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E-mail:

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: , 2015-2016
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Althusser-


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Cardano ( 16 ) Stevin (1587).
: Tartaglia ( 16 ), Benedetti (1587), Piccolomini
(1598), (1589-1609), Riccioli (1652), Academia del Cimento (1649).
, , ,
: Stevin 16 17
, Torricelli ( 17 ), Pascal (1647-1653), Guericke
(1650-1663), Robert Boyle ( 17 ) Academia del
Cimento (1657-1673).
: (1609), Galilei (1609-1616), Gassendi (1647), Wren ( 17
), Halley ( 17 ), Robert Hooke.
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, 1688, Whig,
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(William Orange), William
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5 O Althusser ,
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 , Descartes Leibniz
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The State as Mechanism in Hobbes and Descartes, Descartes
, Hobbes
6,
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6 , Descartes,
, . Taylor, 2001: As prophets of the new science, each of whom believed he possessed the one true philosophy, Descartes
and Hobbes looked upon the other as an inferior rival. Hobbes is said to have remarked that the Frenchman was a fine
mathematician,but had no aptitude for philosophy. Descartes, for his part, called the author of De Cive much more astute in
moral philosophy than in metaphysics or physics. While a monarchist himself, Descartes firmly rejected Hobbess principles
tres-mauvaises & tres-dangereusesfor he supposes all persons to be wicked, or gives them cause to be so. Descartes
suggests that more virtuous and solid maxims would better serve the cause of monarchy. Descartes to [Unidentified] (1643),
Philosophical Writings, vol. 3, 230-31. Descartess divergence from Hobbes on this point is supported elsewhere in his
correspondence, where, for example, he emphasizes the subordination of individual egoism to the collective good. See Descartes
to Elizabeth (Sept. 1645), 172-73; and (Oct. 1645)

 .
. . legislator humanus
machine legislatorial (Schmitt, 2009: 142-143).

Schmitt, - - ,
19 7.
Hobbes 8:
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2.4 1
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,
9 Macpherson J.W.Watkins, Philosophy and Politics in Hobbes,
Philosophical Quarterly, . V, .19 (1955), 125-46, -
Hobbes .

, , , . Ilya
Prigogine Isabelle Stengers:
19
. . ,
, . ,
Adam Smith
, James Watt
[]
. , ,
, (Prigogine-Stengers, 1986: 157-158).

Thomas Savery
Thomas Newcomen, .
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Mayer (1842) Helmholtz (1847). 1950,
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1852
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1) .
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1959 ,
Thomas Kuhn ,
, (, 2008: 175). 1846,
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Grove ,
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181) O Friedrich Willhelm Ostwald .
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3.
3.1
Althusser Marx,
Engels, Lenin -,
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19 .

: (, 1978: 195, 199),
(.: 195), , - (.: 190). ,
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(.: 112),

(.: 114). , ,

11,

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, . http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?
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20 ,
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Ranciere, 2003: 141, 145. 148-149). ,
20
19 ,
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, , , Claude Levi-Strauss, Jaques
Lacan J.A.Miller, Pierre Bourdieu, Gilles Deleuze13. O Althusser Marx
,

13 Strauss, 2010, - , Lacan
Miller, . Miller, 1965.
Maxwell, . Bourdieu, 2000: 35. Deleuze
Althusser, . Gilles Deleuze, 1994: 186, Deleuze, 2006, Deleuze, 1990: 56, Stolze, 1998.

 - () .
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 ,
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3.2 2
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19
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1808 Dalton Lamarck

1809. Diderot dHolbach
, ,
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- , .
ant,
a priori ()
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,
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 (Kant, 2002: 57, 303 ., 357 .).

, Schelling Hegel
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,
1850-1860, . 2

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Mayow, Stahl, Thomas Young, J.B Dumas, Dufay, Davy, Vauquelin, Klaproth, Oersted,
, .
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16 , ,
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(Moscovici, 1998: 312).

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,
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15 : Volta
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, ,
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