DISCUSSION

From this experiment, the total head loss of a pipe is actually depends on the size
of the pipe itself. There are two types of head loss which are minor and major head
loss. Major head loss is due to the pipe itself while minor head loss is due to the
junctions, bends, valves, or change of pipe section. In this experiment, we ignored all
the minor head loss.
There are lots of difficulties faced and errors that might occurred when the
experiment is conducted. All these errors and mistakes have actually effect our
experimental value. One of the errors that might occur is parallax error such as our
eye is not perpendicular to the water tube when we take the reading. It may cause the
inaccurate reading and affect our results. Besides that, when adjusting the water
supply, we may not provide the water to reach the correct state as there are still air
bubbles trapped in the tube. Last but not least, mistake that may be done was when we
were taking the time for the water to reach the required value. It is difficult to stop the
stopwatch at the time accurately.
To improve the accuracy of the experiment, some of the possible ways
should be taken. Firstly, we have to ensure all the pipes and manometers free from air
bubbles by letting water totally flow over the pipe lines before starting our
experiment. Secondly, while getting the reading of the time when water level reaches
the specific value, the position of eye should be perpendicular with the number of
scalar in order to prevent errors and increase the accuracy of the result. Lastly, repeat
the experiment for several times to get the average value in order to obtain a more
accurate result.