DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS

ANALYSIS

F 0 C

Cc Ts

Where :
Ts A s f y ; C c 0.85f c ' ab, C s A' s f sc
from similar tr iangles :
sc

c - d'
* 0.003
c

Also, y (yield strain)

if sc y
sc y

fy
Es

f sc E s sc
f sc f y

Note : To consider t he concrete area/volum e displaced by the compressio n bars in the concrete zone,
C c C s 0.85f c ' [ab - A' s] A' s f sc
0.85f' c(ab) A' s(f sc 0.85 f ' c)

ANALYSIS:
Given b, d, d' , As, A' s, fy, f' c
Find : Mu Mn
Solution :
1.) max
2.) As/bd
3.) if max singly

max doubly
For Doubly :
4.) ' A' s/bd
5.) if ( - ' ) max use max ' As ( max )bd
( - ' ) max ok ! use As As act
6 .) Assume sc y (compressio n bars yield, f sc f y - 0.85f' c)
C C TS C S
0.85 f ' c(ab) Asfy A' s ( fy 0.85 f ' c)
Asfy - A' s(fy - 0.85f' c)
a
0.85f' c(b)
a
c
1
fsc = (c d) * 600 / c > fy (Step 7)
< fy (Step 8)
7.) If sc y (assumptio n is confirmed)
a

Mu Mn 0.90 0.85 f c ' ab (d - ) A's (f y - 0.85f c ' )(d - d' )

2

8.) If f sc f y (compressi on bars do not yield)

sc

c d'
* 0.003
c

a 1c
c d'
* 0.003
c

f sc E s sc 200000
ASIDE

c d'
* 600
c

f sc

F 0
TS CC CS
A Sf Y 0.85 f ' c(ab) A'S ( f sc 0.85 f ' c)

c d'

(600) 0.85 f ' c (multiply both side by c)
c

2
A Sf Y c 0.85 f ' c1bc A'S (c d ' )(600) 0.85 f ' c(c)
A Sf Y 0.85 f ' c1bc A'S

0.85 f ' c1b c 2 A Sf Y 600 A'S 0.85 f ' cA'S c 600 A'S d ' 0

Let :

A 0.85 f ' c1b

B A Sf Y 600 A'S 0.85 f ' cA'S
C 600 A'S d '

B B 2 4 AC
2A
c d'
f sc
* 600
c
If compressio n bars do not yield
c

Mu Mn 0.90 (0.85 f ' cab) d A'S f sc 0.85 f ' c d d '

2

DESIGN :
Given : b, d, f' c, fy, Mu (design moment), d'
Find : As & A' s
Solution :
1.) 1, max
fy

2.) R max max fy 1 - max *

1.7f ' c

Mu
3.) R
R max (Singly)
note : unit of R is MPa
bd 2
R max (Doubly)
For Doubly :
4.) M 1 R max bd 2 A s1

max

bd

Mu
M1

M2
6.) As 2
fy(d - d' )
7.) As As 1 As 2

5.) M 2

As 1 fy
0.85f' cb
a
9.) c
1

8.) a

10.) f sc

c-d
600 f y
c
If sc y f sc E s sc
ASIDE C s Ts2 A' s(f sc - 0.85f' c) As 2 fy

11.) A' s

As 2 fy
(f sc - 0.85f' c)

If sc y f sc fy
A' s(fy - 0.85f' c) As 2 fy

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

M max

wL2
8

8M

L2

Determine the maximum WL that the beam can carry if WDL = 10 kN/m.
fc =28Mpa using Grade 60 bars.
Solution:
1.) 1 0.85
max

(0.85)

3

7

0.85x28

414

max 0.020942

2
2
2.) As 6
28 3694.5 mm
4
As
3694.5

0.023236
bd
300 x530
max doubly

2
2
3.) A' s 2
16 402.12 mm
4
402.12
4.) '
0.002591
300x530
5.) - ' 0.023236 - 0.002591 0.020707 max
A S A S actual
a
c

402.12 414 0.85 x 28

192.24 mm.
0.85 x 28 x 300

3694.5x414
a

192.24
226.17
0.85

226.17 70
* 0.003 0.0020715
226.17
414
y
0.00207
200000

6.) sc

7.) sc y

( assumption

is

a
Mu 0.85 f ' cab d

confirmed )

A' s fy 0.85 f ' c d d '

192.24

Mu 0.90 0.85 * 28 *192.24 * 300 530

Mu 600.95 kN m
8M
8 * 600.95

75.119 kN / m
L2
82
Wu 1.4WD
75.119 (1.4 *10)

35.952
1.7
1.7

402.12 414 0.85 * 28 460 (10 6 )

Wu
WLL

kN / m

1.) 1 0.85
max

600


600 4 14

(0 .7 5x0 .8 5)

max 0.021 686

0.8 5x2 8

4 14

2
2
2.) As 6
28 3694.5 mm
4
As
3694.5

0.023236
bd
300 x530
max doubly

2
3.) A' s 2
402.12 mm
16
4
402.12
4.) '
0.002591
300x530

5.) - ' 0.023236 - 0.002591 0.020707 max

A S A S act ual
a
c

402.12 414 0.85 x 28

192.24 mm.
0.85 x 28 x300

3694.5x414
a

192.24
226.17
0.85

226.17 70
* 0.003 0.0020715
226.17
414
y
0.00207
200000

6.) sc

7.) sc y

( assumption

is

a
Mu 0.85 f ' cab d

confirmed )

A' s fy 0.85 f ' c d d '

192.24

Mu 0.90 0.85 * 28 * 192.24 * 300 530

Mu 600.95 k N m
8M
8 * 600.95

75.119 k N / m
L2
82
Wu 1.2W D
75.119 (1.2 * 10)

39.449
1.6
1.6

402.12 414 0.85 * 28 460 (10 6 )

Wu
W LL

kN / m

BEAMS WITH IRREGULAR CROSS-SECTIONS

T-BEAMS

Effective Width, be (NSCP 2010 Art. 408.13, p.4-40)

A. Interior Beams
1. L/4
2. bw + 16ts
3. c-c spacing
B. Exterior Beams
1. bw + L/12
2. bw + 6ts
3. (c-c spacing + bw)
2
IRREGULAR BEAMS

ANALYSIS:
Given: be, bw, d, ts, As, fc, fy
Find: Mu = Mn
Solution:
1. 1, max
2. Assume a = ts
Cc=0.85fc ts be
Ts=Asfy
3. If Ts < Cc => a < ts
Ts > Cc => a > ts
If irregular
Tf Cf

Asf f y 0.85f ' c be b w t s

Asf

0.85f ' c be b w t s
fy

t
Mf Asf f y (d s )
2
4.)

5.) Asw = As - Asf

6.) As = Asf + Asw
Mn = Mf + Mw

=> singly
=> irregular

A sw
bwd

7.)
8.) If w < max => ok! No reduction in Asw
If w > max => Asw = maxbwd

a
9.)

Aswf y
0.85f ' cb w
a

A sw f y d -
2

10. Mw =
11. Mu = (Mf + Mw)

DESIGN:
Given : be, bw, ts, d, fc, fy, Mu
Find: As
1.) 1, max
2.) Assume a = ts

Mn [ 0.85 f' c b e t s d - s
2

3.) If Mu < Mn a < ts singly

If Mu > Mn a > ts irregular
If irregular

C f 0.85f ' c b e b w t s
C
Asf f
fy
t

M f Cf d s
2

4.)

Mu

M w
5.)
6.)

- M f

fy
0.85 f ' c

Xw

Mw

b w d2 fy

7.)

req' d w

1 - 1 - 2mX w

8.)
9.) If w > max
w < max
10. As = Asf + Asw

m
increase beam size bw,d
ok! Reqd Asw = wbwd

QUIZ SINGLY AND DOUBLY

Wu

6-25 mm

0.4 Wu

0.4 Wu

3-25 mm

3-25 mm

1 .0 m

3.0 m

3.0 m

1 .0 m

I. Determine the maximum load Wu that the bam below can carry. Use f' c 40MPa and Grade 60 rebars.
b 3.20 mm, d 6.40 mm, and fy 414 MPa.

At B:
3-25 mm

0.05
(40 28) 0.76429
7

3 (0.85)(40)
max (0.76429)
0.026900
414
7

40
min f' c
0.0038492
4fy
(4

414)

1.0 )1 0.85

1.4
min 1.4
0.0033816
fy 414

use the greater va lue, then use

2.0)

(25) 2 (3)
As
actual
4
bd
(320)(640)

0.0072
actual
max

actual min
0.0072

min

0.0033816

3.0)

1472.62(41 4)
AsFy

56.04
(0.85)(f' cb) (0.85)(40) (320)
a
4.0).0 AsFy(d )
2
56.04

0.9(1472.6 2)(414) (640 ) (1 10-6 )

2

Mu 335.79 kN/m
R B 2.8Wu
2
1
MB
(2 0.4Wu 0.65Wu )
6
0.225Wu
0.225Wu 335.79
Wu 1492.40kN/m

At C:

6-25 mm
1.0) 1 0.77857
ax 0.028376

min

0.0038192

(25) 2 (6)
As 4
actual

0.014
bd (320)(640)

max actual min

0.014

2945.24(414)
112.07
0.85(40)(3 20)

Mu AsFy (d )
2

112.07

0.9(2945.24)(414) (640
) (1 10 6 )
2

640.84kN/m
3.6W
u
640.84
W
178.01kN/m
u
3.6
R

MOMENT CAPACITY AT FIXED SUPPORT

QUIZ 5: DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM & IRREGULAR SECTIONS

2
ASDetermine
* 282 *the
6 maximum
3694.5 mm
1.)
safe live load WL that the beam below can carry. Use fc = 32 MPa
4
and Grade 60 bars. Assume that the total dead load WD = 25 kN/m.
3694.5

0.015523 max Singly

400 * 595
3694.5 * 414
a
140.58 mm
0.85 * 32 * 400
140.58

6
M U 0.9 * 3694.5 * 414 * 595
*10 722.30 kN - m
2

MOMENT CAPACITY AT SLIDER

0.05
(32 28) 0.82143
7
3 0.85 * 32
0.82143 *
0.023129
414
7

1 0.85
max

32
0.0034160
4 * 414
1.4

0.0033816
414

min
min

min 0.0034160

max

1256.6
( 20) 2 * 4 1256.6 mm 2 ,

0.0052358
min
4
400 * 600
1256.6 * 414
a
47.815 mm
0.85 * 32 * 400
47.815

6
M U 0.9 * 1256.6 * 414 * 600
* 10 269.73 kN - m
2

AS

ANALYSIS
1.75w 2 w
* 2 3.75w
2
22
M pos 3.75w * 2
(2 * 2 w 1.75w) 3.6667 w
6
22
M pos
(2 * 1.75w 2 w) 3.6667 w
6
3.6667 w 269.73 w 73.562 kN/m
RR

62
(2 * 1.75w w) 3.6667 w 23.333w
6
23.333w 722.30 w 30.956 kN/m
M neg

w 30.956 kN/m
30.956 - 1.2 * 25
WL
0.5975 kN/m
1.6

b e 250 mm
2.) Determine the ultimate moment capacities of the sections shown below. Use fc = 23 MPa
b w and
450Grade
mm 40 bars.
1 0.85
3 0.85(23)
max (0.85)
0.025604
7 276

assume a t s
CC 0.85(23)( 250)(100) 488750

TS CC IRREGULAR

(25) 2 (6)( 276) 812887.1

4
0.85(23)( 250 450)(100)
Asf
1416.67 mm 2
276
100

6
M f 1416.67(276) 730
x10 265.88 kN - m
2

TS

be 6(80) 150
Exterior Beam
a.) b e b w 6t s 120 6(80) 600 mm
1
1
(470 120) 150
(cc spcg) b w
445 mm
2
2
2
be 445 mm (lowest governs! )
b.) be

(25) 2 (6) 1416.67 4361.9

4
4361.9
w
0.013278
450(730)
w max ok! no reduction in Asw
Asw

4361.9(276)
136.84 mm
0.85(23)( 450)

136.84

M w 4361.9(276) 730
796.47 kN - m
2

M u 0.9(265.88 796.47) 477.53 kN - m

1 0.85
3 0.85( 23)
bal 0.85
0.025804
7 276
max 0.75(0.025804) 0.019353
assume a t s

(32) 2 ( 4) 3216.991 mm 2
4
C C 0.85(23)(80)( 445) 695980
TS As fy 3216.991( 276) 887889.516
As

TS C C IRREGULAR

0.85(23)( 445 120)(80)

1841.67 mm 2
276
80

M f 1841.67( 276) 980 x10 6 477.80 kN - m

2

Asw As A sf 3216.991 1841.67

A sf

Asw 1375.324 mm 2

A sw 1375.324

0.011695
bwd 120(980)

w max ok! no reduction in A sw

a

1375.324(276)
161.80286 mm
0.85(23)(120)

161.80286

6
M w 1375.324(276) 980
x10 341.29 kN - m
2

M u (M f M w )
M u 0.90(447.80 341.29)
M u 737.18 kN - m x 2
M u 1474.4 kN - m

QUIZ NO.4 USD DOUBLY AND IRREGULAR BEAMS

1. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the doubly reinforced beam below.
fc = 20Mpa
Gr. 40 bars

3-28 bars

70
350
80

6-36 bars

250

Determine the maximum safe Wu that the beam can carry.

1.1 For Negative moment

4
3
0

3-28

bars

A s=3
=

28 2=1847.3 mm2
4

1847.3
=0.017184
430 250
3 0.85 20
max =0.85
=0.022438
7
276

2
5
0

min =

20 =0.0040508
4 276

1.4
=0.005025
276

use , min =0.005025

a=

Mn=0.9 1847.3 276 430

1847.3 276
=119.97 mm
0.85 250 20

119.97
106=169.796 kNm
2

1.2 For Positive moment

A s=6 362=6107.3 mm2

4
=

6107.3
=0.058165> max Analyze as Doubly
250 420

'

A s=1847.3
' =

1847.3
=0.017593
250 420
'

=0.0581650.017593=0.040572> max
As=( 0.022438+0.017593 ) 250 420=4203.3 mm2
Assume

sc > y

a=

4203.3 2761847.3 ( 2760.85 20 )

=160.39 mm
0.85 250 20

c=

160.39
=188.69 mm
0.85

f sc =

188.6970
600=377.41>fy
188.69

(Assumption

sc > y

is correct)

Mn=0.9 0.85 20 160.39 250 120

Max Negative Moment

1.3 2
9.7 Wu
=
2Wu + 1+
=0.8283 6
6
11 2
M

[ ( ) ]

Wu=

160.39
+ 1847.3 ( 2700.85 20 ) ( 42070 ) 106 =359.18 k
2

169.79
=204.97 kn/m
0.82836

1
9.7 Wu 1.3 1
2
M = ( 1.3 ) 1+

+ ( 1.3 ) (Wu ) 1. 3
2
11 2
3 2
3

R L=

[ (

)]

11 1
11
11

0.5 Wu 2 1.3 + Wu
1.3 =3.4033W u
2 8.7
3
3

) (

@x > 1m
x

V ( x ) =3.4033Wu 0.5 Wu+

0

3.4033 0.5 x +

Point of Zero Shear

0.5 Wu
x dx
11

0.5 x
=0
22

W
u
1
.
3

x
0.
5
W
u

RL

W(x
=5.4
543)
M
p
o
s

0.5 2
x + 0.5 x3.4033=0
22
x=5.454 3

w ( 5.4543 )= 0.5+

0.5
5.4543 Wu=0.74792W u
11

1
( 0.5+0.74792 ) (5.4543 )=3.4033(q . e .d )
2
M pos=3.4033Wu ( 4.4543 )
Wu=

5.45432 (
[ 2 0.5Wu ) +0.74792 Wu ]=6.4927 W u
6

359.18
=55.320 kN /m<204.9 7
6.4927

Wu=55.32 0

2. Determine the maximum safe load Wu that the beam below can carry.
fc = 22Mpa
Grade 60 bars

W
u

0
.
35
- W1 A
2 u.
8 2
m

6 B
-9
3.
60
m
b
a
r
s

A
1
.
0
m

1
1
3
0
2
8

2 1
4
5 1 4
0
0 0 40
2
1
0
0
0

Ultimate Moment Capacity

Negative Moment

3 0.85 22
max =0.85
=0.016454
7
414
min =

22 =0.0028324
4 414

1.4
=0.0033816
414

use , min =0.0033816

Assume a = 100mm
Asfy <0.85 f ' ca b e
1847.3 414 <0.85 22 100 47 0

764,782< 878,900 singly ( a<100 mm )

=

1847.3
=0.007018 6
470 560

min < 0.0070186< max

a=

1847.3 414
=87.016 m m
0.85 470 22

Mn=0.9 1847.3 414 560

87.016
106=355.50 kN m
2

1
1
0

2 1
5 1 8
0 0 40
2
05
5
0
0

Positive Moment
Assume a = 80mm
6107.3 414 <0.85 22 80 47 0
2,528,422<703,120 Irregular

Asf =

0.85 22 ( 470220 )( 80 )
=903.38 mm2
414

Mf =903.38414 550

80
106=190.74 kN m
2

Asw=6107.3903.38=5203.92 mm2
w =

5203.92
=0.043008> max
220550

Asw=0.016454220550=1990.9 mm2
a=

1990.9 414
=200.35 mm
0.85 220 22

Mw=1990.9414 500

200.35
106=370.76 kN m
2

Mn=0.9 ( 190.74+ 370.76 )=505.35 kNm

Maximum Negative Moment
1.22
1.2 Wu
=
2 ( 0.5 Wu ) + 1+
=0.037286Wu
6
11.2 2
M

1.0 2
10.2 Wu
2 (Wu ) + 1+
=0.49256Wu >0.037286 Wu
6
11.2 2
M

=0.49256 W u
M
Wu=

355.5
=721.74 kN /m
0.49256

Maximum Positive Moment

11.2 1
11.2
11.2
R L=
0.5 Wu 2
1 +Wu
1 =3.7126 W u
2
9
3
3

[ (

@x > 1m

) (

)]

V ( x ) =3.7126W u 0.5Wu +
0

0= 3.7126 0.5 x +

0.5 x
22.4

0.5 Wu
x dx
11.2

)] Wu

x=5. 8811

w ( x=5.8811 )=0.4 Wu+

0.5Wu
5.88113=0.7 6255W u
11.2

M pos=3.7126 Wu ( 4.6811 )
Wu=

5.8811 2 (
[ 2 0.5 Wu )+ 0.76255 Wu ] =7.2187 W u
6

505.35
=70.005 kN /m<721.74 kN /m
7.2187

Wu=70.005 kN /m