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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Since the development of the principal meta material-based transmission lines diverse
modern methodologies have been examined and exhibited to the scientific group. By and large,
these transmission lines with novel properties have been gotten by utilizing a host transmission
line stacked with resonators . The amalgamation of these powerful media requires electrically
little unit cells utilizing sub wavelength resonators. The resonators can be coupled in various
ways, i.e., inductive or capacitive coupling, offering ascend to numerous different sorts of
transmission lines. In such manner, split-ring resonators (SRRs) coupled to a coplanar waveguide
have been utilized keeping in mind the end goal to acquire lines with symmetric have been
obtained
CHAPTER 2
ANTENNA ELEMENTS
PROPERTY
ROGERS4003C
CHAPTER 3
ESSENTIAL ENTITIES IN ANTENNA THAT IS TO BE DESIGNED
3.1 SUBSTRATE:
In the design of antennas substrate associated may be termed as layer. It refers to the under layer
of the antenna that is to be designed. It is the under layer in the construction of any antenna.
There are different types of substrates. Mostly used substrates are epoxy, FR4, duroid, foam,
benzocyclobutane, duroid 6010, roger4350 etc. These substrates are utilized to achieve good
bandwidth and gain. It is to be designed as per the material & dimensions required for the
antenna design.
Pick of substrate is essential, we need to consider the temperature, mankind, and other ecological
scopes of working. Thickness of the substrate h bigly affects the resounding recurrence and
transfer speed BW of the reception apparatus. Transmission capacity of the microstrip receiving
wire will increment with expanding of substrate thickness h however with breaking points,
generally the reception apparatus will stop resonating.
The substrate used in this ROGERS 4003C.
There are a substantial number of states of microstrip patch recieving wires; they have been
intended to match particular attributes. A portion of the normal sorts are appeared below, for
millimeter wave frequencies, the most well-known sorts are rectangular, square, and round
patches. The mostly used patch is rectangular patch. In this the antenna to be designed uses
rectangular patch. In this antenna design a rectangular patch is used. In this the antenna to be
designed consists of a Y-shaped slot on the patch.
In this the rectangular boxes are to be clubbed forming a Y shaped slot on the patch. The YShaped slot is to be constructed with slot stub acting as isolation between the two rectangles that
formed Y-shaped antennas.
Microstrip line feed is one of the less demanding techniques to manufacture as it is a simply
directing strip interfacing with the patch and hence can be consider as augmentation of patch. It
is easy to model and simple to coordinate by controlling the inset position. However the
weakness of this strategy is that as substrate thickness expands, surface wave and spurious food
radiation increments which restrict the data transfer capacity.
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Fig 3.4.4 Inset Feed for a patch antenna
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In the design of balanced CRLH microstrip line with CSRRS we used microstrip line feed
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STRIP LINE:
This kind of microstrip line low radiation, Q variable of around 400 and will bolster 35 to 250
ohm impedance range. This write is poor for chip mounting
SUSPENDED LINE:
This kind of microstrip or transmission line will have low radiation, Q component of around 500
, impedance from 40 and 150 territory. It is reasonable to mount chip on suspended stripline.
SLOT LINE:
This kind of microstrip line will have medium radiation, bolster Q element of around 100,
impedance from 60 to 200. It is anything but difficult to mount chip in shunt mode and hard to
mount in arrangement mode.
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FINLINE FEED:
This kind of microstrip line has no radiation and Q component of 500. It is reasonable to mount
chip utilizing this kind of transmission line.
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CHAPTER 4
ANTENNA PROPERTIES AND SPECIFICATIONS
4.1 ANTENNA SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Operating frequency
2.Scattering parameters
3.Return loss
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where RL(dB) is the return loss in dB, Pi is the incident power and Pr is the reflected power.
Return misfortune is identified with both standing wave proportion (SWR) and reflection
coefficient (). Expanding return misfortune relates to bring down SWR. Return misfortune is a
measure of how well gadgets or lines are coordinated. A match is great if the arrival misfortune
is high. An exceptional yield misfortune is alluring and brings about a lower insertion
misfortune.
Return misfortune is utilized as a part of present day rehearse in inclination to SWR in light of
the fact that it has better determination for little estimations of reflected wave.
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CHAPTER-5
ANTENNA CONFIGURATION
5.1.1 MODIFIED BASIC CELL:
The basic cell consists of substrate whose thickness is 1.524 mm and the name of the material
used for the substrate is rogers 4003 substrate .on the top of the substrate right and left handed
line is doped and the lumped ports are applied at both the ends to get improved frequency
response and bandwidth enhancement .And the bottom layer of the substrate split ring resonator
is doped.
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Fig. 5.2.1 Fabricated modified CSRR loaded microstrip cell. Dimensions after
Wms=3.37,gms=0.5,rr=3.68,cr=2,wr=0.4,gr=0.4,grc=0.8,l=11. considering
overmilling are and Dimensions are in millimeters.(a) Top. (b) Bottom.
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CHAPTER 6
PROCEDURE TO DESIGN REQUIRED ANTENNA IN HFSS:
1. Initially take a box from hfss design window and draw a box with desired dimensions namely
L=11mm,w=11mm,thickness=1.524mm
2. Name the box as substrate and assign rogers 40003 c material whose relative
permittivity=3.55mm.
3. Draw the ground plane on the substrate.
4. To design an ring take four circles of radius r1=3.94mm, r2=3.74mm, r3=3.54mm,
r4=3.34mm in the ground plane and name the circles as circle 1,circle 2,circle 3,circle 4
respectively.
5. Using subtract command subtract circle 1 from circle 2 and name it as circle 5.
6. Using subtract command subtract circle 3 from circle 4 and name it as circle 6.
7. Two rings are formed and the rectangular strip is inserted at center of ring 2.
8. Using unite function add circle 5 and circle 6 and rectangular strip
9. Finally a ring is formed at the bottom layer of the substrate and name it as patch.
10. Assign E arm boundaries to the patch .
11. Now draw the rectangular box on the top of the substrate and dimensions of the box along
length=11mm and width =3.37mm.
12. The rectangular box is split into two boxes which are seperated by a distance of gms=0.5mm
13. Name it as patch1 and assign perfect E arm boundary to it.
14. Apply lumped ports to both the ends of the rectangular boxes and name the ports as port 1
and port 2 respectively.
15. Draw an radiation box of the dimensions l=13mm w=13mm covering the whole substrate
16. Assign boundary to the radiation box
17. Apply analysis set up for given hfss design and add frequency sweep
18. Go for validation check present in the status bar of hfss tool.
19. If it is ok run the simulation
20. Finally plot the graph between the frequency and scattering parameters namely S11,S21,
S22,S12, respectively.
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CHAPTER 7
RESULTS
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CHAPTER 8
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CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES:
1.F. Martn, J. Bonache, F. Falcone, M. Sorolla, and R. Marqus, Splitring resonator-based lefthanded coplanar waveguide, Appl. Phys.Lett., vol. 83, no. 22, pp. 46524654, 2003.
2 F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J. Baena, R. Marques, F. Martin, and M.Sorolla, Effective negative-o
stopband microstrip lines based on complementary split ring resonators, IEEE Microw. Wireless
Compon.Lett., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 280282, Jun. 2004.
3 R. Marques, F. Mesa, J. Martel, and F. Medina, Comparative analysisof edge- and broadside
coupled split ring resonators for metamaterial designTheory and experiments, IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagvol. 51, no. 10, pp. 25722581, Oct. 2003
4 A. L. Borja, J. Carbonell, V. E. Boria, and D. Lippens, Symmetrical frequency response in a
split ring resonator based transmission line,Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, no. 20, p. 203 505-1, Nov.
2008.
5 A. L. Borja, J. Carbonell, V. E. Boria, and D. Lippens, Highly selective left-handed
transmission line loaded with split ring resonators and wires, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 94, no. 14,
2009.
6 J. Carbonell, A. L. Borja, V. E. Boria, and D. Lippens, Duality and superposition in split-ringresonator-loaded planar transmission lines,IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 8, pp.
886889, 2009.