VMware vSphere 4: Snapshot

Tip theo loat bi VMware vSphere 4 ti s trnh by cho cc bn v tnh nng snapshot. V mt
iu ti chc chn hin h hu ht dn ITPro u s khong qu xa l g vi tnh nng ny n c
p dng kh nhiu trong mi trng hc tp, Lab khi lm vic vi VMware Workstation v hin
nhin a phn trong chng ta s nh gi rng tnh nng hu dng ny cc k n gin chng g
phi ch ngay c trc khi c c hi present tnh nng ny ti cng mc phi. Trn thc t
khng phi n gin m l cc k phc tp bn phi hiu r data ghi ra sao ci g c tao ra hay
ci g thay i, mt i khi chng ta thm, xa, revert snapshot V cc bn t hi ti sao cn
phi quan tm nhiu chi tit nh vy? V trn thc t hiu r nh vy chng ta mi kim sot
c d liu, hiu sut my o vi d in hnh nh mt my o ang cha database ca cty
bn thc hin snapshot nhiu ln v trong c mt thi gian di hot ng h y bn mun
delete snapshot liu bn chc rng hnh ng ca mnh c m bo ton vn d liu hay
khng hay mt g m khng hay bit.
Trong bi vit ny ti s c gng trnh by nhng thng tin m bn thn thu thp c v
snapshot cng nh nhng kinh nghim thu c cho cc bit. bt u chng ta s s lc v
khi nim snapshot mt t

Ni n gin th hnh ng snapshot ca chng ta chnh l thc hin hnh vi lu li lng Ram
ang hot ng, thng tin my o v ng thi l ng bng cc Disk (.vmdk). Nhng
hnh ng trn s to thm cc tp tin mi trong cng th mc vi my o (default). Vy th
c tt c bao nhiu tp tin c to ra chnh xc th c 2 tp tin to mi (ng vi my 1 Disk o
s gii thch sau) v 1 tp tin c sn trong th mc my o dng vai tr databse ca tp hp cc
snapshot my o. Nhng file ny c chi tit nh sau:
<vm>-<number>.vmdk: u tin l file vmdk c format nh nh dng ti va a ra. File ny
thng c thut ng l Child Disk. N s tng ng to ra da trn tng a o c trn my o
khi thc hin snapshot ngha l vi mi disk khi thc hin snapshot s to ra thm mt disk con.
Disk con ny s lu tr cc thng tin thay i v sau m bo rng Disk cha (Parent Disk)
lun ton vn hay cng c th gi l ng bng. Ti im ny th a s s thc mc lu thay i
lu thm vy cui cng disk ny c ti a dung lng l bao nhiu? Tr li lun l n s c kh
nng tng dung lng ln bng dung lng m chng ta to ra Disk v c kh nng xy ra l
lng data thay i l ton b block d liu ca Disk m chng ta cp pht s ghi ln Child Disk.
o <vm> : i din cho tn my o ch c 1 disk nu my o dng hai nick s c
thm 1 disk tn <vm-1>

o <number>: s th t cho snapshot bt u l 000001

V d: WindowServer2k3-000001.vmdk

<vm>-Snapshot<number>.vmsn: tp tin th hai c to ra chnh l tp tin ch cc d liu v

Ram ti thi im snapshot. Ch trong qu trnh thc hin snapshot trn my o s c ty chn
cho vic c lu Ram hay khng. Du chn hay khng chn ch lu ram th file ny vn c
to ra nhng ch c data khi m c chn lu ram m thi. c bit s khc bit y chnh khi
chn lu ram th khi revert my o vn s trng thi hot ng nh vo lng ram ny tng t
nh tnh nng Hibernate trn my tnh. iu ch l khi lu ram lai th revert s khng cn
restart my o nhng nu ko lu ram th chc chn s restart my o v snapshot h ch dong vai
tr ng bng cng ch khng cn vai tr lu trng thi my o.
o V d: WindowServer2k3.vmsd
<vm>-Snapshot<number>.vmsn: tp tin cui cng tuy khng c to ra (c sn khi new my
o) nhng n ng vai tr khng km phn quan trng n chnh l database cho ton b cc
snashot n s lu gi thng tin my o, snapshot cng nh thng tin v mi lin h gia cc
snapshot vi nhau v cng ch c duy nht 1 database ny cho mi my o ch khng c to
mi qua mi ln snapshot nh 2 file trn.
o V d: WindowServer2k3-Snapshot1.vmsn
Sau y ti s n gin ha quy trnh snapshot bng hnh nh tun t nh sau vi nh u tin l
my o khi cha c snapshot

Sau thc hin snapshot ln u tin cho my o VM 2 file to ra s c mu da cam

V c th cc snapshot to ra sau s tun t tao ra file vmdk v vmsn tng ng

Mt v d thc t v ng quan tm qu ti sao snapshot6 m li c 000001.vmdk l d trc

ti to ra nhiu snapshot ri xa di phn number snapshot khng t reset nn sau to mi
snapshot s ra tnh trng ny.

By gi chng ta hiu snapshot cn bn s thao tc g vi cc thnh phn d liu bn di k

tip cn thng l workflow ca cc request snapshot:

Cch thc hin yu cu snapshot th kh n gin ch cn chut phi my o v chn snapshot.

y chng ra s quan tm cc ty chn ca n hn:

Nh cc bn thy l n c 2 ty chn chnh l

Snapshot the virtual machines memory: tc l lu li cc thng tin ram nh ti

cp bn trn v default l s chn sn cho chng ta

Quisce guest file system (needs VMware Tools installed): ty chn hai ny th kh c
bit v n yu cu OS phi ci t VMware Tools l do l tnh nng ny s dng VMware
Tool nhu mt agent trc tip trn my o thc hin cc hnh v pause c bit ti im
snapshot xy ra (rt ngn) khng c bt k cc transaction no xy ra nh hng n
s ton vn d liu thng p dng cho cc ng dng c bit nh SQL server, Exchange
server i hi c s ton vn v thng tin cao (d b crash).

Gi y ch cn mt vng mc kh ln l ci Child Disk m ti cp s lu d liu ra sao cc

bn vui lng xem model sau m ti chm t VMware

Vi model ny cc bn s i tng bc t di ln vi disk u tin dong vai tr parent cng

chnh l gc ca chng ta trc khi thc hin snapshot u tin. Khi snapshot ln 1 xy ra
child1 s sinh ra ng vai tr l disk chnh cho hot ng ca my o hin ti tuy nhin c th
ni dung lng ca n hin ti l bng 0 ( trn thc t l vai chc MB v dung lng s lu
thng tin lin kt) v vai tr ca n l lu cc thay i v block d liu trong qu trnh hot ng
ca my o sau snapshot. Nh khi block den (4 ci u tin) trn parent l nhng block c thay
i sau qung thi gian dai thc hin snapshot1 th nhng data thay i s nm trn Child1 v s
c thng tin lin kt gia block mi v block c nm trn parent. Cn vi Child2 khi to ra s s
xem trc tip child1 l parent bt k thay i no trn Child1 s lu trn Child2 v thng tin lin
kt s c to ra tuy nhin s c trng hp l block thay i khng nm trn parent trc tip
nh trng hp ca Child3 trong hnh n c cha trc tip l Child2 cc thng tin thay i trn
Child2 s ghi ln Child3 nhng nu thng tin b thay i khng nm trn Child2 m nm trn
Child cao hn hoc gi parent gc th data mi vn trn Child3 nhng lin kt lc ny s tr
trc tip v child hay parent ang c data mi gn nht vi n.

Revert Snapshot
Hnh ng ny tr li trng thi ca my o ti thi im snapshot cc thc hot ng ca n
nh sau (da theo hnh trn) hi ti im hot ng ca chng ta l im Child3 data mi ghi
trn v mt ngy p tri chng ta mun quay li trng thi c l snapshot1 cng chnh l bn
gc hot ng th chng ta s dng tnh nng l revert snapshot. Bc u lng data trn
Child3 s b xa nu chng ta ko snapshot trc khi revert (mt hon ton d revert li snapshot3
v trn logic ti thi im snapshot3 khng c lng data thay i trong khoang thoi gian su
dng) v n s to ra mt Child4 nm cng cp vi Child1 xem gc nh parent trc tip. Vn
ny cc bn c th th trc tip trn h thng ca mnh rt ra kq cn ci ny mnh rt sn
thi.
Delete snapshot
Mnh cng da trn m hnh trn thc hin cc snapshot v sau delete tun t cc v tr khc
nhau v rt ra kt lun l khi delete snapshot lng data ca trn v di snapshot s merge li
vi nhau ch khng phi delete snapshot l delete lun c Child Disk v trn v logic data l phi
ton vn nu delete c child disk th ng ngha cc lin kt nh mnh cp l gy gnh tt c
disk s mt i tnh ton vn d liu v faild v l do chng s merge li vi nhau mnh c
chp hnh lai lab ghi nhn thay i d liu lm mu cho cc bn thy r

Kt lun:
Thun li:

Lu gi trng thi my o

Trnh ri ro khng mong mun (unplaned) khi thc hin cc thay i trn my o

Hn ch

Trn thc t theo li ngh ca cc k s VMware snapshot s nh hng khng nh

n hiu sut read ca my o do cc nhiu snapshot th d liu cng ri rc nhiu i hi
mi thao tc c cn lin kt ht cc d liu. Cng theo nh quy nh VMware l mt

snapshot khng qu 7 ngy v dung lng cho mt child disk khng qu 10GB m
bo hiu sut my o trong bi VMware vSphere 4: Script v thao tc qun l snapshot
trn h thng.

Bt li tip theo l dung lng s dng cho my o s vt ro nh hng ln capacity

nu khng kim sot k cng nh bit r h thng mnh ai snapshot, snapshot bao lu,
xi bao nhiu ln snapshot v dung lng cc snapshot tng n u trog bi sau mnh s
hng dn on script kim sot ny.

Ci hn ch cui cng l dng xem snapshot l chin lc backup v khi phc h thng
v n khng lu tr bn sao d liu g cho chng ta c m gn nh n ch gip phn on
data theo thi gian h tr cho chng ra cc thao tc v th nghim c bit li ch hn
trong qua trnh h tr cc ng dng khc c th backup mt cch ton vn nhng disk o
m thi