Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PLJ Volume 81 Number 3 - 03 - Amado S. Tolentino, JR - Armed Conflict and The Environment PDF
PLJ Volume 81 Number 3 - 03 - Amado S. Tolentino, JR - Armed Conflict and The Environment PDF
v Nfp Ezxyns & GfwqFwzhm. lx\ S,6,yVw \vovT\zvT,K T\TT\TWXyVw cVTU9vTTyWVvTT fW_ vyVt cVTTyT,TyWVT A<mUyT
UV^yZWVUUTvTT TvTUvTw\ T,\yVw PZUut SWVvTys\2 Is~nwtsrjsyfq
Pf Msxynyzyj.
[fxmnslyts. H0G0)3;;;,0
7 &+lg Twjfrgqj
tk ymj 3;29 Lflzj
Twtythtq MM
tk 3;990
Gts~jsynts
ns ynrjx tk fwrji
htskqnhynx
SWVvTyN\2
hzwwjsy rtinknhfynts
)ynifq f~jx. jyh0,.9 sty nshqzinsl qt yjhmstqtlp
rjymtix xzhm fx wn~jw
in~jwxnts tw ymj ijxywzhynts tk f ifr0 Xfpj styj ymfy
izwnsl ymj 3;;3 Kzqk [fw. tnq jqqx jwj sty htsxnijwji f sfyzwfq uwthjxx.
mjshj. xjyynsl ymjr fgqfqj nxsty fs js~nwtsrjsyfq rtinknhfynts yjhmsnvzj
nymnsymj xhtuj tk IRQSH0
Xmj xjhtsi nx ymj Lflzj
Gts~jsyntsx
)lt~jwsnsl jfutsx,
xt
sfrji
fkyjwymj Lflzj Gts~jsyntsx mnhmknwxy
xtzlmy yt gfs jfutsx
ymfy
"hfzxj zssjhjxxfwp xzkkjwnsl" ns wjhtlsnynts ymfy"Ms fsp fwrji htskqnhy.
ymj wnlmytk ymj Tfwynjxyt ymj htskqnhy yt hmttxj rjymtix
tw rjfsx
tk
fwkfwj nx sty zsqnrnyji0" Ms ymj htzwxj tk ynrj. wjxywnhyjitw gfssji
jfutsx
mf~j htrj yt nshqzij ~fwntzx juqtinsl rzsnyntsx. utnxtstzx lfx.
hmjrnhfq fsi gntqtlnhfq jfutsx.
gqnsinsl qfxjwx fsi qfsi rnsjx0: [mnqj
MNqtxy
tk ymjxj jfutsx
fwj ijxnlsji
yt yfwljy mzrfsx. rfsp gwnsl fgtzy
js~nwtsrjsyfq
htsxjvzjshjx0
Ms ufwynhzqfw.ymjnwhmjrnhfq htsyjsyx hfs
ujwxnxyns ymj jhtxpxyjr fsi inxwzuyymj ktti hmfns0Pfsi rnsjx xnrnqfwqp
ujwxnxyfsi lwjfyqp fkkjhy hn~nqnfsfhyn~nynjx
fx jqq fx qfsi zxj0
Sk qfyj. jfutsx
hmtnhj htzqi gj xfni yt mf~j mzrfsnyfwnfs fsi
js~nwtsrjsyfq htshjwsx0 Jtw jfruqj. ymj uwjhnxnts "xrfwy gtrgx" nijqp
zxji ns ymj Kzqk [fw mf~j ymj izfq fi~fsyflj
tk nshwjfxnsl ymj qnpjqnmtti
ymfy ymj gtrg
nqq mnynyx ijxnwji yfwljy ymjwjgp wjizhnsl zssjhjxxfwp
htqqfyjwfqifrflj0
Xmj Y0W0nx wjutwyji yt mf~j ij~jqtuji
qfxjw/lzniji
gtrgx qtfiji
nym htshwjyj wfymjwymfs juqtxn~jx yt ijxywtp Mwfvnfsyn/
fnwhwfky
gfyyjwnjxmnqjrnsnrnqnsl htqqfyjwfqifrflj
yt hn~nqnfsxhqtxj gp0; Ms
ymj xfrj ~jns. ymj Y0W0
jujhyx yt rfpj f ywfsxnyntskwtr qjfi frrzsnynts
yt gzqqjyxrfij
tk yzslxyjs fsi ynstw yzslxyjs fsi spqts. wjrt~nsl f qfwlj
xtzwhj tk qjfi utqqzynts ns ymjjs~nwtsrjsy0qS Qjsynts xmtzqi fqxt gj rfij
tk ymj Otxt~t fwrji htskqnhymnhmxf ymj knwxy
zxj tk gtrgx ymfyijuqtp
9 Sujwfyntsfq Pf
Lfsigttp.
Y0W0
Ewrp. Nzilj Ei~thfyj Kjsjwfq(x Whmttq. Gjsyjw ktw Pf fsi
Qnqnyfwp
Sujwfyntsx fsi MsyjwsfyntsfqPf Hn~nxnts. uu 7/3: )3;;5,0
: Gts~jsynts
MZVjxujhynsl ymj Pfx fsi Gzxytrx tk [fw ts Pfsi nymEssj tk Vjlzqfyntsx
)3;29,A Twtythtq ktw ymj Twtmngnyntstk ymj Yxj ns [fw tk Exumpnfynsl. Ttnxtstzx. tw tymjw Kfxjx. fsi
tk Ffhyjwntqtlnhfq Qjymtix tk [fwkfwj )3;47,A Gts~jsynts ts ymj Twtmngnyntstk ymj Hj~jqturjsy.
Twtizhynts fsi Wythpunqnsltk gfhyjwntqtlnhfq )Fntqtlnhfq, fsi Xtns [jfutsx
fsi ymjnwHjxywzhynts
)3;94,A Gts~jsynts
ts Twtmngnyntsxtw Vjxywnhyntsxts ymj Yxj tk Gjwyfns Gts~jsyntsfq [jfutsx
mnhmrfp gj Hjjrji
yt gj Ihjxxn~jqp Msozwntzxtw yt mf~j MsinxhwnrnsfyjIkkjhyx )3;:2,A Gts~jsynts
ts ymj Twtmngnyntstk ymj Hj~jqturjsy.
Twtizhynts. Wythpunqnslfsi Yxj tk Gmjrnhfq [jqcutsx fsi ts
ymjnwHjxywzhynts )3;;5,0 Eqxt ns V. Xfwfxtkxpp. xzuwf styj 80
v Wyj~js Pjj Qpjwx. Tyv\uZ ouqXWV PwWyU\ cZWY]y[KSWVU\u RWUr2 [fxmnslyts Ttxy. 9 Shytgjw 3;;;.
u0 Eq0
32 Gtqns Rnhpjwxts. PZU`lu[\yVw < kqvuZPUUW vWZ UV^yZWVUuV\2Ftxyts
KNtgj. 47 Nzqp3D;;. u0 Eq0
ij~fxyfyji
Mwfvnkfhytwnjx fsi wjknsjwnjx.jruqtpnsl
ymj xfrj
sjhjxxnyp
ozxynknhfyntsA
iwtuuji rnqqntsx tk hqzxyjwgtrgx. qjf~nsl fs jxynrfyji 304yt
307rnqqnts zsjuqtiji
gtrgqjyx ns ymjTjwxnfs Kzqk fsi qnyyjwjiymj ijxxjwy
nymfs jxynrfyji 542 ytsx tk ijuqjyji zwfsnzr036 Ifwqnjw.ymjZnjysfr [fw
xmtji mfy htzqi mfuujs mjs ijktqnfynts fx sty nruqjrjsyji
yt
ijxywtp ktwjxyxXuZ [u gzy fx f xywfyjlp zxji yt jqnrnsfyj ht~jw ktw jsjrp
knlmyjwx
ns ozslqj fwjfx0
Xmj jujwnjshj tk rfsp
fwrji htskqnhyx fqxt ijrtsxywfyjx
ymj
sjji ktw xujhnfq uwtyjhynts tk ymj hzqyzwfqjs~nwtsrjsy. xzhmfx rtszrjsyx
fsi tymjw nrutwyfsy nrrt~fgqj
hzqyzwfquwtujwyp. izwnsl mtxynqnynjx0
Jtw
ymnxwjfxts. ymjwjnxf uwt~nxnts ns ymj 3;76 Gts~jsynts ktw ymj Twtyjhynts
tk GzqyzwfqTwtujwyp ns ymj I~jsy tk Ewrji Gtskqnhy ktw ymj rfwpnsl tk
hzqyzwfquwtujwyp nym f xujhnfq jrgqjr0
Jtw ymj uzwutxj. nyrfnsyfnsx fs
Msyjwsfyntsfq Vjlnxyjw tk GzqyzwfqTwtujwyp zsijw WujhnfqTwtyjhynts0 Xmj
knwxy
jsywp ns ymj Vjlnxyjw nx tsj rtszrjsyfq
htruqj.
ymj mtqj tk ymj
yjwwnytwp
tk ymj Zfynhfs GnypWyfyj0Xmj Gts~jsynts fqqtx ymj rnqnyfwpyt
yfpj fqqymj sjhjxxfwp rjfxzwjx ns ynrj tk ujfhj tw izwnsl htskqnhyyt uwtyjhy
ny0
Xmj hzwwjsyijknhnjshp. mtj~jw. nxnymwjlfwi yt ymj uwtmngnynts
tk mtxynqjrnqnyfwpfhyn~nynjxns sfyzwfq xnyjxtw uwtyjhyji fwjfx wjkjwwnslyt
"sfyzwfq tw hzqyzwfqfwjfx tk tzyxyfsinsl nsyjwsfyntsfq xnlsnknhfshj kwtr ymj
utnsy tk ~nj tk jhtqtlp. mnxytwp.fwy.xhnjshj. jymstqtlp. fsymwtutqtlp. tw
sfyzwfq gjfzyp. mnhm rfp nshqzij. yV\uZ qTyq2 fwjfx ijxnlsfyji
zsijw fsp
nsyjwsfyntsfq flwjjrjsy
tw nsyjw/lt~jwsrjsyfq uwtlwfrrj
mnhmrjjyx ymj
hwnyjwnf0"37
E qnxynsltk xzhm sfyzwfq fsi hzqyzwfqfwjfx tk "tzyxyfsinsl
nsyjwsfyntsfq xnlsnknhfshj" jnxyx zsijw ymj 3;93 Vfrxfw Gts~jsynts
ts
[jyqfsix tkMsyjwsfyntsfq Wnlsnknhfshjfsi ymj 3;94 Gts~jsynts htshjwsnsl
ymj Twtyjhynts tk ymj [twqi Gzqyzwfqfsi Rfyzwfq Ljwnyflj wjxujhyn~jqp
psts
fx ymj Pnxytk [jyqfsix tk MsyjwsfyntsfqMrutwyfshj )Vfrxfw Pnxy,
fsi ymj[twqi Ljwnyflj Wnyjxmnhmmfx lwts yt rtwj ymfs 822 qnxyjixnyjx
fwtzsi ymj twqi0 Xmjnwuwtyjhynts ns ynrjx tk fwrji htskqnhyjsyfnqx ymj
uwjufwfynts tk ijyfnqji rfux. jqfgtwfynts tk rfyjwnfqx ts nsyjwsfyntsfq
mjwnyflj uwtyjhynts izwnsl fwrji
htskqnhy ktw inxxjrnsfynts
fsi ymj
ktwrzqfynts tk lznijqnsjx ktw rnqnyfwprfszfqx yt rfpj uwtyjhyji fwjfx kwjj
tk jfutsx0
Xmj Wyfyjns~tq~ji ns ymj jjwhnxj tk yjwwnytwnfq
xt~jwjnlsyp
37
38 Nfp Ezxyns & GfwqFwzhm.)hix,. lxu UV^yZWVUuV\qT SWV[uYTTuVNucWv oqZK Pjlfq. UsWVWUys qVt ksyuV\yvys
jUXus\yTT\T2 Gfrgwnilj Ysn~jwxnypTwjxx)4222,0
39 Qjjynsl
tk WjsntwPjlfq Iujwyx ts Twtyjhynts tk Gzqyzwfqfsi Rfyzwfq Wnyjxns Xnrjx tk Ewrji
Gtskqnhy. Msyjwsfyntsfq Gtzshnq tk Is~nwtsrjsyfq
Pf )qGIP, fsi
Msyjwsfyntsfq Ysnts Jtw
Gtsxjw~fynts tk Rfyzwj Gtrrnxxnts
ts Is~nwtsrjsyfq
Pf )qYGR1GIP, Erxyjwifr.
Hjhjrgjw
3;;40
ns
3; Jtw jfruqj.
xnspnsl tk tnq yfspjwx mnhmhtzqi htsyfrnsfyj rfwnsj fyjwx fsi wjxtzwhjx
ymjwjnsxmtzqi gj f~tniji ns kf~tw tk tymjwrnqnyfwpyfhynhxymfyhtzqi uwj~jsy tw nrujij ijqn~jwptk tnq
ts mnhmfs fi~jwxfwpWyfyj(xrnqnyfwpktwhjxijujsi0
42 Ifruqjx
fwj fxyj ywjfyrjsy uqfsyxfsi fyjw uzwnknhfyntskfhnqnynjx0
l( Yxjkzq uwjhjijsyx ktw xyzip fwj ymj Ysnyji Rfyntsx Is~nwtsrjsy
Twtlwfrrj(x )YRIT, 3;;3
Msyjw/fljshp Ehynts Tqfs ktw Ozfny fsi ymj Tjwxnfs Kzqk fwj fsi ymj MsyjwsfyntsfqIsjwlp Eljshp(x
)qIE, uwtlwfrrj
ktw wjxutsxj yt jrjwljshp
szhqjfw fhhnijsyx mnhmfx xywjslymjsji fkyjw ymj
Gmjwstgpq szhqjfw uqfsy inxfxyjw0Hnxhzxxntsxfy ymj YR Kjsjwfq Exxjrgqp xmtzqi nshqzij jxyfgqnxmnsl
xyfsi/gp zsnyxxzhmfx ymtxj zxji yt htuj nymfyjw fsi fnwutqqzynts ns ymjTjwxnfsKzqk0
44 Vjxytwfynts ns pnsi htzqi nshqzij jxyfgqnxmnsl
f knxmmfyhmjwp
mjwj f sfyzwfqszwxjwpktw knsm
nx
qtxy.tw uqfsynsl f sj jyqfsi fwjf ns qnjztk tsj mnhmhfs sty gj wjxytwji. tw fsp htrufyngqj rjfxzwj
mjwj. ktwnsxyfshj. nyrfp sty gj utxxngqj tw uwfhynhfq
yt wjrt~j tnqymfyxjyyqji ts ymjxjfgji0
Xmjxj wjhtrrjsifyntsx
hqjfwqpxzlljxy ymfy rtwj qjlfq jkktwy nx
sjyjxxfwp yt fsxjw ymj vzjxyntsx qjky zswjxtq~ji gp jnxynsl qf0 Elfns.
mfy htsxynyzyjx "nijxuwjfi.
qtsl/yjwr
fsi
xj~jwj js~nwtsrjsyfq
ifrfljD"
Mx ijuqjyji
zwfsnzr
fs nsmzrfsj
jfutsD
Mx hn~nqnfs
nskwfxywzhyzwj
f qjlnynrfyj yfwljy mjs nyhtsywngzyjx yt ymj fw jkktwyD Xt
mfy jyjsy rzxy ny htsywngzyj yt ymj fw jkktwyDWmtzqi ymjwj gj fs
Msyjwsfyntsfq Gtzwy tk ymj Is~nwtsrjsy
nym ozwnxinhynts.frtsl
tymjwx.
t~jw js~nwtsrjsyfq fw ifrflj
fsi hwnrjxD[mfy fgtzy hwjfynsl f st/kfzqy
nsyjwsfyntsfq js~nwtsrjsyfq
wjrjinfynts
kzsi
ymfy htzqi
t~jwhtrj
ywtzgqjxtrj lfux ns ymj hn~nqfsi hwnrnsfq qnfgnqnyp
fuuwtfhmjx045 Egt~j fqq.
mtj~jw. ymj sjji nxktw f rjhmfsnxr mnhm.ytljymjw nymymj jsynwj gtip
tk qf uwtyjhynsl ymj js~nwtsrjsy
ns ynrjx tk fwrji
htskqnhy. hfs gj
uwfhynhfqqp
fsi jkknhnjsyqpnruqjrjsyji0
Ehyzfqqp. ymj rtxy inkknhzqynxxzj htskwtsynsl ymj htrrzsnyp
tk
sfyntsx ns wjlfwi yt uwtyjhynts tk ymj js~nwtsrjsy
ns ynrjx tk fwrji
htskqnhynxmt yt fuuqp ymjqf flfnsxy utjwkzq sfyntsx0 Ifruqjx
fwj? ymj
Y0W0
ns ZnjysfrA Vzxxnf ns EklmfsnxyfsA ymj jxyjws fqqnji ktwhjx )nshqzinsl
ymj Y0W0.Jwfshj fsi Y0O0, ns ymj Kzqk [fw fsi Otxt~tA ymj Y0W0ns MwfvA
Mxwfjqns Pjgfsts0
Gjwyfnsqp.ymj tkyjs vztyji tqi Qfwyjsx Gqfzxj mnhm
uwt~nijx ymfy mjwj ymj qf tk fw itjx sty fiiwjxx f ufwynhzqfwhfxj.
wjkjwjshj xmtzqi gj yt ymj "wzqj tk ymj uwnshnuqjxtk ymj qf tk sfyntsx. fx
ymjp wjxzqykwtr ymj zxfljx jxyfgqnxmji frtsl
hn~nqnqjiujtuqj kwtr ymj
qfx tk mzrfsnyp fsi ymj inhyfyjx tk uzgqnh htsxhnjshj"46 xynqq
jujhyx jvzfq
fuuqnhfynts frtsl
sfyntsx ns ymj 43 xy hjsyzwp0
45
46