TS.

Trng Ngc Minh

NMT ti Vit Nam: a Nhim, Ha Bnh, Yaly

NMT hin c cng sut ln nht Itaipu 14000 MW
Thy in chim khong 20 % t l in nng ton cu

Chng 1: Khi nim chung

Chng 2: Cc c trng ca dng chy t nhin

Chng 3: H cha v ct nc ca NMT

Chng 4: iu tit dng chy

Chng 5: Ch lm vic ca NMT trong HT

Chng 6: Tnh ton kinh t - k thut cho NMT

Ti liu tham kho:

Nh my thy in - GS.TS L Vn t
3

Khi nc W cha nng lng ti 1-1

1=(1+1/+11/2) []

trong :

l khi lng ring ca nc

g l gia tc ri t do

1 h s iu chnh s phn b khng u ca dng chy

w th tch nc
2=(2+2/+22/2) []

Khi nc W cha nng lng ti 2-2

Cng sinh ra khi W chuyn ng t 1-1 n 2-2

!=12=(12)= !

Cng sinh ra
=(12)= [/]=9,81 []

Cng thc tnh cng sut NMT

=9,81!0 []
trong : l hiu sut chung ca nh my
Ho l ct nc hnh hc

Lng nc
Dng sng chy c tch tr nc
Dng sng chy khng tch tr nc
C h cha

Theo ch lm vic
Ph y
Ph nh

Theo ct nc hnh hc Ho
Ho nh ( 30m)

Theo ct nc hnh hc Ho
Ho trung bnh (30m Ho 300m)

Theo ct nc hnh hc Ho
Ho ln ( 300m)

Nh my thy in tch nng

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Loi tuabin
Pelton
Francis
Propeller
Kaplan

La chn tuabin
Tc quay
Hiu sut
Ct nc hnh hc

Kiu Pelton
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Kiu Kaplan

Kiu Propeller

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Cng trnh to ngun nc: p,

knh dn, cng

Cng trnh iu tit nc: h cha

Thit b bin i in nng: tuabin,

my pht

Thit b phn phi, truyn ti nng

lng

Cc cng trnh ph: p x trn,

thit b chn rc
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u im
Khng yu cu nhiu liu
Chi ph vn hnh nh
Khng c nhim khng kh
Tui th di
Ch lm vic linh hot
Phc v du lch, gii tr
Phc v ti tiu
Chng l
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Nhc im
nh hng mi trng t nhin quanh nh my
Cn din tch mt bng ln
Di dn
Vn u t ln, thi gian xy dng lu
Yu cu cao v xy dng
V tr xy dng
Mc an ton ca p

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nh ngha

c im
Tnh chu k
Tnh ngu nhin

ngha

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Lu lng nc trung bnh nm

Lng nc trung bnh nm

Lng nc trung bnh nhiu nm

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Lu lng nc trung bnh nhiu nm

H s lch dng

n nh dng

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ng cong tn sut m bo nc
nh ngha
Phng php xy dng

ngha
Q50%, Q90%

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ng cong thi gian m bo nc

nh ngha
Phng php xy dng
ngha

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nh ngha

ng cong ly tch trong h ta xin gc

Trong :

l hng s ty (th nguyn l lu lng nc)

thng c chn l tr s lu lng nc trung
bnh ca dng chy trong chu k mt nm.
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H ta vung gc v h ta xin gc

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Biu t l xch hnh tia

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Xy dng ng cong ly tch theo chui lu lng nc

Tnh Q0
Chn t l xch, v trc tung v trc nm ngang
V trc honh xin gc
V biu t l xch
Xy dng ng cong ly tch t biu t l xch

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Xy dng ng cong ly tch theo chui lu lng nc

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Mc nc dng bnh thng

Mc nc cht

Mc nc dng cng bc

Dung tch hu ch ca h

Dung tch d tr

Dung tch phng l v mc nc trc l

Dung tch cht

Dung tch bi lng

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c tnh th tch V = f(Z)

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c tnh din tch mt h F = f(Z)

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c tnh mc nc h lu Zhl = f(Q)

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Ct nc ton phn

Ct nc tnh ton

Cng sut in ti u cc my pht

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Hnh 3.5

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Xt trong khong thi gian t

(1)

Ws: tng lng nc ca dng sng chy vo h

W: tng lng nc ca dng sng chy qua tuabin
Wx: tng lng nc x trn qua p
Wr: tng lng nc tht thot (r r, bc hi)
Wtl: tng lng nc dng cho thy li
V: tng lng nc gi li trong h

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Phng trnh cn bng nc y

Phng trnh cn bng nc gn ng

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37

Mang li hiu qu vn hnh cho h thng

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Theo thi gian

iu tit ngy, iu tit tun
iu tit nm, iu tit nhiu nm

39

IU TIT DI HN

IU TIT NGN HN

P gn nh khng i

P thay i

Q thay i

Q gn nh khng i

Nng cao sn lng in

Gim tng chi ph vn

nng ca NMT

hnh cho h thng

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S liu cho trc

Biu thy vn ca dng chy
Thng s nh my
Thng s h cha

Yu cu ca bi ton

Hm mc tiu
Qx nh nht
Cng sut vn hnh ca nh my ng u nht c th
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Xy dng ng cong ly tch nc chy vo h

Xc nh lu lng nc ln nht qua tuabin

V ng cong kim tra

V ng cong lu lng nc iu tit ti u

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Thi gian

0 t1

t1 t2

t2 t3

t3 t4

t4 t5

t5 tT

Q(t)

QS

QTmax

QTmax

QS

QP

QS

Qx(t)

QS Qtmax

Sn lng in nng ca NMT

Cng sut ca NMT

Ct nc ca NMT

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H c dung tch ln

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Nhiu nh my thy in
ni tip trn cng dng
chy

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Hm mc tiu

Phng trnh cn bng nc ca h cha

Cc ng cong vn hnh
c tnh din tch mt h
c tnh mc nc h lu
c tnh tn tht ct nc
c tnh hiu sut
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Gii hn vn hnh
Mc nc thng lu

Lu lng vn hnh

Gii hn cng sut pht

Gii hn in nng cung cp

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Phng php quy hoch ng

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Phng php quy hoch phi tuyn

Hm mc tiu

E(Z1, Z2,.., ZN, Q1, Q2,.., QN) ln nht

Cc rng buc

Lu lng x c th c lp hoc ph thuc Q (tnh vi

QTmax)

Nhc im

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ng cong nng lng

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t bi ton
Biu ph ti tng ca h thng
Cng sut pht nh mc ca nh my
Kh nng iu tit ngy ca nh my
Qtb, Htb trong mt ngy m
Xc nh biu cng sut vn hnh ngy ca NMT

Hm mc tiu
NMT vn hnh vi lu lng nc theo yu cu
Phn biu dnh cho NMT nm v tr cao trong TPT tng
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Cc iu kin kim tra

Cng sut pht Pmax N
Trong mt ngy m Wtit Vng

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NMT khng b gii hn cng sut pht v dung tch h

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Trng hp nh my b gii hn cng sut pht, khng b gii hn

dung tch h

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Trng hp nh my b gii hn cng sut pht, khng b gii hn

dung tch h

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Trng hp nh my b gii hn dung tch h, khng b gii hn

cng sut pht

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Trng hp nh my b gii hn dung tch h v cng sut pht

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Trng hp nh my b gii hn Pmin P Pmax

Trng hp c nhiu nh my thy in

Tnh ton nh my t nc trc
Tnh ton nh my nhiu nc sau
Thi gian lm vic cc i

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Trng hp b qua nh hng ca ct nc v cc gii hn

Xt HT c mt NMT ng tr v m NMT
B(PN) c tnh tiu hao nhiu liu ca NMN
Q(Pk) c tnh tiu hao nc ca NMT
Wk
th ph ti ca h thng xc nh

Hm mc tiu

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Cc rng buc
Cn bng cng sut trong h thng

Cn bng nc trong ngy ca cc nh my thy in

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Phng php Lagrange

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ngha ca tr s
- sut tng tng i tiu hao nhin liu ca NMN
- sut tng tng i tiu hao nhin liu ca NMT k
- sut tng tng i tn tht cng sut li theo
cng sut NMN
- sut tng tng i tn tht cng sut li theo
cng sut NMT

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ngha ca tr s

iu kin ti u ti thi im bt k

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ngha ca tr s

Xt h thng c 1 NMN, 1 NMT

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Trng hp xt nh hng ca ct nc v cc gii hn

Xt HT c mt NMT ng tr v m NMT
B(PN) c tnh tiu hao nhiu liu ca NMN
Q(Pk) c tnh tiu hao nc ca NMT
Wk
th ph ti ca h thng xc nh

Hm mc tiu

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Trng hp xt nh hng ca ct nc v cc gii hn

Cc gii hn
Mc nc

Cng sut pht

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