Appendix A

LIST OF COMMON IONS AND

SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES
I.

Cations

Aluminum
Ammonium
Antimony (III)
Antimony (V)
Arsenic (III)
Bismuth
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromous/chromium (II)
Chromic/chromium (III)
Cobaltous/cobalt (II)
Cobaltic/cobalt (III)
Cuprous/copper (I)
Sn4+
Cupric/copper (II)
Hydrogen

II.

Al3+
NH4+
Sb3+
Sb5+
As3+
Bi3+
Ba2+
Cd2+
Ca2+
Cr2+
Cr3+
Co2+
Co3+
Cu+

Ferrous/iron (II)
Ferric/iron (III)
Plumbous/lead (II)
Plumbic/lead (IV)
Magnesium
Mercurous/mercury (I)
Mercuric/mercury (II)
Nickel
Potassium
Sodium
Silver
Strontium
Stannous/tin (II)
Stannic/tin (IV)

Fe2+
Fe3+
Pb2+
Pb4+
Mg2+
Hg22+
Hg2+
Ni2+
K+
Na+
Ag+
Sr2+
Sn2+

Cu2+
H+

Zinc

Zn2+

C2H3O2 AsO3 3AsO4 3HCO3HSO4HS HSO3HPO4 2BrO3Br CO3 2ClO3ClO2CrO4 2Cl CN H2PO4 Cr2O7 2FFe(CN)6 3Fe(CN)6 4HOH -

Hypochlorite
Hypoiodite
Iodate
Iodide
Manganate
Nitrate
Nitride
Nitrite
Oxalate
Oxide
Perchlorate
Periodate
Permanganate
Peroxide
Phosphate
Phosphite
Silicate
Sulfate
Sulfide
Sulfite
Thiocyanate
Thiosulfate

Anions

Acetate
Arsenite
Arsenate
Bicarbonate
Bisulfate
Bisulfide
Bisulfite
Biphosphate
Bromate
Bromide
Carbonate
Chlorate
Chlorite
Chromate
Chloride
Cyanide
Dihydrogen phosphate
Dichromate
Fluoride
Ferricyanide
Ferrocyanide
Hydride
Hydroxide

58

ClOIOIO3 IMnO3NO3N 3NO2C2O42O 2ClO4IO4MnO4 O2 2PO4 3PO3 3SiO3 2SO4 2S2SO3 2SCN S2O3 2-

III. Soluble and Insoluble Substances

Common Substances that do not
Dissociate in Water
Substances

Common Substances that

Dissociate in Water

Examples

Substances

1. Gases

CO2, NO2, N2, H2, NH3

2. Oxides

Fe2O3, Al2O3, MgO

3. Water

H2O

4. Weak acids

HC2H3O2 , H3PO4,
H2CO3, HCN, H2S, HF
NH4OH, Be(OH)2
Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)3,

5. Weak bases
6. Salts
a. sulfates of Sr2+,
Ba2+, Pb2+, and
Hg22+

Examples

1. Strong acids

HCl, HClO4, HClO3,

HNO3, H2SO4, HI,
HBr

2. Strong bases:
hydroxides of Groups I
and II metal ions
except those of Be2+
and Mg2+

NaOH, Ca(OH)2,
Ba(OH)2, KOH

SrSO4, PbSO4, BaSO4,

Hg2SO4

3. Salts:
a. nitrates, nitrites,
acetates, chlorates

b. carbonates,
phosphates,
borates, arsenates,
(except those of
Mg+, NH4+, and
Group I A metal
ions)

CaCO3, PbCO3, FePO4,

Sr3(BO3)2

b. sulfates (except
those of Sr2+, Ba2+,
Pb2+ and Hg22+)

CaSO4, (NH4)2SO4

c. sulfides and sulfites

of NH4+, and Group
I A and IIA metal
ions.

Na2S, MgSO3,
(NH4)2S, CaSO3

c. chlorides, bromides,
iodides of Hg22+,
Ag+ and Pb2+

AgCl, Hg2I2

K2CO3, (NH4)3PO4

d. chromates of Pb2+,
Ba2+ and Ag+

PbCrO4, Ag2CrO4

d. carbonates,
phosphates,
borates, arsenates
of NH4+, and
Group IA metal
ions
e. chlorides, bromides,
iodides (except
those of Hg22+, Ag+
Pb2+)
f. chromates of Ca2+

59

Fe(NO2)3,
Al(C2H3O2)3, KClO3

HgCl2, SrBr2, LiI