Phien Ban 1 PDF

CHUYN LUYN THI I HC MN TON
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TUYN TP HNH HC GII TCH

TRONG MT PHNG HAY V C
SC
(phin bn 1)
Gio vin : Nguyn Minh Tin
H Ni thng 12 nm 2014
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HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG
bi 01 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A (1; 5), im B nm trn
ng thng (d1 ) : 2x + y + 1 = 0 v chn ng cao h nh B xung ng thng AC nm trn
ng thng (d2 ) : 2x + y 8 = 0. Bit im M (3; 0) l trung im ca cnh BC. Tm ta cc
nh B v C ca tam gic.
Li gii tham kho :
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Gi im B (a; 2a 1) (d1 )
im H (b; 8 2b) (d2 )
Ta c M l trung im ca BC C (6 a; 2a + 1)
Ta c H AC nn AH v HC cng phng
AH = (b 1; 3 2b) v HC = (6 a b; 2a + 2b 7)
AH v HC cng phng
b1
3 2b
=
a = 11 6b
6ab
2a + 2b 7

H l chn ng cao h t B xung AC AHBH AH.BH = 0
(1)

BH = (b a; 2a 2b + 9) AH.BH = 0 (b 1) (b a) + (3 2b) (2a 2b + 9) = 0
5b2 5ab 25ab + 7a + 27 = 0
(2)
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c 5b2 5b (11 6b) 25b + 7 (11 6a) + 27 = 0
b=2
2
35b 122b + 104 = 0
52
b=
35
Thay ngc li ta c im B v C cn tm
45
, y ln CD nm
2
trn ng thng (d) : x 3y 3 = 0. Bit hai ng cho AC v BD vung gc vi nhau v ct
nhau ti im I (2; 3). Vit phng trnh ng thng BC bit im C c honh dng.
bi 02 : Trong h ta Oxy hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch bng
Li gii tham kho :

ABCD l hnh thang cn tam gic ICD vung cn ti I
Ta c CD = 2d (I; CD) = 2.
|2 3.3 3|
= 2 10 IC = 20
10
Ly C (3a + 3; a) (d) IC 2 = (3a + 1)2 + (a 3)2 = 20 a = 1 C (6; 1)
Phng trnh BD i qua im I v nhn IC lm vtpt BD : 2x y 1 = 0

D l giao im ca BD v CD D (0; 1)
Tng hp cc bi ton c sc
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1
t IA = IB = x SIAB = x2 ; SIAD = x 5 = SIBC ; SICD = 10
2
5
(tm)
x
=
45
1
SABCD = x2 + 2x 5 + 10 =
2
2
x = 5 5
(loai)
DI
= 2 DI = 2IB
IB
()
Gi B (b; 2b 1) BD t () B (3; 5)
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v C BC : 4x + 3y 27 = 0.

Bi ton gii quyt xong.
bi 03 (k2pi Ln 15 - 2014) : Trong h ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c phng trnh
ng thng AD l (d) : 3x 4y 7 = 0. Gi E l im nm bn trong hnh vung ABCD sao cho
\ = 150o . Vit phng trnh ng thng AB bit im E (2; 4).
tam gic EBC cn c BEC
Li gii tham kho :
\ = 150o tam gic BEC cn ti E

Tam gic BEC cn v c BEC
Gi H l hnh chiu ca E ln AD H l trung im ca AD v HE = d (E; AD) = 3
t cnh hnh vung l AB = x
\ = 150o EBC
\ = 15o . Gi I l trung im ca BC BI = x ; EI =
Tam gic BEC cn ti E c BEC
2
x3
[ = 15o tan 15o = EI = 2x 6
Tam gic BIE vung ti I c gc EBI
BI
x
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3=
2x 6
x=2 3
x
Phng trnh ng thng EH qua im E v vung gc vi AD EH : 4x + 3y + 4 = 0

ng thng AB // EH AB c dng (d) : 4x + 3y + = 0
| 4|
= BI = 3 = 4 5 3
5
Phng trnh ng thng AB l (d) : 4x + 3y + 4 5 3 = 0
Ta c d (E, AB) =
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bi 04 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit ng cao k t A, trung tuyn k
t B v phn gic k t C c phng trnh ln lt l (d1 ) : 3x 4y + 27 = 0; (d2 ) : 4x + 5y 3 =
0; (d3 ) : x + 2y 5 = 0. Xc nh tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :
= (3; 4)
Ta c AHBC BC c vtcp l
u
4
= (a; b) l vtcp ca ng thng AC. Ta c CD l phn gic trong gc C

Gi
u
5
cos (
u
3 u4 ) = cos (u3 , u5 )
= (2; 1)
u
3
b=0
|2a b|
10

=
4
5. 25
5. a2 + b2
b= a
3
4
= (3; 4) loi v trng vi
Vi b = a chn
u
u
5
4
3
= (1; 0)
Vi b = 0
u
5
im A (d1 ) A (1 + 4a; 6 + 3a) v C (d3 ) C (5 2c; c) AC = (6 2c 4a; c 3a 6)
v
Ta c
u
AC cng phng c 3a 6 = 0
(1)
5

4a + 4 2c 3a + c + 6
M l trung im ca AC M
;
. Trung im M thuc (d2 )
2
2
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4.
4a + 4 2c
3a + c + 6
+ 5.
3 = 0 31a 3a + 40 = 0
2
2
(2)
T (1) v (2) a = 1; c = 3 A (5; 3) ; C (1; 3)

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua C v vung gc vi AH BC : 4x + 3y 5 = 0
B l giao im ca BM v BC B (2; 1)
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Bi ton c
bn : Bitta 3 nh
tam gic tm ta tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam
5 65
13
v R =
gic. Tm I 3;
.
8
8
bi 05 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c phng trnh ng thng
cha cc cnh AB v BC ln lt l (d1 ) : 7x y + 17 = 0; (d2 ) : x 3y 9 = 0. Vit phng trnh
ng cao xut pht t nh C ca tam gic ABC bit im M (2; 1) nm trn ng thng AC.
Li gii tham kho :
= (7; 1), BC c vtpt l

= (1; 3)
ng thng AB c vtpt l
n
n
1
2
= (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng AC
Gi
n
3
10
|a 3b|
,
=
Tam gic ABC cn ti A cos (
n
1 n2 ) = cos (n2 , n3 )
50. 10
10. a2 + b2
a=b
a2 + 6ab 7b2 = 0
a = 7b
= (7; 1) loi v cng phng vi
X Vi a = 7b chn
n
n
3
1
= (1; 1) ng thng AC : x + y 1 = 0
X Vi a = b chn
n
3
Ta C l giao im ca BC v AC C (3; 2)
Phng trnh ng cao xut pht t C l (d) : x + 7y + 11 = 0.
bi 06 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng cao v ng
phn gic trong xut pht t nh A ln lt l (d1 ) : x 2y = 0; (d2 ) : x y + 1 = 0. Bit im
180
. Tm ta cc nh ca tam
M (1; 0) nm trn cnh AB v din tch tam gic ABC bng
7
gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :
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A l giao im ca (d1 ) v (d2 ) ta im A (2; 1)

Qua M k ng thng (d2 ) ct (d2 ) ti I v AC ti N
MN qua M v (d2 ) (M N ) : x + y 1 = 0
I l giao im ca MN v (d2 ) I (0; 1)
I l trung im ca MN N (1; 2)
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Phng trnh ng thng (AB) : x 3y 1 = 0 v (AC) : 3x y + 5 = 0

im B AB B (3a + 1; a), im C AC C (b; 3b + 5)

Ta c BCAH AHBC AH.BC = 0
AH = (2; 1) ; BC = (b 3a 1; 3b + 5 a)
2 (b 3a 1) + (3b + 5 a) = 0 5b 7a + 3 = 0
(1)
q
180
|8b + 14|
1
. (3a + 3)2 + (a + 1)2 =
Ta c SABC = d (C, AB) .AB =
2
7
10
8
a=
7
T (1) v (2)
thay ngc li ta c cc im A, B, C.
22
a=
7
(2)
bi 07 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c AC =

2AB,
phng
1
trnh ng thng cha cnh AB c phng trnh l (d) : 2x y + 7 = 0, im G 0;
l trng
3
tm ca tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit nh B c honh b hn
2.
Li gii tham kho :
\
Gi M l trung im ca AC AM = M C = AB BAM vung cn ti A M
BA = 45o
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l vtpt ca ng thng (d)
Gi
n
1
n1 = (2; 1) v n2 = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng BG

2
|2a b|
2
,
cos (
n

=
1 n2 ) =
2
2
2
2
5. a + b
a = 3b
3a2 8ab 3b2 = 0

1
a= b
3
X Vi a =
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n
= (3; 1) ng thng BG qua G c vtpt

BG : 9x + y 1 = 0
X Vi a = 3b chn
n
n
2
2
x=
3 loi do honh im B nh hn 2
B l giao im ca AB v BG
13
y=
3
b
= (1; 3) ng thng BG qua G c vtpt
BG : x 3y + 1 = 0
chn
n
n
2
2
3
B l giao im ca AB v BG B (4; 1) ( tha mn )
2
M l trung im ca AC M (3a 1; a) BG ta c BG = BM M (2; 1)
3
Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua im M v vung gc vi AB AC : x + 2y 4 = 0

Ta im A l giao im AC v AB A (2; 3) C (6; 1)
bi08 ( k2pi Ln 14 - 2014) : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c im
1
; 1 . ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc vi cc cnh BC, CA v AB ti D, E v F.
B
2
Bit im D (3; 1) v phng trnh ng thng EF c phng trnh l (d) : y 3 = 0. Tm ta
nh A bit nh A c tung khng m.
Li gii tham kho :
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im B v D BC : y 1 = 0 BC//EF

Do tam gic ABC cn ti A v D chnh l trung im ca BC.
Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua D v vung gc vi BC AD : x 3 = 0
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2

a=2
1 2
25
1
9
im E (a; 3) EF ta c BE = BD a
+ 22 =
a
=
2
4
2
4
a = 1
X a = 2 phng trnh AB i qua im B v E AB : 4x 3y + 1 = 0

13
A l giao im ca AB v AD A 3;
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X a = 1 phng trnh AB i qua im B v E AB : 4x + 3y 5 = 0

7
A l giao im ca AB v AD A 3;
( loi)
3

13
Vy im A 3;
3
bi 09 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AD = 2AB im A (1; 5),
phng trnh ng cho BD l 3x + 4y 13 = 0. Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh ch nht
bit B c honh m.
Li gii tham kho :
Xt tam gic ABD vung ti A c BD2 = AB 2 + AD2 = 5AB 2 BD = AB 5
Phng trnh ng cho BD c
+ 4b|
1
\ = |3a
cos ABD
=
2
2
5
5. a + b
\ = AB = 1
cos ABD
BD
5
= (3; 4). Gi
vtpt
n
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng AB
1
11
a= b
2
4a2 + 24ab + 11b2 = 0
1
a= b
2
11
b chn
n = (11; 2) ng thng AB c phng trnh 11x 2y 1 = 0
2

3 14
Ta im B l giao im ca AB v BD B
;
loi do B c honh m.
5 5
X Vi a =
X Vi a = b chn
n = (1; 2) ng thng AB c phng trnh x 2y + 9 = 0
2
Ta im B l giao im ca AB v BD B (1; 4) ( tha mn )
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Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua im A v vung gc vi AB AD : 2x + y 7 = 0

Ta im D l giao im ca AD v BD D (3; 1)

5
C (1; 0)
Trung im I ca BD c ta I 1;
2
Vy B (1; 4) ; D (3; 1) ; C (1; 0)
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bi 10 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh thoi ABCD c phng trnh ng cho BD

l (d) : x y = 0. ng thng AB i qua im P 1; 3 , ng thng CD i qua im

Q 2; 2 3 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi bit di AB = AC v im B c honh
ln hn 1.
Li gii tham kho :
\ = 60o ABD
\ = 30o
Ta c AB = AC tam gic ABC u ABC
= (1; 1). Gi s
ng thng BD c vtpt
n
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca AB
1

|a b|
3
,
cos (
n
=
a2 + 4ab + b2 = 0 a = 2 3 b
1 n) =
2
2. a2 + b2

X Vi a = 2 3 b chn
n = 2 3; 1 ng thng AB i qua im P v c vtpt
n

AB : 2 + 3 x y 2 = 0

2
2
;
Ta im B l giao im ca AB v BD B
loi do xB > 1
1+ 3 1+ 3

X Vi a = 2 + 3 b chn
n = 2 + 3; 1 ng thng AB i qua im P v c vtpt
n

AB : 2 3 x y 2 + 2 3 = 0
Ta im B l giao im ca AB v BD B (2; 2) tha mn

Ta c CD // AB v CD i qua im Q CD : 2 3 x y + 4 4 3 = 0
Ta im D l giao im ca BD v CD D (4; 4) ta tm k ca hnh thoi l trung im
ca BD K (1; 1)
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Phng trnh ng cho AC i qua im K v vung gc vi BD AC : x + y + 2 = 0

Ta im A l giao im ca AB v AC A (....)
Ta im C l giao im ca CD v AC C (....)
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bi 11 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A (5; 2)phng trnh ng trung trc
cnh BC v trung tuyn xut pht t nh C ln lt l (d1 ) : 2x+y5 = 0; (d2 ) : x+y6 = 0.Tm
ta cc nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :
Gi s im B (a; b). Ta c trung im ca AB l M
a+5 b+2
;
2
2
(d2 )
a+5 b+2
+
6 = 0 a + b 7 = 0 b = 7 a B (a; 7 a)
2
2
Ly im C (c; 6 c) (d2 )
(d1 ) l trung trc ca BC trung im ca BC l N
a + c 13 a c
;
2
2
(d1 )
13 a c
5=0a+c+3=0
(1)
2

(d1 ) l trung trc ca BC BC(d1 ) BC

ud1 ta c
u
d1 = (1; 2) ; BC = (c a; a 1 c)
a+c+
c a 2 (a 1 c) = 0 3c 3a + 2 = 0
c + a = 3
a=
6
T (1) v (2) ta c
3c 3a = 2
c = 11
6
(2)
ta im B v C
bi 12 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A (1; 3), trc tm H (1; 1) v
tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic I (2; 2). Xc nh ta cc nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :

Gi D l im i xng vi A qua I AD l ng knh ng trn tm I v I l trung im ca
AD D (5; 1)
AD l ng knh ng trn tm I CDAC, H l trc tm BHAC CD//BH
Tng t ta c CH//BD BHCD l hnh bnh hnh BC v DH ct nhau ti trung im mi ng
10
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trung im M ca DH l trung im ca BC ta c M (3; 1)
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im M v vung gc vi AH BC : x + y 2 = 0
Phng trnh ng trn tm I c bn knh IA = 10

(C) : (x 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 10
Ta im B v C l giao im ca ng thng BC v (C)

bi 13 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c ng cao BH : x + 2y 3 = 0, trung

tuyn AM : 3x + 3y 8 = 0. Cnh BC i qua im N (3; 2). Tm ta cc nh B, C ca tam
gic ABC bit nh C thuc ng thng (d) : x y + 2 = 0.
Li gii tham kho :
Ly im B (3 2b; b) BH v C (c; c + 2) (d)

3 2b + c b + c + 2
Gi M l trung im ca BC M
;
. Ta c M AM
2
2
3 2b + c
b+c+2
+ 3.
8 = 0 3b 6c + 1 = 0
2
2
Cnh BC i qua im N (3; 2) BN v N C cng phng

3.
(1)
Ta c BN = (2b; 2 b) v N C = (c 3; c + 4)
c+4
c3
=
3bc + 5b + 2c 6 = 0
2b
2 b
(2)
T (1) v (2) b = ...; c = ... ta im B v C.

bi 14 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh thang cn ABCD vi CD = 2AB, phng trnh
hai ng cho AC v BD ln lt l (d1 ) : x + y 4 = 0; (d2 ) : x y 2 = 0. Bit rng ta hai
im A v B u dng v din tch hnh thang bng 36. Tm ta cc nh hnh thang.
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Li gii tham kho :
Ta c (d1 )(d2 ) hnh thang cn ABCD c hai ng cho vung gc v bng nhau.
1
S = .AC.BD = 36 AC 2 = 72 AC = BD = 6 2
2
Ta c hai tam gic AIB v tam gic CID ng dng
AB
IA
1
1
=
= IA = AC = 2 2 = IB
CD
IC
2
3
I l giao im ca hai ng cho I (3; 1)
Ly im A (a; 4 a) (d1 ) IA2 = (a 3)2 + (a 3)2 = 8
Ly im B (b; b 2) (d2 ) IB 2 = (b 3)2 + (b 3)2 = 8
a=1
a=5
b=1
b=5
A (1; 3)
(tm)
A (5; 1)
(loai)
B (1; 1)
B (5; 3)
(loai)
(tm)

Ly im C (c; 4 c) (d1 ) ta c IC = 2IA 2AI = IC C (7; 3)

Ly im D (d; d 2) (d2 ) ta c ID = 2IB 2BI = ID D (1; 3)
bi 15 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im C thuc ng thng

(d) : x + 3y + 7 = 0 v A (1; 5). Gi M l im nm trn tia i ca tia CB sao cho M C = 2BC, N
l
hnh chiu
vung gc ca B ln ng thng M D. Xc nh ta cc nh B v C bit rng
5 1
N ;
2 2
Li gii tham kho :

Gi im C (3c 7; c) (d). Gi I l tm ca hnh ch nht ABCD

3c 6 c + 5
;
I l trung im ca AC I
2
2
Xt tam gic DN B vung ti N c I l trung im ca BD IN = IB = ID
I l tm ca hnh ch nht IA = IB = ID IN = IA

2
2

3c 6
c+5
3c 6 5 2
c+5 1 2
1 +
5 =
+
+
c = 3 C (2; 3)
2
2
2
2
2
2
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Gi s B (a; b) c ABBC ABAC c AB = (a 1; b 5) ; BC = (a 2; b + 3)

(a 1) (a 2) + (b 5) (b + 3) = 0
(1)
Ta c CM = 2BC CM = 2BC M (6 2a; 9 2b)

5
1
17
19
; MN =
2a; 2b
M N BN M N BN m BN = a + ; b
2
2
2
2

17
1
19
5
2a + b
2b = 0
(2)
a+
2
2
2
2
T (1) v (2) a = ....; b = .... B (....)
\
bi 16 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD, bit phn gic trong gc ABC
i qua trung im M ca cnh AD, phng trnh ng thng BM l (d) : x y + 2 = 0, im
D thuc ng thng (d1 ) : x + y 9 = 0, im E (1; 2) thuc ng thng AB v im B c
honh m. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht
Li gii tham kho :
\ ABM
\ = 45o ABM vung cn ti A
Ta c BM l phn gic gc ABC
= (1; 1) l vtpt ca BM
Gi
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng AB, c
n
1
a=0
b|
2
) = |a
cos (
n,
n
=
ab = 0
1
2
2. a2 + b2
b=0
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X Vi a = 0 chn
n = (0; 1) phng trnh ng thng AB i qua im E v c vtpt
n AB :
y 2 = 0 Ta B l giao im ca AB v BM B (0; 2) ( loi)
X Vi b = 0 chn
n = (1; 0) phng trnh ng thng AB i qua im E v c vtpt
n AB :
x + 1 = 0 Ta B l giao im ca AB v BM B (1; 1) ( tha mn)
Gi s im A (1; a) AB v D (d; 9 d) (d1 )

d1 9d+a
(d)
Trung im M ca AD c ta M
;
2
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d1 9d+a
+ 2 = 0 2d a 6 = 0
(1)
2
2

Ta c ADAB ADAB m AB = (0; 1) v AD = (d + 1; 9 d a)
9da=0a+d=9
(2)
A (1; 4)
d=5
T (1) v (2)
D (5; 4)
a=4

5
Gi I l tm hnh ch nht I 2;
. I l trung im ca AC C (5; 1)
2
bi 17 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, bit B v C i xng nhau
qua gc ta O. ng phn gic trong gc B c phng trnh (d) : x + 2y 5 = 0. Tm ta
cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit ng thng AC i qua im K (6; 2).
Li gii tham kho :
Gi im B (5 2b; b) (d). B v C i xng nhau qua gc ta O C (2b 5; b)

Qua O k ng thng vung gc vi (d) ct (d) v AB ln lt ti F v I.
ng thng OF i qua O v vung gc vi (d) OF : 2x y = 0
Ta F l giao im ca (d) v OF F (1; 2)
F l trung im ca OI I (2; 4)
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Tam gic ABC vung ti A ABAC ABAC c AB = (3 2b; b 4) v AC = (2b 11; b 2)
b=1
(3 2b) (2b 11) + (b 4) (b 2) = 0 5b2 + 30b 25 = 0
Vi b = 1 B (3; 1)
b=5
C (3; 1)
Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua B v I AB : 3x + y 10 = 0
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Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua C v K AC : x 3y = 0

A l giao im ca AB v AC A (3; 1) ( loi do trng im B)
Trng hp b = 5 xt tng t
45
. Phng trnh
8
hai cnh y AB : x 3y + 1 = 0 v
CD :
2x 6y + 17 = 0. AD v BC ct nhau ti im K (2; 6).
7
. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh thang ABCD.
Hai ng cho ct nhau ti im I 1;
3
bi 18 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh thang ABCD c din tch bng
Li gii tham kho :
15
Khong cch gia AB v CD l d =
40
1
3 10
Ta c din tch hnh thang S = . (AB + CD) .d AB + CD =
2
2
AB
d (I, AB)
=
=2
CD
d (I, CD)
T (1) v (2) AB = 2.CD = 10

ABCD l hnh thang
(1)
(2)
Tam gic KAB c CD // AB v AB = 2CD CD l ng trung bnh ca tam gic KAB

Ni KI ct AB v CD ti M v N M. N ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD
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Phng trnh ng thng KI i qua K v I KI : 11x 3y 4 = 0

1 1
M l giao im ca KI v AB M
;
2 2
Ta c AB =
10 v M l trung im ca AB A v B thuc ng trn tm M bn knh R =

(C) :
1
x
2
2
10
2

1 2 5
+ y
=
2
2
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A, B l giao im ca (C) v ng thng AB A, B c ta l (2; 1) ; (1; 0)

7
1
Do C, D c ta l 2;
;
;3
2
2
bi 19 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c BC = 2AB, phng trnh ng
\ = 120o v im A (3; 1). Tm
trung tuyn xut pht t nh B l (d) : x + y 2 = 0. Bit ABC
ta cc nh cn li ca tam gic.
Li gii tham kho :
t AB = x BC = 2x. p dng nh l Cosin vo tam gic ABC ta c
\ = 7x2 AC = x 7
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 2.AB.BC. cos ABC
p dng cng thc tnh ng trung tuyn vo tam gic ABC ta c
AB 2 + BC 2 AC 2
3x2
=
2
4
4
3x2
x 7
Trong tam gic ABM c AB = x, BM 2 =
; AM =
AM 2 = AB 2 + BM 2
4
2
BM 2 =
ABM vung ti B ABBM

Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua A v vung gc vi BM AB : x y 2 = 0
B l giao im ca AB v BM B (2; 0)
Li c AB = d (A, BM ) =
6
. Gi M (m; 2 m) BM
2
3
3
2
2
BM = 2 (m 2) = m = 2
2
2
2 = x BM =
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Thay vo ta c im M , li c M l trung im ca AC ta im C 2
3; 4

3

bi 20 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, phng trnh cnh BC l
(d) : 2x y + 3 = 0. im I (2; 1) l trung im cnh BC, im E (4; 1) nm trn cnh AB.
Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 90.
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Li gii tham kho :
Tam gic ABC cn ti A AI l va l ng cao va l ng phn gic gc A
Phng trnh ng phn gic AI i qua A v vung gc vi BC AI : x + 2y + 4 = 0

Qua E k ng thng vung gc vi AI ct AI v AC ti F v M .
Phng trnh ng thng EM i qua E vung gc vi AI EM : 2x y 7 = 0
Ta im F l giao im ca EM v AI F (2; 3). F l trung im ca EM M (0; 7)

Ly im B (b; 2b + 3) BC C (4 b; 5 2b)
\ = ACB
\ hay (BE, BC) = (M C, BC)
Tam gic ABC cn ti A ABC
BE = (b 4; 2b 2) , M C = (4 + b; 2b 2) , BC = (1; 2)
b=1
|b 4 + 2b 4|
|5b|

=
5. 5b2 16b + 20
5. 5b2 + 20
b=4
X Vi b = 1 B (1; 5) C (5; 7) BC = 6 5
1
S = .AI.BC = 90 AI = 6 5. Ly im A (2a 4; a) AI
2
a
=
5
A (14; 5)
AI 2 = (2a + 2)2 + (a + 1)2 = 90
a = 7
A (10; 7)
X Vi b = 4 xt tng t.
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bi 21 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c im A (1; 3) , B (5; 1).
im M nm trn on thng BC sao cho M C = 2M B. Tm ta im C bit rng M A =
AC = 5 v ng thng BC c h s gc l mt s nguyn.
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Li gii tham kho :
Gi s im M (a; b) ta c M A = 5 (a + 1)2 + (b + 3)2 = 25

a2 + 2a + b2 + 6b = 15
(1)
Gi D l trung im ca CM ta c M A = AC = 5 CAM cn ti A ADCM
Theo gi thit M C = 2M B M B = M D M l trung im ca BD D (2a 5; 2b 1)
AD = (2a 4; 2b + 2) ; BI = (2a 10; 2a 2)

ADBI AD.BI = 0 (2a 4) (2a 10) + (2b + 2) (2b 2) = 0
a2 7a + b2 = 9
T (1) v (2)
(2)
a = 2; b = 1
50
23
;b =
13
13

50
23
50 23
X Vi a = ; b = M
;
13
13
13 13
a=
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v M BC : 12x 5y 55 = 0 ( loi do phng trnh

BC c h s gc nguyn)
X Vi a = 2; b = 1 M (2; 1) phng trnh BC i qua M v B BC : y = 1 ( tha mn)
Ta im D (1; 1) C (4; 1)

bi 22 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, c trc tm H (3; 2).
Gi D, E l chn ng cao h t B v C. im A thuc ng thng (d) : x 3y 3 = 0, im
F (2; 3) thuc ng thng DE v HD = 2. Tm ta nh A.
18
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Li gii tham kho :

Ta c HD = 2 (xD + 3)2 + (yD 2)2 = 4
2 + 6x 4y + 9 = 0
x2D + yD
D
D
(1)

im A (d) A (3a + 3; a) ta c ADDH AD.HD = 0
(xD 3a 3) (xD + 3) + (yD a) (yD 2) = 0
2 3ax (a + 2) y 7a 9 = 0
x2D + yD
D
D
(2)
T (1) v (2) (6 + 3a) xD + (a 2) yD + 7a + 18 = 0

Tng t ta c (6 + 3a) xE + (a 2) yE + 7a + 18 = 0
Do phng trnh ng thng DE c dng (d1 ) : (6 + 3a) x + (a 2) y + 7a + 18 = 0

M im F (d1 ) a = 0 A (3; 0)
bi 23 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G (1; 1),
ng cao t nh A c phng trnh (d) : 2x y + 1 = 0. Cc nh B v C thuc ng thng
(d1 ) : x + 2y 1 = 0. Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic bit tam gic ABC c din tch bng
6.
Li gii tham kho :
im A (d) A (a; 2a + 1)
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Gi M l trung im ca BC G AM v AG = 2GM AG = 2GM

3a
M
; 1 a mt khc M (d1 )
2
3a
+ 2 (1 a) 1 = 0 a = 1 A (1; 3) M (1; 0)
2

6
1 3
AH =
Gi H l giao im ca (d) v (d1 ) H ;
5 5
5
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1
S = .AH.BC = 6 BC = 2 5 M B = M C = 5
2
im B (d1 ) B (1 2b; b) M B 2 = 5b2 = 5 b = 1

X b = 1 B (1; 1) C (3; 1)
X b = 1 B (3; 1) C (1; 1)
bi 24 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 6.
Phng trnh ng thng cha ng cho BD l (d) : 2x + y 11 = 0, ng thng AB i qua
im M (4; 2), ng thng BC i qua im N (8; 4). Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht
bit cc im B, D u c honh ln hn 4.
Li gii tham kho :
B (5; 1)

V B (d) B (b; 11 2b). ABBC M BN B M B.N B = 0
19
b=
2
5
(b 4) (b 8) + (9 2b) (7 2b) = 0 5b 44b + 95 = 0
b=5
Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua im B v M AB : x + y 6 = 0

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im B v N AC : x y 4 = 0
A AB A (a; 6 a) v C BC C (c; c 4)

a+c ca+2
Gi I l tm ca hnh ch nht I
;
BD
2
2
ca+2
11 = 0 3c + a 20 = 0
(1)
2
AB = 2. |a 5| v BC = 2. |c 5| S = 2 |a 5| . |c 5| = 6
a+c+
(2)
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"
T (1) v (2)
a = 2; c = 6
a = 8; c = 4

"
A (2; 4) , C (6; 2) I (4; 3) D (3; 5)

A (8; 2) , C (4; 0) I (6; 1) D (7; 3)
(loai)
(tm)
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bi 25 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A ni tip ng

trn (C) : x2 + y 2 + 2x 4y + 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit im M (0; 1)
l trung im ca cnh AB v im A c honh dng.
Li gii tham kho :
Tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I (1; 2) ; R = 2. M l trung im ca AB IM AB

Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua M v vung gc vi IM AB : x y + 1 = 0
C im A AB A (a; a + 1) IA = 2 (a + 1)2 + (a 1)2 = 4 a = 1 A (1; 2) B (1; 0)

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im B v vung gc vi AI BC : x + 1 = 0
C l giao im ca BC v (C) C (1; 4)
bi 26 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 10,
phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AD l (d) : 3x y = 0. Ly im M i xng vi im D
qua im C v ng thng BM c phng trnh (d1 ) : 2x + y 10 = 0. Xc nh ta cc nh
ca hnh ch nht bit nh B c honh dng.
Li gii tham kho :

Gi N l giao im ca BM v AD N (2; 6)
im D AD D (d; 3d) v B BM B (b; 10 2b) vi b > 0

d + 2 3d + 6
A l trung im ca N D A
;
2
2
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2b 2 + d 14 4b + 3d
;
2
2
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B l trung im ca M N M (2b 2; 14 4b) m C l trung im ca M D C

ABAD AB.AD = 0 c AB =
d + 2 2b 3d + 4b 14
;
2
2
d + 2 2b
3d 14 + 4b
+ 3.
=0b+d=4
2
2
10
10
. (d 2)2 v AB 2 =
(d 2)2
4
4
d=0b=4
10
S=
(d 2)2 = 10
4
d=4b=0
(1)
T (1) c AD2 = AN 2 =
(tm)
(loai)
Do B (4; 2) , D (0; 0) , C (3; 1) , A (1; 3)

bi 27 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Trn tia i ca
tia CA ly im K sao cho AC = CK. K KE vung gc vi BC ( E thuc ng thng BC) ct
\ = 45o , phng
ng thng AB ti N (1; 3). Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit AEB
trnh ng thng BK l (d) : 3x + y 15 = 0 v honh im B ln hn 3.
Li gii tham kho :
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Tam gic N BK c BE v KA l hai ng cao C l trc tm NC BK.

\ = AKB
\ = 45o ABK vung cn ti A ABK
\ = 45o
T gic BAEK ni tip BEA
= (3; 1) l vtpt ca ng thng BK

Gi
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng AB, c
n
1
b = 2a
1
+ b|
) = |3a
= 4a2 + 6ab 4b2 = 0

cos (
n,
n
1
2
10. a2 + b2
a = 2b
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X Vi a = 2b chn
n = (2; 1) AB : 2x + y 5 = 0 B (2; 9) ( loi)
X Vi b = 2a chn
n = (1; 2) AB : x + 2y 5 = 0 B (5; 0) (tha mn)
Phng trnh ng thng NM qua im N v vung gc vi BK M N : x 3y + 10 = 0

1
1 1
1
1
BK
C ABK v KCM vung cn KM = .CK = . .AC = . BK =
4
2
2 2
2 2 2

7 9
M l giao im ca M N v BK M
;
. C BK = 4MK K (3; 6)
2 2
Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua K v vung gc vi AB AC : 2x y = 0
A l giao im ca AC v AB A (1; 2)
C l trung im ca AK C (2; 4)
bi 28 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Gi M l im

trn cnh AC sao cho AB = 3AM. ng trn tm I (1; 1) ng knh CM
ctBM ti D. Xc
4
nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit ng thng BC i qua im N
; 0 , phng trnh
3
ng thng CD : x 3y 6 = 0 v im C c honh dng.
Li gii tham kho :
Tam gic ABM vung ti A c AB = 3AM BM =

\ = 3
10AM cos ABM
10
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\ = DCA
\ cos DCA
\ = 3 . Gi
T gic BADC ni tip ABM
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng
10
AC
a=0
3
|a 3b|
2
\
= 8a + 6ab = 0
cos DCA =
3b
10
10. a2 + b2
a=
4
3b
chn
n = (3; 4).Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua im I v c vtpt
n
4

3 11
( loi )
AC : 3x 4y 7 = 0 C l giao im ca AC v CD C ;
5
5
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X Vi a =
X Vi a = 0 chn
n = (0; 1). Phng trnh AC i qua im I v c vtpt
n
AC : y + 1 = 0 ta im C l C (3; 1) ( tha mn )
I l trung im ca CM M (1; 1) phng trnh ng trn tm I l (C) : (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4

3 11
D l giao im ca CD v (C) D ;
. Phng trnh ng thng BM : 3x + y + 4 = 0
5
5
Phng trnh ng thng BC : 3x + 5y 4 = 0. B l giao im ca BM v BC B (2; 2)
Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua B v vung gc vi AC AB : x + 2 = 0
A l giao im ca AB v AC A (2; 1).
bi 29 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c D (6; 6), ng
trung trc (d1 ) ca on thng CD c phng trnh l (d1 ) : 2x + 3y + 17 = 0 v ng phn gic
\ c phng trnh (d2 ) : 5x + y 3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh
(d2 ) ca gc BAC
bnh hnh ABCD.
Li gii tham kho :
ng thng CD i qua im D v vung gc vi (d1 ) CD : 3x 2y + 6 = 0

Gi M l giao im ca CD v (d1 ) M (4; 3). M l trung im ca CD C (2; 0)
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Qua C k ng thng vung gc vi (d2 ) ct (d2 ) ti G v ct AB ti H CH : x 5y + 2 = 0

1 1
G l giao im ca CH v (d2 ) G
. G l trung im ca CD H (3; 1)
;
2 2
Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua H v song song vi CD AB : 3x 2y 7 = 0
A l giao im ca AB v (d2 ) A (1; 2).
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im C v song song vi AD BC : 4x 7y + 8 = 0
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B l giao im ca AB v BC B (5; 4)
bi 30 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cc cnh AB

2
2
v
AD tip xc
vi ng trn (C) : (x + 2) + (y 3) = 4. ng cho AC ct (C) ti im
16 23
M ;
v im N thuc trc Oy. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit
5 5
im A c honh m v im D c honh dng, din tch tam gic AND bng 10
Li gii tham kho :
8 5
ng trn (C) ct trc Oy ti im N (0; 3) M N =
v phng trnh MN : x + 2y 6 = 0
5
Gi s ng trn (C) tip xc vi AB, AD ti im G v F AGIF l hnh vung AF = IF = 2.
AMN l ct tuyn ca (C) v AF l tip tuyn ca (C) AM.AN = AF 2 = 4

V A M N A (6 2a; a) v AM .AN = 4 ( A nm ngoi M v N )

4 13

a=5
A
;
16
23
5 5
6 + 2a (2a 6) +
a (3 a) = 4
A (4; 5)
13
5
5
a=
A (4; 5)
5
Gi s im D (b; c). Gi d l khong cch t D n AN ta c
1
|b + 2c 6|
SAN D = .d.AN = 10 d = 2 5
= 2 5 |b + 2c 6| = 10
2
5
Ta c gc gia AD v AI bng 45o . AD = (b + 4; c 5), AI = (1; 1)
(1)
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c=5

|b + 4 c + 5|
1
cos AD, AI = q
=
2
b = 4
2. (b + 4)2 + (c 5)2
b=6
D c honh dng D (6; 5)
Vi c = 5 thay vo (1)
b = 14
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Phng trnh AD i qua im A v D AD : y = 5. Phng trnh CD i qua D v vung gc vi AD

CD : x = 6

5
C l giao im ca AC v CD C (6; 0). Gi I l tm hnh ch nht I 1;
2
I l trung im ca BD B (4; 0)
bi 31 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c im M (2; 1) l trung

im ca AC. im H (0; 3) l chn ng cao h t A, im E (23; 2) thuc trung tuyn k
t C. Tm ta nh B bit nh A thuc ng thng (d) : 2x + 3y 5 = 0 v im C c honh
dng.
Li gii tham kho :
V A (d) A (3a + 1; 1 2a). M l trung im ca AC C (3 3a; 1 + 2a)

H l chn ng cao h t A AH CH AHCH
(3a + 1) (3 3a) + (4 2a) (4 + 2a) = 0
13a2
+ 6a + 19 = 0
a = 1
a=
19
13
C (6; 1)
C (6; 1) A (2; 3)

18 51
C ;
13 13
Phng trnh ng trung tuyn k t C i qua C v E CE : x + 17y + 11 = 0

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua C v H BC : x 3y 9 = 0
Ly im B BC B (3b + 9; b)

3b + 7 b + 3
Trung im ca AB l im N
;
2
2
N CE
3b + 7
3+b
+ 11.
+ 11 = 0 b = 4 B (3; 4)
2
2
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bi 32 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh thoi ABCD c phng trnh ng

cho AC l (d) : x + 7y 31 = 0. Cc nh B, D ln lt thuc cc ng thng (d1 ) : x + y 8 =
0; (d2 ) : x 2y + 3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi bit hnh thoi c din tch bng 75 v
nh A c honh m.
Li gii tham kho :
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B (d1 ) B (b; 8 b) v D (d2 ) D (2d 3; d)
ABCD l hnh thoi trung im ca BD AC. Gi I l trung im ca AC I

I AC
b + 2d 3
8b+d
+ 7.
31 = 0 2b 3d + 3 = 0
2
2
Mt khc BD AC 7 (2d 3 b) (d 8 + b) = 0 8b + 13d 13 = 0

(
(
b=0
B (0; 8)
T (1) v (2)
BD = 5 2
d=1
D (1; 1)

1
1 9
S = .AC.BD = 75 AC = 15 2. Tam ca hnh thoi l I ;
2
2 2
AC
15 2
A AC A (31 7a; a). C IA =
=
2
2
b + 2d 3 8 b + d
;
2
2
(1)
(2)
IA2 = ... ta im A ta im C
bi 33 : Trong mt phng vi
h ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c A (1; 1) v AB = 4.
9 3
Gi M l trung im ca BC, K
;
l hnh chiu ca D ln AM. Tm ta cc nh cn
5 5
li ca hnh vung bit nh B c honh nh hn 2.
Li gii tham kho :
Phng trnh ng thng AM i qua A v K AM : 2x + y 3 = 0
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2
4 5
AK
v AM = 2 5
=
Ta c AK =
5
AM
5
Ly im M (m; 3 2m). Ta c
2
AK
2
= AK = AM M (3; 3)
AM
5
5
Gi s im B (a; b) vi a > 2. ABCD l hnh vung nn AB BM

(a 1) (a 3) + (b 1) (b + 3) = 0 a2 4a + b2 + 2b = 0
AB = 4 (a 1)2 + (b 1)2 = 16 a2 2a + b2 2b = 14
(1)
(2)
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T (1) v (2) B (1; 3). M l trung im ca BC C (5; 3)
Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua A v vung gc vi AB AD : y = 1

Phng trnh ng thng CD i qua C v vung gc vi BC CD : x = 5
D l giao im ca CD v AD D (5; 1)
bi 34 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh thoi ABCD c ng cho AC nm

trn ng thng (d) : x + y 1 = 0. im E (9; 4) nm trn ng thng cha cnh AB, im
F (2; 5) nm trn ng thng cha cnh AD, AC = 2 2. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh

thoi bit im C c honh m.
Li gii tham kho :
Qua E k ng thng vung gc vi ng cho AC ct AC ti M v ct AD ti N

Phng trnh ng thng EN i qua E v vung gc vi AC EN : x y 5 = 0
AC ct EN ti im M M (3; 2). M l trung im ca EN N (3; 8)
Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua F v N AD : 3x y + 1 = 0
A l giao im ca AC v AD A (0; 1)
Ly im C (c; 1 c) AC AC 2 = c2 + c2 = 8 c = 2 C (2; 3)
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Gi I l tm ca hnh thoi I l trung im ca AC I (1; 2)

Phng trnh ng cho BD i qua im I v vung gc vi AC BD : x y + 3 = 0
D l giao im ca AD v BD D (1; 4). I l trung im ca BD B (3; 0)
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bi 35 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c im C (5; 1), trung tuyn
AM, im B thuc ng thng (d) : x + y + 6 = 0. im N (0; 1) l trung im ca AM, im
D (1; 7) khng nm trn ng thng AM v khc pha so vi ng thng BC ng thi
khong cch t A v D ti ng thng BC bng nhau. Xc nh ta im A v B.
Li gii tham kho :
Gi s
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng BC BC : ax + by 5a b = 0
|6a 8b|
2 |5a|
=
Ta c d (A, BC) = d (D, BC) = 2d (N, BC)
2
2
a +b
a2 + b2
1
a= b
2
2
2
16a 24ab 16b = 0
a = 2b
X Vi a = 2b BC : 2x + y 11 = 0 ( loi do N v D cng pha vi BC)

1
X Vi a = b BC : x 2y 3 = 0 ( tha mn )
2
B l giao im ca ng thng BC v (d) B (3; 3)

M l trung im ca BC M (1; 1). N l trung im ca AM A (1; 3)
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bi 36 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c A (2; 6), nh B nm

trn ng thng (d) : x 2y + 6 = 0. Trn hai cnh BC v CD ly hai im M v N
sao choBM
2 14
.
;
= CN. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung bit AM v BN ct nhau ti im I
5 5
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Li gii tham kho :
\
\
\
\ = 90o BN AM
Ta c ABM = BCN BM
A = BN
C BM
A + CBN
Phng trnh ng thng AI i qua A v I AI : 4x + 3y 10 = 0
Phng trnh ng thng BN i qua I v vung gc vi AI BI : 3x 4y + 10 = 0

B l giao im ca ng thng (d) v BI B (2; 4)
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v vung gc vi AB BC : 2x y = 0

M l giao im ca BC v AI M (1; 2)
1
Ta c AB = 2 5, BM = 5 BM = BC M l trung im ca BC
2
ta im C (0; 0)
Gi s H l tm hnh vung H l trung im ca AC H (1; 3)
H l trung im ca BD D (4; 2)
bi 37 : Trongmt phng
vi h ta Oxy cho hnh vungABCD.Gi E l trung im ca
11 2
3 6
cnh AD, im H
;
l hnh chiu ca B ln CE v M
;
l trung im ca BH.
5
5
5 5
Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD bit nh A c honh m.
Li gii tham kho :
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Gi G l trung im ca BC GM l ng trung bnh ca tam gic BCH GM // CE

ABCD l hnh vung c E, G ln lt l trung im ca AD v BC AG // CE
Qua G c hai ng thng cng song song vi CE do A, G, M thng hng hay AM BH
phng trnh ng thng AM : 2x + y = 0, phng trnh ng thng CE : 2x + y 4 = 0

M l trung im ca BH B (1; 2)
BM
ED
1
=
= AM = 2BM
AM
CD
2
4 5
8 5
C BM =
. Tam gic ABM vung ti M c AM = 2BM =
AB = 4
5
5
Hai tam gic ABM v CED ng dng
Ly im A (a; 2a) AM AB = (a + 1) + (2 2a) = 16
5a2
6a 11 = 0
a = 1
a=
11
5
A (1; 2) phng trnh ng thng AD i qua A v vung gc vi AB AD : y = 2

E l giao im ca AD v CE E (1; 2), E l trung im ca AD D (3; 2)
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v song song vi AD BC : y = 2

C l giao im ca CE v BC C (3; 2)

bi 38 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A (3; 4), ng phn
gic trong gc A c phng trnh (d) : x + y 1 = 0 v tm ng trn ngoi tip l I (1; 7). Vit
phng trnh cnh BC, bit din tch tam gic ABC gp bn ln din tch tam gic IBC.
Li gii tham kho :

Ta c IA = 5 phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c dng (C) : (x 1)2 + (y 7)2 = 25
Phng trnh phn gic gc A ct ng trn ti im th 2 l D D (2; 3)
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AD l phn gic trong gc A nn D l trung im ca cung nh BC ID BC
Phng trnh ng thng BC nhn AD lm vtpt phng trnh BC c dng : 3x + 4y + = 0

Ta c din tch tam gic ABC gp 4 ln din tch tam gic IBC nn d (A, BC) = 4d (I, BC)
114
=
|7 + |
31 +
= 4.
131
5
5
=
5
9x + 12y 114 = 0
Phng trnh ng thng BC l
15x + 20y 131 = 0
bi 39 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c im A (3; 5). im
H (1; 3) l hnh chiu ca B ln AC v ng trung trc ca BC c phng trnh (d) : x+4y5 = 0.
Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh bnh hnh.
Li gii tham kho :
Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua A v H AC : x y + 2 = 0

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Phng trnh ng thng BH i qua H v vung gc vi AC BH : x + y 4 = 0

Ly im B (b; 4 b) BH v C (c; c + 2) AC
ng thng (d) l trung trc ca BC BC (d)
4 (c b) (c + b 2) = 0 3c 5b + 2 = 0

b+c 6b+c
AC
Trung im ca BC l im M
;
2
2
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b+c
6b+c
+ 4.
5 = 0 5c 3b + 4 = 0
2
2
(
(
b = 2
B (2; 6)
T (1) v (2)
c = 4
C (4; 2)
(1)
(2)
Gi I l tm ca hnh bnh hnh D (1; 3)

bi 40 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh thang ABCD c hai y l AB v CD

bit B (3; 3) , C (5; 3). Giao im I ca hai ng cheo nm trn ng thng (d) : 2x + y 3 = 0.
Din tch tam gic ABC bng 12. Xc nh ta cc nh cn li ca hnh thang bit CI = 2BI,
im I c honh dng v im A c honh m.
Li gii tham kho :
Ly im I (m; 3 2m) (d). Ta c IC = 2IB
(m 5)2 + (6 2m)2 = 4 (m 3)2 + 4 (2m)2
m=1
m=
5 I (1; 1)
3
Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua I v C AC : x + y 2 = 0.
1
SABC = .d (B, AC) .AC = 12 AC = 6 2
2
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Ly im A (a; 2 a) AC. Ta c AC = 6 2
a = 11
(a 5)2 + (5 a)2 = 72
A (1; 3)
a = 1
Phng trnh ng thng CD i qua C v song song vi AB CD : y = 3
Phng trnh ng thng BD i qua B v I BD : x y = 0
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D l giao im ca BD v CD D (3; 3)
bi 41
: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c trng tm
5
G
; 2 , bn knh ng trn ngoi tip bng 5. B v C thuc ng thng (d) : 4x+3y 9 = 0.
3
Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :
1
1
5
Gi M l trung im ca BC, ta c GM = AM = R =
3
3
3

5
5 2
25
M thuc ng trn tm G bn knh hay M (C) : x
+ (y + 2)2 =
3
3
9
Ta M l giao im ca (C) v (d) M (3; 1)

Phng trnh ng thng AM i qua G v M AM : 3x 4y 13 = 0
G l trng tm tam gic ABC AM = 3GM A (1; 4)
Phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c tm M v R = 5
(C1 ) : (x 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 25
B v C l giao im ca (d) v (C1 ) B (0; 3) , C (6; 5) v ngc li
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bi 42 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c im M (3; 2) nm

trn ng cho BD. T M k cc ng thng ME v MF ln lt vung gc vi AB ti E (3; 4)
v AD ti F (1; 2). Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD.
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Li gii tham kho :
Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua E v vung gc vi ME AB : y = 4
Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua F v vung gc vi MF AD : x = 1

A l giao im ca AB v AD A (1; 4)
ABCD l hnh vung ME = BE = 2 v AE = MF = 4
Ly im B (b; 4) AB. C AE = 2EB AE = 2EB B (5; 4)
Phng trnh ng thng BD i qua M v B BD : x y 1 = 0

D l giao im ca AD v BD D (1; 2)
Gi I l tm ca hnh vung I l trung im ca BD I (2; 1) C (5; 2)
bi 43 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A ( AB < AC) c
ta nh B (2; 1). ng cao AH c phng trnh x + 2y 10 = 0. Trn cnh AC ly im D
\ ct AH ti N.
sao cho AB = CD. K DM vung gc vi AH ti M. ng phn gic gc CBM
Tm ta im N.
Li gii tham kho :

T D h DI vung gc vi BC ( I thuc BC)
\ = DCI
[ ABH = CDI DI = BH
Ta c BAH
T gic DMHI l hnh ch nht DI = MH do BH = MH hay tam gic BHM vung cn
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Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v vung gc vi AH BC : 2x y 3 = 0

r
2+2
o
2
Gi l gc to bi BN v BH ta c cos 45 = 2 cos 1 cos =
4
Phng trnh ng thng BN i qua B v to vi BC mt gc
n y bi ton n gin l vit phng trnh ng thng to vi ng thng cho trc 1 gc cho
trc ( ci ny dnh cho bn c )
bi 44 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A ngoi tip hnh
ch nht MNPQ. Bit cc im M (3; 1) v N (2; 1) thuc cnh BC, Q thuc cnh AB, P
thuc cnh AC, ng thng AB c phng trnh x y + 5 = 0. Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam
gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua M v N BC : y = 1

MNPQ l hnh ch nht MN MQ phng trnh MQ qua M v vung gc BC M Q : x = 3
Q l giao im ca MQ v AB Q (3; 2)
Phng trnh PQ qua P v vung gc vi MQ P Q : y = 2
Phng trnh NP qua N v vung gc vi MN N P : x = 2
P l giao im ca PQ v NP P (2; 2)
Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua P v vung gc vi AB AC : x + y 4 = 0
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1 9
A l giao im ca AB v AC A ;
2 2
C l giao im ca BC v AC C (5; 1)

3 1
bi 45 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c I
;
v E (1; 0) ln
2 16
lt l tm ng trn ngoi tip v ni tip tam gic. ng trn (T ) tip xc vi cc cnh BC
v cc cnh AB, AC ko di c tm l F (2; 8). Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic bit A c
tung m.
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Li gii tham kho :
Gi D, K l giao im th hai ca AE, BE vi ng trn tm I
\ = BED
\ EDB cn ti D
S dng gc ni tip v gc c nh bn trong ng trn ta c EBD
\
Ta c ng trn tm F tip xc vi BC v cc cnh AB, AC ko di AF l phn gic ca gc BAC
\
v BF l phn gic ngoi ca gc ABC
A, E, F thng hng v BE BF. Tam gic BEF vung ti B c BD = DE D l trung im ca EF

3
D l trung im ca EF D
; 4 . Phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l
2

2
3 2
1 2
65
+ y
=
(C) : x
2
16
16
Phng trnh ng thng AF i qua E v F AF : 8x + y 8 = 0
A l giao im ca ng trn (C) v AF A (...)
Gi s im B (a; b). Ta c B (C) 1 phng trnh
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BE BF 1 phng trnh. T ta c im B
Bi ton gii quyt xong. ( Bi ny li tnh hihi )
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bi 46 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c im M (3; 1) l trung

im ca BC. ng thng AC i qua im F (1; 3). im E (1; 3) thuc ng cao xut pht
t B. Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic bit im D (4; 2) l im i xng vi im A qua
tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Li gii tham kho :
D i xng vi A qua tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AD l ng knh CD AC

Gi s C (a; b). M l trung im ca BC B (6 a; 2 b)

Ta c CD AC CF CD
(4 a) (1 a) + (3 b) (2 b) = 0 a2 5a + b2 b 2 = 0
(1)

E thuc ng cao h t B BE AC BECF
(2)
(1 a) (7 a) + (1 b) (3 b) = 0 a2 8a + b2 4b + 10 = 0
a = 5; b = 1
T (1) v (2)
C (5; 1) B (1; 1)
a = 4; b = 2
Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua B v vung gc vi BD AB : 3x y 4 = 0

Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua C v F AC : x + y 4 = 0
A l giao im ca AB v AC A (2; 2)
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bi 47 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A (4; 5) v

phng trnh mt ng cho l (d) : 7x y + 8 = 0. Vit phng trnh cch cnh ca hnh vung
ABCD.
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Li gii tham kho :
Ta c A khng nm trn (d) (d) l phng trnh ng cho BD
Phng trnh ng cho AC i qua A v vung gc vi (d) AC : x + 7y 31 = 0

1 9
Tm I ca hnh vung l giao im ca AC v BD I ;
2 2
I l trung im ca AC C (3; 4)
5 2
Ta c AC = 5 2 hnh vung ABCD ni tip ng trn tm I bn knh R =
2
2
2

1
9
25
+ y
=
(C) : x +
2
2
2
B v D l giao im ca (d) v (C) B v D c ta (1; 1) ; (0; 8)
n y bi ton qu n gin dnh cho bn c.
bi 48 : Trong mt phng vi h
ta
Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 2AD. Gi M
10
l trung im ca cnh CD. im G 2;
l trng tm tam gic BCM. Tm ta cc nh
3
ca hnh ch nht bit phng trnh ng thng AM : x 1 = 0.
Li gii tham kho :

Hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 2AD v M l trung im ca CD AD = CM = DM = BC
BCM vung cn ti M CG BM ( G l trong tm )
D thy BM AM AM // CG ( cng vung gc vi BM)
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Phng trnh CG i qua G v song song vi AM CG : x 2 = 0
Gi H l trung im ca BM. Ta c di on MH chnh l khong cch gia AM v CG MH = 1

r
2
5
2
2 5
BM = 2 BC = CM = 2 CN =
MN =
MG = MN =
2
2
3
3 2

m=3
10 2 10
2
2
Ly im M (1; m) AM M G = (1 2) + m
=
11
3
9
m=
3
Vi m = 3 M (1; 3). Phng trnh MH i qua M vung gc vi AM M H : x = 3 H (2; 3)
H l trung im ca MB B (3; 3)
1
1
Ly im C (2; c) CG ta c HG = CG HG = HC C (2; 4)
3
3
M l trung im ca CD D (0; 2)
Phng trnh AD i qua im D v vung gc vi CD AD : x + y 2 = 0

A l giao im ca AM v AD A (1; 1)
11
xt tng t. Bi ton gii quyt xong.
3
Vi m =
bi 49 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c A (1; 2), im C

nm trn ng thng (d) : 2x y 5 = 0 v AB = 2AD. Gi M l im nm trn cnh CD
sao cho DM = 2CM. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht bit phng trnh cnh BM :
5x + y 19 = 0.
Li gii tham kho :

1
2x
t AD = BC = x CD = AB = 2x CM = CD =
BM =
3
3
13x
3
BC
2
3
\
\
\ = 2
cos M
BC =
= sin M
BC = cos ABM
BM
13
13
13
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\ . Gi
Gc gia AB v BM chnh l gc ABM
n = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng AB
a = b
\ = |5a + b| = 2 17a2 + 10ab 7b2 = 0
cos ABM
7
13
a2 + b2 . 26
a= b
17
Vi a = b
n = (1; 1). Phng trnh ng thng AB i qua A c vtpt
n AB : x y + 1 = 0
B l giao im ca AB v BM B (3; 4)
Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v vung gc vi AB BC : x + y 7 = 0

C l giao im ca BC v (d) C (4; 3)
Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua A v vung gc vi AB AD : x + y 3 = 0

Phng trnh ng thng CD i qua C v vung gc vi BC CD : x y 1 = 0
D l giao im ca AD v CD D (2; 1)
Trng hp cn li chng ta lm tng t.
bi 50 : Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC nhn. ng thng cha
ng trung tuyn k t nh A v ng thng BC c phng trnh ln lt l (d1 ) : 3x + 5y 8 =
0; (d2 ) : x y 4 = 0. ng thng qua A vung gc vi BC ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ABC ti im th hai D (4; 2). Vit phng trnh cc cnh AB v AC bit honh im B ln
hn 3.
Li gii tham kho :

Trung im M ca BC l giao im ca (d1 ) v (d2 ) M
7 1
;
2 2
Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua D v vung gc vi BC AD : x + y 2 = 0

5 1
A l giao im ca AD v AM A (1; 1). Gi s N l trung im ca AD N
;
2 2
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Phng trnh trung trc ca AD i qua N v vung gc vi AD (d3 ) : x y 3 = 0
Phng trnh trung trc ca BC i qua M v vung gc vi BC (d4 ) : x + y 3 = 0
Gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC I l giao im ca (d3 ) v (d4 ) I (3; 0) IA =
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c tm l I v bn knh R = 5
(C) : (x 3)2 + y 2 = 5
Ta B v C l giao im ca (C) v (d2 ) B, C c ta (5; 1) ; (2; 2)

Honh B ln hn 3 B (5; 1) ; C (2; 2)
continue ...
42

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CHUYN LUYN THI I HC MN TON

TUYN TP HNH HC GII TCH

Gio vin : Nguyn Minh Tin

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

Li gii tham kho :

Thay (1) vo (2) ta c 5b2 5b (11 6b) 25b + 7 (11 6a) + 27 = 0

bi 02 : Trong h ta Oxy hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch bng

Li gii tham kho :

Ly C (3a + 3; a) (d) IC 2 = (3a + 1)2 + (a 3)2 = 20 a = 1 C (6; 1)

Phng trnh BD i qua im I v nhn IC lm vtpt BD : 2x y 1 = 0

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua B v C BC : 4x + 3y 27 = 0.

Li gii tham kho :

\ = 150o tam gic BEC cn ti E

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

Phng trnh ng thng EH qua im E v vung gc vi AD EH : 4x + 3y + 4 = 0

Phng trnh ng thng AB l (d) : 4x + 3y + 4 5 3 = 0

Bi ton gii quyt xong.

Li gii tham kho :

= (a; b) l vtcp ca ng thng AC. Ta c CD l phn gic trong gc C

im A (d1 ) A (1 + 4a; 6 + 3a) v C (d3 ) C (5 2c; c) AC = (6 2c 4a; c 3a 6)

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

T (1) v (2) a = 1; c = 3 A (5; 3) ; C (1; 3)

Li gii tham kho :

= (7; 1), BC c vtpt l

Phng trnh ng cao xut pht t C l (d) : x + 7y + 11 = 0.

Li gii tham kho :

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

A l giao im ca (d1 ) v (d2 ) ta im A (2; 1)

Phng trnh ng thng (AB) : x 3y 1 = 0 v (AC) : 3x y + 5 = 0

Bi ton gii quyt xong.

bi 07 : Trong h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c AC =

Li gii tham kho :

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

l vtpt ca ng thng (d)

n1 = (2; 1) v n2 = (a; b) l vtpt ca ng thng BG

3a2 8ab 3b2 = 0

= (3; 1) ng thng BG qua G c vtpt

B l giao im ca AB v BG B (4; 1) ( tha mn )

Phng trnh ng thng AC i qua im M v vung gc vi AB AC : x + 2y 4 = 0

Li gii tham kho :

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im B v D BC : y 1 = 0 BC//EF

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

X a = 1 phng trnh AB i qua im B v E AB : 4x + 3y 5 = 0

Li gii tham kho :

Xt tam gic ABD vung ti A c BD2 = AB 2 + AD2 = 5AB 2 BD = AB 5

Phng trnh ng cho BD c

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

Phng trnh ng thng AD i qua im A v vung gc vi AB AD : 2x + y 7 = 0

Bi ton gii quyt xong.

Li gii tham kho :

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

Phng trnh ng cho AC i qua im K v vung gc vi BD AC : x + y + 2 = 0

Li gii tham kho :

Gi s im B (a; b). Ta c trung im ca AB l M

(d1 ) l trung trc ca BC trung im ca BC l N

(d1 ) l trung trc ca BC BC(d1 ) BC

Bi ton gii quyt xong.

Li gii tham kho :

HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG

trung im M ca DH l trung im ca BC ta c M (3; 1)

Phng trnh ng thng BC i qua im M v vung gc vi AH BC : x + y 2 = 0

Phng trnh ng trn tm I c bn knh IA = 10