B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC V THC PHM

GVHD: NGUYN NG M DUYN

SVTH:
Nguyn Vit Em
10116011
Nguyn Th Hng
10116022
o Th Kim Ngn
10116039
Nguyn Thanh Phng
10116048
Hunh Vn Tin
10116072
Nguyn Th Ngc Trm
101160

Mc lc
Contents

Polyphosphate
I. GII THIU CHUNG V POLYPHOSPATE..................4
1.1. Khi nim polyphosphate................................................4
1.2. Tnh cht[2]........................................................................5
1.3. Cng dng[3]......................................................................6
II. PHN LOI POLYPHOSPHATE......................................7
2.1. Phn loi theo cng thc cu to....................................7
2.2. Theo s loi polyphosphat c trong sn phm............10
III.
MT S NG DNG IN HNH CA
POLYPHOSPHATE................................................................11
3.1.
Tnh hnh s dng polyphosphate trong ch bin thc
phm hin nay[6]........................................................................11
3.2. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht..............12
3.2.1.
Cng dng ca polyphosphate trong cng ngh
ch bin tht..............................................................................13
3.2.2. Cc tiu ch chn polyphosphate trong cng ngh
ch bin tht..............................................................................14
3.2.3.
Mt s loi polyphosphate phi trn dng trong
ch bin tht..............................................................................15
3.2.4. Mt s sn phm t tht c dng polyphosphate......15
3.3. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin thy sn.....16
3.4. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut m n lin...17
3.5. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut sa..............18
3.5.1 i vi cng ngh sn xut b.......................................19
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Polyphosphate
3.5.2 i vi cng ngh sn xut kem....................................19
3.5.3 i vi cng ngh sn xut pho-mt.............................20
IV.
PHNG PHP NH LNG
POLYPHOSPHATE TRONG CC SN PHM THY HI
SN:[7] 21
4.1. Phm vi p dng.............................................................21
4.2. Phng php tham chiu..............................................21
4.3. Nguyn tc......................................................................22
4.4. Phng php tin hnh.................................................22
4.4.1. Chun b mu th.........................................................22
4.4.2. Chun b mu trng.....................................................22
4.4.3. Lm sch dch chit......................................................22
4.4.4. Tin hnh phn tch trn my sc k ion....................23
4.4.5. Yu cu v tin cy ca php phn tch....................24
4.5. Tnh kt qu....................................................................24
V. SO SNH POLYPHOSPHATE VI CC MT S
CHT TNG T.................................................................25

LI M U

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Polyphosphate
Cu c sng hi n ai nn oi hoi nhng ap ng tt hn cho cac nhu cu cua con ngi. Bn canh
nhu cu c n no, m c m, cu c sng thoai mai,thi con ngi con co nhu cu c n
ngon, n y u cht dinh dng co sc khoe tt. Vi th cng ngh ch bin thc phm ngy
cng phat trin manh me, gop phn ap ng nhu cu n ung cho con ngi.
Vi cu c sng hi ha ngy nay thi thc phm khng chi oi hoi v cung cp y u cht dinh
dng m con phai tit ki m thi gian ch bin,san phm bao quan c lu,an ton v sinh v
ap ng yu cu v cht lng.
Vi th ap ng c nhu cu o, nhiu cng ty ch bin thc phm s dng cac cht ph
them vo thc phm. Trong co mt ph gia ang ang s dung ph bin hin nay l
polyphosphate. Polyphosphote l ph gia co rt nhiu cng dng trong san xut hin nay v no
cng l ph gia nm trong danh mc cho php vi nhng liu lng nht nh.
nm r hn v cht ph gia polyphosphate thi ti tiu lun cua nhom em se xin lm r
phn no v nhng c tnh l hoa, u nhc im v cng dng cng nh cach u ch
polyphosphate.

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Polyphosphate
I.
I.1.

GII THIU CHUNG V POLYPHOSPATE

Khi nim polyphosphate
Polyphosphate (hay con gi l bt Accord) y l 1 loai ph gia an ton v

c dng trong ch bin thc phm. Vit Nam no c dng thay th hn

the.

Polyphosphate (PolyPs) c hinh thnh theo chun tip chung l

M(n+2)PnO(3n+1). Cac anion cua no tao thnh mt chui m trong o mi nguyn t
cua nguyn t phosphorus lin kt vi phn t k cn thng qua hai nguyn t cua
nguyn t oxygen. Do o, polyphosphate tao thnh mt cu trc khng phn
nhanh, co th biu din di dang biu trong hinh di y[1].

Hnh: Minh ha cu trc ca polyphosphate, hai tiu n v trong cu trc

polyphosphate lin kt vi nhau bng nguyn t ca nguyn t oxygen.
Khng phai hp cht polyphosphate no cng co th tn tai dang tinh th.
L do m mui Graham (mui polyphosphate cua Natri khi n khoang 10 2) khng
th kt tinh c l vi cu trc ny lun co s tn tai cua nhiu chui
polyphosphate chi khac nhau di. Hn na, di cac chui polyphosphate
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Polyphosphate
gn bng nhau cua chng khin s kt tinh cng kho co th xay ra bi vi s ko
di chui khng thun li v mt nng lng do cac chui co th thay th ln
nhau v trt t khi qua trinh kt tinh hoa xay ra. Ngoi ra, yu t anh hng n
di ti a m cac hp cht polyphosphate co kha nng kt tinh o l s tng
phn cc cua phn t.

I.2.

Tnh cht[2]
Tt ca mui kim cua polyphosphate u tan trong nc trong o kali

pyrophosphate tan rt nhiu, 100 g nc co th hoa tan n 187.4 g K 4P2O7. Tuy

nhin, nhom mui Kurrol v Maddrell (ai tinh th phn t natri polyphosphate)
lai khng tan trong nc, ring nhom mui Kurrol tan c trong dung dch mui
kim hoa tr I (tr mui cua K+).
Cac polyphosphate n nh trong dung dch nc trung tnh hn cac
phosphate phn nhanh nhit phong. S thuy phn cua lin kt P-O-P trong
chui polyphosphate oi hoi n 10 kcal/mol.
Cac polyphosphate thuy phn rt chm pH trung tnh v nhit phong
vi thi gian ban huy cua lin kt P-O-P ln ti vi nm.

Hnh: M

ta s thuy phn co qui lut cua

polyphosphate
Kha

nng

thuy phn cua hai loai hp cht

ny se tng ln khi tng nhit , giam pH hoc cho thm cac cht keo hay cac
cation nng vo dung dch. Cac nghin cu chi ra rng cac hp cht polyphosphate
thuy phn tun theo quy lut nhit ng, san phm thng l mt phn t
orthophosphate v mt cyclicphosphate. Vo nm 1958, Van Wazer chng
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Polyphosphate
minh c rng kha nng thuy phn cac hp cht ny ph thuc vo s phn cc
cua dung mi.

I.3.

Cng dng[3]

Co tac dng lm cho thnh phm dai v gion, c dng trong cac mon
nh: gio, cha, nem nng, ...

Cc tc dng tt ca Polyphosphate:
Polyphosphates c s dng nh mt ph gia: cht n nh, cht
lm ng, v cht nh hoa.
Tao phc vi ion kim loai.
Kha nng gi nc.
n nh nh tng.
Gy n.
Dng lm dung dch m.
Cc tc dng xu ca Polyphosphate (nu s dng qu liu lng):
Lm cho san phm co cu trc nh cao su.
Hm lng polyphosphates >0.3 gy v chat.
Lm cho san phm co v tanh ng, co cam giac nga li.
Hm lng ln anh hng n sc kho: au bng, tiu chay.
Lu dng cho php:
o Chi s dng 3g/ 1kg tht.
o Vit Nam, theo quyt nh s 760-2000-B Thu san cho php s
dng polyphosphate (sodium, potassium) vi hm lng ti a cho
php l: 5g/kg.
Mt s mui ca polyphosphate thng gp v cng dng ca chng[4]:
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Polyphosphate
INS
452v

Tn ph gia
Ting Vit
Ting Anh
Amoni
Ammonium

iu chinh axit, bao quan, tao

polyphosphat

xp, chng ng von, n nh mu,

Polyphosphates

Chc nng

chng oxy hoa, tao phc kim loai,

nhu hoa, iu v, lm rn chc, x l
452iv Canxi

Calcium

bt, lm m, n nh, lm dy.

Tng t nh Amoni polyohosphate

452i

polyphosphat
Natri

Polyphosphates
Sodium

(tr kha nng nhu hoa).

Tng t nh Amoni polyohosphate

Polyphosphates
Potassium

(tr kha nng tao phc kim loai).

452ii

polyphosphat
Kali

polyphosphat
452iii Natri canxi

Polyphosphates
Sodium calcium

Nh hoa, n nh, iu chinh axit,

polyphosphates

tao xp.

polyphosphat

II.
PHN LOI POLYPHOSPHATE
II.1. Phn loi theo cng thc cu to
Cng thc phn t cua polyphosphat l M(n+2)PnO(3n+1) (n 2), c cu tao
t nhiu gc orthophosphat PO43- (gi tt l phosphat). M co th l hydro hay kim
loai kim v kim th.
Monophosphat (n = 1) hay con gi l orthophosphat

(E 338 n E 343).

Orthophosphate co th tn tai di dang acid phosphoric hay mui phosphate cua acid
phosphoric.

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Polyphosphate
Hu ht cac mui orthophosphate u tan t trong nc tr mui cua kim loai nhom
IA (tr Li) v NH4+. Ngoi ra chng con tan trong acid HCl hay CH3COOH.
Cac mui orthophosphate khi b nhit phn se tao thnh mui polyphosphate.
nNaH2PO4

t
nH2O + (NaPO3)n

t
2Na2HPO4 H2O + Na4P2O7
Acid phosphoric l acid co 3 nc v no chi th hin tnh oxi hoa nhit cao.
Phan ng c trng cua orthophosphate: cac orthophosphate co kha nng phan ng
vi molybdate (MoO42-) trong mi trng acid tao ra acid d a phosphomolybdic mu
vng. Da vo phan ng ny ngi ta cng a ra mt phng phap xac nh
phosphate.
PO43- + 12 MoO42- +27H+ H3[P(Mo12O40)] + 12H2O

Diphosphat (n = 2) hay con gi l pyrophosphat (E 450), anion diphosphat

P2O74- l anion polyphosphat n gian nht, ngoi ra pyrophosphat con tn tai di
dang cac anion H3P2O4-, H2P2O42- (dang ny him gp), HP2O43-.

Pyrophosphat co kha nng thuy phn tao thnh orthophosphat: sau phan
ng tao ra ion H + nn pH cua dung dch giam. Khi nhit tng thi tc thuy
phn tng, trong dung dch kim tc thuy phn chm hn nhiu so vi mi
trng acid. Mui Na4P2O7 l mui thuy phn km nht nn no l mui bn nht.
P2O74- + H2O 2PO43- + 2H+
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Polyphosphate
Ngoi kha nng thuy phn, pyrophosphat con co kha nng tao phc vi ion
kim loai, nn no co kha nng lm mm nc cng.
Na4P2O7 + Mg2+ Na2(MgP2O7) + 2Na+
Triphosphat (n = 3) hay con gi l tripolyphosphat (E 451), P 3O105- l anion
cua acid H5P3O10.

Ging nh pyrophosphat, tripolyphosphat cng co kha nng thuy phn tao

thnh orthophosphat, diphosphat v ion H+ lm giam pH dung dch, tuy nhin qua
trinh thuy phn cua triphosphat chm hn diphosphat.
2P3O105- + 2H2O 3P2O74- + 4H+
P3O105- + 2H2O 3PO43- + 4H+
Kha nng tao phc cua tripolyphosphat cng tng t nh pyrophosphat.
n = 4 n 50: ngi ta gi l oligophosphat
n > 50: gi l polyphosphat (E 452). Trong o:
n vo khoang 102 v cation l Na+ ta co mui Graham
n vo khoang 2104 v cation l Ca2+ ta co mui Kurrol

Tn gi
Pyrophosphat disodium
Pyrophosphat tetresodium
Triphosphat pentesodium
Pentaphosphat heptasodium
Metaphosphat
Pyrophosphat tetrapotassium

Cng thc

% P2O5

Na2P2O7
Na4P2O5
Na5P3O10
Na7P5O16
(NaPO4)n
K4P2O5

63.9
53.4
57.9
62
69.6
43.2

pH trong
dung dch 1%
4 4.3
10 10.5
> 9.2
8.2 8.6
6.3 7.5
10.3

II.2. Theo s loi polyphosphat c trong sn phm

Phosphate n: chi dng duy nht 1 loai polyphosphat co trong san phm.
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Polyphosphate
Phosphate phi trn: trong san phm ngi ta dng kt hp nhiu loai
polyphosphate kt hp vi nhau tao ra san phm co cht lng ng nht. Do
mi loai phosphat co tac dng, pH, thi gian tac ng v kha nng hoa tan khac
nhau. Ngi ta thng chia phosphate phi trn thnh 3 loai:
Superbind K70: (E 451, E 452) co dang bt tinh th mu trng. pH = 8,8 v
P2O5 t 56 58. Superbind K70 co u im: Tao nh tng ng nht co kt
nh cao, khi nh tng bn v chm kh mt v tao dai gion v giam hao ht
sau khi nu. Thng dng cho cac san phm qua giai oan xay nh nh gio la,
xc xch, ca vin, bo vin, heo vin, nem chuaLng s dng 0.3 - 0.5% (3 5
gram/kg san phm) do superbind K70 nhanh chong kch hoat protei, tao n
nh cho nh tng tht, tng tnh gion dai sau khi nu.
Superbind P220 (E 451, E 452) co dang bt tinh th mu trng. pH = 8,9 v
P2O5= 58%. c im khac bit cua san phm ny so vi cac polyphosphate khac
l hoa tan rt nhanh trong nc iu kin lanh O 0C. u im cua superbind
P220 l tao khi san phm ng nht, rn chc, mng nc, mu p sau khi nu.
Giam hin tng hao ht trng lng sau khi nu, tng hiu sut ch bin. Loai bo
dng da lm cht kt dnh, tao cam quan b mt ct p hn. Tht ming c p
hoc tim dung dch ny se tao ra nhanh chong lp keo dnh protein trn b mt
tht gip tao khi dm-bng sn chc sau khi nu. Lng s dng 0,3 0,5% (3
5 gram/kg san phm) trn tng trng lng tht v dung dch p.
Superbind P270: Dang bt mn trng n trng ng, co mi nh c trng.
Hn hp cua E 450, E 451, E 316, E 621, E 250 v mt s hng liu... co hm
lng P2O5 = 28 - 28.50% v pH = 8.8. u im cua superbind P270 l hoa tan rt
nhanh trong nc ngay trong iu kin nc lanh OC. Tao khi lin kt rn chc
cua san phm, giam hao ht sau khi nu. Mu san phm p, hng v hp dn. Bo
s dng da heo lm cht kt dnh qua o lm tng tnh cam quan b mt lat ct.
superbind P270 c dng trong san xut da bao, dm-bng tao lin kt cht
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Polyphosphate
che gia cac ming tht vi nhau. Liu s dng: 1,0 - 1,2% (10 - 12g/kg) trn tng
khi lng tht nguyn liu v nc tim.
Sau y, chng ti xin gii thiu mt s ng dng tiu biu cua
polyphosphate trong cng ngh thc phm.
III.

MT S NG DNG IN HNH CA POLYPHOSPHATE

III.1. Tnh hnh s dng polyphosphate trong ch bin thc phm hin
nay[6]
Do mi loai phosphate (orthor, di-, tri-, polyphosphate) co mt vi u im
ring, v d nh diphosphate co kha nng hydrat hao tt hn so vi nhng74 loai
phosphate khac nhng kha nng tao phc chilat cua no khng ni tri, kha nng
hoa tan trong nc v dung dch NaCl cua no khng cao so vi Natri, Kali cua cac
phosphate mach di. Do o, khi s dng phosphate lm cht ph gia thc phm,
cac nh san xut khng n thun chi s dng mt loai phosphate m co s phi
trn cua nhiu loai phosphate khac nhau.
V d: cng ty Europhos co cac san phm Carnal, Abastol, Carfosel o l
hn hp mui Kali, natri cua di-, tri-phosphate v di-, ployphosphate hoc i-, triv polyphosphate dng cho cac san phm khac nhau dng trong ch bin tht, ca,...
Do o, Polyphosphate l dang hn hp nhiu loai phosphate c san xut
thch hp cho tng ng dng.

III.2. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht

Trong cng ngh ch bin tht co mt ph gia quan trng khng th thiu
c o l polyphosphate. Vo thi im phat hin c tnh cua hn the v sau o
l sut mt thi gian di vi n lc ty chay vic s dng hoa cht c hai ny,
polyphosphate c coi nh loai ph gia cho php s dng thay th hn the. Vi

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Polyphosphate
vy cho nn polyphosphate lc y c gi l ph gia tao gion dai. Tuy nhin vic
s dng polyphosphate mang lai nhiu hiu qua hn chng ta tng.

III.2.1.

Cng dng ca polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht

Phosphate co chc nng iu chinh pH tac ng trc tip ln trn am

protein cua tht gy ra cac hiu qua nh sau:
Ngn chn qua trinh oxid hoa gi mu ti cua tht v cac san phm tht
ch bin.
Lm gin cac si c qua o lm tht mm hn, do hn.
Tao ra nhiu am protein hoa tan qua o gia tng kt dnh cua san
phm.
Tng kha nng gi nc cua tht.
Gia tng hng v thm ngon t nhin cua tht, ngn nga hinh thnh
cac mi v la do qua trinh oxid hoa tao nn.
Ngn nga vi khun phat trin nn co chc nng ko di thi gian bao
quan.
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Polyphosphate
Tom lai phosphate tao c gion dai cua san phm tht ch bin do lm
tht do hn, kt dnh nhiu hn v gi nc tt hn. Do ngn chn qua trinh oxid
hoa lm tht khng b xung mu, tng hng v t nhin v ngn can vi khun,
nm mc phat trin nn phosphate con co vai tro l cht bao quan.
III.2.2.

Cc tiu ch chn polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht

Trong qua trinh ch bin tht cn co mt hn hp phosphate co kha nng

b tr ln nhau trong vic iu chinh pH, kha nng hoa tan, thi gian tng tac.
Hn na cht lng tht thng xuyn thay i qua cac t cung cp hng, do tui
cua vt nui khac nhau, cach nui khac nhau, ging loi khac nhau. Vi vy cn
thit phai co mt loai phosphate linh hoat co kha nng b tr ln nhau trong vic
iu chinh pH, kha nng hoa tan, thi gian tng tac tao ra san phm co cht
lng ng nht v o l u im cua phosphate phi trn. Cac loai Superbind
K70. Superbind P220 v Superbind P270 u thoa mn cac yu cu ny
Cc tiu ch di y chn c loi phosphate ph hp:
Yu cu s dng: Dng cho xay nhu tng tao gion dai (nh lm gio la,
nem) hay dng cho p tht tao do tng kt dnh. Nu dng cho p
tht se phai cn loai co hoa tan cao nhng lai co tc tng tac vi
protein chm. V d Neo FoodTech Co. ang cho ban Superbind K70 cho
nhom tao gion dai v Superbind P220 cho nhom tng kt dnh v tao do.
Tng hng v v mu sc san phm: co loai phosphate lm tng hng v
v mu sc cua san phm, co loai tao mi la, tai mu v co v chat. V d
cac dong san phm phosphate phi trn mang thng hiu Superbind u
co cha mt loai phosphate chuyn lm gia tng hng v v mu sc t
nhin cua tht v c bit khng tao hu v chat kho chu.
Tng kt cu cua san phm: san phm at yu cu l phai at gion dai v
mng nc, giam tht thoat trng lng sau khi nu n mc ti a cua
thnh phm cui cng.
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Polyphosphate
Ko di thi gian bao quan: co dong phosphate co chc nng c ch s phat
trin cua vi sinh vt mt mc nht nh no o. Vic s dng th
nghim mt loai san phm phosphate no o cn phai lu t im ny.
Tm li: khi anh gia ton b cht lng cua mt san phm phosphate cn
phai da vo 4 tiu ch trn y. Nhng san phm r tin thng thiu mt hay
nhiu tiu ch ny.
III.2.3.

Mt s loi polyphosphate phi trn dng trong ch bin tht

Tn polyphosphate
Superbind P220
K70

Cng dng
Tao gion, dai, tng kha
nng gi nc, tao kt dnh.
Tao do, gion dai,tng

Superbind P270

kha nng gi nc
Gi nc, tao kt dnh,
tao mi v c trng

ng dng
Da bao, jambon,..
Gio cha, ca vin, xc
xch,,...
Jambon, tht ngui,...

III.2.4.
Mt s sn phm t tht c dng polyphosphate
Cha la

Jambon_tht ngui

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Polyphosphate

Xc xch

III.3. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin thy sn

Cac u im quan trng nht cua s dng phosphate trong cng ngh ch
bin thuy san l:
Gia tng kha nng gi nc cua protein c bp hoat tnh actomyosin. Giam
tc thoat nc trong qua trinh ch bin v giai ng san phm, gi lai
cac cht dinh dng t nhin, ngn nga s di chuyn cua m trong qua
trinh giai ng, gia nhit v bao quan. No lm tng lng nc v giam s
ni bt, do o, gi m t nhin cua san phm tt hn, cai thin cu trc
v mm. Hn na, no l tac nhn tao Chilat tt vi ion Mg 2+ v Ca2+ nu
s dng nc cng cht bin, dn n s gi nc tt hn.

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Polyphosphate
Kim soat gia tr pH cho qua trinh gi nc ti u (bi s trng cua
protein) v qua trinh tao mu.
Giam s bin cht do oxy hoa trong qua trong qua trinh ch bin, giam cac
tac nhn gy ra mi i, mu sc khng mong i v bao ton hng v, mu
sc v cu trc cho san phm.
Ngoi ra, phosphate con co cac tac dng sau:
Ngn nga s tao thnh tinh th cy kim MgNH 4PO4 (ging nh cac ming
thuy tinh trong cac san phm hai san ong hp nh ca ng, cua ong hp.
Ngn nga s lm mm b mt cua protein b bin cht, c bit vi ca hi
c lanh ng trc khi ong hp hoc bao quan nc a trong mt thi
gian di.
X l phosphate trc khi boc vo tm se gip cho vic gi tht v vo tm
d dng v do o lng tht se tng.

III.4. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut m n lin

Trong san xut mi n lin, khi bt nho chi cho php c cha mt lng
nc ti thiu, bi nu lng nc cao thi qua trinh chin v sy kh se tn nhiu
thi gian, gy lng ph nng lng. Mt khac, khi bt nho phai trn v d can
tao thnh lp. iu ny chi at khi khi bt co cu trc ng nht v cac nguyn
liu c trn v thm m ng u. c bit gluten bt mi phai n nh v n
trong mt thi gian ngn khi bt mi co tnh do dai. Bn canh o, si mi khi
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Polyphosphate
nu khng c trng n qua mc. ap ng cac nhu cu trn, cac nh san
xut mi n lin thng chn phosphate lm cht ph gia. Phosphate co c tnh
trn l do chng co kha nng lin kt vi nhom OH co trong tinh bt cng nh
bt mi, do o cac phn t trong khi bt nho se lin kt cht vi nhau hn v lm
iu

ny

se

giam

trng

cua

tinh

bt

bt

mi.

V d: Vi san phm mi goi Udon hng v Nht Ban (san phm cua
cng ty c phn Acecook Vit Nam) s dng phosphate di dang pentasodium
triphosphate (E451i) l mt trong nhng cht ph gia cua mi.
III.5. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut sa

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Polyphosphate
Cac cht ph gia nhom olyphosphate c s dng rt ph bin trong cng ngh
ch bin sa, mc ch cua vic dng polyphosphate l: iu chinh acid, tao xp,
chng ng von trong x l bt, n nh mu, chng oxi hoa, cht nh hoa, cht iu v,
cht lm m, ...

3.5.1 i vi cng ngh sn xut b

- Cht chng oxi hoa thng l: Natri polyphosphate, Kali polyphosphate,
Mononatri orthophosphate, monocanxi orthophosphate, sodium alumimim phosphate
acid.
- Cht chng ng t: di tac dng cua nhit phosphate se b ng t, do o
ngi ta thng b sung vo sa: disodium phospahte hay trisodium phosphate. Mc
ch chnh l lm cn bng hm lng cation v anion co trong sa.
- Cht n nh tao cu trc san phm: ngi ta thng s dng natri
polyphosphate hay kali polyphosphate tranh hin tng tach bo, tach mui trong qua
trinh bao quan.

Hnh: B frais

3.5.2 i vi cng ngh sn xut kem

- Cht nh hoa: thng l nhng phn t co nhom chc a nc v a bo, tp
trung tai b mt tip xc gia pha phn tan v pha lin tc lm giam sc cng b mt
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Polyphosphate
n nh nh tng. Cac cht nh hoa cho vo sa dng trong cng ngh san xut kem
thng l nhom phosphate, ngoi ra con co mt s cht khac vi hm lng thp.

Hnh: cc sn phm kem c s dng polyphosphate

- Cht n nh: l nhng hp cht co th lin kt vi mt s lng ln cac phn
t nc v lm giam s phn t nc dang t do, qua o gi c mi hng v mu
sc t nhin cua kem.

3.5.3 i vi cng ngh sn xut pho-mt

tao cu trc gel cho pho-mat, trc y ngi ta s dng hn hp trisodium
citrate, sodium bicarbonat, acid citric. Ngy nay nhiu ph gia mi xut hin, thng dng
nht tao cu trc gel cho pho-mat l: nhom sodium polyphosphate(E450) v nhom
sodium orthophosphate(E339)

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Polyphosphate

Hnh: Cc loi pho-mt

Tuy nhin, vic s dng ph gia thc phm phai c s dng mt mc va
phai v vi liu lng cho php m bao an ton cho ngi s dng. Do o, vic xac
nh hm lng cua ph gia noi chung v polyphosphate noi ring l rt quan trng. Sau
y, chng em xin gii thiu mt s phng phap phn tch polyphospahte.
IV.

PHNG PHP NH LNG POLYPHOSPHATE TRONG CC

SN PHM THY HI SN:[7]

IV.1. Phm vi p dng

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Polyphosphate

H thng sc k ion Metrohm IC850

Thnh phn c bn ca sc k ion

Tiu chun ny quy nh phng phap xac nh hm lng mui

polyphosphate

bao

gm

orthophosphat

(monophosphate),

pyrophosphate

(iphosphate), tripolyphosphate trong thuy san v san phm thuy san bng sc k
ion.

IV.2. Phng php tham chiu

Tiu chun ny c xy dng da theo phng phap cua Trung tm Hoa
hc t phap quc gia cua Cc Thc phm dc phm Hoa K (National Forensic
Chemistry Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio:
Determination of tripolyphosphate and related hydrolysis products in processed
shrimp).

IV.3. Nguyn tc
Polyphosphat trong mu thuy san c chit tach bng nc ct kh ion.
Dch chit c lm sach bng phng phap chit pha rn (SPE) trn ct chit pha
rn C18. Hm lng polyphosphat co trong dch chit c xac nh trn may sc
k ion s dng h thng phan ng sau ct vi tac cht phan ng l st nitrat trong
axit percloric v u do UV tai bc song l l 330 cm theo phng phap ngoai
chun.

IV.4. Phng php tin hnh

IV.4.1. Chun b mu th
Cn chnh xac 0,5 g mu thuy san (k hiu m) c ng nht vo trong
chai nha dung tch 100 ml. Thm 50 ml nc ct kh ion vo trong chai ri lc
manh trong 30 pht trn may lc mu. Sau o, ly tm chai trong 10 pht tc
3000 vong/pht trn may ly tm. Lc dch chit qua mng lc mu loai 0,45.
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Polyphosphate
IV.4.2. Chun b mu trng
Tin hnh chun b mu trng ging nh chun b i vi mu th nhng
thay 0,5 g thuy san bng 0,5 ml nc ct kh ion.
IV.4.3. Lm sch dch chit
Ni ct chit pha rn C18 vo u ra cua mt xilanh thuy tinh 100 ml.
Thm ln lt 10 ml metanol + 10 ml nc ct kh ion vo xanh thuy tinh.
Loai bo dung dch chay qua ct.
Cho dch chit thu c tai mu th v mu trng vo cac ct C18 c
chun b. Sau khi cho dch chit vo ct, thu dch ra khoi ct vo binh nh mc
100 ml ( bo 2 ml u). Sau o, trang ra binh cha 3 ln, mi ln bng 2ml
nc ct kh ion. Cho nc trang qua ct ri gom dch qua ct vo binh nh mc
trn. nh mc ti vach bng nc ct (k hiu v). Tin hnh phn tch cac dch
thu c trn may sc k ion.
IV.4.4. Tin hnh phn tch trn my sc k ion
t ch lm vic cho my sc k ion nh sau:
Ct sc k ion: Dionex IonPac (L x ID: 250 x 4 mm, tin ct IonPac

NG1(L x ID: 4 x 50mm).

Nhit ct: Nhit trong phong.
Pha ng: Dung dch axit Nitric 70 mm.
Tc dong: 0,5 ml/pht.
Bc song ci t cho u do UV l 330 nm
Th tch tim: 100 ml
iu kin trong h thng phn ng sau ct:
Tac nhn: 1g/l st nitrat trong axit Percloric 2 %. Tc dong l 0,5

ml/pht:
Nhit phan ng trong ng teflon nhit trong phong.
n nh ct sc k trong 30 pht bng pha ng.
Tim cc dung dch chun vo my sc k:

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Polyphosphate
Mi dung dch tim 2 ln, tnh din tch pic trung binh. Dng ng chun
biu th mi quan h gia cac chiu cao pic thu c v nng tng loai
phosphat theo quan h tuyn tnh bc 1 (phng trinh y = ax + b).
Tim dung dch mu th v dung dch mu trn vo my sc k: cac
mu c lm sach, mi mu 2 ln. Tnh kt qua thu c.
S lp t h thng sau ct

IV.4.5. Yu cu v tin cy ca php phn tch

lch chun (CVS) tnh theo din tch pic sc k cua 2 ln tim cng mt
dung dch chun pyrophosphat 10 m g/ml v 25m g/ml phai nho hn 1,2 %.
ng chun i vi mi loai phosphat phai co tuyn tnh tt, h s tng
quan hi quy tuyn tnh (R2) phai ln hn hoc bng 0,99.
Khong tuyn tnh:
a) Ortophosphate: 10 - 100 m g/ml
b) Pyrophosphate: 0,5 - 50 m g/ml
c) Tripolyphosphate: 10 - 500 m g/ml.
IV.5. Tnh kt qu
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Polyphosphate
Hm lng cac phosphate co trong mu c tnh trn c s ng chun
thu c. Vi ng chun dang y = ax + b, hm lng cac phosphate co trong
mu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
C=

Y b
F
a

Trong :
C l nng cac phosphate co trong mu, tnh theo m g/g
Y l hiu s gia din tch pic cua dch chit v din tch pic co trong mu
trng tim vo may, tnh theo n v din tch.
a, b l cac thng s cua ng chun c xac nh.
F l h s pha long mu v co gia tr bng t s gia th tch dch chit thu
c sau khi lm sach v) v khoa lng mu m s dng.

V.

SO SNH POLYPHOSPHATE VI CC MT S CHT TNG

T

Trong k thut ch bin thc phm, ngi ta thng dng nhng ph gia tao
cho thc phm co dai, gion v bao quan c lu ngy. Cht ph gia thng c noi
n l hn the. Tuy nhin, hn the lai lm tn thng ngi tiu dng. Vi vy co thc
phm an ton, ngi tiu dng cn bit n nhng ph gia khac l Polyphosphate v PDP.

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Cng dng c im, Ph gia,

tnh cht

ha cht

Polyphosphate

Bt accord
PDP

mt dng ca

L cht ph gia

polyphosphate
Accord l hn

Hn the (borax)
(khng phi l ph gia)
L mt cht rn

dang bt, co ngun gc hp pht phat c kt

tinh

mu

trng,

thin nhin, s dng t bit gm: Sodium mm, nhiu canh d

Lm tng
Co tac dng
cho san phm
gion, dai, st, mi v v lm cho thnh phm sn chc, co gion,
mu

sc

cua

thc dai v gion, c dai, lm ngon ming, co

phm. No con gip bao dng trong cac mon th bao quan thc phm
quan tt thc n v kim nh: gio, cha, nem lu ngy khng b thiu
hm s phat trin cua nng, ...

thi

vi sinh vt. c bit,

PDP co kha nng loai
bo cac kim loai nng
c hai trong ung

Sn phm

giai khat.
Nhom tht: nh

Cha, gio, xc

Nem chua, bn,

gio, cha, tht hp, nem xch, nem nng,...

banh ph, banh cun,

chua...

banh su s, banh c,

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Liu

0,3g/kg bt banh

c tnh

dng

Polyphosphate

Khng c, an

Khoang
1kg

3g/
tht

(polyphosphate noi
Hm lng

Khi n vo c th

ton cho ngi trong ln anh hng n chi co 85% c o

dc phm, thc phm, sc kho: au bng, thai ra ngoi, con 15%

Ti liu tham kho

[1] http://www.docsachysinh.com/Phan1/chuong13/index.html
[2] http://www.docsachysinh.com/Phan1/chuong13/index.html
[3] cng ty TNHH thc phm nh hng mi Neo FoodTech Co Ltd

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Polyphosphate
http://www.neofoodtech.com/vn/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=10:cong-dung-cua-polyphophate-trong-che-bienthit&catid=5:so-tay-ky-thuat&Itemid=19
[4] Danh mc ph gia thc phm B Y t
[5]
[6] Neofoodtech.com
[7] : Thuvienphapluat.vn/ tiu chun ngnh 28 TCN 185: 2003

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