CProgramming Lecture 02 Chapter 03

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Lecture 2
Chapter 3
:
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C

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C

)(comments

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Comments :
o /* */
o //
Preprocessor commands
Words
Declaration
Statements
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Preprocessor commands

.
preprocessor command #
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Words

C
Appendix C ) (

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Declaration
declaration
.

C
.
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Statements
statement
.
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/* This is a very simple Program*/
#include <stdio.h>
void main (void)
{
puts(" Salam");
printf(" Hello\n");
}
//
//
//
//
//
Comment
Preprocessor Commands
input/output Standard
header line (Function)
block of codes
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Function:
C Function .
Function .
C Function main
.
Function
.
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Function Structure
Function output
type (integer)
function name
function input (nothing)
int main (void) {

/* C comment */
function body start
comments
// C++ comment
C instruction
function body end
return 0;
C "period"
output value (0)
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Function Structure
function name
Function output
type (nothing)
function input (nothing)
void main (void) {

/* C comment */
function body end
function body start
comments
// C++ comment
}
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Function:
C Function .
Function
.
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#include <stdio.h>
Standard I/O library
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)void main (void
Standard I/O library

.
.
void void
.
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Strings " " .
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.

.
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):(Variables

.

.C
.
.
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)(:
)(Type ) ( .
.
Declaration .
. Preprocessor
Commands .
int
;Minute
;double Second
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)(:

. .

ampersand
&Minute .
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int age;
age = 20;
:
//declaration of integer variable age
//assignment of value 20
or
int age = 20;
//declaration & assignment
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C . :
string
) (puts
) (printf
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) (scanf
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stdio library
.
putsprintf
:
;)scanf (%i, &minutes
;)scanf (%i %i, &age, &weight
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.
;Age = 21
;Weight = 65
;)printf(Age: %i Weight: %i \n, Age, weight
Age: 21 Weight: 65
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\t
\n
\n\n\n

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printf("one\ntwo");
one
two
prints
printf("one\ttwo"); prints
one two
printf("one two three"); prints

one two three
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/* This Program Reads and echoes a single number .*/
#include <stdio.h>
void main (void){
int number;
//to store the Number
puts( "Please type a single number and hit enter);

scanf( "%i" ,&number);
printf("You typed %i.\n",number);
}
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Print Specifiers and Parameters
printf()
print specifiers
:
printf("%s\n%s", "one", "two");

parameter
one
parameter parameter
two
three
which prints:
one
two
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.
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The Big Picture

The source of a C-Program is a text file called
source code.
The compiler reads the source and reports errors.
Execution starts at beginning of main() function.
The program executes line by line.
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Some Details
C is case sensitive (printf not same as Printf).
White Space in the source code is ignored by
the compiler (program).
Spaces, tabs, newline (Enter key).
Things have names.
include, main, printf, return.
Punctuation, other symbols have specific meaning.
# ; , <> { } %
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Comment Indentation .
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.
: .
) (integer Type .
) (.
;int Numbers
) (double Type
.
;double Ratio
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double Ratio;
printf (Please enter the Ratio:);
scanf( %lg, &Ratio);
printf( You entered %g \n, Ratio);
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:
User scanf

;Ratio = 5
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(Constants):
Constant
.
:
#define PI 3.1416
define
:
No semicolon
No = sign
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:
expressions
:
; Area = PI* r * r
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:
/* This is a code to calculate the summation as well as the average of three
arbitrary numbers */
#include <stdio.h>
#define Multiplier 10
void main (void){
double A,B,C;
// Define three variables to get the values
double Sum, Average;
printf(" Please enter three numbers\n");
scanf(" %lg%lg%lg", &A,&B,&C);
Sum= A+B+C;
Average=Sum/3;
printf("\n The Summation of the numbers is %g\n",Sum);
printf("\n The Average of the numbers is %g\n",Average);
}
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:

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1234
.
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)(Flow Chart

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:

.
if else if.
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:if Statement
if Statement if
.
} {
.

} { .
.
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/* This Program Reads and echoes a single number. */
#include <stdio.h>
void main (void){
int number;
printf( "Please type a single number: ");
if(number >100){
printf("\n\n You typed %i.\n",number);
printf("\n\n You typed a number greater than 100.\n");
}
printf("\n Have a good day.\n");
}
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:if else Statement

.
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/* This Program Reads and echoes a single number. */
#include <stdio.h>
void main (void){
int number;
if(number >100){
}
else{
printf("\n\n You typed a number less than 100.\n");
}
}
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) if else Statement(:
if else
.
if
} { .
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#include <stdio.h>
void main (void){
int number;

if(number >100){
}
else if (number<100){
printf("\n\n You typed a number less than 100.\n");
}
else{
printf("\n\n You typed a number equal to 100.\n");
}
}
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:

.
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:
) (

. .
C :
while
do
for
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/* This Program fills a screen with number lines. */
#include <stdio.h>
void main (void){
int number;
while(number>0){
printf(" %i \t",number);
number=number-1;
}
printf("\n The code is terminated\n");
}
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do while
:
{do
statements
)}while (expression
do statement
expression .
:
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/* This Program asks a question */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main (void){
char Answer ;
printf ( "Please Answer this question:\n\n ");
printf ( "What is the capital of Iran?\n\n ");
printf ( " A: Isfahan\n B: Tabriz\n C: Mashhad\n D: Tehran\n\n");
do{
Answer = getche();
}while( Answer!='A' && Answer!='B' && Answer!='C' && Answer!='D' );
printf("\n You have answered the question.\n\n");
if(Answer=='D'){
printf(" **** Your answer is correct. Good job. ****\n\n");
}
else{
printf(" **** Your answer is wrong!!! Study more ****\n\n");
}
}
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:for
for
.
: 1 4
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#include <stdio.h>
void main (void){
int number, Square, Cube;
int i;
printf( "Please type a single number: \n\n");
for (i = 1; i <= number; i++){
Square = i*i;
Cube = Square *i;
printf( " The Square and Cube of %i\t are %i\t
respectively.\n" ,i, Square, Cube);
and %i,
}
}
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1 1000
.
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) (
.
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3*3
.
58

CProgramming Lecture 02 Chapter 03

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www.mohandesyar.

int main (void) {

function body start

function input (nothing)

void main (void) {

function body start

//declaration & assignment

printf("one two three"); prints

//to store the Number

puts( "Please type a single number and hit enter);

printf("%s\n%s", "one", "two");

The Big Picture

//to store the Number

printf( "Please type a single number: ");

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