2.

Difficulties or problems encountered in laboratory diagnosis of monoecious

flukes.
One problem encountered in identifying or diagnosing flukes is that when
doing serological tests, parasites may not be detected if the parasites are in the
latent phase. Another is that when you are doing concentration technique, flukes
may not be seen or detected if there is low parasitemia. Lastly, in doing direct
fecal smears, differentiation of ova may not be reliable since there are ova that
are indistinguishable from each other like Heterophyes heterophyes and
Metagonimus yokogawai.

References:
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~ceb/Diagnosis/Vol6.htm
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5492e/x5492e05.htm
http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/clinical_pathology_and_procedures/diagnostic_
procedures_for_the_private_practice_laboratory/parasitology.html