Design

Standards
For
Swimming Pools
And Spas

By
Fargo Cass Public Health
401 3rd Ave N
Fargo North Dakota 58102
06/29/09

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward .................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 1 Laws and Regulations .......................................................................................2
1.1
Maintenance and Operation of Public Water Works Systems,
Swimming Pools and Sewage Systems; Regulation by Health Department ...........2
1.2
Submission of Construction Plans and Specifications Required ..............................2
1.3
Approval of Construction Plans and Specifications ................................................2
1.4
Inspection of Swimming Pools .................................................................................2

Chapter 2 - Definitions..........................................................................................................3
2.1
Health Department
.................................................................................3
2.2
Permanent Swimming Pool.......................................................................................3
2.3
Person........................................................................................................................3
2.4
Public Swimming Pool .............................................................................................3
2.5
Residential Pool ........................................................................................................3
2.6
Semi-public Pool.......................................................................................................3
2.7
Spa, Hydrotherapy, or Whirlpool..............................................................................3
2.8
Swimming Pool.........................................................................................................3
2.9
Wading Pool..............................................................................................................4
Chapter 3 Minimum Guidelines
For Design of Swimming Pools .................................................................................5
3.1
Location .....................................................................................................................5
3.2
Sand, grass, and shrubbery areas ...............................................................................5
3.3
Fence, barrier, and gate requirements. .....................................................................5
3.4
Size.............................................................................................................................5
3.5
Shape and design........................................................................................................6
3.6
Materials ....................................................................................................................6
3.7
Hydrostatic relief .......................................................................................................6
3.8
Vertical wall depth .....................................................................................................6
3.9
Bottom slope ..............................................................................................................6
3.10 Water depth ................................................................................................................7
3.11 Diving boards .............................................................................................................10
3.12 Steps, ladders, and stepholes ......................................................................................10
3.13 Depth markers ............................................................................................................10
3.14 Decks and walkways ..................................................................................................10
3.15 Hose bibs ....................................................................................................................11
3.16 Lifeguard chairs .........................................................................................................11
3.17 Safety .........................................................................................................................11
3.18 Spectators area ..........................................................................................................11
Chapter 4 Additional Standards Specific for Indoor Swimming Pools ..............................12
4.1
Location .....................................................................................................................12
4.2
Diving boards .............................................................................................................12
4.3
Ventilation and humidity control ...............................................................................12
4.4
Heating .......................................................................................................................12
i

4.5
4.6

Acoustic control .........................................................................................................12

Lighting ......................................................................................................................12

Chapter 5 Additional Standards Specific for Wading Pools ...............................................14

5.1
Location .....................................................................................................................14
5.2
Size.............................................................................................................................14
5.3
Bottom slope and depth .............................................................................................14
Chapter 6 Minimum Design Standards for Public Spas .....................................................15
6.1
Location .....................................................................................................................15
6.2
Materials ....................................................................................................................15
6.3
Roofs and canopies ....................................................................................................15
6.4
Bottom slope ..............................................................................................................15
6.5
Water depth ................................................................................................................15
6.6
Steps, ladders, and stepholes ......................................................................................15
6.7
Depth markers ............................................................................................................16
6.8
Decks and walkways ..................................................................................................16
6.9
Temperature requirements .........................................................................................16
6.10 Disinfectant requirements ..........................................................................................16
Chapter 7 Special Purpose Pools ........................................................................................17
7.1
General .......................................................................................................................17
Chapter 8 Equipment Requirements ...................................................................................18
8.1
Pumping equipment ...................................................................................................18
8.2
Rate-of-flow indicator ................................................................................................18
8.3
Hair and lint catcher ...................................................................................................18
8.4
Water supply ..............................................................................................................18
8.5
Inlets ...........................................................................................................................18
8.6
Main drain ..................................................................................................................19
8.7
Re-circulation system.................................................................................................19
8.8
Suction cleaners .........................................................................................................20
8.9
Overflow collection systems ......................................................................................20
8.10 Therapy or jet systems ...............................................................................................21
8.11 Filtration equipment ...................................................................................................21
8.12 Makeup waters ...........................................................................................................24
8.13 Chemical feeders ........................................................................................................24
8.14 Testing equipment ......................................................................................................24
8.15 Disinfection ................................................................................................................25
8.16 Chlorinator housing ...................................................................................................25
8.17 Lighting requirements ................................................................................................27
8.18 Electrical requirements ..............................................................................................27
8.19 Pool water heaters ......................................................................................................27
Chapter 9 Bathhouse Requirements ....................................................................................28
9.1
General location .........................................................................................................28
9.2
Bathhouse size ...........................................................................................................28
9.3
Floors .........................................................................................................................28
9.4
Dressing room booths and furnishings ......................................................................28
9.5
Showers ......................................................................................................................28
ii

9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13

Lavatories ...................................................................................................................29
Soap dispensers ..........................................................................................................29
Toilet facilities (based on maximum pool loading) ...................................................29
Ventilation and lighting .............................................................................................29
Water supply ..............................................................................................................29
Wastewater .................................................................................................................29
Plumbing code ...........................................................................................................29
Facilities for the handicapped ....................................................................................30

Chapter 10 Natural Bathing Places .....................................................................................31

10.1 General .......................................................................................................................31
Chapter 11 Operation and Maintenance Manual ................................................................32
11.14 General .......................................................................................................................32
Appendix A Suggested Outline/Review Sheet for an Operation and Maintenance .........................33
Appendix B Injector Location for Vacuum Operated Gas Chlorinators ...............................36
Appendix C Enclosure for Swimming Pool Chlorinators......................................................37

iii

FORWARD
This manual has been prepared to aid engineers and architects in the design of swimming
pools and spas following good public health practices. This manual will be used by the
Environmental Health and Engineering Services departments in its review and approval of
plans and specifications for public swimming pools and spas.
Good swimming pool design and operation protects the bathers against:
1. Infections transmitted through the pool.
1. Infections transmitted through bathhouse facilities.
2. Physical injury within and about the pool.
Definite epidemiological evidence has been recorded to show transmission of infectious
diseases through pool waters. Definite proof of the transmission of eye infections, impetigo,
etc., through the common bathroom is also known. Dermatitis, such as athletes foot, is
commonly transmitted in bathing facilities.

CHAPTER 1 - LAWS AND REGULATIONS

1.1

Maintenance and Operation of Public Water Works Systems, Swimming Pools

and Sewage Systems; Regulation by Health Department. For the protection of
public health and the prevention of pollution of waters, all public water works
systems, swimming pools, and sewage systems shall be maintained and operated in
accordance with applicable public health standards, codes, and regulations. The
health department, and agents and employees thereof, shall have authority to regulate the
public health and safety in the city of Fargo concerning use, design, operation, and
maintenance of swimming and wading pools and shall have such authority to adopt
regulations, rules, standards and practices. Such regulations, rules, standards, and
practices shall be approved by the board of city commissioners, are hereby adopted by
reference and fully incorporated herein, including any amendments hereinafter adopted,
and shall be controlling within the jurisdiction of the health department. Fargo
Municipal Code 13-1002.

1.2

Submission of Construction Plans and Specifications Required. Before work or

construction is commenced on any water works system, sewage works system, or public
or semi-public swimming pool, or for any alteration, addition, remodeling or other
improvement thereof, the plans, specifications, and any other pertinent information shall
be submitted to FARGO CASS PUBLIC HEALTH for review prior to construction.
Residential swimming pools are exempt from this requirement, but must meet fencing
requirements and other design standards adopted by the health department and approved
by the board of city commissioners.

1.3

Approval of Construction Plans and Specifications. Plans and specifications

reviewed by FARGO CASS PUBLIC HEALTH will be approved only when such plans
and specifications fully meet and comply with existing statutes, local rules, and
applicable sanitary standards. Plans and specifications upon which approval is being
withheld will be returned with the reasons for withholding approval.

1.4

Inspection of Swimming Pools. The health department may inspect or cause to be

inspected all public or semi-public swimming pools and family residential pools within
the city at such times as it may deem necessary to carry out the intent of this ordinance.
The health department is hereby authorized to enter upon any premises, private or
public, to take such samples of water from such pools at such times as it may deem
necessary and to require the owner, proprietor or operator to comply with rules and
regulations pertaining to swimming pools promulgated by the health department in
accordance with this ordinance., and as approved by the board of Fargo city
commissioners. In the event of the failure of compliance after due notice with the rules
and regulations and requirements of the health department or the requirements of this
ordinance, the health department shall have the power to abate or cause a suspension of
the use of such public or semi-public swimming pool or family residential pool until
such time as the same is, in the opinion of the health department, no longer a menace or
a hazard to health, safety or morals.

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS
2.1

Health Department.

The health department of the city of Fargo.

2.2

Permanent Swimming Pool.

Any pool that is two feet (60 centimeters) deep or more and that is equipped with a recirculation system.
2.3

Person.

Any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation, company, governmental agency, club,
or any organization of any kind.
2.4

Public Swimming Pool.

Any indoor or outdoor pool or spa, other than a residential pool, which is intended to be used
collectively by a number of persons for swimming or bathing and is operated by any person,
whether the owner, lessee, operator, licensee, or concessionaire, regardless of whether a fee is
charged for such use.
2.5

Residential Pool.

Any indoor or outdoor swimming pool located on private property under the control of the
owner and used or intended to be used solely by the owner, operator or lessee thereof and his
family, and by friends invited to use it without payment of any fee.
2.6

Semi-public Pool.

Any indoor or outdoor pool or spa on the premises of, or part of, a motel, mobile home park,
apartment, condominium, subdivision, club, camp, institution, school or similar establishments
where the primary business of the establishment is not the operation of a pool or spa and where
admission to the use of the pool or spa is included in the fee, or consideration paid or given for
the primary use of the premises to such groups and their invited guests.
2.7

Spa, Hydrotherapy, or Whirlpool.

Any indoor or outdoor pool designed for recreational bathing and/or therapeutic use which is
not drained, cleaned, or refilled for each user and which may use high velocity air and/or high
velocity water re-circulation systems utilizing hot, cold, or ambient temperature water, including
appurtenances used in connection with the spa.
2.8

Swimming Pool.

Any indoor or outdoor structure, basin, chamber, or tank containing an artificial body of water
for swimming diving, wading or recreational bathing or swimming having a debt of two feet (60
centimeters) or more at any point, includeing all structures, appurtenances, equipment,
3

appliances and other facilities appurtenant to and intended for the operation and maintenance of
a swimming pool, and also all swimming pools operated and maintained in conjunction with or
by clubs, city parks, motels, hotels and all semi-public pools operated and maintained in
conjunction with or by apartments and community associations.

2.9

Wading Pool.

Any indoor or outdoor structure, basin, chamber, or tank containing an artificial body of water
intended to be used by children for recreational bathing having a water dept of not greater than
two feet (60 centimeters) at the deepest point.

CHAPTER 3 - MINIMUM GUIDELINES FOR

DESIGN OF SWIMMING POOLS
3.1

Location:
A.
The site of the proposed swimming pool shall have approved water supply and
waste disposal facilities available.
B.
In the case of the outdoor pools, topography, protection from prevailing
winds, the absence of trees in the near vicinity, distance from dusty roads, and
industries producing smoke or obnoxious odors, shall be considered in
determining the suitability of proposed sites.
C.
It is usually desirable to locate the swimming pool so that the long dimension
extends north and south. The reason being that more spectators are inclined to
attend the pool in the late afternoon and prefer the sun on their backs.

3.2

Sand, Grass, and Shrubbery Areas:

A.
Grass, earth, and sand areas shall be excluded from the pool area.
Overhanging foliage should also be eliminated.

3.3

Fence, barrier, and gate requirements.

A.
A fence or other barrier at least 5 feet in height shall completely encircle all
public, semi-public, and residential outdoor permanent pools.
B.
A large door or gate shall be installed in such a manner to permit direct access
for pool maintenance equipment in the pool area.
C.
Any fence gate or door shall be equipped such that it can be locked or latched
from the inside to prevent access when the pool is unattended.

3.4

Size:
A.
It is difficult to state exactly what size pool should be designed for a given
community. A pool must be designed in relation to the population to be
served
B.
Ordinarily, communities of 30,000 population or less may expect a daily
attendance of from 5% to 10% of the population served. This figure may be
somewhat less for larger communities. Peak attendance in the pool at any
time may be about one third of the daily attendance. Some authorities state
that the peak will be from 2% to 3% of the population served.
C.
One method of determining the pool size for design purposes is to estimate the
peak attendance from 2% to 3% of the population served and multiply by 12.
Another method is to provide 15 sq. feet (1.4 sq. meters) of water surface area
for each 3 % of the estimated population served.
D.
A method of estimating peak load capacity of public pools is to allow 20 sq.
feet (1.9 sq. meters) of combined pool and walk area per bather. This figure is
based on a pool design having about equal amounts of pool water surface and
walk area.
E.
Once the designed bather load is determined, the size of the swimming pool
shall be computed as follows:
(i)
Allow 15 sq. feet (1.4 sq. meters) of area per bather where water depth
is less than 5 feet (1.5 meters).
(ii)
Allow 20 sq. feet (1.9 sq. meters) of area per bather where water depth
is over 5 feet (1.5 meters), excluding 300 sq. feet (28 sq. meters) of
pool surface area around each diving board.
5

3.5

Shape and Design

A.
Rectangular pools are most common with the ratio of length to width
generally averaging 2 to 1. Oval, circular and irregular shaped pools have
certain advantages under special conditions and from a public health
standpoint, have few, if any, disadvantages.
B.
Length of public pools should not be less than 60 ft (18 meters) and width
should be some multiple of 5, 6, or 7.
C.
If competitive sports are contemplated, a rectangular pool is preferable. T&L
shaped pools have advantages as two or more measured lengths may be
provided for competition.
D.
Competitive standards must comply with the minimum dimension standards
established by the various athletic associations and must be constructed
exactly to these dimensions. Allowances should be made for construction
errors, future provisions for electronic timing devices or other additions, as
any decrease in the length of a competitive pool would result in
disqualification for competitive purposes.

3.6

Materials:
A.
All materials used shall be non-toxic, durable, water proof, and easily cleaned.
The bottom and sides of pools shall be either white or a light color, and
aluminum paint should not be used as a finish.
B.
All external surfaces and edges of pools shall be smooth and free from cracks
or open joints so that they will not constitute a cutting, pinching, puncturing,
or abrasion hazard or interfere in the cleaning operations.

3.7

Hydrostatic Relief:

A hydrostatic relief valve shall be provided in all pools to prevent pool damage from high
ground water levels.
3.8

3.9

Vertical Wall Depth:

A.
The side and end walls of a swimming pool shall be smooth with no
protrusions and shall be either:
(i)
Vertical for water depths of at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) or;
(ii)
Vertical for water depths 3 feet (.9 meters) or more below after which
the wall may be curved to the bottom with a transitional radius.
Bottom Slope:
A.
The slope of the floor in the shallow portion of the pool should not be greater
than 1 to 12 where the water depth is less than 5 feet 6 inches (1.7 meters).
There should be no sudden changes in slope in this area. In public pools less
than 42 feet (13 meters) in length, the rate of the slope in the shallow portion
shall not exceed 1 to 8.
B.
The bottom slope of the pool at depths greater than 5 feet, 6 inches (1.7
meters) shall not be greater than 1 to 3. The bottom of the pool shall slope to
the main drain or the outlets
C.
Where floor slopes join the walls, the transitional radius from the wall to the
floor shall:
(i)
Have its center no less than 3 feet (.9 meters) below the water surface,
(ii)
Be tangent to the wall, and
6

(iii)

3.10

The radius shall be at least equal (it may be greater) to the depth of the
pool minus the vertical wall depth, measured from the water line,
minus 3 inches (8 centimeters) to allow draining to the main drain (R
minimum = pool depth vertical wall depth 3 inches (8
centimeters)).

Water Depth:
A.
Approximately of the pool area, not including the diving area, should be
from 3 to 5 feet (.9 to 1.5 meters) deep. A minimum depth of 3 feet (.9
meters) is allowed in all pools unless the pool is to be used for swimming
meets. Then a minimum depth of 3 feet, 6 inches (1.07 meters) is required.
B.
The diving area of a pool may be at the deep end of a rectangular pool, in a
recessed area forming one leg of a T or L separated from the main pool by a
life line or as a separate diving pool structure
C.
Diving areas must have adequate depth and clearance for safe diving.
Minimum depths and distances from obstructions are listed in the Minimum
Dimension Chart.
D.
There shall be no obstructions extending from the wall or the floor into the
clear area of the diving portion of the pool.

3.11

Diving Boards:
A.
Elevated diving boards for use by the general public shall not be higher than 10
feet (3.3 meters) above the water level.
B.
Any diving board 3 feet or less above the water level shall be located at least 10
from the pool side walls and at least 8 feet from adjacent boards of the same or
less height.
C.
Any diving board greater than 3 feet above the water level shall be located at least
12 feet from the poolside wall and at least 10 feet from adjacent boards.

3.12

Steps, Ladders, and Stepholes:

A.
Ladders or stairs shall be located at the shallow end, at both sides of the deep end
of the pool and at intervals not to exceed 75 feet (23 meters).
B.
It is recommended that all stairs entering a public pool shall be recessed. Treads
of stairs where used shall be of non-slip material. Stepholes are not
recommended; however, where used they shall be of the recessed type and shall
be self-draining into the pool and easily cleanable. Steps, ladders, or stepholes
shall have a sturdy and easily visible handrail on either side and at the top leading
out over the walk area.
C.
Steps and ladders should be located so as not to interfere with racing lanes. All
ladders or steps for competitive pools should be recessed in the pool wall or be
easily removed during competition. Steps shall also be clearly marked so they are
easily visible to swimmers.

3.13

Depth Markers:

The depth of the water in the pool shall be plainly marked at points of maximum and minimum
depths, at the break between the deep and shallow areas, and at intermediate depths spaced at not
more than 25-foot intervals (7.6 meters). The markers shall be placed on the pool wall at or
above the water level and on the edge of the deck, be at least 4 inches (10 centimeters) in height
and of a contrasting color and shall be located on both sides and ends of the pool.
3.14

Decks and Walkways:

A.
Space requirements for decks and walkways adjacent to pools vary according to
the usage of the pool. Two requirements are safety and convenience. The
common rule is that the deck space should be roughly equal to the water surface.
B.
All walk and deck areas shall completely encircle the pool, be ample in size, and
restricted to use of those attired for aquatic activities. The edge of the pool at the
junction of the runways should be rounded. The finish texture of the walks and
decks shall be smooth, easily cleanable, non-slip and comfortable to bare feet.
Carpeting, floor matting, and wooden walkways or other porous materials, which
interfere with cleaning or provide a place for bacteria and fungi to multiply, are
prohibited.
C.
All walks and decks shall be uniformly sloped at a grade of 1 to 40 away from the
swimming pool to deck drains. Deck drains shall not be connected to the recirculation system.
D.
Sidewalks and deck areas shall not be less than 8 feet (2.5 meters) wide at all
points and shall extend entirely around public pools. Semi-public pools shall a
deck and walkway of at least 5 feet (1.5 meters) wide at all points extending
entirely around the pool. For instructional outdoor pools, 20 feet (6 meters) in
10

E.

3.15

deck width is recommended around the pool in order to satisfy the total needs of
the aquatic program. Additional deck area is desirable for recreational
sunbathing.
A minimum unobstructed deck width of 5 feet (1.5 meters) shall be provided on
the sides and rear of any piece of diving equipment.

Hose Bibs:

Sufficient hose bibs of not less than inch, equipped with approved type back-flow preventors,
shall be provided for cleaning all of the pool area.
3.16

Lifeguard Chairs:

One lifeguard chair should be provided for each 2,000 sq. feet (185 sq. meters) of pool surface
area or fraction thereof. If a pool has a width of 40 feet (12 meters) or more and is provided with
more than one lifeguard stand, these stands should be located on each side of the pool.
3.17

Safety:
A.
At least one set of lifesaving equipment shall be provided consisting of:
(i)
One or more poles 15 feet (4.6 meters) long, having a shepherds crook
with an aperture of at least 18 inches (46 cm) between the tip of the hook
and the pole;
(ii)
Two or more flutter boards, and;
(iii) Two or more throwing rings having a minimum diameter of 18 inches (46
cm) equipped with 65 feet (20 m) of inch (.75 cm) line.
B.
A floating lifeline shall be provided at or near the break in grade between the
shallow and deep portions of the pool. It shall be least at in (2 cm) in diameter,
marked with colored floats, and shall be securely fastened to the pool walls with a
non-corrosive recessed connector.
C.
A telephone shall be provided adjacent to the pool area for emergency use.
D.
Pool rules must be posted detailing the requirements of the facility. They must be
in plain view and lettering must be clear, legible, and at least inch high.

3.18

Spectators Area
A.
There should be an absolute separation of the space used by spectators and that
used by bathers. There should be no means by which the bather can enter the
space reserved for the spectators or vice-versa. The spectator area must have a
separate entrance.
B.
Galleries for spectators shall not overhang any portion of the pool surface. The
floor of the gallery should be tightly constructed to prevent dirt from getting into
the pool area.

11

CHAPTER 4 - ADDITIONAL STANDARDS SPECIFIC FOR INDOOR

SWIMMING POOLS
4.1

Location:

Indoor pools should be located in an area that can be locked during periods of non-use.
4.2

Diving Boards:

At least 16 feet (5 m) of unobstructed headroom extending 8 feet (2.5 m) behind, 8 feet (2.5 m)
to each side, and 16 feet (5 m) ahead of the center of the front tip of the board is required.
4.3

Ventilation and Humidity Control:

A.

B.
C.

4.4

Heating:
A.

B.

4.5

The dressing room shall be provided with heating facilities that are capable of
maintaining a constant temperature level of between 70F and 75F (21C and
24 C).
The pool area shall be provided with heating facilities. For bather comfort, it is
generally recommended that the pool area temperature be maintained about 80F
(27C) for the general public and slightly lower temperatures for swim meets.

Acoustic Control:
A.
B.

4.6

Ventilation is important in indoor swimming pools since it provides humidity

control and spectator and swimmer comfort. Some authorities recommend at least
four complete air changes per hour in the pool enclosure when spectators are
present with the movement and velocity of air concentrated in the spectator area.
Excessive air movement around the swimmers should be avoided as it causes
rapid evaporation from the surface of the skin producing a chilling effect, even
though the room temperatures may be at a satisfactory level.
The humidity in a pool enclosure, if uncontrolled, may vary from 20 to 96%. A
relative humidity of 40 to 60 percent is generally recommended.
Ventilation and humidity control is required in the dressing room and equipment
room areas to maintain dry and odor free conditions.

Acoustic control is of vital importance in an indoor swimming pool as swimming

and diving activities generate considerable noise.
Some methods of acoustical control used in indoor swimming pools are acoustical
ceiling composed of moisture resistant materials, moisture resistant curtains and
drapes, and all panels of foam glass or waterproof gypsum.

Lighting:
A.
B.

In indoor pools, window or skylight areas should have an area of at least one-half
of the pool area, including runways.
Artificial illumination shall be designed to maintain a minimum of 15 (preferably
100) foot candles of illumination at deck level.
12

C.

All windows and lighting equipment must be placed in such a manner as to

prevent glare on the pool surface. Reflection or glare from the pool surface
hinders the ability of lifeguards or bathers to see into the pool.

13

CHAPTER 5 - ADDITIONAL STANDARDS SPECIFIC FOR WADING POOLS

5.1

Location:
A.
B.
C.

D.
5.2

Wading pools shall be in a separate enclosed area, physically set apart from the
beginning or shallow water areas of swimming pools.
Wading pools shall be located in an area that can be locked during periods of nonuse.
A fence or partition sufficiently high to prevent waders from entering the
swimming pool area shall separate wading pools. A gate or door capable of being
locked shall be installed in the fence or partition to allow pool maintenance
personnel to enter from the main pool.
The bathhouse shall be easily accessible to patrons of the wading pool.

Size:

Once the designed bather load is determined, 10-sq. ft. (1 sq. m) of surface area is required for
each child using the wading pool.
5.3

Bottom Slope and Depth:

A.
B.

Floors of the wading pools shall be uniformly sloped to drain with the maximum
slope of 1 to 12.
Wading pools shall have a maximum water depth of 24 inches (60 cm). The
water depth at the perimeter shall not exceed 18 inches (45 cm).

14

CHAPTER 6 - MINIMUM DESIGN STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC SPAS

6.1

Location:
A.
B.

6.2

Materials:
A.

B.

6.3

All materials used shall be non-toxic, durable, water proof, and easily cleaned.
The bottom and sides of spas shall be either white or light color, and aluminum
paint should not be used as a finish.
All external surfaces and edges of spas shall be smooth and free from cracks or
open joints so that they will not constitute a cutting, pinching, puncturing or
abrasion hazard or interfere in the cleaning operations.

Roofs and Canopies:

A.
B.

6.4

Spas shall be in a separate area physically set apart from the beginning or shallow
areas of swimming pools.
Spas shall be located in an area that can be locked during periods of non-use.

Roofs or canopies over spas shall be constructed so that moisture or condensation

from the roof or canopy shall not drain into the spa.
Roofs or canopies shall be constructed in such a manner so as not to create a
safety hazard, interfere in cleaning, or interfere in the use of the spa.

Bottom Slope:
The slope of the floor shall not be greater than 1 to 12.

6.5

Water Depth:
A.

B.
C.

6.6

The maximum water depth shall be 4-ft. (1.25 m) as measured from the water
line. Exceptions may be made for spas designed for special purposes such as
medical treatment and therapy.
The maximum depth of any seat or bench shall be 24 in. (60 cm) as measured
from the water line.
Spas shall be provided with approved type handholds or devices around their
entire perimeter in areas where the water depth exceeds 3 ft, 3 in (1 m).
Handholds shall be provided no further apart than 4-ft (1.25 m) and located no
higher than 9 in (.25 m) above the water line. A bull-nosed coping not over 2 in
(5 cm) thick for the outer 2 in (5 cm) and not higher than 9 in (.25 m) above the
normal operating water level shall be considered as an approved handhold.

Steps, Ladders, and Stepholes:

A.

Ladders or stairs shall be provided where spa depths are greater than 2-ft (.6 m)
and for each 50-ft (15 m) of perimeter to designate the point of entry and exit. All
step treads shall be of non-slip materials. Stepholes are not recommended for
spas; however, where used, they shall be of recessed type, self-draining into the
spa and easily cleanable.
15

B.
C.

6.7

All steps, ladders, or stepholes shall have a sturdy and easily visible handrail on
either side and at the top leading out over the walk area.
Seats or benches may be provided as part of the steps if they are at least 12 in (30
cm) wide and between 7 and 14 in (20 and 35 cm) in height.

Depth Markers:

All spas shall have a minimum of 2 permanent depth markers indicating the maximum water
depth. Depth markers shall be spaced at no more than 25-ft (7.5 m) intervals and shall be
uniformly located around the perimeter of the spa. The markers shall be placed on the pool wall,
at or above the water level and on the edge of the deck, be at least 4 in (10 cm) in height and of
contrasting color.
6.8

Decks and Walkways:

A.
B.

C.

D.

6.9

Sidewalks and deck areas not less than 4-ft (1.25 m) wide, not including the
coping, shall extend entirely around the spa.
Where the deck cannot be provided as specified in item A, a four foot wide deck
at the pool elevation must extend along at least 50% of the pool perimeter. The
remaining perimeter must be one foot or less to a wall, partition, or other effective
barrier to restrict access. The deck must provide complete and unobstructed
access to the steps in the pool.
Walks and decks shall have a slope of 1 to 40 away from the spa to deck drains.
Deck drains shall be installed in all decks and shall not be connected to the recirculation system.
The finish texture of the walks and decks shall be non-slip and comfortable to
bare feet. Carpeting, floor matting, wooden walkways, or other porous materials
which interfere with floor cleaning or provide a place for bacteria and fungi to
multiply are prohibited

Temperature Requirements:

The maximum temperature of the spa water shall be 104F (40C). A thermostatic control valve
shall be installed to insure the maximum temperature will not be exceeded.
6.10

Disinfectant Requirements:

The high temperatures associated with spas produce favorable conditions for the growth of
bacteria. A means of disinfecting the spa water shall be employed to provide a method for
maintaining a disinfecting residual in the spa water.

16

CHAPTER 7 - SPECIAL PURPOSE POOLS

7.1

General:
A.

B.

C.

Special purpose pools shall include, but not be limited to, wave pools, water slide
facilities, and water amusement lagoons. Competition pools are not considered
special purpose pools.
Special purpose pool projects require special consultation with the department in
order that consideration can be given to concepts of design variations and to areas
where potential problems may exist. Deviations from some of the requirements in
these regulations may be necessary. Therefore, the design engineer shall consult
with the department prior to preparation and submission of engineering plans and
specifications.
Where adequate standards do not exist and the minimum design standards in these
regulations do not provide sufficient guidelines for consideration of innovation in
design, construction, and operation of proposed swimming pools or water
recreation facilities, the department may develop and establish requirements
necessary to protect health, safety, and well being of the patrons of such facilities.

17

CHAPTER 8 - EQUIPMENT REQUIRMENTS

8.1

Pumping Equipment:
A.

B.

8.2

Rate of Flow Indicators:

A.

B.
C.

8.3

Adequate pumping equipment shall be provided. The pumps shall have sufficient
capacity to:
(i)
provide for the required turnover of the pool against maximum head;
(ii)
provide adequate backwashing of filters and;
(iii) develop the necessary suction required for cleaning when suction cleaners
are connected to the re-circulation system.
If the re-circulation pump is used for sand filter backwashing, it should be of
sufficient size to provide 15 gallons of water per square foot per minute (5.25
liters) for one of the filter units. The above mentioned minimum condition can
usually be met when three or more filter units are provided. In small pools where
there are less than three filters, a separate wash pump capable of supplying 15
gallons per square foot per minute for one filter unit must be provided.

A rate-of-flow indicator capable of measuring at least 1 times the design flow

rate shall be installed on the pump discharge line leading to the filters. The
indicator shall be calibrated to read in gallons per minute and capable of
measuring water for filtration and backwash.
Where vacuum type filters are used, the flow indicator shall be installed in the
filter effluent line.
Where more than one pool is served by a filter system, a rate of flow indicator
shall be installed on the return line to each pool.

Hair and Lint Catcher:

A hair and lint catcher of acceptable design shall be provided before the pumps and filters on all
re-circulation systems.
8.4

Water Supply:
A.

B.

8.5

The water supply serving all types of pools shall meet the requirements of the
North Dakota State Department of Health for potable water. The state health
officer may approve the use of water from natural sources when special water
treatment is provided.
All portions of the potable water supply serving the pool and auxiliary facilities
shall be protected against backflow by an air gap, an approved type backflow
preventor, or other approved means.

Inlets:
A.
B.

The return of water inlets should be of adjustable flow construction and arranged
so that even distribution of water is provided.
All inlets should discharge at a depth of 12 to 18 inches (30 to 40 cm) below
overflow level to prevent loss of disinfectant. The maximum flow rates through
various sized inlet branches should not be more than listed below:
18

Inlet Size (inches)

1
Flow Rate (gpm)
10
Flow Rate (liter/min) 40
C.

1
20
75

1
30
115

2
50
190

Inlets for swimming pools shall be placed at intervals not to exceed 20-ft (6 m)
around the entire pool perimeter. To eliminate dead spots an inlet shall be
located in each recessed stairway and no more than 10-ft (3 m) from each corner
of the pool. In any case, an adequate number of inlets shall be provided and
properly spaced to accomplish complete re-circulation and the maintenance of a
uniform and adequate sterilizing residual.
Inlets for spas and wading pools shall be placed at intervals not to exceed 10-ft (3
m) around the entire perimeter as well as in all recessed stairways. Additional
inlets may be desired for increased swirling water actions needed for medical
treatment or therapy. In any case, an adequate number of inlets shall be provided
and properly spaced to accomplish complete re-circulation and the maintenance of
a uniform and adequate sterilizing residual.

8.6

Main Drain:
A.

B.

C.

D.

8.7

The main drain outlet system must be located in the deepest section of the pool or
spa and should be provided with more than one outlet. These outlets should be no
farther apart than 20-ft (6 m) on center and no closer than 10-ft (3 m) from the
side of the walls except in spas. They also shall not be closure than 3-ft on center
to each other.
All drain covers must be of the anti-vortex type, sized, and designed to meet
VGBA standards to preclude blocking by a bather. Anti-vortex type outlets may
have entrance velocities of up to 5 ft/sec (1.5 m/sec).
The main drains shall be capable of continuously removing 100% of the recirculated water and returning it to the filters. The piping to the main drains shall
have the necessary valves to permit draining or pumping of the pool water to the
sanitary sewer system.
All pools and spas with only one drain, and less than 29 inches in diameter, must
also have an automatic pump shut off system with the shut off buttons located
within 10-ft of the spa and pool and clearly marked, or a pressure relief system
that is VGBA compliant.

Re-circulation System:
A.

B.

C.

The re-circulation system must have adequate filtration and pumping capacity to
provide one complete turnover of the pool water every 6 hours for swimming
pools; 1 hour for wading pools; and 30 minutes for spa type pools with the
capability of maintaining a turbidity of less than 0.5 NTU at all times.
The re-circulation system shall consist of pumps, hair and lint catchers and filters,
and all necessary pipe connections to the inlets and outlets of the pool and backwashing filters. As an integral part of the system, equipment shall be provided for
disinfecting the water and adding any necessary chemicals and makeup water.
All filter piping shall be installed to permit re-circulation of water from the
effluent back to the influent for chemical cleaning of the filter.
19

D.
E.

F.

G.

8.8

The re-circulation piping and fittings shall be of non-toxic material, resistant to

corrosion and able to withstand operating pressures.
The re-circulation system must be fully protected against damage due to freezing.
All piping around the pool shall be sloped for adequate drainage and supported at
sufficiently close intervals to that sagging between supports will not trap water.
Provisions shall be made for expansion and contraction of pipes by means of
swing joints or other means as required.
All pumps and equipment shall be designed and fabricated to drain completely,
together with exposed face piping, by removal of drain plugs and manipulating
winter drain valves or other methods.
Velocity of flow in all piping in the re-circulation system shall not exceed 5ft/second (1.5 m/sec). Slightly higher velocities are permissible with larger than 6
in. piping.

Suction Cleaners:

Suction cleaners. Either portable types or as part of the permanent piping system are required.
8.9

Overflow Collection Systems:

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

An overflow collection system, or other satisfactory overflow device approved by

the State Department of Health, shall be installed in all pools. They shall be
designed and constructed so that the level of the pool is maintained at the
operating level of the rim at all times.
Overflow System: Rim type overflow systems, where used, shall extend around
the perimeter of the pool. The system shall be capable of continuously removing
100% of the re-circulated water and returning it to the filters. The overflow
system shall have sufficient openings and be of such design as to permit
mechanical cleaning. A raised edge will serve as handholds for the bathers and
protect the skimmings from being washed out by sudden surges of water.
The use of integral skimming weirs as part of rim type overflow systems is not
recommended. Whenever skimming weirs are to be installed as part of a rim type
overflow system, the system design shall be based on the surface area
requirements for surface skimmer systems.
Surge Capacity: All overflow systems shall be connected to the re-circulation
system through a properly designed surge device capable of rapidly removing
overflow water caused by re-circulation displacement, wave action, or other
causes produced from the maximum pool bathing load.
The surge capacity of the re-circulation system should not be less than gallon
per square foot (20 liters/sq. meter) of pool surface area. Increase the surge
capacity to not less than 1 gallon per square foot (40-l/sq. m.) of surface area for
pools subject to heaving bathing loads.
Surface skimmers, when approved by the Department for a specific installation,
may be used instead of an overflow gutter. The skimmers are set in the pool walls
at water level and are connected to the suction side of the circulation pump. The
four principal features of the device are: floating weir, strainer basket, equalizer
line to prevent air lock in the pump suction line, and a means of regulating the
rate of flow through the skimmer.
Standards for automatic skimmers:
20

(i)

H.

8.10

Therapy or Jet System:

A.
B.
C.

8.11

A minimum of one skimmer shall be provided for each 500 sq. ft (45
square meters) of surface area for swimming pools, each 100 sq. ft (9 m)
for wading pools, and 100 sq. ft (4.5 m) for spa type pools. They shall be
spaced at uniform intervals around the perimeter of the pool with
consideration given to prevailing water. Additional skimmers will be
required for pools of irregular slope to prevent short-circuiting of the recirculated water.
(ii)
The skimmer should be of the type that is recessed into the pool side wall
with an automatic adjusting skimming weir that is adjustable over a range
of 4 inches (10 cm). The effective weir width of the skimmer should not
be less than 7 in (20 cm). The skimmer should be provided with an
automatic bypass or equalizer line, which is at least 2 in (5 cm), below the
lower lip of the skimmer opening. An easily removable and cleanable
basket or screen through which all over-flow water must pass shall be
provided to trap large solids.
(iii) Piping for skimmers should be designed for capacity of at least 100% of
the required flow through the re-circulation system, but in no case should
it be less than 30 gpm (110 lpm).
Whenever surface skimmers are used, approved type handholds or devices shall
be provided completely around the perimeter of the pool. Such handholds or
devices shall not be more than 9 in (23 cm) above the normal operating water
level. A bull-nosed coping not over 2 in (6 cm) thick for the outer 2 in (5 cm)
and not higher than 9 in (23 cm) above the normal operating water level shall
considered an approved handhold.

An air induction system, when provided, shall totally prevent water back up that
could cause electrical shock hazards.
Air intakes for air induction systems shall not induce contaminants (such as deck
water, dirt, etc.) in the spa.
The return lines of spa type therapy or jet systems shall be independent of the recirculation-filtration and heating systems.

Filtration Equipment:
A.

Suspended matter in pool water shall be removed by means of adequate filtration

equipment, consisting of pressure or gravity filters designed and operated as
provided herein. Recommended maximum allowable filtration rates are as
follows:

Type
High-rate Sand Filter
Sand Filter
Pressure Diatomite Filter*
Vacuum Diatomite Filter*
Cartridge Filters

Gallons/minute/square ft
of filter area
10.0
2.0-3.0
0.5-3.0
0.5-3.0
0.375
21

Liters/minute/square
meter of filter area
3.5
0.7-1.0
0.2-1.0
0.2-0.9
0.132

*Depending on type equipment used

B.

Gravity Sand Filters: The gravity filters should be provided with the following:
(i)
Rate of flow controls on each gravity filter.
(ii)
Freeboard of 18 to 24 in (45 to 60 cm) from the surface of the filter bed to
the top of the overflow troughs.
(iii) An overflow drain to prevent the water from rising above the walls of the
filter.
(iv)
A curb around the filter to prevent floor washings from entering the filter.
(v)
Sufficient head room to permit inspection, operations, and maintenance
where the filter is covered by a super-structure.

C.

Pressure Sand Filters: Pressure sand filter systems shall be provided with the
following:
(i)
Gauges on each filter unit on the inlet and outlet pipe to determine loss of
head in the filter medium.
(ii)
Air release with a manual control on the highest point of each filter.
(iii) A readily removable head or manhole with sufficient working space to
facilitate inspection and repair.
(iv)
A sight glass installed on the waste discharge line so the operator may
watch the progress of filter washing.
(v)
Freeboard of 18 in (45 cm) between the surface of the filter material and
the overflow troughs.
(vi)
Filter piping arrangement should be as simples as possible to accomplish
filtration, back washing, and filter to waste.
(vii) The filter piping shall be installed with a re-circulating line to permit recirculation of the water from the effluent side of the filter back to the
influent side for chemical cleaning of the filter media.
(viii) The re-circulation line shall be the size of the main return piping to
create a head loss equal to the loss in the main return piping. If an
extremely long re-circulation line is required, increase the size of the line
by one pipe size. The circulation pump should then operate at near normal
flow rate and head loss.
High Rate Sand Filters: High rate sand filters are designed to operate and backwash at filter flow rates from 15 to 20 gpm/sq. ft (5.25 to 7.0 lpm/sq. m) of
surface area. Filtration is accomplished in depth, thereby, increasing the dirt
holding capacity of the sand.

D.

All high rate sand filters shall comply in all respects with the standards of the
National Sanitation Foundation covering such filters.
E.

Diatomaceous Earth Filters: Filtration through a layer or mat of filter air material
such as diatomaceous earth deposited on porous tubes or other type filter elements
is a satisfactory method of water clarification. Diatomite filters require much less
space than sand filters and the initial cost of installation is usually less than the
cost of sand filter installation. On the other hand, diatomite filters probably are
more expensive to operate than sand filters due to the cost of replacement
diatomaceous earth.

22

There are two types of diatomite filters. One is a vacuum type connected to the
suction side of the circulation pump. The other is a pressure type connected to the
discharge side of the circulation pump. High rate filtration can be obtained with
diatomite filters, but it requires backwashing and recharge at frequent intervals. It
is not practical to design a diatomite filter with a filtration rate greater than 3
gal./sq. ft./min (1 liter/sq. m/minute) and higher rates would not be approved. The
following special requirements must be satisfied in a diatomaceous earth
filtration:
(i)
Slurry feeding equipment to provide for continuous application at an
accurate and uniform rate of filter aid material into the filter influent line.
This equipment should have a capacity to feed not less than 0.1 lb. of
diatomaceous earth/sq. foot of filter area (5 gm/sq. m.) over a 24-hour
period.
(ii)
Pressure gauges installed on both the influent and effluent side of each
filter unit.
(iii) Air release with manual control on the highest point of each pressure
filter.
(iv)
Sufficient room must be provided to permit inspection and repair.
(v)
Filter piping arrangement should be as simple as possible to accomplish
filtration, back washing, and filter to waste.
(vi)
The filter piping shall be installed with a re-circulation link to permit recirculation of the water from the effluent side of the filter back to the
influent side until a satisfactory clear filter effluent is produced prior to
admitting the water into the pool.
(vii) The re-circulation line shall be one-half the size of the main return piping
to create a head loss equal to the loss in the main return piping. If an
extremely long re-circulation line is required, increase the size of the line
by one pipe size. The circulation pump should then operate at or near the
normal flow rate and head loss.
All diatomite type filters shall comply in all respects with the standards of the
National Sanitation Foundation covering such filters.
F.

Cartridge Filters: In cartridge filters, filtration is accomplished through

disposable fiber filter elements. Backwashing of cartridge filters is normally
accomplished by removing the filter elements and spraying with water until clean.
Once the filter elements are damaged or they can no longer be satisfactorily
cleaned, they are disposed of and are replaced with new elements. Some of the
unique merits of the cartridge filter are the long filtration cycle, the high filtration
capacity and the infrequent backwashing requirement.
Although initial
installation costs may be less than any other type of filter, the operational costs
may be somewhat higher.
Cartridge filters shall be of the type that uses filter elements, which can be
cleaned several times before disposal. Cartridge filter systems shall be provided
with the following:
(i)
One complete set of replacement cartridge filter elements shall be
provided with each installation.
(ii)
Pressure gauges shall be installed on both the influent and effluent side of
each filter unit.
23

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Air release with a manual control on the highest point of each pressure
type filter.
Sufficient room must be provided to permit inspection and repair.
Cartridge filters should be cleaned and replaced according to
manufacturers recommendations.

All cartridge type filters shall comply in all respects with the standards of the
National Sanitation Foundation covering such filters.
8.12

Makeup Waters:
A.

B.

C.

8.13

Chemical Feeders:
A.

B.

8.14

Where pressure filters are used, a convenient method of adding makeup water is
by a makeup tank, which is supplied by a floating controlled feeder main. To
avoid cross-connection between the pool water and drinking water, the feeder
main must be located a distance equal to twice the diameter of the main above the
high water level of the makeup tank. In others, the pump takes direct suction
from the pool drains with a branch connection to the makeup tank.
The makeup water may also be applied directly to the pool by means of a fill
spout. Such connections are usually manually operated and located beneath the
diving board. The feeder main must be located above the maximum water level
of the pool as described above for the makeup tank.
Makeup water for pools having vacuumed type diatomite filters can be added
directly to the filters as long as there is no cross-connection.

Provision should be made for addition of coagulants ahead of sand filters.

Machines of the positive displacement type, or other type by which a predetermined amount of chemical can be accurately applied, are definitely superior
to pot type feeders. Preferably, these chemicals should be applied on the suction
side of the pumps.
All re-circulation systems shall include a feeder for the introduction of soda or
other materials to control the pH of the water. In the small pools, adding the
chemicals manually can effectively control the pH. Solution pots are not
approved. Positive feed chemical machines are preferred.

Testing Equipment:

Every pool shall be provided with approved testing equipment for determination of disinfection
residuals (Cl) and hydrogen ion (pH) concentration. The disinfectant residual tester shall have a
range between at least 0.0 and 3.0 milligrams per liter. The hydrogen ion tester shall be able to
indicate the pH between 6.8 and 9.0.
8.15

Disinfection:
A.

Equipment must be provided to continually disinfect the pool at all times. The
most common means of pool disinfection is through the application of chlorine;
but other elements in the halogen group, bromine or iodine, have been
successfully used in swimming pools.
24

B.

8.16

The equipment feeding chlorine must be capable of delivering 1 lb. of chlorine

per day per 3,000 gal. of water in the pool (1 kg/25,000 liter)

Chlorinator Housing:
A.

B.

C.
D.
E.
F.
G.

The gas chlorinator and all appurtenances shall be in a separate reasonably gastight, corrosion resistant, fire resistant, and mechanically vented enclosure or
room. The room shall be at ground level to permit easy access to all equipment.
The door of the room shall open to the outside and shall not open to the
swimming pool or equipment room area.
All chlorine rooms shall be equipped with an exhaust fan capable of one or more
air exchanges per minute. The fan shall be made of corrosion resistant materials
and be located at floor level or equipped with an intake extending to near floor
level exhausting to the atmosphere in an unrestricted area. Fresh air intake
louvers near the top of the enclosure are required.
A clear glass window shall be installed in the door or wall of all chlorinator rooms
to permit the chlorinator to be viewed without entering the room.
Electrical switches for the control of artificial lighting and ventilation shall be
located on the outside of the enclosure adjacent to the door.
Scales shall be provided for weighing chlorine cylinders.
Safety chains shall be provided for securing the chlorine cylinders.
At installations using chlorine gas consideration shall be given to the use of
oxygen supply and air pack equipment.

25

26

L.

A chlorine institute approved safety kit is recommended for all swimming pool
facilities using chlorine gas.

8.17

Lighting Requirements:
A.
B.

C.

8.18

Electrical Requirements:
A.
B.

8.19

A complete system of artificial lighting shall be provided for all pools,

bathhouses, and dressing rooms, which are to be used at night.
Lighting installed beneath the pool water surface provides a means of supervising
the safety aspects of swimming as well as creating an attractive swimming site.
These lights must be carefully protected against short circuits. The following
suggested minimum standards shall be used in choosing underwater lights:
(i)
Not less than 0.5 watts/sq. ft. of pool area is suggested standard for pools
under 800 sq. ft. and larger.
(ii)
Not less than 1 watt/sq. ft. of pool area is a suggested standard for pools
with a surface area of 800-sq. ft. and larger.
(iii) For competition pools, not less than 2 watts/sq. ft. of surface area is
recommended as a standard especially at the start/finish end of lanes.
Underwater lights should not be placed in the end walls of the pool where
competitive swimming is contemplated.
(iv)
In diving areas to 12-ft. in depth, a sizing of 2 watts/sq. ft. of surface area
is recommended and 3 watts/sq. ft. of surface area is recommended where
diving area depths exceed 12-ft.
Adequate lighting in the pool area is a necessary safety requirement for successful
night use of pool facilities. Area lighting shall provide at least 0.6 watt/sq. ft. of
pool and deck area.

No electrical wiring for power or lighting shall be permitted to pass overhead

within 20-ft. of the pool enclosure.
The entire electrical installation must meet the requirements of the State Electrical
Board or shall conform with Article No. 680 of the National Fire Protection
Association

Pool Water Heaters:

Many pools are being equipped with pool water heaters to increase swimmer comfort and to
extend the swimming season. Pool heaters are installed on a bypass line on the discharge side of
the filtration system. A heater capacity from 7 to 10 BTU/hour/gal. of water is a common
standard.

27

CHAPTER 9 - BATHHOUSE REQUIREMENTS

9.1

General Location:

The bathhouse should protect the pool area from prevailing winds and should be located to
provide entrance to the pool area near the shallow end of the pool only.
9.2

Bathhouse Size:
A.
B.

C.

9.3

Floors:
A.

B.

9.4

Floors should be of smooth, non-slip, and impervious construction and sloped to

drains at a 1 to 40 slope. Adequate floor drains shall be installed in all areas
subject to water accumulation.
Carpeting, floor matting, wooden walkways, or other porous materials, which
interfere with floor cleaning or provide a place for bacteria and fungi to multiply,
are prohibited. Paint, when used as a floor covering, should be mixed with an
abrasive or should be applied in such a manner as to increase the non-slip
characteristics.

Dressing Room Booths and Furnishings:

A.

B.

9.5

The bathhouse facilities, including lobby, basket storage, dressing rooms, and
toilet facilities, should occupy an area about one-third that of the pool.
The dressing rooms should provide an area of 3.5 sq. feet (.325 sq. m) for men
and 7.0 sq. feet (.65 sq. m) for women. Since normal attendance at a public pool
is two men to each woman, equal areas can be provided. A general size for both
dressing rooms is about one-fifth the area of the pool.
Sufficient area shall be allowed for clothing storage. When using bag type
storage, an area of 0.75 sq. feet may be provided for each patron when a 2-row
high system is used. Additional area that will provide work aisles of at least 1
to 2 feet should also be included. If many of the pool patrons are children, wire
basket type storage facilities will suffice. A combination of both types of storage
facilities might prove valuable.

Dressing booths, equipped with doors and curtains, shall be provided in the
female dressing area. This condition may be subject to variation for schools and
other institutional facilities.
Dressing booths shall be of simple design, constructed on impervious and smooth
materials that will permit hose cleaning. Partitions in booths should terminate 6
inches above the floor.

Showers:
A.
B.

Shower rooms shall be located adjacent to the dressing rooms and shall not be
used as hallways between dressing rooms and pools.
One showerhead should be provided for each 40 swimmers expected at maximum
pool load.

28

C.

D.

9.6

Warm water shall be provided at all showerheads. The water heater and
thermostatic mixing valve shall be inaccessible to the bathers and be capable of
supplying 2 gallons per minute of 90F water to each shower head.
Shower booths, equipped with doors or curtains, shall be provided in the female
dressing room.

Lavatories:

One lavatory with hot and cold water should be provided for each 60 patrons.
9.7

Soap Dispensers:

Soap dispensers shall be provided for each lavatory and between each pair of showerheads.
9.8

Toilet Facilities (Based on maximum pool loading):

A.
B.

9.9

Ventilation and Lighting:

A.

B.

9.10

Natural and/or artificial ventilation will do much toward the maintenance of

acceptable conditions in the dressing rooms. Open roof construction is a desirable
feature.
A minimum lighting level of 10-foot candles at a point 3 feet from the floor
should be available during both day and night.

Water Supply:
A.
B.

9.11

One water closet and urinal should be provided for each 60 men.
One water closet should be provided for each 40 women. Female urinals, if
provided, may be used in the same proportion.

Angle jet or other approved type drinking fountains should be provided for the
pool and bathhouse.
Hose bib connections of inch minimum size equipped with backflow
prevention devices should be provided for area cleanup.

Wastewater:

Piping carrying wastewater from swimming or wading pools including pool drainage, backwash
from filters, and water from overflow systems or floor drains which serve walks around pools,
shall be installed as an indirect waste line, utilizing any existing circulation pump, if necessary,
when indirect waste line is below sewer grade.
9.12

Plumbing Code:
A.

All piping and plumbing shall be installed in compliance with the requirements of
the North Dakota State Plumbing Codes.

29

9.13

Facilities for the Handicapped:

All swimming pools, spas, and bathhouses serving the public shall be designed to be accessible
to and usable by the physically handicapped as required by law. Refer to the North Dakota State
Century Code under 48-02-19 and 23-13-13.

30

CHAPTER 10 - NATURAL BATHING PLACES

10.1

General:
A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

The use of small streams, damned up pools along small streams, or small ponds
by large numbers of bathers is not generally recommended. Streams and rivers
are continuously contaminated by discharges from sewage disposal systems,
cesspools, barnyard waste, and surface drainage. Mud bottoms are common
which add considerable turbidity to the water, restricting underwater visibility.
Streams and ponds must be considered a safety as well as a health hazard.
Small ponds are considered a health hazard because of the small amount of
diluting water available. Many authorities are of the opinion that at least 500
gallons of water per bather per day should be available unless chlorination or
other disinfection is maintained. Ponds should not be used for public swimming
if the surface area is less than 2 acres, or if they contain less than 5,000,000
gallons of water.
Alga growths create considerable problems in natural bathing areas. Algae give
the water an unpleasant appearance, may cause disagreeable odors, and create a
turbid condition. Treatment of large water areas with copper sulfate is not
practical.
Unless the water is being chlorinated, no insurance of the safety of the water for
swimming can be made. While the bacterial analysis is a helpful guide, it may be
of little value in giving a definite opinion as to the freedom of the water from
contamination.
The department discourages development of natural bathing areas because of the
numerous problems of safety and health encountered.

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CHAPTER 11 - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

11.1

General:
A.

B.

An operation and maintenance manual shall be prepared for all public pools and
spas. The operation and maintenance manual shall be submitted to the
Department for review and approval prior to the opening of the pool or spa to the
public.
Operation and maintenance manuals shall be bound and an approved manual shall
be given to the pool owner prior to the opening of the pool or spa to the public.

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APPENDIX A
SUGGESTED OUTLINE/REVIEW SHEET FOR AN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
MANUAL
I.

Introduction
General Information
*Names and addresses of people to contact in case of trouble
Instructions for use of Operation and Maintenance manual
Operational and Managerial Responsibilities
Pool Layout and Equipment Description
*General description of equipment
*Design criteria
*Theory of operation

II.

Rules and Regulations

State Regulations
*Sampling requirements
*Reporting requirements
*Statement requiring departmental approval of additions or modifications
to the pool facilities
Local Regulations
*Permits and/or licenses
*Sampling requirements
*Reporting requirements

III.

Description, Operation, and Controls of the Pool Equipment

General
Filtration Equipment
Pumps
Chemical Feeders
Chlorination Equipment
Pool Heater
Flow Metering and Control

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IV.

Water Sampling and Testing

General
Testing Required
*Chlorine
*pH
*Bacteriological
*Others
Laboratory Records
Interpretation of Results

V.

Record Keeping
General
Record Keeping
Types of Records
*Operational records
*Laboratory records
*Maintenance records
*Financial records
*Personnel records
*Emergency condition records
*Reports to/from governmental agencies

VI.

Maintenance
General
Housekeeping
*Public health requirements
*Painting
*Yard work
*General cleaning
Equipment
*Basic maintenance
*Cleaning
*Lubrication

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VII.

Safety
General
*Responsibility for safety
*Emergency information and assistance
Safety
*Safety and education programs
*Visual reminders
*Safety information sources
Mechanical Equipment Hazards
*Housekeeping
*Working with mechanical equipment
*Tools
Electrical Hazards
*General precautions
*Work procedures
*First aid for electrical shock
Chemical Hazards
*Health hazards
*Storage and handling
*Safety precautions
*Handling chlorine leaks
*First aid information
*Additional information

35

APPENDIX B
INJECTOR LOCATION FOR VACUUM OPERATED GAS CHLORINATORS
Most vacuum operated gas chlorinator problems encountered at swimming pools throughout the
state have been due to improper location of the injector, resulting in insufficient water pressure to
develop the necessary vacuum for adequate chlorine flow. The point of chlorine injection on a
swimming pool filter re-circulation line should be carefully chosen so that the water pressure at
this point is as low as possible. The ejector uses a water jet to create a vacuum and will work
satisfactorily only if there is enough pressure on the water supply to the nozzle to create a strong
jet action.
Experience in North Dakota has shown that adequate pressure for operation of the chlorine
injector may be obtained by installing the injector on the suction side of the re-circulation pump
and connecting the injector water supply to the pressure side of the re-circulation pump. The
pressure differential developed across the pump is more than adequate for proper operation of the
gas chlorinator.

36

APPENDIX C
ENCLOSURE FOR SWIMMING POOL CHLORINATORS
Elemental chlorine is the most common material used for the disinfection of swimming pool
waters. In all public pools elemental chlorine shall be supplied by means of a vacuum operated
gas chlorinator of the fail-safe type, which provides automatic shut off of the gas in case of water
pressure failure or a leak or break in the chlorine piping.
The chlorine cylinders, chlorinator and all appurtenances shall be located in a separate
reasonably gas tight and vented enclosure or room. The room shall be at ground level to permit
easy access to all equipment. The door of the room shall open to the outside and shall not open
toward the swimming pool or equipment area. The enclosure may be constructed of metal,
concrete block, or other fire resistant material.
A fresh air intake vent shall be installed near the top of the enclosure. An exhaust fan shall be
installed. The fan should be equipped with an intake duct extending to near floor level and the
air should be exhausted to an outside area where chlorine gas will not create a health hazard.
The exhaust fan shall be capable of one or more air changes per minute.
A window of at least 18 inches shall be provided so the operation of the equipment may be
observed at all times without entering the enclosure. Electrical switches for the control of
lightening and ventilation shall be located on the outside of the enclosure adjacent to the door.
Please note the following:
1. The chlorine cylinders shall be secured to the enclosure wall with a safety chain to prevent
tipping.
2. The chlorine cylinder-operating valve shall be opened no more than one-quarter to one-half
turn.
3. The special wrench for operation of the chlorine cylinder valves shall be attached to the
operating stem of the valve at all times.
4. A platform scale shall be supplied for weighing the chlorine cylinder. This is the only way
that the operator can determine the amount of chlorine consumed during a 24-hour period.
5. An approved air pack shall be provided, mounted outside the chlorine compartment.
6. A bottle of ammonium hydroxide shall be available for checking for chlorine leaks.
7. A chlorine cylinder repair kit should be available for emergency use.
A typical gas chlorinator housing is illustrated on page 21A. The dimensions may be varied to
fit the requirements of individual swimming pool facilities.

37