th tc ca cng ty v qun l nhn s, mua sm, cc thng tin lch s v cc loi ngun
lc s dng trong cc d n tng t, cc d liu v nng sut, nh mc ni b cng ty c th nh hng
n vic c lng.

Cng c k thut

Qu trnh c lng ngun lc cho hot ng s dng mt s cng c, k thut sau:

-

Tham vn chuyn gia (Expert judgment): thng c i hi c lng cc ngun lc lin quan n lnh vc
ca chuyn gia c tham vn.

Phn tch la chn (Alternative analysis): l vic xem xt nhiu la chn lm sao c th n nh c ngun
lc. N bao gm so snh s lng ngun lc cng nh chng loi ca ngun lc.
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QUN L TIN D N
-

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

D liu d ton c cng b (Published estimating data): l vic s dng nhng c s d liu c cng b
chnh thc c lng cho hot ng. VD s dng nh mc d ton nh nc.

c lng t di ln (Bottom-up estimating): l phng php c s dng khi mt hot ng khng th c

lng theo kinh nghim tng t hoc tham kho lin quan. Hot ng ny s c chia thnh cc phn nh hn,
chi tit hn. T c lng cc thnh phn nh ri tnh tng li.

S dng phn mm qun l: Cc phn mm qun l nh Ms Project, Project Asta c kh nng gip cho vic
lp k hoch, t chc v qun l cc ngun lc chnh v xy dng cc d ton cho ngun lc.

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI hoc ti liu hng dn s dng cc cng c k
thut trong qun l d n ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02)

Kt qu u ra

Qu trnh c lng ngun lc cho hot ng cho ta 03 u ra:

-

D ton ngun lc cho hot ng (Activity resource requirements) : xc nh nhng chng loi, khi lng
cn thit ca ngun lc cho hot ng trong tng gi cng vic.

S phn r ngun lc: l mt cu trc c phn cp ca cc ngun lc da trn chng loi, phn loi ca
nhng ngun lc .

Cp nht ti liu d n.

Cc kt qu u ra ny s c trnh by trong biu mu Tin tng th d n ( ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a)

Bc 5. c lng thi gian hot ng

nh ngha :
c lng thi gian hot ng l qu trnh ca vic c lng thi gian cn thit hon thnh mt hot ng vi
ngun lc c c lng cho n. Qu trnh ny cho bit khong thi gian cn thit hon thnh mt hot ng,
l mt u vo quan trng ca qu trnh xy dng tin .
S thc hin :

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N

QUN L TIN D N

Bng m t phm
vi

Danh mc cc ri
ro

1. Lp k hoch qun
l tin

4. c lng ngun lc
hot ng

2. Xc nh hot ng

* Danh sch hot ng

* Thuc tnh hot ng

* D ton ngun
lc cho hot ng
* RBS

* K hoch qun l
tin
Nhn din ri ro
5. c lng thi
gian hot ng

K hoch ngun
lc

* c lng thi
gian hot ng

EEF/OPA

Ti liu d n

6. Xy dng tin

S 5: QU TRNH C LNG THI GIAN HOT NG

Din gii ni dung :

Thng tin u vo

K hoch qun l tin : Xc nh phng php c s dng v mc chnh xc cng vi cc yu cu quan

trng khc c lng thi gian hot ng

Danh sch hot ng: xc nh cc hot ng cn thit cho vic c lng

Thuc tnh hot ng: cung cp cc thng tin chnh c lng thi gian cn thit cho tng hot ng

D ton ngun lc cho hot ng: Cc yu cu ngun lc cho hot ng s c nh hng n thi gian ca hot
ng. VD vic la chn cng nhn c tay ngh cao s gip cho cng vic c thi gian hon thnh nhanh hn.

Lch ngun lc: Lch ngun lc c nh hng n thi gian ca hot ng do n ph thuc vo thi gian sn
sng p ng ca ngun lc . VD Khi mt xe ti c phn b vn chuyn cho mt d n khc, th vic s
dng n s ph thuc vo thi gian n rnh, i d n cn la chn thi gian ph hp thc hin hot ng
lin quan n vic s dng xe ti ny.

M t phm vi: Cc gi nh v cc rng buc trong m t phm vi s c xem st khi c lng thi gian hot
ng

Danh sch ri ro: Cc hnh ng phng nga ri ro c th nh hng n thi gian hot ng. VD vic thi cng
mt gi cng vic trc 02 thng nhm trnh cc cn bo c th xy ra sp ti.

S phn r ngun lc (Resource breakdown structure): Cung cp mt cch nhn c cu trc v cc ngun lc
bi chng loi hoc nhm hot ng

EEF: Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n:

+

D liu v d ton, nh mc nh nc cho tng loi cng vic v cc ti liu tham chiu khc

S liu nng sut tng t ca cc n v, t chc bn ngoi

Thng tin thng mi lin quan

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QUN L TIN D N
+
-

V tr a l ca cc ngun lc

OPA: Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n:

+

D liu nng sut, nh mc ca cng ty

D liu kinh nghim v khong thi gian hon thnh cc hot ng d n

Lch d n

Phng php lp tin

Cc bi hc kinh nghim

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

Cng c k thut

Tham vn chuyn gia (Expert Judgment): l vic ly kin ca mt chuyn gia, thnh vin trong i c
kinh nghim lm mt cng vic tng t a ra c lng gn ng nht cho cng vic cn c lng.

c lng tng t (Analogous estimating): Analogous estimating hay cn gi l Top-down estimate l mt

phng php ca vic c lng thi gian hoc chi ph cho mt hot ng hoc gi cng vic hoc d n bng
vic s dng cc c s d liu ca mt hot ng, d n tng t. Phng php ny s dng cc tham s t cc
d n trc hoc tng t (vd nh khong thi gian, ngn sch, knh c, trng lng ) nh mt c s cho vic
c lng cho cc tham s tng t hoc o lng cho d n.
Analogous estimating ni chung t tn km chi ph v tn t thi gian hn nhng phng php/k thut khc,
nhng n li cng t chnh xc hn. Phng php ny c th c p dng trong ton b d n hoc trong cc
giai on ca d n v c th c s dng kt hp vi phng php/k thut c lng khc. Analogous
estimating c tin cy cao khi cc hot ng trc l tng t, ng thi, thnh vin d n thc hin phng
php ny c kinh nghim v lnh vc chuyn mn cn thit.

c lng tham s (Parametric estimating): Parametric estimating l mt phng php c lng m n l

mt thut ton c s dng tnh ton chi ph hoc khong thi gian vi nn tng l nhng d liu lch s v
cc tham s ca d n. Phng php ny s dng cc mi quan h thng k gia d liu lch s v cc tham s
khc tnh ton mt c lng cho tham s hot ng nh chi ph, ngn sch, khong thi gian
VD: tnh thi gian cho hot ng thit k, ta chia s lng bn v cho s gi lao ng cho mt bn v hoc
tnh thi gian cho vic lp t cp, ta chia chiu di ca on cp cho s gi lao ng cho mt mt cp.
Phng php ny c th to ra c lng c mc chnh xc cao hn, ph thuc vo s tinh t v d liu c
bn c xy dng cho hot ng. Prametric estimating c th c p dng trong ton d n hoc trong cc giai
on ca d n, v c th c p dng kt hp vi cc phng php/k thut c lng khc.

c lng ba im (Three point estimate): Trong trng hp cn c lng cho hot ng/gi cng vic m
khng s dng c cc phng php Analogous v Bottom-up, hoc v mc ch khc, ta c th s dng
phng php Three point estimating.
Three-point estimating cn c gi l PERT s dng ba im c lng xc nh mt kt qu gn ng cho
c lng hot ng/gi cng vic
+

Most likely (M): c lng c th ng nht;

Optimistic (O):c lng cho trng hp tt nht c th

Pessimistic (P): c lng cho trng hp xu nht c th.

Cn c vo 3 c lng ny, c 02 cng thc chnh tnh c c lng:

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QUN L TIN D N

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

Theo :
+

E: l mt trung bnh c trng s, bao gm c tnh hung xu nht v lc quan nht

SD: lch chun, o bin i khng chc chn trong d n.

Cc bc p dng PERT:
1.

To mt cu trc phn chia cng vic (WBS).

2.

c tnh gi tr E v SD cho mi cng vic.

3.

Tnh gi tr E cho tng s cng vic, d n E (Work Project) = E (Task)

4.

Tnh gi tr SD cho tng s cng vic, d n SD (Work Project) = ( SD (Task) 2 )

E v SD sau c s dng chuyn i cc d n c tnh mc t tin nh sau:

+

Mc tin cy v gi tr E +/- SD l xp x 68%

Mc tin cy trong gi tr E +/- 1.645 SD l xp x 90%

Mc tin cy trong gi tr E +/- 2 SD l xp x 95%

Mc tin cy trong gi tr E +/- 3 SD l khong 99,7%

Trong xy dng thng s dng cc mc tin cy 90%, tc l gi tr E+/- 1.645 SD, cho tt c cc d
n v cng vic. [ 2 ]

Quyt nh tp th (Group decision techniques): i d n da trn cc cch tip cn nh: ng no

(Brainstorming), Delphi, hoc nhm danh ngha (Nominal group) s rt hiu qu trong vic cng a ra mt
quyt nh m tnh chnh xc ca vic c lng c nng cao hn v hiu qu hn. Vic tham gia ca cc
thnh vin c k thut cng trnh chuyn bit s gip tng chnh xc ca vic c lng, ng thi, do tham
gia c lng, tnh cam kt cho hiu qu c lng ca i d n cng tng cao.

Phn tch d phng (Reserve Analysis): c lng thi gian hot ng c th c d phng thi gian, c gi
l d phng (reserves) hoc m (buffers), dng kim sot cc vn khng lng trc c c th xy ra
lm nh hng n tin .

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI hoc ti liu hng dn s dng cc cng c k
thut trong qun l d n ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02)

Kt qu u ra

Qu trnh clng thi gian hot ng cho 02 u ra nh sau:

-

c lng thi gian hot ng: cho bit bao lu th mt hot ng trong danh sch hot ng hon thnh. c
lng c th bng gi, ngy, tun ty thuc vo kch c ca d n.

Cp nht thng tin vo ti liu d n.

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI

Bc 6. Xy dng tin
nh ngha :
Xy dng tin l qu trnh ca vic phn tch cc chui hot ng, thi gian, ngun lc yu cu v cc rng buc
v thi gian xy dng Tin d n. Qu trnh ny l a tin cc hot ng, khong thi gan, cc ngun
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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N

lc sn sng p ng v cc mi quan h logic khc vo mt b cng c, k thut xy dng ln c Tin d n

vi thi gian hon thnh c thit lp sn.
S thc hin :

QUN L TIN D N
Danh sch ri
ro

M t phm
vi d n

1. Lp k hoch
qun l tin

3. Lp chui hot
ng

2. Xc nh hot
ng

5. c lng thi
gian hot ng

EEF/OPA

Lch cc
ngun lc

4. c lng
ngun lc cho
hot ng

6. Xy dng tin

* Tin d n

* Lch d n
* D liu tin
* Tin d n
* K hoch ngun lc
* ..
7. Kim sot tin

Lch trnh
mua sm

Cp nht ti liu
d n

c lng chi ph

Xc nh ngn
sch

Lp k hoch
qun l mua sm

* Tin c s

II. Hoch nh d
n

S 6: QU TRNH XY DNG TIN

Din gii ni dung :

Thng tin u vo

K hoch qun l tin : ch ra cc phng php, k thut c s dng lp tin v cch thc tnh ton
tin

Danh sch hot ng: Ch ra cc hot ng s c th hin trong bng tin d n

Thuc tnh hot ng: Cung cp cc chi tit c s dng xy dng bng tin

M hnh t chc thi cng: Bao gm cc mi quan h logic, trnh t thi cng c s dng tnh ton tin

D ton ngun lc cho hot ng: Xc nh chng loi v s lng cc ngun lc cn thit cho tng hot ng
c s dng cho vic to bng tin

c lng thi gian hot ng: bao gm cc nh gi, thi gian cn thc hin hon thnh hot ng, t
tnh ton c tin chung

M t phm vi: Bao gm cc rng buc, gi nh c th nh hng n tin d n

Danh sch ri ro: Cung cp chi tit cc ri ro c th xy ra c th nh hng n tin d n

Lch ngun lc, lch mua sm: cc rng buc, kh nng sn sng p ng trong thi gian xc nh lin quan n
ngun lc, mua sm c th nh hng n vic tnh ton tin d n

EEF/OPA: Cc biu mu, phng php lp tin , h thng phn mm c th nh hng n vic lp tin .

Cng c, k thut

Phn tch mng li tin - Schedule network analysis: l k thut to ra bng tin d n. N s dng
cc k thut phn tch khc nhau, nh CPM, CCM, What-if tnh ton sm v mun bt u v kt thc cho
nhng vic cha hon thnh ca cc hot ng ca d n. ;
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QUN L TIN D N
-

Phng php ng gng - Critical path method (CPM): l phng php c s dng c lng mt
khong thi gian ngn nht thc hin d n, ng thi xc nh s lng ca cc tin hot ng/gi cng
vic khc nhau trn ng gng. Phng php ny cn tnh ton c cc thuc tnh ca cc hot ng/gi cng
vic lin quan n tin bao gm:
+

Early start Bt u sm: thi im hot ng c th trin khai sm nht c th m khng nh hng
n tin chung ca d n

Early finish Kt thc sm: thi im hot ng c th kt thc sm nht c th m khng nh hng
n tin chung ca d n

Late start Bt u mun: thi im hot ng c th bt u mun nht c th m khng nh hng

n tin chung ca d n

Late finish Kt thc mun : thi im hot ng c th kt thc mun nht c th m khng nh
hng n tin chung ca d n

ng gng l chui cc hot ng m n th hin di nht xuyn sut d n, n xc nh ngn nht c

th ca thi gian thc hin d n.
Cc kt qu ca vic tnh ton kh nng bt u kt thc sm v bt u kt thc mun cho bit khong thi
gian bn trong m hot ng c th c thc hin.
6
11
1
Start
1

5
A
0

5
B
5

10
15

5
5
6
6

10 15
C
0 15

Activity
Node

ng A-B-D =25
16 15 30
D
16 0 30
ng A-C-D = 30
(ng gng)

Early
Start

Duration

Finish

Early
Finish

Activity Name
ng khng quan trng
ng gng

Late
Start

Float

Late
Finish

Theo hnh ta c th thy:

+

ng gng l ng A-C-D. C tng thi gian hot ng l 30

Cc hot ng trn ng gng lun c Float l 0. Bt c s thay i ca cc hot ng ny u nh

hng trc tip n tin d n

Hot ng B khng nm trn ng gng, n c Float = 30-25 = 5. Hot ng B c th c a vo hot

ng trong khong thi gian l 5 ngy. N c th bt u sm (6) hoc bt u mun (11) m khng lm
nh hng n tin d n.;

Phng php chui quan trng - Critical chain method (CCM): L mt phng php cho php i d n t
cc m(buffers) trn mt im bt k ca ng tin kim sot cho cc ngun lc c gii hn v cc tnh
hung khng lng trc c ca d n. CCM c xy dng da trn CPM v xem xt nhng nh hng ca
cc yu t: phn phi ngun lc, ti u ha ngun lc, cp ngun lc v thi gian ca nhng hot ng cha
c xc nh trn ng gng.
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QUN L TIN D N

CCM b sung thm b m thi gian l cho cc hot ng ngoi cng vic ln tin qun l nhng iu
bt ng xy ra. B m c t cui cc hot ng ca CCM, n c hiu nh thi gian d tr ca d n v
d n t mc tiu hon thnh c x dch trong khong thi gian d phng . ln ca cc b m ty
thuc vo tng d n, thi im thc hin d n v cc hot ng c th ca d n. C 02 loi m c s dng
bao gm:
+

Feed Buffer B m cung cp: Dng cho cc chui hot ng ca d n khng nm trn ng gng.
Feed Buffer l kim sot cc hot ng bt thng c th xy ra cho chui hot ng

Project Buffer B m d n: c t ti im cui ca ng gng. Project buffer dng kim sot

cc hot ng bt thng c th xy ra ca d n.
5

B
1

Start

Project
buffer

End

Feed
buffer

HNH 1: BIU MNG LI TIN

ng gng

ng khng gng

K thut ti u ha ngun lc - Resource optimization techniques: L mt k thut c dng iu chnh

tin d n da theo nhu cu v kh nng sn sng p ng ca cc ngun lc
+

Cn bng ngun lc Resource leveling: Mt k thut m ngy bt u v kt thc c iu chnh da

trn cc rng buc ca ngun lc vi mc ch l lm cn bng nhu cu cc ngun lc vi ngun cung cp
ca cc ngun lc . Resource leveling c s dng khi phi chia s hoc kh nng p ng ca mt
ngun lc quan trng ch c mt thi im nht nh, hoc gii hn s lng v ngun lc VD 01
my xc c yu cu o mng ti 02 a im khc nhau trong cng 1 ngy. Khi , cn bng ngun
lc l thc hin dch chuyn 1 trong 2 cng vic sang thi gian hp l hn, trnh trng hp phi
thu,mua thm mt ngun lc mi trong mt thi gian ngn. Thc hin vic cn bng ngun lc thng s
dn n kt qu l lm tng thi gian ca ng gng.

Dn xp ngun lc Resource Smoothing: Mt k thut iu chnh nhng hot ng trn bng tin
nhm m bo tng s ngun lc c huy ng khng vt qu s ngun lc gii hn c xc nh
t trc . Vic th hin dn xp ngun lc ny cn m bo khng thay i v ng gng. Cc cng
vic thay i c s dng ti a kh nng cc im float trn ng khng gng.

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-

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

K thut m phng - Modeling techniques: L k thut s dng nhng k thut m hnh m phng nh t cu
hi What if hoc gi nh mt lot cc hot ng s xy ra t c nhng nh gi v tnh hp l v nhn
din cc ri ro c th sy ra nu thc hin theo bng tin va lp.;

Schedule compresion - Nn tin : L k thut rt ngn thi gan tin m khng nh hng n phm vi
d n. Nn tin bao gm cc k thut:
+

Crashing: L phng php dng rt ngn thi gian hot bng cch b sung thm ngun lc. Crashing
ch lm vic vi nhng hot ng trn ng gng ni m cc ngun lc b sung s lm rt ngn thi
gian hot ng, t rt ngn c ng gng. Thc hin Crashing s tn km v chi ph v c th cha
thm ri ro.V d v crashing: chp thun lm vic thm gi, b sung thm nhn lc, vt t thc hin
c khi lng cng vic ln hn

Fast tracking: L phng php dng rt ngn thi gian thc hin d n bng cch a cc cng vic,
hot ng thng c thc hin theo th t sang thc hin song song t nht l mt phn thi gian ca
n. Fast tracking ch lm vic c i vi cc hot ng c th chng ln nhau rt ngn thi gian d
n. Fast traking t tn km v chi ph hn, nhng li c nhiu ri ro hn. V d v fast tracking: tin hnh
thi cng phn mng nh trc khi thit k hon thin v mng kin trc.

Cng c lp k thut - Scheduling tool: c s dng lin kt vi cc phn mm qun l d n c sn ca

cng ty.

Chi tit tham kho thm ti PMBOK Ti liu qun l d n PMI hoc ti liu hng dn s dng cc cng c k
thut trong qun l d n ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02)

u ra

Tin c s - Schedule baseline: tin c s l mt bng tin c chp thun, n ch c th thay i

c khi c mt ngh thay i c thng qua v n c dng lm mt c s so snh vi thc t hon
thnh. Tin c s l mt phn ca Hoch nh d n;

Tin d n Project Schedule (ECB-PM-QT-03/BM-06a): th hin lin kt gia cc hot ng bi ngy

bt u, ngy kt thc, thi gian, mc thi gian v cc ngun lc. mc nh nht, tin d n th hin ngy
bt u v ngy kt thc ca tng hot ng trong d n. C nhiu cch th hin tin d n khc nhau, nhng
v c bn trong mt bng tin d n cn c cc ni dung sau:

Biu ct - Bar charts: Biu ct ny cn gil Gantt charts, th hin cc thng tin v tin m cc hot
ng c lit k theo trc thng ng, ngy thng c th hin theo trc ngang, v thi gian hot ng c
th hin nh cc thanh ngang c t theo ngy bt u v ngy kt thc.

Biu mc thi gian Milestone charts. Th hin tng t nh Gantt Charts, nhng ch xc nh ngy bt
u hoc hon thnh ca nhng sn phm quan trng hoc mc thi gian quan trng.

S mng li tin d n Project schedule nework diagrams: th hin cc mi quan h logic gia cc
hot ng trn bng tin d n.

D liu tin - Schedule data: l tng hp ca cc thng tin m t v kim sot v tin . D liu tin
bao gm it nht l cc mc thi gian, tin cc hot ng, thuc tnh cc hot ng v ghi chp ca ton b
cch xc nh cc gi nh v rng buc. Ngoi ra, d liu tin cn c th bao gm cc cc thng tin lin quan
n cc yu cu ca ngun lc, thng tin v cc tnh hung tt nht, xu nht v tin thc hin hot ng, d
phng v thi gian ca hot ng.

Lch d n Project calendar: Xc nh thi gian lm vic, ngy ngh ca cc b phn trong d n.

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QUN L TIN D N
VI.2.2 Qun l tin trng giai on Thc hin v Kim sot d n
A. Lu thc hin :
LU 02: QUN L TIN TRONG GIAI ON THC HIN V KIM SOT D N

II. HOCH NH D N

LU THC HIN

* Thay i c chp thun

* Danh mc vn

II.Hoch
II.Hoch nh
nh d
d
n
n

TRCH NHIM

II.
II.
II. Hoch
Hoch nh
nh d
d n
n
II. Hoch
Hoch nh
nh d
d n
n
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh hoch
hoch nh
nh d
d n
n ECBECB- -- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh hoch
hoch nh
nh d
d n
n ECBECBPM-QT-03
PM-QT-03
PM-QT-03
PM-QT-03

* K hoch qun l tin

* Tin d n

III.THC HIN D N

* Bo co hiu qu
thc hin cng vic

III.
III. Thc
Thc hin
hin d
d
n
n

III.
III. Thc
Thc hin
hin d
d n
n
III.
III. Thc
Thc hin
hin d
d n
n
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot -- Xem
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04

* Thng tin thc

hin cng vic

* K hoch qun l tin

* Tin d n
IV. THEO DI V KIM SOT D N

BIU MU

6.
6. Xy
Xy dng
dng tin
tin

IV.
IV. Kim
Kim sot
sot d
d n
n
IV.
IV. Kim
Kim sot
sot d
d n
n
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot -- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04

IV.
IV. Kim
Kim sot
sot d
d n
n

* Tin d n
* D kiu tin
* S-curve

EEF/OPA
EEF/OPA

7. Kim sot tin

IV.1
IV.1 Theo
Theo di
di v
v
kim
kim sot
sot thc
thc
Yu cu
hin
d
n
hin d n
thay i

* Thng tin hiu

qu cng vic

IV.2.
IV.2. Kim
Kim sot
sot
thay
thay i
i

IV.1
IV.1 Theo
Theo di
di v
v kim
kim sot
sot thc
thc hin
hin IV.1
IV.1 Theo
Theo di
di v
v kim
kim sot
sot thc
thc hin
hin
d
d n
n
d
d n
n
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot -- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04

IV.2
IV.2 Kim
Kim sot
sot thay
thay i
i
IV.2
IV.2 Kim
Kim sot
sot thay
thay i
i
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot -- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh thc
thc hin
hin &
& kim
kim sot
sot
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04
d
d n
n ECB-PM-QT-04
ECB-PM-QT-04

V. NG D N

* Sn phm c
chp thun

V.
V. ng
ng d
d n
n

V.
V. ng
ng d
d n
n
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh ng
ng d
d n
n
ECB-PM-QT-05
ECB-PM-QT-05

V.
V. ng
ng d
d n
n
-- Xem
Xem quy
quy trnh
trnh ng
ng d
d n
n
ECB-PM-QT-05
ECB-PM-QT-05

B. Din gii ni dung

Bc 7. Kim sot tin
nh ngha :
Kim sot tin l qu trnh ca vic gim st kim tra tnh thnh thc t ca cc hot ng ca d n cp nht
cho cc qu trnh ca d n, ng thi qun l cc thay i so vi tin c s t c k hoch. Qu trnh ny
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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

l cung cp nhng phng tin cch thc nhn ra lch gia tin v thc t qua thc hin thay i, sa
cha, phng nga cn thit gim thiu cc ri ro c th xy ra.
Kim sot tin c th lin quan n mt s cng vic:
-

Xc nh tnh hnh thc t tin d n bng vic so snh tng khi lng cc cng vic hon thnh v c
chp thun vi c lng cc cng vic hon thnh trong thi gian tng ng;

Tin hnh nh gi hi cu (ghi li cc bi hc kinh nghim) cho cc qu trnh sa cha v ci thin nu c yu

cu;

Lp li th t u tin cho cc cng vic cn li;

Xc nh khi tin d n b thay i;

Qun l nhng thay i thc t nu n xy ra.

Qu trnh thc hin: Xem hng dn qun l chi ph d n phn kim sot chi ph ECB-PM-QT03/HD-03.

u ra

Thng tin hiu qu cng vic work performance information: c th hin bng 02 ch s l: Schedule
variance (SV) v Schedule performance index (SPI). Hai ch s ny s cho ta thng tin nh gi v tnh hnh thc
hin cng vic v hiu qu thc hin cng vic, t a ra cc phng n khc phc hoc thay i nu cn.
Cch tnh 02 ch s ny xem ti liu Hng dn qun l chi ph d n.

D on v tin : D on tin d n da trn c s cc thng tin v kinh nghim.

Yu cu thay i nu cn

Cp nht cc thng tin cn thit khc.

Vic qun l cc yu cu thay i c ch dn trong mc IV.2 Kim sot thay i trong quy trnh Thc hin v
kim sot d n (ECB-PM-QT-04).

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N

QUY TRNH KIM SOT S THAY I

- NHN DIN THAY I

- PHN TCH, NH GI TC NG
- LP YU CU THAY I

XEM XT, PH DUYT

THAY I

- CP NHT K HOCH, TI LIU D N

- TRUYN THNG THAY I
- P DNG THAY I VO THC HIN D N

Phm vi cng vic

Khi to d n

TRCH
NHIM

Mua sm

B.QLDA

- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09a
Phiu yu cu thay i
- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09b
Bo co nh gi tc ng thay i

Mua sm
Cht lng

Khng chp
nhn thay i

Phng php k thut

Ri ro

B.QLDA

- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09a
Phiu yu cu thay i
- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09b
Bo co nh gi tc ng thay i

BAN KIM SOT THAY I

- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09a
Phiu yu cu thay i
- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09b
Bo co nh gi tc ng
thay i
- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-09c
Danh mc thay i

Cp nht k hoch d n

Chi ph

Qu trnh xem xt, ph duyt thay i

Chi ph

Yu cu cht lng, phng

php k thut

BIU MU

Ngun lc

Tin

Chp nhn
thay i

a vo danh sch cc vn
( Issue)

Tin

- Xc nh thay i so vi k hoch c s
- nh gi mc tc ng

CC BC THC HIN

Phm vi cng vic

Hoch nh d n

Thc hin d n

Theo di & kim sot

d n

ng d n

- B. QLDA
- CC BN LIN QUAN CHU TC NG
- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-07a
Phiu qun l vn (issue)
- ECB-PM-QT-04/BM-07b
Danh mc cc vn (issue log)
- Cc ti liu d n c cp nht

VI.2.3 Tnh tng tc, tch hp ca qun l tin vi cc qu trnh khc trong qun l d n
1. Tnh tng tc vi cc qu trnh khc
a. S tng tc tch hp

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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

QUN L TIN D N

LU 01: LU TCH HP TIN

II.HOCH NH D N

* Phm vi c s

* K hoch chi
ph d n

3. CHI PH

2.
2. TIN
TIN

* Tin d n

THC
THC HIN
HIN TCH
TCH
HP
HP KIM
KIM SOT
SOT
THAY
THAY I
I

* c lng chi ph
hot ng

* Phm vi c s

* Ti liu yu cu

1. PHM VI

5. CHT
LNG

* Tin d n

* Ti liu yu cu

4. MUA
SM

III.
III. THC
THC HIN
HIN D
D
N
N

IV.
IV. KIM
KIM SOT
SOT
D
D N
N

V.
V. NG
NG D
D N
N

IV.2 Kim sot

tin

b. Din gii s
-

Nhn kt qu u ra t cc qu trnh khc :

+ Qu trnh qun l phm vi cng vic : Phm vi c s (scope baseline), bao gm tuyn b phm vi v cu
trc phn chia cng vic (WBS) s cung cp thng tin v phm vi cng vic cho vic phn r cc gi cng
vic thnh cc hot ng, c lng khong thi gian, ngun lc cn thit thc hin cc hot ng, sp
xp hp l trnh t cc hot ng v xy dng thnh lp tin , k hoch ngun lc d n
+ Qu trnh qun l chi ph : Activity cost estimates c lng chi ph hot ng t cho ngun lc c th
nh hng n vic la chn ngun lc cho hot ng v nh hng n tin d n, i khi cn phi
iu chnh tin v ngun lc c mt k hoch ngn sch ti u v hiu qu nht.

Cung cp u vo cho cc qu trnh khc :

+

Qu trnh qun l chi ph : qun l tin cung cp u vo quan trng l Tin c s ( schedule
baseline) v D ton ngun lc (resource estimate) gip cho vic xc nh khi no chi ph d n xy ra v
chng loi, s lng v lch s dng ngun lc c nh hng n d ton chi ph hot ng t xy dng
nn d ton cc gi cng vic d n . Ngoi ra tin c s cng cung cp u vo xy dng chi ph c
s (cost baseline) lm cn c cho vic kim sot v nh gi hiu qu d n bng phng php EVM.

Qu trnh qun l mua sm : qun l tin cung cp u vo quan trng l Tin c s ( schedule
baseline) v D ton ngun lc (resource estimate) gip cho vic xc nh cc ngun lc cn mua sm, khi
no th cn mua v thi gian thc hin hp ng cn thit a vo rng buc hp ng mua sm.

Qu trnh qun l cht lng : tin d n c tng tc gin tip n cht lng d n, i khi thi
gian thc hin hp l s to ra cht lng sn phm hp l, vi phm v yu cu thi gian ti thiu thc
hin s nh hng n cht lng. Nhiu d n do b tr nn tm mi cch rt ngn tin dn n vi phm
cc nguyn tc k thut t c tin mong mun v to ra cc sn phm km cht lng.
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ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-02

2. Tch hp qun l tin trong cc cp hoch nh d n

Hoch nh tng th d n Hoch nh Level 2

Hoch nh tng th c thc hin trong giai on u ca d n v c xem xt cp nht theo mt tn sut quy
nh, hoch nh tng th c lp da trn cc yu cu u vo c nhn din, cc kch bn, d bo di hn v
m hnh phn tch tng th v d n, cc d liu lch s, bi hc kinh nghim ca cc d n tng t trong qu kh,
hoch nh tng th ng vai tr l mt nh hng, nguyn tc ch o tng th mang tm chin lc trong d n v
l c s trin khai cc cp hoch nh chi tit hn . L hoch nh thuc Level 2 trong cu trc phn chia cng
vic tiu chun ( WBS). Vy nn trong cp hoch nh ny cn cung cp cc kt qu u ra lin quan n qun l
tin nh sau :
-

K hoch qun l tin

Tin c s (Schedule baseline) : danh sch mc thi gian, m hnh t chc thi cng v tin tng th

K hoch ngun lc tng th : d ton ngun lc tng th v k hoch ngun lc tng th d n

K hoch k thut, qun l cht lng,

Hoch nh trung hn d n Hoch nh Level 3

Hoch nh trung hn hay cn gi l hoch nh nhn trc (look-ahead planning), l hoch nh thuc Level 2 trong
cu trc phn chia cng vic tiu chun ( WBS), y l k hoch bc tch cc cng vic trong k hoch tng th, di
hn ca ton d n trong mt tm nhn nht nh, c cn c vo cc thng tin, yu cu ca d n c cp nht, c
th v r rng hn v mt k thut, mt bng thi cng, ngun lc u, s rng buc ca cng tc i trc vo v cc
iu kin rng buc khc cn tr tnh kh thi ca vic thc hin k hoch. Lin quan n tin d n, cc thng tin
sau cn c lp v cp nht :
-

Tin trung hn : lp tin chi tit bc tch t tin tng th

D ton ngun lc trung hn : lp, cp nht v b sung thng tin

K hoch ngun lc trung hn : lp, cp nht v b sung thng tin

K hoch k thut, qun l cht lng,: cp nht, b sung thng tin

Hoch nh ngn hn Hoch nh Level 4

Hoch nh ngn hn hay cn gi l k hoch tun, l s bc tch v chi tit ha cc cng vic trong k hoch trung
hn ca d n trong tm nhn ngn hn, l hoch nh thuc Level 4 trong cu trc phn chia cng vic tiu chun
( WBS), c lp da trn mc sn sng ca cc ngun lc thi cng (nhn lc, vt t, my mc,..), mt bng thi
cng, bn v thi cng, cc rng buc ca cng tc i trc,cc rng buc v vng mc c th nh hng n tnh
kh thi ca vic thc hin c gii quyt v lm sng t. Lin quan n tin d n, cc thng tin sau cn c
lp v cp nht :
-

Tin ngn hn ( tin 3 tun)

K hoch s dng ngun lc 3 tun

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QUN L TIN D N
VII. LU H S

Lu h s theo ch dn trong Quy trnh hoch nh thc hin d n ECB-PM-QT-03 v Quy trnh thc hin v kim
sot d n ECB-PM-QT-04

VIII. PH LC QUY TRNH, HNG DN LIN QUAN

TT

TN TI LIU

K HIU

Quy trnh hoch nh thc hin d n

ECB-PM-QT-03

Quy trnh thc hin v kim sot d n

ECB-PM-QT-04

Hng dn s dng cc cng c, k thut trong QLDA

ECB-PM-QT-01/HD-02

Hng dn qun l phm vi cng vic

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-01

Hng dn qun l chi ph

Hng dn lp k hoch mua sm

ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-03
ECB-PM-QT-03/HD-04

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