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Nghien Cuu Anh Huong Cua Che Pham Emina Den Sinh Truong Nang Suat Va Kha Nang Chong Chiu Sau Benh Cua Cay Cai Ngot Cay Dau Dua Trong Tai Lam Thao Phu Tho
Nghien Cuu Anh Huong Cua Che Pham Emina Den Sinh Truong Nang Suat Va Kha Nang Chong Chiu Sau Benh Cua Cay Cai Ngot Cay Dau Dua Trong Tai Lam Thao Phu Tho
: 60.62.01
H NI - 2011
Li cam oan
Li cm n
ii
MC LC
Li cam oan
Li cm n
ii
Mc lc
iii
Danh mc bng
vi
Danh mc th
vii
PHN I M U
1.1
TNH CP THIT CA TI
1.2
MC CH, YU CU
1.2.1
Mc ch
12.2
Yu cu
1.3
1.3.1
ngha khoa hc
1.3.2
2.1.1
2.1.2
Ti Vit Nam
10
2.2
13
2.2.1
13
2.2.2
Trong mi trng
14
2.2.3
Trong xy dng
15
2.2.4
Trong y t
16
2.3
2.3.1
Agrobiology)
16
17
iii
2.3.2
18
2.3.3
24
2.4
26
2.4.1
26
2.4.2
28
2.4.3
PHN III
30
NGHIN CU
33
3.1
I TNG NGHIN CU
33
3.2
33
3.2.1
Cc th nghim
33
3.3
39
4.1.4
37
4.1.3
37
4.1.2
37
4.1.1
36
41
42
4.1.5
46
4.2
47
iv
4.2.1
4.2.2
47
49
4.2.3
53
4.2.4
4.2.5
thng phm
55
59
60
5.1
Kt lun
60
5.2
ngh
61
DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1: Thnh phn dinh dng c trong ci ngt.
30
31
38
40
41
43
44
45
46
48
50
52
55
56
vi
DANH MC TH
Hnh 4.1: nh hng ca ch phm EMINA ti tc ra l
39
43
51
53
Hnh 4.5: So snh nng sut l thuyt v nng sut thc thu
58
vii
PHN I
M U
1.1 TNH CP THIT CA TI
1.2 MC CH, YU CU
1.2.1 Mc ch
- nh gi kh nng tc ng v xut s dng mt s dng ch phm
vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA trong sn xut rau an ton ti Ph Th.
12.2 Yu cu
- nh gi c tc ng ca ch phm EMINA lm dinh dng bn l
trn cy ci ngt,
- nh gi c tc ng ca ch phm EMINA tho dc trong vic
phng tr su c qu trn cy u a.
1.3 NGHA KHOA HC V NGHA THC TIN
PHN II
TNG QUAN TI LIU V C S KHOA HC
2.1 TNH HNH NGHIN CU CH PHM VSV HU HIU EM (Efectivie
Microorganisms)
VSV hu hiu, EM l h thng nng nghip c nng sut cao, n nh, khng
c hi v ci thin mi trng bn vng.
GS. Teuro Higa cho bit ch phm EM gip cho qu trnh sinh ra cc
cht chng oxi ho nh inositol, ubiquinone, saponine, polysaccharide phn
t thp, polyphenol v cc mui chelate. Cc cht ny c kh nng hn ch
bnh, km hm cc vi sinh vt c hi v kch thch cc vi sinh vt c li. ng
thi cc cht ny cng gii c cc cht c hi do c s hnh thnh cc enzym
phn hu. Vai tr ca EM cn c pht huy bi s cng hng sng trng
lc (gravity wave) sinh ra bi cc vi khun quang dng, cc sng ny c tn
s cao hn v c nng lng thp hn so vi tia gama v tia X. Do vy, chng
c kh nng chuyn cc dng nng lng c hi trong t nhin thnh dng
nng lng c li thng qua s cng hng.
Thy c li ch ca VSV hu hiu trong t nhin, Tin s Teuro Higa
nghin cu phn lp, trn ln 80 loi VSV c ch thuc 5 nhm l vi khun
quang hp: tng hp cht hu c t CO2 v H2O; vi khun lactic: chuyn ha
thc n d tiu thnh kh tiu; nm men: sn xut ra cc vitamin v axit amin;
x khun: sn sinh ra cc khng sinh, c ch vi sinh vt gy bnh v phn gii
cc cht hu c; nm si: s dng cht hu c ca vi khun quang hp
chuyn ha N2 trong khng kh thnh cc hp cht cha N2, cc nhm vi
khun ny kt hp vi nhau to ra ch phm EM (Efectivie Microorganisms)
(Higa, Wididana, 1989).
EM bao gm 80 loi VSV k kh v him kh c la chn t hn
2000 loi c s dng ph bin trong cng nghip thc phm v cng ngh
ln men (Phm Th Kim Hon, 2008). Ch phm EM ra i, nhanh chng
c tip thu v ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc cc nc trn th gii. Cc
t chc nghin cu cng ngh EM gi tt l EMRO (Efectivie
Microorganisms Research Orgsnization) c hnh thnh nhiu nc trn
Microorganisms,
Efficient
Microorganisms,
Compound
10
11
tn x Vit Nam, trong thng 7/2009, huyn Qung in (tnh Tha ThinHu) phi hp vi trng i hc Nng lm Hu hng dn k thut v
h tr kinh ph gip 24 h dn x Qung An nui tm sch bnh bng ch
phm sinh hc EM nhm gim thiu nhim mi trng m ph Tam
Giang - Cu Hai. Kt qu cho thy tt c cc h nui tm, vi din tch th
nui 15,25 ha mt nc, u cho thu hoch vi nng sut 1,7 t/1.000m2;
bnh qun li 25 triu ng trn mi h nui, gp gn 4 ln so vi nui tm
theo phng thc truyn thng. Theo cng thng tin chnh thc ca tnh Lng
Sn, nm 2007, Trung tm ng dng tin b KH&CN tnh Lng Sn tip
nhn hon chnh cng ngh sn xut ch phm EM ca s KH&CN tnh Thi
Nguyn sau cung cp phc v nhu cu sn xut v x l nhim mi
trng rc thi trn phm vi ton tnh Lng Sn. Kt qu cho hiu qu tt
hn rt nhiu, rc thi hu c phn hy nhanh v mi hi thi gim nhiu.
Thi Bnh, khi x l EM cho ht ci bp, thc ging cho thy t l
ny mm cao hn, cy con sng kho hn v c tc sinh trng, pht trin
nhanh hn. Khi phun EM cho rau mung, nng sut tng 21 25 %, phun cho
u tng, nng sut tng 15 - 20 %.
Ti Hi Phng x l EM cho cc loi cy n qu: vi, cam, qut
lm cho cy pht trin mnh hn, qu to, chn sm, v p hn v nng sut
tng 10 - 15 %.
Nhm nghin cu ca Th.S Hi Lan (khoa Sinh - Ho, H Ty
Bc) cho bit c th x l EM 1% vi cy lan H ip Tm Nhung khi va
a ra khi phng nui cy m tng cng kh nng thch nghi ca cy
vi iu kin ngoi cnh mi. Cng c th x l EM giai on cy cn non
kch thch s sinh trng sinh dng, to iu kin cho s pht trin mnh
m ca cy lan giai on sau.
Trung tm nghin cu thu sn 3 (B Thu sn) ng dng thnh
cng EM trong x l h nui tm s Vit Nam. Ch phm EM lm cho tng
Trng i hc Nng Nghip H Ni Lun vn thc s khoa hc nng nghip
12
13
14
15
dng trong b tng, cc cng trnh c hon thnh thc hin vic s dng
cng ngh EM trong vt liu xy dng ngay t thit k. Vt liu xy dng b
tng c hi sinh qua vic s dng cng ngh EM.
Cht ty ra tng hp rt c hiu qu v d dng i ph vi du
m, vt bn v nm mc trong nh. Tuy nhin, thnh phn ha hc ca h c
th c hp th vo c th qua da v gy ra vn ng rut, d ng... Hn
na, chng gy nhim mi trng khi chy ra sng, h, i dng. EM c
th thay th cc cht ty ra ha hc. EM c tc dng lm sch vt dng bng
cch phn hy cc cht hu c.
2.2.4 Trong y t
Trong lnh vc y t d phng, cha kha c bn c khe mnh l
tng cng kh nng cha lnh t nhin ca bn. V vy, cn a mi trng
(t, nc, khng kh) tr li s trong lnh nguyn thy vn c ca n. Cng
ngh EM kt hp cc vi sinh vt c li v ln men m cn tn ti trong thin
nhin, tch hp cc tim nng cha lnh t nhin v s min dch ngi,
mi trng. V khi c mt mi trng nh vy, sc khe con ngi s c tng
cng thng xuyn.
2.3 CH PHM EMINA (Effective Microogarnism Institute of Agrobiology)
16
17
18
19
hc s dng trong chn nui gia sc gia cm, nui trng thy sn, x l
nc thi chn nui v ao nui trng thy sn (Lng c Phm, 2007).
2.3.2.2 Vi khun Bacillus
Bacillus l nhm trc khun ph bin trong t nhin ( t, nc, trn
cc loi thc vt nh c kh, khoai ty, rau qu...), sng k kh tu tin nhng
trong iu kin hiu kh th hot ng mnh hn. Tt c cc vi khun Bacillus
u c kh nng phn gii cc hp cht cha nit, nh protein nh sinh ra
enzym proteaza ngoi bo, ngoi ra chng cn c kh nng sinh ra enzym
amylaza lm long tinh bt, bin cht ny thnh dng d ho tan v thu phn
tip theo thnh cc dextrin v cc ng hp thnh, mt s chng Bacillus
subtilis, B. Mesentericus,... c kh nng sinh tng hp enzym xenluloza v
hemixenluloza phn hu xenlulo v hemyxenlulo (Lng c Phm, 2007).
Qu trnh phn gii protein tm tt theo s sau:
Protein polypeptit oligopeptit axit amin
NH3.
Bacillus l nhng trc khun hnh que, nhum mu Gram dng. Kch
thc khc nhau (0,25 - 0,5) x (1,2 - 10) m, c chm tim mao gip chng
c th di chuyn c, cc t bo vi khun Bacillus c th ng ring r, lin
kt thnh chui, hoc thnh si (Lng c Phm, 2007).
Ngoi cc enzyme ngoi bo trn, cc chng vi khun cn c kh nng
sinh ra bacteriocin - cht c hot tnh khng sinh, nh insulin, subtilin t
Bacillus subtilis. Bacitracin t B.licheniformis cc cht c hot tnh ny
thng khng dng trong y t nn khng xy ra hin tng nhn thuc vi
cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, ring bacitracin l cht b sung vo thc n chn
nui c ch cc sinh vt gy bnh ng rut cng nh kch thch tiu ho
v tng trng cho vt nui (Lng c Phm, 2007).
Vi khun Bacillus c kh nng sinh bo t. Khi sinh bo t khng bin
dng hnh thi t bo, do mi t bo ch sinh ra mt bo t nn y khng
phi l loi bo t c kh nng sinh si ny n nh nm m chng li cc
Trng i hc Nng Nghip H Ni Lun vn thc s khoa hc nng nghip
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Ci ngt
%
n
cho
Mui
khong
(mg%)
Calo
85
1.1
2.1
100
Ca
Vitamin (mg%)
Fe Ca-
B1
B2
PP
0.02
0.04
0.3
20
ten
42
61
37
0.5
0.01
(Trch t cun "Bng thnh phn ha hc thc n Vit Nam" NXB Y hc 1972)
30
2.4.3.2 Cy u a
Cy u a (thuc u rau) Vigna unguiculata spp sespuipedalis L.
thuc h u (Fabaceae) l mt trong 10 loi rau quan trng nht vng
ng Nam , i Loan, Trung Quc v Bngladesh (Trn Khc Thi, Trn
Ngc Hng, 2002). y l loi rau n qu giu protein v axit amin dng
nhiu trong ba n hng ngy.
Bng 2.2: Thnh phn cc cht c trong u a.
Calo
100
Nc
Protid
Acid
Hc
Glucid
Cellulose
Tro
74.7
5.4
4.5
1.8
0.6
gam
53
Vitamin (mg%)
(mg%)
cho
90
Mui khong
CaCa
Fe
42.3
14.4
1.4
ten
0.45
B1
B2
PP
0.26
0.16
1.6
(Trch t cun "Bng thnh phn ha hc thc n Vit Nam" NXB Y hc 1972)
31
2.4.3.3 Su c qu
Su c qu (Maruca testulalis Geyer) l i tng gy hi nghim
trng v kh phng tr nht trn u a. Su pht sinh gy hi tt c cc
giai on ca cy nhng gy hi nng nht v nh hng trc tip n nng
sut cy u a giai on cy bt u c n hoa, qu n khi thu hoch.
Cho n nay cha c bin php phng tr no ti u, a phn ngi dn vn
s dng thuc ha hc tuy nhin bin php ny cn cha ng rt nhiu ri ro
cho ngi tiu dng cng nh nh hng ti h sinh thi.
32
PHN III
I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1 I TNG NGHIN CU
3.2.1 Cc th nghim
Th nghim 1: nh gi nh hng ca ch phm EMINA dinh dng
trong vic tng cng dinh dng cy ci ngt;
- Cc cng thc
CT 1: Nn + Phun nc l
CT 2: Nn + phun phn bn l Demiral vi nng pha 12,5g/16 lt nc
CT 3: Nn + phun ch phm EMINA dinh dng vi nng 0,5%
CT 4: Nn + phun ch phm EMINA dinh dng vi nng 0,75%
CT 5: Nn + phun ch phm EMINA dinh dng vi nng
0,1%
Nn:
Lng phn
cho 1 ha
(kg)
Cch bn
Nn
Thc ln 1 khi
Thc ln 2 sau
(Bn lt)
cy c 2 l tht
ln thc 1 t 7
(kg)
(kg)
10 ngy (kg)
Phn chung
1500
1500
Ln Supe
520
520
m ure
150
60
40
50
Kali clorua
100
40
30
30
33
34
Cch bn
Phn chung
1500
Bn lt
(kg)
1500
Thc ln 1
(kg)
Thc ln 2
(kg)
Thc ln 3
(kg)
Supe ln
400
400
m ure
200
50
50
70
30
Kali clorua
200
60
40
50
50
35
Ch tiu theo di v nh gi
- Theo di ngoi ng rung
+ S tng trng s l: m, nh du 10 c th 7 ngy 1 ln,
+ Theo di, m, nh du n, hoa b hi 4 ngy 1 ln, thi im hoa
n r 3 ngy 1 ln.
T l hi (%) =
Tng s n, hoa b hi
Tng s n, hoa iu tra
Tng s qu b hi
Tng s qu iu tra
36
PHN IV
KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN
4.1 nh hng ca ch phm EMINA dinh dng ti qu trnh sinh
trng cy ci ngt
Ci ngt l cy trng mang li gi tr kinh t cao bi ci ngt l loi rau
n l c thi gian sinh trng ngn nn trng c nhiu v do hiu qu
khai thc trn mt n v din tch ln hn cc cy trng khc. Ngoi ra ci
ngt d chm sc v tiu th
Ci ngt c th trng c nhiu v trong nm, l mn n b dng v
tr thnh mn n yu thch ca nhiu ngi, ngoi chc nng cung cp
cht x, cht khong, cc vitamin A, C... n cn l v thuc qu tr bnh co
tht, chng au dy thn kinh... y l loi rau n l rt in hnh, do l
i tng rt ph hp cho th nghim ca chng ti.
4.1.1 nh hng ca EMINA dinh dng ti ng thi tng trng s l
L l c quan dinh dng ht sc quan trng i vi cy trng, l c
chc nng chnh l c quan quang hp to ra cc hp cht hu c v cung
cp nng lng cho hot ng sng ca cy.
Tc ra l l mt trong nhng ch tiu quan trng nh gi kh nng
sinh trng ca cy. Tc ra l lin h mt thit vi vi s tng trng
chiu cao cy. Mt khc, tc ra l cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo ging v
iu kin ngoi cnh hay ch chm sc ...
Theo di ng thi tng trng s l ca cc cng thc, chng ti thu
c kt qu nh sau:
37
Thu hoch
20
(l/cy)
24
(l/cy)
28
(l/cy)
32
(l/cy)
36
(l/cy)
CT 1
(Nc)
2,29
3,42
4,99
6,93
8,06
CT 2
(Phn bn l)
2,37
4,25
6,36
8,43
9,58
CT 3
(EMINA 0,5%)
2,30
3,56
5,78
7,10
8,33
CT 4
(EMINA 0,75%)
2,28
4,04
6,14
8,11
9,04
CT 5
(EMINA 1%)
2,28
4,12
6,32
8,39
9,43
CV %
2,7
LSD 0,05
1,53
Nhn xt:
Vo thi im gieo ht do gp phi iu kin thi tit bt thun; nhit
thp trung bnh 15,10C, tri khng c nng nn giai on u ht chm ny
mm v cy sinh trng chm hn so vi bnh thng t 4 - 6 ngy.
Ti thi im bt u thu hoch, s l dao ng t 8,06 l n 9,58 l,
tuy nhin s khc nhau v s l ca cc cng thc l khng c ngha
(LSD0,05 = 1,53). Ni cch khc tt c cc cng thc s l ca cy l nh
nhau, hay khi s dng ch phm EMINA dinh dng, phn bn l u khng
nh hng ti s l cy ci ngt.
Tc ra l cc cng thc u tng dn t khi gieo cho n 28 ngy
sau trng, mi ngy tc ra l trung bnh dao ng t 0,28 - 0,55 l/ngy
trong CT 1 phun nc c tc ra l thp nht 0,28 l/ngy v CT 2 s
dng phn bn l c tc ra l cao nht 0,55 l/ngy.
Trng i hc Nng Nghip H Ni Lun vn thc s khoa hc nng nghip
38
Tc ra l (l/ngy)
0,6
0,5
Sau trng 24 ngy
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
CT 1
CT 2
CT 3
CT 4
CT 5
Cc cng thc
4.1.2 nh hng EMINA dinh dng ti ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy
Song song vi qu trnh tng ln v s l l qu trnh tng trng chiu
cao cy. S tng trng chiu cao cy l kt qu ca hai qu trnh gin t bo
v phn chia nh sinh trng. Chiu cao cy c nh hng tt v tng quan
cng chiu vi nng sut cy trng. Chiu cao cy l mt c trng hnh thi
sinh l, n chi phi s l v din tch l. ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy
l ch tiu phn nh sc sinh trng v pht trin cy trng. Khi cng mt
ging v iu kin ngoi cnh th chiu cao cy rt c th ph thuc vo ch
chm sc.
Theo di ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy ci ngt chng ti thu
c kt qu th hin qua bng:
39
Thu hoch
36
(cm/cy)
4,14
5,81
15,58
21,61
23,68
3,87
6,83
18,58
25,77
28,45
4,23
6,79
17,87
22,56
25,70
4,19
6,71
17,90
22,69
24,69
3,98
6,78
18,49
25,95
28,13
1,1
0,52
Chiu cao cy tng nhanh nht sau 28 ngy trng. Chiu cao cy ci
ngt cng thc 2 (18,58 cm), cng thc 5 (18,49cm) l ln hn c. Chiu
cao cy cng thc 1 l nh nht (15,58 cm). Cc cng thc c s dng ch
phm EMINA dinh dng u c chiu cao cy ln hn cng thc 1, chiu
cao cy dao ng t 17,87 cm n 18,49 cm.
Sau 32 ngy trng, chiu cao cy tng chm dn v cy chuyn dn vo
qu trnh sinh trng sinh thc. Cng thc 1 c chiu cao cy thp nht 21,61
cm, tip n l chiu cao cy cng thc 3, cng thc 4. Cy cng thc 2
v cng thc 5 l c chiu cao cy ln hn c.
Ti thi im bt u thu hoch (36 ngy sau trng) chiu cao cy ci
ngt cc cng thc dao ng t 23,68 cm n 28,45 cm. Cng thc 1, cng
thc 3 v cng thc 4 c chiu cao cy tng ng nhau v thp nht (23,68
cm). Cng thc 2, cng thc 5 c chiu cao tng ng nhau v cao nht.
Nh vy, cng mt ging, trong iu kin ngoi cnh nh nhau, nhng
do ch dinh dng khc nhau th chiu cao cy ci ngt khc nhau, phun vi
Trng i hc Nng Nghip H Ni Lun vn thc s khoa hc nng nghip
40
Thu hoch
36
(g/cy)
2,33
3,45
4,52
6,63
12,54
2,24
3,55
4,78
8,66
13,71
2,38
3,59
4,65
7,14
12,66
2,36
3,58
4,89
8,71
12,76
2,32
3,60
4,56
7,86
13,69
1,1
0,41
Nhn xt:
Sau trng 28 ngy khi lng cy cc cng thc khng c s khc
nhau. Khi lng cy dao ng t 4,52g n 4,89g.
Sau trng 32 ngy, cy bt u i vo qu trnh tch ly khi lng cy
bt u c s khc nhau cc cng thc. Cng thc 1, cng thc 5 khi lng
41
Cng thc
CT 1
(Nc)
CT 2
(Phn bn l)
CT 3
(EMINA 0,5%)
CT 4
(EMINA 0,75%)
CT 5
(EMINA 1%)
CV %
LSD 0,05
Nng sut
Khi lng
(tn/ha)
cy
S cy / m2
(g/cy)
(cy)
NSLT NSTT
Tng so vi
C (%)
12,54
183,3
19,54
15,53
13,71
181,6
21,17
18,63
20,0
12,66
181,3
19,51
16,68
7,4
12,76
182,5
19,79
16,77
7,9
13,69
181,5
21,12
18,19
17,1
2,3
0,73
42
NSLT v NSTT
25
20
Nng sut 15
(tn/ha) 10
NSLT
NSTT
5
0
CT 1
CT 2
CT 3
CT 4
CT 5
Cng thc
Sau trng
(ngy)
CT 1
(Nc)
36
5,83
38
18,37
10,53
11,85
13,25
9,83
40
25,72
22,46
18,83
21,87
16,67
30,38
27,47
26,82
22,81
Hoa n
Hoa n
Hoa n
42
44
46
Hoa n
CT 5
(EMINA
1%)
4,26
31,66
Hoa n
43
Nhn xt
i vi cng thc 1 (phun nc) phi thu hoch song trc 40 ngy
sau trng. Cng thc 2, cng thc 3, cng thc 4 phi thu trc 42 ngy sau
trng. Cng thc 5 thu hoch trc 44 ngy sau trng. Vic c th ko di
thi gian thu hoch s to iu kin cho ngi sn xut la chn thi im
thu hoch c gi bn cao, mt khc s ng u ca sn phm gim rt nhiu
cng thu hoch v c th p dng c gii ha.
Ngoi cc yu t cu thnh nng sut th yu t cht lng cng v
cng quan trng. N quyt nh thnh phn dinh dng cung cp cho con
ngi v c bit an ton cho ngi tiu dng. V l chng ti tin
hnh nh gi mt s ch tiu quan trng v hm lng cc cht trong cy ci
ngt khi thu hoch
Bng 4.1.6: nh hng ca ch phm EMINA dinh dng
ti mt s ch tiu cht lng
Hm lng
Hm lng
ng tng s
Vitamin C
(%)
(mg/100g)
CT 1
(Nc)
1,07
28,96
531,06
CT 2
(Phn bn l)
1,84
33,23
961,55
CT 3
(EMINA 0,5%)
1,45
29,45
576,22
CT 4
(EMINA 0,75%)
1,58
32,67
562,86
CT 5
(EMINA 1%)
1,71
32,82
665,27
Cng thc
TCVN
Hm lng NO-3
(mg/kg ti)
1000
44
Nhn xt:
Qua bng trn chng ti nhn thy, hm lng ng tng s, hm
lng vitamin C v hm lng NO-3 ca cng thc 1 l thp nht, v cng
thc 2 l cao nht. C 3 cng thc phun ch phm EMINA dinh dng u
cho 3 ch tiu cao hn cng thc 1 khng phun v thp hn cng thc 2.
Trong cng thc 5 u cho cc ch tiu theo di cao hn hai cng thc 3,4.
Tuy nhin da theo tiu chun (TCVN 5247:1990) th c 5 cng thc trn u
c hm lng NO-3 di mc cho php, an ton cho ngi s dng.
Bng 4.1.7: nh hng ca ch phm EMINA dinh dng
ti hm lng mt s kim loi nng
Hg
As
Cd
Pb
(mg/kg ti)
(mg/kg ti)
(mg/kg ti)
(mg/kg ti)
CT 1
(Nc)
0,0028
0,0048
0,0123
0,6073
CT 2
(Phn bn l)
0,0021
0,0068
0,0143
0,6108
CT 3
(EMINA 0,5%)
0,0027
0,0060
0,0133
0,5708
CT 4
(EMINA 0,75%)
0,0021
0,0051
0,0134
0,5701
CT 5
(EMINA 1%)
0,0020
0,0052
0,0136
0,5697
TCVN
0,005
0,2
0,02
0,5 1,0
Nhn xt
Hm lng kim loi nng Hg, As, Cd v Pb trong sn phm rau vi cc
cng thc cho chng ti kt lun hm lng kim loi nng trong sn phm
tt c cc cng thc u nm trong hoc thp hn TCVN quy nh.
45
CT 1
(Nc)
CT 2
(Phn
bn l)
CT 3
(EMINA
0,5 %)
CT 4
(EMINA
0,75 %)
CT 5
(EMINA
1%)
664
9 160
664
9 160
664
9 160
664
9 160
664
9 160
20 000
20 000
20 000
20 000
20 000
400
1 100
814
954
1 232
36 224
54 355
18 131
36 924
65 205
28 281
36 638
58 380
21 742
36 778
58 695
21 917
37 056
63 665
26 609
46
47
27
41
2,03
4,45
2,18
THC
55
69
83
90
8,48
13,50
17,05
19,60
20,30
20,83
4,37
8,55
13,66
17,22
19,72
20,26
20,87
2,20
4,42
8,43
13,55
17,13
19,60
20,22
20,80
2,15
4,35
8,53
13,68
17,18
19,68
20,28
20,82
2,12
4,33
8,52
13,62
17,07
19,62
20,18
20,73
48
49
Bng 4.2.2: nh hng ca ch phm EMINA tho dc ti din bin t l su gy hi trn n, hoa
Ngy sau trng (ngy)
Cng
thc
CT 1
( Nc)
CT 2
(Thuc HHc)
CT 3
(EMINA 0,5 %)
CT 4
(EMINA 0,75 %)
CT 5
(EMINA 1 %)
TB
48
52
56
59
62
65
68
71
74
77
80
83
86
89
92
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
15,67 20,89 23,17 25,42 30,81 31,11 37,61 38,08 27,35 23,31 21,53 18,75 32,78 17,83 9,58 25,59
16,52
7,21
11,43
7,84
6,27
15,92 13,97 14,39 13,78 11,83 10,44 10,42 12,67 13,64 14,33 15,46 14,61 12,36
9,86
8,06 12,56
8,36
8,67
9,17
8,83
10,14
9,03
7,92
6,67
16,47
9,36
9,92
9,31
10,97
9,17
8,75
7,08 10,72
12,5
8,34
8,68
12,36 12,08
9,03
9,79
11,79
6,77
7,23
7,83
8,25
9,47
50
8,57
9,92
T l su hi trn n hoa
40
T l (%)
35
CT 1
30
CT 2
25
CT 3
20
CT 4
15
CT 5
10
5
48 52 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89 92
Ngy sau trng
51
TB
58
62
66
70
73
76
79
83
87
92
97
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
26,78
31,33
32,72
37,46
27,33
24,39
23,28
21,22
29,83
19,83
12,94
26,10
7,52
7,13
7,32
8,79
8,03
7,76
7,13
7,35
7,69
6,03
5,11
7,26
15,39
15,06
18,17
16,56
14,22
11,56
9,11
17,67
12,72
8,17
5,83
13,13
10,84
10,28
12,28
9,73
8,17
7,61
7,33
9,89
7,67
7,17
5,28
8,75
13,11
13,33
15,44
13,93
11,59
10,67
8,06
10,22
8,44
7,78
6,67
10,84
(%)
52
T l su hi trn qu
40
T l hi (% )
35
CT 1
30
CT 2
25
CT 3
20
CT 4
15
CT 5
10
5
58
62
66
70
73
76
79
83
87
92
97
53
41
48
55
62
69
76
83
90
97
8 9 l tht
Bt u c hoa
Pht trin thn l, ra
hoa, qu non
Pht trin thn l,
ra hoa, qu non
Ra hoa r, thu qu
Ra hoa, qu - thu hoch
Ra hoa, qu - thu hoch
Ra hoa, qu - thu hoch
Thu hoch t cui
CT 1
CT 2
(Nc) (Thuc
HHc)
CT 3
(EMINA
0,5%)
CT 4
(EMINA
0,75%)
CT 5
(EMINA
1%)
0,72
1,75
0,85
1,82
0,75
1,78
0,83
1,67
1,10
2,04
2,12
0,58
2,10
1,95
1,89
3,40
1,07
3,32
2,21
2,36
3,68
5,63
5,11
4,37
2,08
0,74
1,53
0,71
0,55
0,48
3,43
4,04
3,86
3,54
2,77
2,57
2,02
3,05
2,62
2,14
2,68
2,98
3,12
2,76
2,35
Nhn xt
Trong cc giai on sinh trng ca cy mt su lun ln nht
cng thc 1, thp nht cng thc 2, cc cng thc dng ch phm c mt
su nm trong khong gia ca 2 cng thc 1 v 2.
54
CV %
LSD 0,05
Khi lng qu
(g)
Chiu di qu
(cm)
ng knh qu
(mm)
14,97
49,63
5,14
16,21
57,02
5,58
15,68
53,23
5,26
16,09
56,49
5,47
15,73
54,48
5,34
1,6
0,47
0,4
0,38
1,2
0,12
55
Nhn xt:
Vic phun ch phm EMINA tho dc nh hng n khi lng
qu (LSD0,05 = 0,47), chiu di qu (LSD0,05 = 0,38) v khng nh hng ti
ng knh qu (LSD0,05 = 0,12).
i vi khi lng, chiu di qu c s khc bit rt r rng gia vic
phun nc, phun thuc ha hc v phun ch phm EMINA. Phun ch phm
EMINA cho khi lng qu v chiu di qu ln hn khi phun nc v thp
hn khi phun thuc ha hc.
Khi phun thuc ho hc khi lng qu t 16,21g, chiu di qu 57,02
cm trong khi phun nc khi lng qu ch t 14,97g, chiu di qu 49,63
cm. Cng thc 3 phun EMINA vi nng 0,5 % khi lng qu 15,68g,
chiu di qu 53,23 cm; cng thc 4 phun EMINA vi nng 0,75% cho
khi lng qu 16,09 g, chiu di qu 56,49 cm; cn i vi cng thc 5
phun EMINA vi nng 0,1 % cho khi lng qu 15,73g, chiu di qu
54,48 cm.
Thc cht ca vn y khng phi l lm tng khi lng v chiu
di qu m lm tng t l qu thng phm, dn ti khi lng v kch thc
qu trung bnh tng ln. Qu thng phm s s dng lm hng ha.
Bng 4.2.6: nh hng ca ch phm EMINA tho dc ti
tnh trng qu thu hoch
CT 1
Ch tiu
T l qu b su hi
CT 2
CT 3
CT 4
CT 5
0,5%)
0,75%)
1%)
(%)
26,10
7,26
13,13
8,75
10,84
S vt su hi trn qu
(vt/qu)
4,69
1,94
3,77
2,38
2,41
T l qu thng phm
(%)
85, 86
95,99
89,72
93,51
90,39
(g/qu)
16,26
16,38
16,26
16,35
16,23
(tn/ha)
22,87
39,12
25,61
28,35
27,75
56
Nhn xt
Kt qu thu c nh s liu bng 14 cho thy, cc cng thc c s
dng ch phm EMINA tho dc u cho t l qu b hi thp hn so vi
cng thc phun nc v cao hn so vi cng thc phun thuc ha hc.
Khi phun ch phm EMINA tho dc ln cy u a, hiu qu phng
chng su c qu cho nhng kt qu kh quan. Cng thc 4 khi phun vi
nng 75ml ch phm/10 lit nc kt qu kh quan nht t l qu b hi 8,75%
thp nht v tin gn ti t l qu b hi khi phun bng thuc ha hc 7,26%.
Mt ch tiu rt quan trng chong vic nh gi nng sut l t l qu
thng phm. Cng nh cc ch tiu khc, t l qu thng phm cng thc
1 l thp nht (85,86%), tip n l cc cng thc s dng ch phm EMINA
tho dc (t 89,72% n 93,51) v t l ny l cao nht cng thc s dng
thuc ha hc (95,99%). T kt qu ny chng ta c th d on nng sut
cng thc 2 c s dng thuc ha hc s ln nht.
Kt qu tnh ton nng sut c th hin qua bng di y
Bng 4.2.7: nh hng ca ch phm EMNIA tho dc ti nng sut
v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut qu thng phm
Cng
thc
CT 1
( Nc)
CT 2
(Thuc HHc)
CT 3
(EMINA 0,5 %)
CT 4
(EMINA 0,75 %)
CT 5
(EMINA 1 %)
K. lng
qu thng
phm (g)
S qu
/cy
(qu)
S ln
thu
hoch
(ln)
16,26
2,72
11
200
32,51
22,87
16,38
2,82
11
200
34,04
29,12
16,26
2,76
11
200
32,73
25,61
16,35
2,85
11
200
33,89
28,35
16,23
2,82
11
200
33,25
27,75
S cy / NSLT
NSTT
(cy)
(tn/ha) (tn/ha)
CV %
2,1
LSD 0,05
3,4
57
NSLT v NSTT
30
Nng sut 20
(tn/ha)
10
NSLT (tn/ha)
NSTT (tn/ha)
0
CT 1 CT 2 CT 3 CT 4 CT 5
Cng thc
Hnh 4.5: So snh nng sut l thuyt v nng sut thc thu
Nhn xt
Qua bng 4.2.7 v hnh 4.5 chng ta nhn thy cy u a cng thc
2 cho nng sut thc thu cao hn so vi cc cng thc khc 29,12 tn/ha so
vi 28,35 tn/ha; 27,75 tn/ha; 25,61 tn/ha v 22,873 tn/ha. cng thc phun
nc cho nng sut thp hn hn (22,87 tn/ha). Cng thc c s dng ch
phm EMINA cng khc nhau v ph thuc vo nng phun, nng phun
0,75 % nng sut thc thu cao nht.
Ni tm li, hiu lc ca EMINA tho dc trong vic xua ui su
c qu gy hi trn u a c khc nhau khi phun vi cc nng khc
nhau. Cng thc 4 vi nng phun 0,75 % cho hiu qu cao nht trong vic
xua ui su hi v vn thp hn khi s dng thuc ha hc.
58
CT 1
CT 2
CT 3
CT 4
CT 5
(Nc)
(Thuc
HHc)
(EMINA
0,5%)
(EMINA
0,75%)
(EMINA
1%)
Ht ging
1 495,8
1 495,8
1 495,8
1 495,8
1 495,8
Phn bn
10 900,0
10 900,0
10 900,0
10 900,0
10 900,0
6 750,0
6 750,0
6 750,0
6 750,0
6 750,0
35 500,0
35 500,0
35 500,0
35 500,0
35 500,0
1 080,0
1 485,0
2 580,0
3 280,0
4 080,0
10 000,0
10 000,0
10 000,0
10 000,0
10 000,0
Tng chi
65 725,8
66 130,8
67 225,8
67 925,8
68 725,8
Tng thu
89 635,0
99 225,0
97 125,0
Li nhun
14 319,2
22 409,2
31 299,2
28 399,2
Na
Lm t, gieo ht, chm sc
Ch phm, cng phun
35 789,2
59
PHN 5
K LUN V NGH
5.1 Kt lun
1.S dng ch phm vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA dinh dng trong sn
xut rau ci ngt, c tc dng thc y cy sinh trng pht trin tt, nng
sut c th t l 18,19 tn/ha, trong khi rau c phun bng phn bn l t
18,63 tn/ha v rau sn sut thng thng ch t 15,53 tn/ha.
2. S dng ch phn vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA dinh dng trong sn
xut rau ci ngt gip tng li nhun t t 3.611.000 n 8.478.000 cho
mt ha sn xut trong mt la.
3. S dng ch phm vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA dinh dng trong sn
xut rau ci ngt vn m bo c tiu chun cht lng m B NN&PTNT
ph chun.
4. S dng ch phm vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA tho dc trong
phng tr su c qu trn u a khng nh hng ti qu trnh sinh trng
pht trin ca cy.
5. S dng ch phm vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA tho dc trong
phng tr su c qu trn u a phn no lm gim t l qu b su hi
xung cn t 8,75 % - 13,13 %. Trong khi s dng thc phun thuc ho hc
t l ny l 7,82% v khi phun nc th t l su c qu l 26,10%.
6. S dng ch phm vi sinh vt hu hiu EMINA tho dc trong
phng tr su c qu trn u, nng phun 0,75% cho hiu qu cao nht.
Khi s dng ch phm th thu nhp mi ha s tng ln t 10.090.000 16.980.000
60
5.2 ngh
Th nghim, a vo sn xut ch phm EMINA dinh dng trn
nhiu loi cy trng khc chng minh hiu qu ca ch phm trong cng
tc sn xut rau an ton
Th nghim, a vo sn xut ch phm EMINA tho dc trn cc
i tng cn trng khc khng nh tnh u vit ca loi ch phm trong
cng tc sn xut rau an toan, gp phn bo v mi trng v h sinh thi
nng nghip
61
62
63
64
13. Nguyn Xun Thnh, Nguyn B Hin, Hong Hi, V Th Hon (2005),
Vi sinh vt hc Nng Nghip, NXB Gio dc.
14. Phm Vn Ty, V Nguyn Thnh, Cng Ngh Sinh Hc, tp nm. Cng
ngh vi sinh v mi trng.
15. Nguyn Th Kim Yn (2003) Nghin cu kh nng gy c ch vi khun
gy thi nem chua, Kho lun tt nghip h i hc chnh quy, H
Quc gia H Ni.
16. Phm Vn Ton (2002), Kt qu nghin cu ng dng phn bn vi sinh vt
trong Nng nghip, Tp ch Nng nghip v PTNT, s 1/2002
17. Moustiere, Paule (2006), Pht trin th trng cho cc loi rau ti vng
ven : Tm tt cc hot ng ca SUSPER, trang 8
18. Figuie, Muriel (2003), Thi ngi tiu dng i vi rau Vit Nam
(CIRAD), trang 12
19. T Thu Cc (2005), K thut trng cy u rau, NXB Nng nghip H
Ni
Ti liu ting nc ngoi
1.Teruo Higa. Technology of Effective Microorganisms : Concept and
Phisiology. Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK. 2002.
2. Gurrero R, Pedros Alio C., ESteve I., and Mas J., (1987), Commmunities
of photrophic sulfur bacteria in lakes of
Soainish Mediterranean
65
66
67
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Tnh hnh thi tit kh hu t 9/2/2011 n 22/3/2011
Tun
Tun
Thng
Tun
Tun
11 - 20/2
21 - 28/2
1 - 10/3
11 - 20/3
10 - 15
4-6
15 - 20
15 - 20
97 - 116
100 - 150
t0 TB 0C
15,1
19,1
17,4
17 5
15,3
16,5
t0 Max 0C
27
25,5
27,4
23
21,5
25,2
t0 Min 0C
10,4
14,6
9,5
14
9,1
9,1
88
88 - 90
83 - 86
85 - 88
90 - 92
86
gi nng (h)
7 -10
23 - 25
K0c nng
10 - 15
bc hi (mm)
10 - 15
7 - 10
35 - 45
9 - 12
15 - 18
10
Lng ma (mm)
m (%)
Thng 3
68
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
SO LA FILE LA CAI
24/11/11 6:41
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 SO LA LA
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 5.40142
1.35035
23.92 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 .564484
.564484E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 5.96590
.426136
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE LA CAI
24/11/11 6:41
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
N LAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
SO LA
8.05833
9.58333
8.33333
9.43333
9.04167
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.137172
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
1.532234
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE LA CAI
24/11/11 6:41
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
N LAI
SO LA
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 8.8900
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
0.65279
0.23759
2.7 0.0001
|
|
|
|
69
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
CCAY FILE CCAY
24/11/11 6:50
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 CCAY
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 52.9414
13.2354
162.61 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 .813931
.813931E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 53.7554
3.83967
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE CCAY
24/11/11 6:50
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
N LAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
CCAY
23.6800
28.4500
25.7000
28.1333
24.6933
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.164715
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
0.519023
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE CCAY
24/11/11 6:50
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
N LAI
CCAY
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 26.131
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
1.9595
0.28529
1.1 0.0000
|
|
|
|
70
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE KLUONG1 FILE KLUONG1
24/11/11 7: 0
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 KLUONG1
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 4.03789
1.00947
19.97 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 .505386
.505386E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 4.54328
.324520
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE KLUONG1
24/11/11 7: 0
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
CT$
NOS
3
3
3
3
NLAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
KLUONG1
12.5333
13.7100
12.6633
12.7587
CT 5
2.00000
13.6913
CT
CT
CT
CT
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.129793
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
0.408982
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE KLUONG1
24/11/11 7: 0
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
NLAI
KLUONG1
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 13.071
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
0.56967
0.22481
1.1 0.0001
|
|
|
|
71
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE NSUAT 1 FILE NSUAT 1
24/11/11 21:29
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 NSUAT 1 1
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 18.8089
4.70223
29.12 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 1.61467
.161467
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 20.4236
1.45883
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE NSUAT 1
24/11/11 21:29
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
NLAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
NSUAT 1
15.5333
18.6333
16.7667
16.6800
18.1933
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.231996
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
0.731028
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE NSUAT 1
24/11/11 21:29
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
NLAI
NSUAT 1
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 17.161
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
1.2078
0.40183
2.3 0.0000
|
|
|
|
72
CT 1
n v
Ht ging
Phn chung
gram
Kg
Ln supe
Lng
Gi/n v
()
8 300
15 000
80
300
664 000
4 500 000
kg
520
3 000
1 560 000
m ure
kg
150
10 000
1 500 000
Kali Clorua
kg
100
16 000
1 600 000
Lm t
Cng
100
100 000
10 000 000
Gieo ht
Chm sc
Cng phun
Ch phm
Thu hoch v tiu th
Cng
Cng
Bnh
30
70
20
100 000
100 000
20 000
Cng
60
100 000
3 000 000
7 000 000
400 000
0
6 000 000
Tng chi
Phn thu c
36 224 000
kg
15 530
3500
Li nhun
CT2
CT 3
Thnh tin
()
54 355 000
18 131 000
Ht ging
gram
8 300
80
664 000
Phn chung
Kg
15 000
300
4 500 000
Ln supe
kg
520
3 000
1 560 000
m ure
Kali Clorua
Lm t
Gieo ht
Chm sc
Cng phun
Ch phm
Thu hoch v tiu th
Tng chi
Phn thu c
Li nhun
Ht ging
Phn chung
Ln supe
m ure
Kali Clorua
kg
kg
Cng
Cng
Cng
Bnh
Gi
150
100
100
30
70
20
140
60
10 000
16 000
100 000
100 000
100 000
20 000
5 000
100 000
18 630
3500
8 300
15 000
520
150
100
80
300
3 000
10 000
16 000
1 500 000
1 600 000
10 000 000
3 000 000
7 000 000
400 000
700 000
6 000 000
36 924 000
65 205 000
28 281 000
664 000
4 500 000
1 560 000
1 500 000
1 600 000
gram
Kg
kg
kg
kg
73
CT 4
CT 5
Lm t
Gieo ht
Chm sc
Cng phun
Ch phm
Thu hoch v tiu th
Tng chi
Phn thu c
Li nhun
Ht ging
Phn chung
Ln supe
m ure
Kali Clorua
Lm t
Gieo ht
Chm sc
Cng phun
Ch phm
Thu hoch v tiu th
Tng chi
Phn thu c
Li nhun
Ht ging
Phn chung
Ln supe
m ure
Kali Clorua
Lm t
Gieo ht
Chm sc
Cng phun
Ch phm
Thu hoch v tiu th
Tng chi
Phn thu c
Li nhun
Cng
Cng
Cng
Bnh
Lt
gram
Kg
kg
kg
kg
Cng
Cng
Cng
Bnh
Lt
Cng
gram
Kg
kg
kg
kg
Cng
Cng
Cng
Bnh
Lt
Cng
100
30
70
20
21
60
100 000
100 000
100 000
20 000
20 000
100 000
16 680
3500
8 300
15 000
520
150
100
100
30
70
20
28
60
80
300
3 000
10 000
16 000
100 000
100 000
100 000
20 000
20 000
100 000
16 770
3500
8 300
15 000
520
150
100
100
30
70
20
42
60
80
300
3 000
10 000
16 000
100 000
100 000
100 000
20 000
20 000
100 000
18 190
3500
10 000 000
3 000 000
7 000 000
400 000
414 000
6 000 000
36 638 000
58 380 000
21 742 000
664 000
4 500 000
1 560 000
1 500 000
1 600 000
10 000 000
3 000 000
7 000 000
400 000
554 000
6 000 000
36 778 000
58 695 000
21 917 000
664 000
4 500 000
1 560 000
1 500 000
1 600 000
10 000 000
3 000 000
7 000 000
400 000
832 000
6 000 000
37 056 000
63 665 000
26 609 000
74
Thng 5
Thng 6
Thng 7
Lng ma (mm)
60 - 70
210 - 380
190 - 260
230 - 378
t0 TB 0C
23,1
25,9 - 26,4
28,5 - 29
28, 5 - 29
t0 Max 0C
31
34,8
37
38,6
t0 Min 0C
14
20
23,8
23,8
m (%)
80 - 85
80 - 83
80 - 85
83 - 87
gi nng (h)
50 - 55
130 - 140
130 - 145
140 - 157
bc hi (mm)
60
65 - 70
60 - 70
65 - 90
75
SOURCE OF VARIATION
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 2.82916
.707290
10.55 0.001 2
* RESIDUAL
10 .670733
.670733E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 3.49989
.249992
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE KL QUA
25/11/11 5:51
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
DF
NLAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
KL QUA
14.9700
16.2133
15.6800
16.0900
15.7333
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.149525
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
0.471159
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE KL QUA
25/11/11 5:51
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
NLAI
KL QUA
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 15.737
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
0.49999
0.25899
1.6 0.0015
|
|
|
|
76
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAI QUA FILE DAI QUA
25/11/11 6:16
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 DAI QUA
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 103.728
25.9321
597.04 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 .434344
.434344E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 104.163
7.44020
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE DAI QUA
25/11/11 6:16
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
NLAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
DAI QUA
49.6300
57.0200
54.2300
56.4867
53.4833
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.120325
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
0.379149
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE DAI QUA
25/11/11 6:16
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
NLAI
DAI QUA
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 54.170
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
2.7277
0.20841
0.4 0.0000
|
|
|
|
77
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
D KINH FILE DKINH
25/11/11 6:24
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 D KINH
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 .351093
.877733E-01 21.83 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 .402001E-01 .402001E-02
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 .391293
.279495E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE DKINH
25/11/11 6:24
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
NLAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
D KINH
5.14333
5.57667
5.25667
5.47000
5.34000
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
0.366061E-01
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
0.115347
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE DKINH
25/11/11 6:24
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
NLAI
D KINH
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15
5.3573
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
0.16718
0.63404E-01
|
|
|
|
1.2 0.0001
78
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4
0.000000
0.000000
0.00 1.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 10.0000
1.00000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 10.0000
.714286
----------------------------------------------------------------------------BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE NSUAT 2 FILE NSUAT2
25/11/11 5:28
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
VARIATE V003 NSUAT 2
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 CT$
4 269.894
67.4734
19.10 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
10 35.3234
3.53234
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
14 305.217
21.8012
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE NSUAT2
25/11/11 5:28
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
3
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
1
2
3
4
5
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
NLAI
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
2.00000
NSUAT 2
22.8733
29.1233
25.6100
28.3500
27.7500
SE(N=
3)
0.577350
1.08510
5%LSD 10DF
1.81925
3.41919
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE NSUAT2
25/11/11 5:28
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
4
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
NLAI
NSUAT 2
GRAND MEAN
(N=
15)
NO.
OBS.
15 2.0000
15 91.519
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |CT$
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
0.84515
1.0000
50.0 1.0000
4.6692
1.8795
2.1 0.0002
|
|
|
|
79
CT 1
CT 2
n v
Gi/n v
()
Thnh tin
()
Ht ging
Phn chung
Supe ln
kg
kg
kg
33,24
15000
400
45 000
300
3 000
1 495 800
4 500 000
1 200 000
m Ure
kg
200
10 000
2 000 000
Kali clorua
kg
200
16 000
3 200 000
Mua na
270
25 000
6 750 000
Lm t
Gieo ht
cng
cng
80
55
100 000
100 000
8 000 000
5 500 000
Chm sc
cng
220
100 000
22 000 000
Cng phun
Ch phm
bnh
54
20 000
1 080 000
0
cng
100
100 000
10 000 000
65 725 800
Tng thu
kg
22870
3 500
80 045 000
Li nhun
Ht ging
kg
33,24
45 000
14 319 200
1 495 800
Phn chung
Supe ln
m Ure
kg
kg
kg
15000
400
200
300
3 000
10 000
4 500 000
1 200 000
2 000 000
Kali clorua
kg
200
16 000
3 200 000
Mua na
270
25 000
6 750 000
Lm t
Gieo ht
cng
cng
80
55
100 000
100 000
8 000 000
5 500 000
Chm sc
cng
220
100 000
22 000 000
Cng phun
Thuc tr su
bnh
Gi
54
135
20 000
3 000
1 080 000
405 000
cng
100
100 000
10 000 000
66 130 800
29120
3500
Phn c hng
CT 3
Lng
Li nhun
Ht ging
kg
33,24
45 000
35 789 200
1 495 800
Phn chung
Supe ln
kg
kg
15000
400
300
3 000
4 500 000
1 200 000
m Ure
kg
200
10 000
2 000 000
Kali clorua
kg
200
16 000
3 200 000
80
Mua na
Lm t
b
cng
270
80
25 000
100 000
6 750 000
8 000 000
Gieo ht
Chm sc
cng
cng
55
220
100 000
100 000
5 500 000
22 000 000
Cng phun
bnh
54
20 000
1 080 000
Ch phm
lt
75
20 000
1 500 000
cng
100
100 000
10 000 000
Tng chi
67 225 800
Phn c hng
CT 4
25610
89 635 000
Li nhun
Ht ging
Phn chung
kg
kg
33,24
15000
45 000
300
22 409 200
1 495 800
4 500 000
Supe ln
m Ure
kg
kg
400
200
3 000
10 000
1 200 000
2 000 000
Kali clorua
Mua na
kg
b
200
270
16 000
25 000
3 200 000
6 750 000
Lm t
Gieo ht
cng
cng
80
55
100 000
100 000
8 000 000
5 500 000
Chm sc
Cng phun
cng
bnh
220
54
100 000
20 000
22 000 000
1 080 000
Ch phm
Thu hoch v tiu th
lt
cng
110
100
20 000
100 000
2 200 000
10 000 000
3 500
67 925 800
99 225 000
Tng chi
Phn c hng
CT 5
3 500
28350
Li nhun
Ht ging
kg
33,24
45 000
31 299 200
1 495 800
Phn chung
Supe ln
kg
kg
15000
400
300
3 000
4 500 000
1 200 000
m Ure
kg
200
10 000
2 000 000
Kali clorua
kg
200
16 000
3 200 000
Mua na
270
25 000
6 750 000
Lm t
Gieo ht
cng
cng
80
55
100 000
100 000
8 000 000
5 500 000
Chm sc
cng
220
100 000
22 000 000
Cng phun
bnh
54
20 000
1 080 000
Ch phm
lt
150
20 000
3 000 000
cng
100
100 000
10 000 000
68 725 800
27750
3 500
97 125 000
Phn c hng
Li nhun
28 399 200
81
Ph lc 13: Hm lng kim loi cho php trong cc loi thc phm
TT
Thc phm
Asen Ch ng Thic Km
Thy
ngn
Cadini Antimon
As
Pb
Cu
Sn
Zn
Hg
Cd
Sb
Sa v sn phm sa
0,5
30
40
40
0,05
20
40
40
0,05
C v sn phm c
30
40
100
0,05
Du m
0,1
0,1
0,1
40
40
0,05
Rau qu
30
40
40
0,05
Nc p rau qu
0,1
0,5
10
40
0,05
10,15
Ch v sn phm ch
150
40
40
0,05
C ph
30
40
40
0,05
Cacao v sn phm
70
40
40
0,05
10
Gia v
30
40
40
0,05
11
Nc chm
0,2
30
40
40
0,05
12
ung c ruu dm
0,5
0,5
40
0,05
0,15
0,1
10
40
25
0,05
0,15
0,1
0,2
40
0,05
0,15
0,1
0,5
40
40
0,05
long
Nc gii kht dng
ngay
Thc n tr em ch
14
15
240
0,05
nhm 14)
82
Tn rau
Bp ci
500
Su ho
500
Supl
500
Ci c
500
X lch
1.500
u n qu
200
C chua
150
C tm
400
Da hu
60
10
Da b
90
11
Da chut
150
12
Khoai ty
250
13
Hnh ty
80
14
Hnh l
400
15
Bu b
400
16
Ng rau
300
17
C rt
250
18
Mng ty
200
19
Ti
500
20
t ngt
200
21
t cay
400
22
Rau gia v
600
83
Tn nguyn t v c t
Mc gii hn (mg/kg,l)
Asen (As)
0,2
Ch (Pb)
ng (Cu)
5,0
Cadimi (Cd)
0,02
Km (Zn)
10,0
Bo (B)
1,8
Thic (Sn)
200
Antimon (Sb)
1,0
10
Patulin (c t)
0,05
11
Aflatoxin (c t)
0,005
0,5 - 1,0
0,005
Nguyn t
Mc cho php
( mg/kg)
Arsenic (As)
12
Cardimi (Cd)
ng (Cu)
50
Ch (Pb)
70
Km (Zn)
200
84
Vi sinh vt
Mc cho php
(CFU /g)
0/25 g
Coli forms
Staphylococcus aureus
Gii hn bi GAP
Escherichia coli
Gii hn bi GAP
Clostridium perfringens
Gii hn bi GAP
10/g
85