o An Tot Nghiep

NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP. HCM

KHOA IEN
BO MON IEN CONG NGHIEP

e Tai :

TM HIEU CAC PHNG PHAP IEU

CHNH TOC
O ONG C KHONG ONG BO
VA NG DUNG
TRONG CONG NGHIEP

Giao vien hng dan :

NGUYEN D XNG
Sinh vien thc hien : HUYNH
CONG TRUYEN
MSSV : 97202456

Tp - Ho Ch Minh Thang 02 - 2001

1
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY

THUAT
KHOA IEN
BO MON IEN CONG NGHIEP

NHIEM VU O AN TOT
NGHIEP

Ho va ten sinh vien: HUYNH CONG TRUYEN

Lp 97KC3/7
MSSV: 97202456
Khoa 1997 2001
Nganh: IEN KH HOA CUNG CAP IEN
I.

au e o An

TM HIEU CAC PHNG PHAP IEU CHNH TOC

O ONG C KHONG ONG BO VA NG DUNG
TRONG CONG NGHIEP
II.Cac So Lieu Ban au

2
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Noi Dung
1. Khai Quat Ve ong C Khong ong Bo Ba
Pha
2. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cach Thay oi ien Tr Phu Mach Roto.
3. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cach Thay oi So oi Cc
4. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cuon Khang Bao Hoa
5. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cach Thay oi ien Ap
6. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cach Thay oi Tan So
7. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Phng Phap Noi Tang
Giao vien hng dan: NGUYEN D XNG
Ngay giao nhiem vu: 25 /12 / 2000
Ngay hoan thanh nhiem vu: 28 / 02 / 2001
Giao vien hng dan
Thong qua bo mon
(Ky ghi ro ho ten)
Chu nhiem bo mon
(Ky ghi ro ho ten)

3
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP. HO
CH MINH
KHOA IEN
BO MON IEN CONG NGHIEP
BAN NHAN XET

O AN TOT NGHIEP
Ho va ten sinh vien: HUYNH CONG TRUYEN
Lp : 97KC 3/7
MSSV: 97202 456
Nganh: IEN KH HOA - CUNG CAP IEN
* Ten e Tai:
TM HIEU CAC PHNG PHAP IEU CHNH TOC
O ONG C KHONG ONG BO VA NG DUNG
TRONG CONG NGHIEP
* Noi Dung:
Tm hieu, trnh bay ve nguyen ly ieu chnh, u va
nhc iem, pham vi ieu chnh va ng dung cua cac
phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo.
1. Khai Quat Ve ong C Khong ong Bo Ba
Pha
2. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cach Thay oi ien Tr Phu Mach Roto.
3. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo Bang
Cach Thay oi So oi Cc
4
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

4. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong

Cuon Khang Bao Hoa
5. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cach Thay oi ien Ap
6. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cach Thay oi Tan So
7. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Phng Phap Noi Tang

Bo Bang
Bo Bang
Bo Bang
Bo Bang

Giao vien hng dan: NGUYEN D XNG

Nhan xet cua giao vien hng dan:
NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN

5
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Giao
vien hng dan

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP. HO
CH MINH
KHOA IEN
BO MON IEN CONG NGHIEP
BAN NHAN XET
6
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

O AN TOT NGHIEP
Ho va ten sinh vien: HUYNH CONG TRUYEN
Lp : 97KC 3/7
MSSV: 97202 456
Nganh: IEN KH HOA - CUNG CAP IEN
* Ten e Tai:
TM HIEU CAC PHNG PHAP IEU CHNH TOC
O ONG C KHONG ONG BO VA NG DUNG
TRONG CONG NGHIEP
* Noi Dung:
Tm hieu, trnh bay ve nguyen ly ieu chnh, u va
nhc iem, pham vi ieu chnh va ng dung cua cac
phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo.
1. Khai Quat Ve ong C Khong ong Bo Ba
Pha
2. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cach Thay oi ien Tr Phu Mach Roto.
3. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cach Thay oi So oi Cc
4. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cuon Khang Bao Hoa
5. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cach Thay oi ien Ap
6. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Cach Thay oi Tan So
7. ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Phng Phap Noi Tang

Bo Bang
Bo Bang
Bo Bang
Bo Bang
Bo Bang
Bo Bang

Giao vien hng dan: NGUYEN D XNG

Nhan xet cua giao vien duyet

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN DUYET

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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

8
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Giao
vien duyet

MUC LUC

CHNG 1: KHAI QUAT VE ONG C KHONG ONG

BO BA PHA

..Trang 1
I. Cau Tao Va ac iem
.
Trang 1
I.1 Cau tao
1. Cau tao phan tnh ( Stato)
2. Cau tao phan quay ( Roto)
3. Khe h
I.2 ac iem

.
Trang 2
II. Nguyen Ly Lam Viec Cua ong C Khong
ong Bo Ba Pha ..
..
..
Trang 2
III. Cac ai Lng Va Phng Trnh C Ban Cua
ong C Khong ong
Bo
.
Trang 5
9
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

1. Cac ai lng
2. Cac phng trnh c ban
IV. u Va Nhc iem

Trang 13
1. u iem
2. Nhc iem
CHNG 2: IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C BANG
CACH THAY OI IEN TR PHU MACH ROTO
Trang 14
I .Nguyen Ly ieu Chnh Khi Thay oi ien Tr
Phu Tren Mach Roto

Trang
14
II. Phng Phap ieu Chnh ien Tr Phu Mach
Roto Bang Cac Van Ban Dan

Trang 15
III.Nhan Xet Va ng Dung Trong Cong Nghiep
..
Trang 19
CHNG 3:IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C KHONG
ONG BO BANG CACH THAY OI SO OI CC
Trang 20

I.Nguyen
Ly
ieu

Chnh
Trang 20

II. Cac Phng Phap oi Noi Dung e ieu

Chnh Toc o ong
C
. Trang 20
1.

2.

3.

S o oi noi cuon stato t sao Y sang sang sao kep

YY
S o oi noi cuon stato t sao Y sang sang sao na
ngc Y1/2ng
S o oi noi cuon stato t tam giac sang sao kep
YY

10
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

III.Nhan Xet Va ng Dung Trong Cong

Nghiep Trang 31
CHNG 4: IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C BANG
CUON KHANG BAO HOA

Trang 33

I. Khai Niem Ve Cuon Khang Bao Hoa

Trang 33
II.
Phng
Trnh
ac
Tnh
C
Trang 35
III. Phng Phap Dung Cuon Khang Bao Hoa e
ieu
Chnh
Toc
o
ong
C

.
Trang 36
1. Dung cuon khang bao hoa khong co khau phan
hoi
2. Dung cuon khang bao hoa co khau phan hoi
a). He thong cuon khang bao hoa - ong c dung
khau phan hoi am toc o
b). He thong cuon khang bao hoa ong c dung
khau phan hoi dng dong ien va am ien ap.

IV. Nhan Xet Va ng Dung Trong Cong

Nghiep Trang 40
CHNG 5: IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C
KHONG ONG BO BANG CACH THAY OI IEN
AP.. Trang 42
I.
Nguyen
Ly
ieu
Chnh
.
Trang
42
II. Dung Bo ieu Chnh ien Ap Bang
Thyristor
Trang46
III.
Nhan
Xet
va
ng
dung.
Trang48
CHNG 6: IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C
KHONG ONG BO BANG CACH THAY OI TAN
SO. Trang 49

11
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

I.

Nguyen
Ly
Va
Quy
Luat
ieu
Chnh Trang 49
II.Cac Bo Bien Tan Dung e ieu Chnh Toc
o
ong
C
.
Trang 53
1. Bo bien tan dung trc tiep thyristor
2. Bo bien tan co khau trung gian mot chieu
III.
ng
Dung
Trong
Cong
Nghiep Trang57
CHNG 7: IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C
KHONG ONG BO BANG PHNG PHAP NOI
TANG.Trang 58
I.Phng Phap Noi Tang Dung He Thong Bien
oi
Van
May
ien

Trang58
II.
Phng
Phap
Noi
Tang
Dung
Thyristor
Trang 59

III.NhanXet

Trang 61

KET
LUAN
. Trang 63
TAI LIEU THAM
KHAO
. Trang 64

12
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

LI CAM N
Em xin chan thanh cam n
Thay NGUYEN D XNG a nhiet tnh hng dan,
giup em hoan thanh nhiem vu luan an nay.
Cac thay co cua trng a a tao ieu kien cho em
trong qua trnh lam o an tot nghiep.
Cac ban sinh vien lp 97KC va nhng ban khac a
gop phan y kien cho o an nay.

13
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

LI NOI AU

Trong san xuat cong nghiep hien ai, e nang cao

nang suat, hieu suat s dung cua may, nang cao
chat lng san pham va cac phng phap t ong
hoa day chuyen san xuat th he thong truyen ong
ien co ieu chnh toc o la khong the thieu. V
vay nhieu loai ong c ien a c che tao va hoan
thien cao hn. Trong o ong c ien khong ong bo
chiem t le ln trong cong nghiep, do no co nhieu u
iem noi bat nh: gia thanh thap, de s dung, bao
quan n gian, chi ph van hanh thap,..
Ngay nay, do ng dung cua tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat
ien t, s phat trien cua cong nghiep, ky thuat t
ong hoa va moi sinh hoat cua nhan dan ma pham vi
s dung ong c ong c khong ong bo rong rai
hn.
Trong thc te, e ap ng yeu cau san xuat, lam
viec cua cac nha may, phan xng vi yeu cau
ieu chnh toc o ong c mot pham vi nao o.
ieu chnh toc o ong c la cac phng phap ieu
chnh nhan tao nham thay oi toc o cua he thong,
cua c cau san xuat theo yeu cau cong nghe.
e tai nay tm hieu cac phng phap ieu chnh toc
o ong c khong ong bo c trnh bay nh sau:
Nguyen ly ieu chnh, cac s o va ng dung trong
cong nghiep. Cung vi s hng dan nhiet tnh cua
Thay NGUYEN D XNG, em a rut ra c nhng van
14
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

e can s dung vi cac phng phap ieu chnh thch

hp va kinh te.
Noi dung tap luan an nay gom bay chng:
Chng 1: Khai Quat Ve ong C Khong ong Bo Ba
Pha
Chng 2: ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo
Bang Cach Thay oi ien Tr Phu Mach Roto.
Chng 3: ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo
Bang Cach Thay oi So oi Cc
Chng 4: ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo
Bang Cuon Khang Bao Hoa
Chng 5: ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong Bo
Bang Cach Thay oi ien Ap
Chng 6: ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Bo Bang Cach Thay oi Tan So
Chng 7: ieu Chnh Toc o ong C Khong ong
Bo Bang Phng Phap Noi Tang
Trong qua trnh tm hieu nghien cu thc hien e tai,
em a co gang trnh bay cac van e ve phng phap
ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong bo.
Nhng v thi gian va gii han cua luan an tot nghiep,
pham vi nghien cu tai lieu cung vi kinh nghiem va
kien thc con han che nen tap luan an nay khong
tranh khoi nhng thieu sot. Mong thay co va cac
ban ong gop, giup .
Qua e tai luan an nay em xin chan thanh cam n
Thay hng dan NGUYEN D XNG va cac Thay co
trong khoa ien cung cac ban sinh vien a tan tnh
giup .

Tp. HO CH MINH

ngay

thang

nam 2001
Sinh vien thc hien:
HUYNH CONG
TRUYEN

15
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

CHNG 1

KHAI QUAT VE ONG C KHONG

ONG BO
I.CAU TAO VA AC IEM
I.1 Cau Tao
1.Cau tao phan tnh (stato)
Gom vo may, loi sat va day quan.
a) Vo may:
Thng lam bang gang. oi vi may co cong suat
ln (1000 kw), thng dung thep tam han lai thanh
vo. Vo may co tac dung co nh va khong dung e
dan t.
b) Loi sat:
c lam bang cac la thep ky thuat ien day 0,35
mm en 0,5 mm ghep lai.
Loi sat la phan dan t . V t trng i qua loi sat
la t trng xoay chieu, nham giam ton hao do dong
ien xoay gay nen, moi la thep ky thuat ien eu
co phu lp sn cach ien. Mat trong cua loi thep co
xe ranh e at day quan .
c) Day quan :
Day quan c at vao cac ranh cua loi sat va
cach ien tot vi loi sat. Day quan stato gom co ba
cuon day at lech nhau 120 o ien.
16
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

2. Cau tao phan quay (Roto)

a) Truc :
Lam bang thep, dung e loi sat roto.
b) Loi sat:
Gom cac la thep ky thuat ien giong nh phan
stato. Loi sat c ep trc tiep len truc. Ben ngoai
loi sat co xe ranh e at day quan.
c) Day quan roto:
Gom hai loai: Loai roto day quan va loai roto kieu long
soc.
Loai roto kieu day quan : Day quan roto giong day
quan stato va co so cc bang so cc stato. Cac
ong c cong suat trung tr len thng dung day
quan kieu song hai lp e giam c nhng au
noi day va ket cau day quan roto chat che hn.
Cac ong c cong suat nho thng dung day
quan ong tam mot lp. Day quan ba pha cua roto
thng au hnh sao (Y). Ba au kia noi vao ba vong
trt bang ong at co nh au truc. Thong qua
choi than va vong trt, a ien tr phu vao mach
roto nham cai thien tnh nang m may va ieu
chnh toc o.
Loai roto kieu long soc: Loai day quan nay khac
vi day quan stato. Moi ranh cua loi sat c at
mot thanh dan bang ong hoac nhom va c noi
tat lai hai au bang hai vong ngan mach ong
hoac nhom, lam thanh mot cai long, ngi ta goi
o la long soc.
Day quan roto kieu long soc khong can cach ien
vi loi sat.
3. Khe h:
Khe h trong ong c khong ong bo rat nho (0,2 mm
1mm). Do o roto la mot khoi tron nen roto rat eu.
I.2 ac iem Cua ong C Khong ong Bo.
- Cau tao n gian.
- au trc tiep vao li ien xoay chieu ba pha.
- Toc o quay cua roto nho hn toc o t trng
quay cua stato n < n1.
Trong o:
n toc o quay cua roto.
n1 toc o quay t trng quay cua stato (toc o
ong bo cua ong c )
II. NGUYEN LY LAM VIEC CUA ONG C KHONG
ONG BO
17
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Khi noi day quan stato vao li ien xoay chieu ba pha,
trong ong c se sinh ra mot t trng quay. T trng
nay quet qua cac thanh dan roto, lam cam ng tren
day quan roto mot sc ien ong E 2 se sinh ra dong
ien I2 chay trong day quan. Chieu cua sc ien ong
va chieu dong ien c xac nh theo qui tac ban tay
phai.

n1

Hnh.1-1 S o nguyen ly ong c khong ong bo.

Chieu dong ien cua cac thanh dan na pha tren
roto hng t trong ra ngoai, con dong ien cua cac
thanh dan na pha di roto hng t ngoai vao
trong.
Dong ien I2 tac ong tng ho vi t trng stato
tao ra lc ien t tren day dan roto va momen quay
lam cho roto quay vi toc o n theo chieu quay cua t
trng.
Toc o quay cua roto n luon nho hn toc o cua t
trng quay stato n1. Co s chuyen ong tng oi gia
roto va t trng quay stato duy tr c dong ien I 2 va
momen M. V toc o cua roto khac vi toc o cua t
trng quay stato nen goi la ong c khong ong bo.
ac trng cho ong c khong ong bo ba pha la he so
trt:
S

n1 n
n1

(1-1)

Trong o:
n la toc o quay cua roto.
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

f1 tan so dong ien li.

P so oi cc.
n1 toc o quay cua t trng quay (toc o
ong bo cua ong c).
n1

60 f 1
p

(1-2)

Khi tan so cua mang ien thay oi th n 1 thay oi lam

cho n thay oi.
Khi m may th n = 0 va S = 1 goi la o trt m
may.
Dong ien trong day quan va t trng quay tac
dung lc tng ho len nhau nen khi roto chu tac dung
cua momen M th t trng quay cung chu tac dung
cua momen M theo chieu ngc lai. Muon cho t
trng quay vi toc o n1 th no phai nhan mot cong
suat a vao goi la cong suat ien t.
Pt M 1 M

2n1
60

(1-3)

Khi o cong suat ien a vao:

P1

3.U .I cos

(1-4)

Ngoai thanh phan cong suat ien t con co ton

hao tren ien tr day quan stato.
(1-5)

Pd 1 3r 1 2 I 1 2

Ton hao sat:

Pst P
Pt P1 Pt Pst

2n
P '2 M . M
60

(1-6)
(1-7)

Cong suat c truc la:

Cong suat c nho hn cong suat ien t v con ton
hao tren day quan roto:

Trang

P2 Pt Pd 2

(1-8)

19

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Trong o:
(1-9)

Pd 2 m 2.I 2.r 2

m2 so pha cua day quan roto.

V p2 < pt do o n < n1
Cong suat c cua p2 a ra nho hn p 2 v con ton hao
do ma sat tren truc ong c va ton hao phu khac:
(1-10)

P 2 P '2 Pc pf

Hieu suat cua ong c:

P2
(0,8 0,9)
P1

(1-11)

III. CAC AI LNG VA PHNG TRNH C BAN CUA

ONG C.
1. Cac ai Lng
a) He so trt:
e bieu th mc o ong bo gia toc o quay cua
roto n va toc o cua t trng quay stato n1.
Ta co :
s

n1 n
n1

(1-12)

Hay tnh theo phan tram:

S oo

n1 n
100 o o
n1

(1-13)

Xet ve mat ly thuyet gia tr S se bien thien t 0

en 1 hoac t 0 en 100 o/o
60 f 1
p
n n1(1 s )
n1

(1-14)

Trong o :
b) Sc ien ong cua mach roto luc ng yen.
Trong o:
E 20 4,44 K 2 f

Trang

W 2m

20

(1-15)

20

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

(1-16)
K2 la he so day quan roto cua ong c.
mtrso
ccai
cua
tthong
trongmach
t

f20 tan so xac nh toc o bien oi cua t thong

quay qua cuon day, v roto ng yen nen:
f20 bang vi tan so dong ien a vao f1
f 20

pn1
60

(1-17)

c) Khi roto quay:

Tan so trong day quan roto la:
f 2s

(n1 n) p n1 n n1 p

X
60
n1
60

(1-18)
(1-19)

Vay f2s = s.f1

Sc ien ong tren day quan roto luc o la:

E 2 s 4,44 f

2s

W 2 K 2m

(1-20)

Vi f2s = s.f1 the vao (1-19), ta c:

E 2 s 4,44 f 1W 2 K 2mS

(1-21)

2.Phng Trnh C Ban Cua ong C Khong ong

Bo Ba Pha.
a) S o ang tr mot pha

I1

U1 ~
o

o
o

I2

Trang

x1

x'2

r1

I1
o

I2

xo

U1

KB

r2/s

ro

rf

Io
o

21

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

b)

a)

Hnh 1-2.
a) S o nguyen ly.
b) S o ang tr mot pha cua ong
c khong ong bo
Trong o:
U1 ien ap pha at len cuon stato.
x1, r1, I1 la ien khang , ien tr, dong ien
cua mach t hoa.
x2, r2, I2 la ien khang, ien tr, dong ien
pha cua cuon day roto qui oi ve stato.
I2 = KI I2

(1-22)

Vi KI = 1/KE , la he so bien oi dong ien

(1-23)
KE = U1m/E2m
U1m ien ap nh mc at len stato
E2m Sc ien ong nh mc cua roto
r2 = kr r2

(1-24)

2
x2 = kx x2 , vi kx = kr = k(1-25)
E
S la o trt cua ong c

n1 n
n1

(1-26)

Trong o:
n toc o quay cua roto ong c.
n = n1(1-S)(1-27)
n1 toc o quay ong bo cua ong
n1

60 f 1
p

(1-28)
22

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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

a) Phng trnh ac tnh toc o.

Theo s o ang tr mot pha nh hnh (1-2), ta co bieu
thc dong ien roto a qui oi ve stato.
I '2

U1

(1-29)

r '2 2
( r1
) ( x1 x '2) 2
S

Khi toc o ong c n = 0 , theo (1-26) ta co s =1.

Neu ien ap at len cuon stato U1 = const th bieu
thc (1 29) chnh la quan he gia dong ien roto a
qui oi ve stato I2 vi o S hay vi toc o n.
Do o bieu thc (1-29) chnh la phng trnh ac tnh
toc o.
b) Phng trnh ac tnh c.
Cong suat ien t cua ong c
(1-30)
r'
P 3I '
t

Mat khac:
Pt Mt

n1
9,55

(1-31)

Do o:
Mt

3I '2r '2
s
n1
9,55

(1-32)

Mt momen ien t gom hai phan :

Phan nho ton that tren cuon day va ton that c do
ma sat cac o bi, ky hieu M
Phan ln bien thanh momen quay cua ong c M.
(1-33)

Mt M M

Ma M M , ta co
the
bo
qua M

Vay Mt ~ M
23
Trang

Mt M

3I '2 r '2
s
n1
9,55

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Khi o :
(1-34)

Thay I2 t (1-26) vao (1-34), ta c

M

(1-35)

3U 1r '2
2

s
r '2
2
n1
x1 x'2
r1
9,55
s

Bieu thc (1-35) chnh la phng trnh ac tnh c. c

bieu dien quan he M = f(n) nh hnh 1-3
Gia tr S se bien thien t - en + va momen
quay se co hai gia tr cc ai goi la momen ti han
(Mt).
Lay ao ham cua momen theo he so trt va cho
dM/ds = 0.
Ta co he so trt tng ng vi momen ti han M t goi
la he so trt ti han.

St

r '2
r1 ( x1 x'2)
2

r '2

(1-36)

r1 2 xn 2

Do o ta c bieu thc momen ti han :

Mt

3U 12
2n1
( r1
9,55

(1-37)

r1 xn )
2

Giai cac phng trnh (1-35), (1-36), (1-37) va at :

n

r '2

r1 22Mxt 21n
+s
M
s=0
s st
2
st s

(1-38)

(1-39)

n1
nm
Ta c dang n
gian cua phng trnh ac tnh c:
St

Trang

n= 0
-n
+s

Mm

Mt

24

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 1-3. ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong bo.

Nhan thay dang gan ung cua phng trnh ac tnh c
nh sau:
oi vi ong c roto long soc, nhat la cac ong c
co cong suat ln th

r1 << xn, nen co the bo qua r1 va = 0.

Ta co:
2 Mt
S St

St S

(1-40)

Vi :
Mt

St

3U 12
2n1
xn
9,55

r '2
xn

(1-41)

(1-42)

Nhan xet: T cac bieu thc (1-36) va (1-37), ta thay

oi vi ong c xac lap neu U 1 thay oi th St = const
va Mt thay oi t le vi U12 . Khi thay oi ien tr mach
roto bang cach them ien tr phu (oi vi ong c
khong ong bo roto quan day) th:
Mt = const va St t le vi r2 .
Khi xet en ien tr tren mach stato r 1 th momen ti
han Mt se co hai gia tr khac nhau va ng vi hai
trang thai lam viec cua ong c.

25
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

* S = 0 , n1 < n la trang thai ham tai sinh ong c lam

viec nh mot may phat.

r '2

StF

MtF

(1-43)
(1-44)

r ' xn 2
2

3U 1
2n1
( r1 r12 xn 2 )
9,55

* S > 0 , n1 > n trang thai lam viec cua ong c.

r '2

st

Mt

(1-45)

r1 xn 2
2

3U 12
2n1
( r1
9,55

(1-46)
2
1

xn )
2

Khi r1 0 th stF st conM tF M t

Ta co t so :
Trong o:
M

Mt
M m

(1-47)

laboi
soqua
tai
(1-48)
vemomen,
chra kha
nang
sinh

M t 9500P
M M m
m
momen
M m lnnhat
so vimomen
nhmc
cua
ong
c
nm
M

(1-48a)
Mm : Nm
Pm : Kw
nm : Vong/phut
26
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

o trt ti han cua ong c c xac nh nh sau:

trang thai nh mc cua ong c:
n = nm , S = Sm , M = Mm
Phng trnh ac tnh tai iem nh mc:
2Mt(1 )
S
m
Stt SSm
2

Sm
m
Stt 2
S
S
M
2(1 )

(1-49)

M m

(1-50)

Do o:
Thng oi vi ong c th r1 = r2, nen:
st
sm

2st
M sm st
2(1 )

(1-51)

Giai phng trnh bac hai (1-51) va xem r1<< xn

Ta co o trt St :
St Sm(M

2 M 1

(1-52)

IV.U NHC IEM CUA ONG C KHONG ONG BO

BA PHA
1.u iem:
- Trong cong nghiep hien nay phan ln eu s dung
ong c khong ong bo ba pha. V no tien li hn, vi
cau tao, mau ma n gian, gia thanh ha so vi ong
c mot chieu.
- Ngoai ra ong c khong ong bo ba pha dung trc
tiep vi li ien xoay chieu ba pha, khong phai ton
kem them cac thiet b bien oi. Van hanh tin cay,
giam chi ph van hanh, bao tr sa cha. Theo cau tao
ngi ta chia ong c khong ong bo ba pha lam hai
loai.
- ong c roto day quan va ong c roto long soc
2. Nhc iem:
Ben canh nhng u iem ong c khong ong bo ba
pha cung co cac nhc iem sau:
- De phat nong oi vi stato, nhat la khi ien ap
li tang va oi vi roto khi ien ap li giam.
27
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

- Lam giam bt o tin cay v khe h khong kh nho.

- Khi ien ap sut xuong th momen khi ong va
momen cc ai giam rat nhieu v momen t le vi
bnh phng ien ap.

CHNG 2

IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C

KHONG ONG BO BANG CACH THAY
OI IEN TR PHU MACH ROTO

I. NGUYEN LY IEU CHNH KHI THAY OI IEN TR

PHU TREN MACH ROTO
ay la phng phap ieu chnh toc o n gian va
c s dung rong rai trong thc te nhat la oi vi
cac ong c khong ong bo roto quan day.
S o nguyen ly va n
ac tnh c cua ong c khi thay
U1 ~
a
oi ien tr phu machn1roto nh hnh 2-1.
o
b
o
ncb
c
o
I1
d
n1.1
rf = 0
n1.2

n1.3
rf1
KB

rf2

I2

rf3
28 M
rf
Mc
Mt
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

a)

b)
Hnh 2-1
a) S o nguyen ly
b) ac tnh c cua ong c khi thay

oi ien tr phu.
Khi ong c ang lam viec trang thai xac lap vi
toc o n. Muon ieu chnh toc o cua ong c, ta
ong ien tr phu vao ca ba pha cua roto. Tai thi
iem bat au ong ien tr phu vao th toc o
ong c cha kp thay oi, luc nay dong va momen
giam nen toc o ong c giam. Nhng khi toc o
giam th o trt se tang nen sc ien ong cam
ng tren mach roto E 2 tang, do o dong mach roto
va momen tang lam cho toc o cua ong c tang.
Khi a ien tr phu vao mach roto th he so trt ng
vi momen cc ai luc nay la:
Stf

r '2 r ' f
r1 2 rn 2

(2-1)

Do o, khi thay oi ien tr phu rf trong mach roto th he

so trt Stf se thay oi va lam cho toc o ong c
thay oi.
T cac ng ac tnh tren hnh ve (2-1), ta thay vi
tr so phu tai khong oi, rf cang ln th ong c lam
viec vi toc o cang thap.
rf1 < rf2 < rf3
ncb > n1 > n2 > n3
Khi Mc bang hang so th ong c lam viec xac lap
tng ng vi cac iem a, b, c, d.
Toc o cua ong c cang thap th ton hao cang ln,
o cng cua ng ac tnh c b giam. Khi cho ien
tr phu vao cang ln th pham vi ieu chnh toc o
29
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

phu thuoc vao tr so phu tai va phu tai cang ln th

pham vi ieu chnh cang hep.
II. PHNG PHAP IEU CHNH IEN TR MACH
ROTO BANG CAC VAN BAN DAN.
Phng phap nay ieu chnh toc o vi u iem la
de dang t ong hoa.
ien tr trong mach ro to ong c khong ong bo:
r2 = r2d
+ rf
(2-2)
Trong o:
r2d ien tr day quan roto
rf ien tr phu mac them vao mach roto
Momen cua ong c khong ong bo co the tnh theo
dong ien roto la:

3I 2 2 r 2
n.s

(2-3)

Khi ieu chnh gia tr ien tr mach roto th momen

ti han cua ong c khong oi con o trt ti han
t le bac nhat vi ien tr.
Neu xem oan ac tnh lam viec cua ong c khong
ong bo, tc la oan co o trt S = 0 en S= S t la
thang th khi ieu chnh ien tr, ta co the viet:

s si

r2
, M const
r 2d

(2-4)

Trong o:
S la o trt khi ien tr mach roto la r2.
Si la o trt khi ien tr mach roto la r2d.
thay (2- 4) vao (2-3), ta c bieu thc momen.

3I 2 2 r 2 d
n.si

(2-5)

30
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Neu gi dong ien roto khong oi th momen cung

khong oi va khong phu thuoc vao toc o cua ong
c.
S o nguyen ly ieu chnh ien tr mach roto bang
phng phap xung nh hnh 2-2

U1 ~
o o

Rc

KB

U2
D1

Ro
D4

D3

D6

D5

CL

3Ro
4

tn

td

D2
L

1Ro
2

Ro
T1
C

T2
Do

L1

1Ro

4
t

n1
b)

a)

M
Trang

c)

31

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 2-2.
a) S o nguyen ly.
b) Phng phap ieu chnh.
c) Pham vi ieu chnh.
ien ap U2 c chnh lu bi cau diode chnh lu qua
cuon khang loc L c cap vao mach ieu chnh gom
ien tr Ro noi song song vi T1 se c ong ngat
mot cach chu ky nham ieu chnh gia tr trung bnh
cua ien tr toan mach.
Hoat ong cua mach nh sau:
Khi khoa T1 ngat ien tr Ro c ong vao mach,
dong ien roto giam vi tan so ong ngat nhat nh.
Nh ien cam L ma dong ien roto coi nh khong oi
va khi T1 ong th ien tr R0 b loai ra khoi mach,
dong ien roto tang len, ta co gia tr tng ng ien
tr Rc va thi gian ngat tn = T t.
Neu ieu chnh t so gia thi gian ngat va thi
gian ong t th ta ieu chnh c gia tr ien tr trong
mach roto.

Rc

t
Ro
t tn

(2-6)

ien tr tng ng Rc trong mach mot chieu c tnh

oi ve mach xoay chieu ba pha roto theo qui tac bao
toan cong suat.
Ton hao trong mach roto:
P Td 2 ( 2 R 2 d Rc )
P 3I 2 2 ( R 2 d Rf )

(2-7)
(2-8)

C s e tnh oi ton hao cong suat la nh nhau, nen:

T d 2 ( 2 R 2 d Rc ) 3 I 2 2 ( R 2 d Rf )

Vi s o chnh lu cau ba pha th :

Id = 1,5
(2-9)
I22
nen:
32
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Rf

1
Rc
2

(2-10)

Khi co ien tr tnh oi, ta de dang dng c ac tnh

c theo phng phap thong thng . Ho ac tnh c nay
quet kn phan mat phang gii han bi ac tnh c t
nhien va ac tnh c co ien tr phu Rf = Ro /2
Vi s o hnh 2-2, muon m rong pham vi ieu chnh
ta co the mac noi tiep vi ien tr R o mot tu ien
u ln.
III. NHAN XET VA NG DUNG
1. Nhan Xet.
Phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo ba pha bang cach thay oi ien tr phu mach roto
co cac u iem sau:
- Co toc o phan cap.
- Toc o ieu chnh nho hn toc o c ban.
- T ong hoa trong ieu chnh c de dang.
- Han che c dong m may.
- Lam tang kha nang m may cua ong c khi a
ien tr phu vao mach roto
- Cac thao tac ieu chnh n gian.
- Gia thanh chi ph van hanh, sa cha thap.
Mac du co cac u iem nh tren nhng van con cac
nhc iem sau:
- Toc o on nh kem
- Ton that nang lng ln.
2. ng Dung
ay la phng phap c s dung rong rai, mac du
khong c kinh te lam. Thng c dung oi vi
cac he thong lam viec ngan han hay ngan han lap
lai va dung trong cac he thong vi yeu cau toc o
khong cao nh cau truc, c cau nang, can truc, thang
may va may xuc

33
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

CHNG 3

IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C

KHONG ONG BO BANG CACH THAY
OI SO OI CC

1. NGUYEN LY KHI THAY OI SO OI CC

Trong nhieu trng hp cac c cau san xuat khong
yeu cau phai ieu chnh toc o bang phang ma
ch can ieu chnh co cap.
oi vi ong c khong ong bo ba pha, ta co toc o
cua t trng quay:

n1

60 f 1
P

(3-1)
(3-2)

n = n1(1-s)
Do o khi thay oi so oi cc th n 1 se thay oi, v vay
toc o cua ong c thay oi.
e thay oi so oi cc P ta thay oi cach au day va
cung la cach thay oi chieu dong ien i trong cac
cuon day moi pha stato cua ong c.
Khi thay oi so oi cc ta chu y rang so oi cc
stato va roto la nh nhau. Ngha la khi thay oi so oi
cc stato th roto cung phai thay oi theo. Do o
rat kho thc hien cho ong c roto day quan, nen
phng phap nay chu yeu dung cho ong c khong
ong bo roto long soc va loai ong c nay co kha
34
Trang

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

nang t bien oi so oi cc roto e phu hp vi

so oi cc stato.
oi vi ong c co nhieu cap toc o, moi pha stato
phai co t nhat la hai nhom boi day tr len hoan
toan giong nhau. Do o cang nhieu cap toc o th kch
thc, trong lng va gia thanh cang cao v vay trong
thc te thng dung toi a la bon cap toc o.
II.

CAC PHNG PHAP OI NOI DUNG E IEU

CHNH TOC O ONG C.

1. oi Noi Cuon Stato T Sao Y Sang Sao Kep YY

T bieu thc (3-1), khi thay oi so oi cc th ta se
ieu chnh c toc o cua ong c, do o trong
cach oi noi nay ta co quan he ve toc o ong bo
nh sau:
(3-3)
n1YY
n1Y

e dng ac tnh ieu chnh, ta can phai xac nh

c cac tr so Mt, St va khi thc hien noi sao Y th hai
cuon day stato au noi tiep nen:
R1Y = 2r1 ; X1Y = 2x1
R2Y = 2r2 ; X2Y = 2x2
XnY = 2xn

(3-4)

Trong o :
r1, x1, r2, x2 la ien tr, ien khang moi oan day stato
va roto.
S o oi noi cuon day stato t sao sang sao kep nh
hnh 3-1.
A

a1

b1

x1

y1

o B

a2
a1

b)

b2

b1

o B

c1

z1

c2
c1

x2

y2

x1

y1

z1

a2

b2

c2

x2

y2

z2

z2

oA

oX
a)

35
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

c)
d)
oAva s o
oX khai
Hnh 3-1.S o nguyen ly au cuon stato
trien mot pha cua cach au sao Y sang sao kep YY.
(a) va (b) Khi au sao
(b)va (d) Khi au sao kep
Nh vay ta co ien ap tren day quan moi pha la:
U1

Ud
3

(3-5)

Khi au sao Y:

StY

MtY

(3-6)

r '2
r1 xn
2

3U 1 2

4n1Y
r1
9,55

r1 2 xn 2

(3-7)

Cong suat tieu thu t li la:

P1 3U 1 Im. cos YY

(3-8)

Khi noi sao kep YY th hai cuon day noi song song nen:

r1
x1
; X 1YY
2
2
r2
x2

; X 2YY
2
2

R1YY
R 2YY

Trang

(3-9)
36

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Luc o, ta tnh c
StYY
MtYY

r '2

r12 xn 2
PYY 2.3.U1.Im. cos YYYY
3U 12

2n1YY
r1 r 12 xn 2
9,55

(3-12)
(3-10)
(3-11)

So sanh bieu thc (3-7) va (3-11)

Ta c:
MtYY
4n1Y

2
MtY
2n1YY

Vay

MtYY = 2M(3-13)
tY

T bieu thc (3-8) va (3-12), neu xem cosY = cosYY

Ta c:
PYY
2
PY

Vay PYY = 2PY

(3-14)
So sanh bieu thc (3-6) va (3-10), ta co
StY = StYY

(3-15)

Ngoai ra ta co bieu thc :

P = n.M

(3-15a)

Trong o:
P Cong suat tieu thu cua ong c.
M Momen quay cua ong c.
n Toc o goc cua roto.
Do o:
PYY
n1YY MtYY

PY
n1Y MtY

Trang

(3-16)
(3-17)

37

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

Thay
MYY
MY

n1YY
2
n1Y
2
1
2

GVHD:

va

PYY
2 vao
(3 16),tac
PY

Nh vay khi oi t sao sang sao kep, momen quay cua

ong c khong oi con cong suat th tang gap hai
lan.
Vi cac bieu thc a phan tch nh tren, ta dng c
ac tnh c nh
hnh 3-3

n1YY

StYY
n1Y

StY

M
Hnh 3-3.ac tnhMc
cuon
stato t
tY khi oi M
tYY
sao sang sao kep.
2.oi Noi Cuon Stato T Sao Sang Sao Na Ngc.

a1

b1

x1

y1

a2

b2

x2

y2

o B
c1

z1

oA
c2

Trang
z2

oX
38

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

o B

o C

a1

b1

x1

y1

z1

b2

c2

y2

z2

x2

c1

oA

oX

Hnh 3-4 S o nguyen ly au cuon stato va s o khai

trien mot pha cua cach au sao va sao na ngc.
Trong cach noi nay, ta cung co quan he ve toc o
ong bo nh sau:
Khi noi sao sang sao na ngc, taco:
n1Y 1 / 2 ng
2
n1Y

(3-18)

* khi noi sao.

U1

StY

Trang

(3-18a)

Ud

MtY

3
r '2
r1 xn 2
2

(3-19)
2

3U 1

2n1Y
( r1 r1 2 xn 2 )
9,55
PY 3.U1.Im.cos
Y Y

(3-20)
39

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

(3-21)
* Khi noi sang sao na ngc:
Khi oi noi thanh sao na ngc th hai cuon day stato
cung au noi tiep nen:

r '2

StY 1 / 2 ng

r1
2

Mty1 / 2 ng
PY 1 / 2 ng

Xn

StY

(3-22)

3U 1 2

(3-23)

4n1Y 1 / 2 ng
( r1 r1 2 Xn 2 )
9,55
3U 1 Imcos Y 1 / 2 ngY 1 / 2 ng

(3-24)

T (3-20 va (3-23), ta co quan he:

MtY 1 / 2 ng
ntY
1

MtY
ntY 1 / 2
2

(3-25)

Vay MtY = 2 Mty1/2ng

(3-26)
T (3-21) va (3-24), ta co:
(3-27)

PY 1 / 2 ng
1
PY
PY 1 / 2 ng PY

(3-28)

Theo bieu thc (3-15a), ta co:

PY 1 / 2 ng
nY 1 / 2 ng MY 1 / 2 ng

PY
nY
MY

(3-29)

Thay (3-27) va (3-18) vao (3-29), ta c:

MY 1 / 2 ng
1

MY
2

(3-30)

Nh vay ta dng c ng ac tnh tren hnh 3-4.

40
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

StY1/2ng

GVHD:

n1Y1/2ng

n1Y
StY

M
MtY1/2ng
MtY
Hnh 3-4. ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong bo khi
au sao sang sao na ngc.
2. oi Noi Cuon Stato T Tam Giac Sang Sao
Kep yy
Theo cach au cuon day stato t tam giac sang sao
kep, ta co quan he nh sau:
n1YY
2
n1

(3-31)

* S o oi noi day t tam giac sang sao kep nh hnh

3-5.
A
o

B
o
x2
OO
O
a2

Trang

C
o

b1
OO
O y1
oA

oX

41

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG
x1
O
O
a1 O
a)

GVHD:

b2
O
O
O y2

z2

c2

z1

A
o

c1

B
o

x2
OO
a2 O

z2

C
o

b1
OO
O y1

b2
O
OO

x1
O
a1 OO
c2

z1

c)

y2

c1

oX

oA

b)
Hnh 3-5.
a) S o
b) S o
c) S o
d) S o

d)

au day cua cach au tam giac.

au day cua cach au sao kep.
ang tr mot pha cua cach au tam giac.
ang tr mot pha cua cach au sao kep.

Ta nhan thay khi au tam giac hai cuon day stato cung
au noi tiep, nen tng t nh cach au sao ta tnh
c cac ai lng nh sau:

Mt

St

3( 3U ) 2
4n1
(r1
9,55
r '2

r1 2 xn 2

r1 2 xn 2

(3-32)
(3-33)

P 3 3U 1 Imcos

(3-34)
42
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

* Trng hp dau sao kep cung tng t nh tren, do

o:

StYY
MtYY

r '2

r12 xn 2
3U 12

2n1YY
( r1 r12 xn 2 )
9,55

PYY 2.3.U1I m. cos YYYY

MtYY
1

Mt
2

(3-35)
(3-36)

(3-37)
(3-38)

T (3-32) va (3-36), ta c:
T (3-33) va (3-37), ta c:
PYY
2 cos YYYY
2

1
P
3 cos
3

(3-39)

Ngoai ra ta tnh c nh sau:

P
n1 Mt

PYY
n1YY MtYY
1 Mt
1
2 MtYY
Vay

Mt
1

MtYY
2

(3-40)

(3-41)

Nh vay khi oi noi t tam giac sang sao kep, th cong

suat khong oi con momen giam, ta c ac tnh c
nh hnh 3-6.

43
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

n
n1YY

StYY
n1
St

Mt
MtYY
M
Hnh 3-6. ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong bo khi
oi noi day quan stato t tam giac sang sao kep.
3. NHAN XET VA NG DUNG TRONG
CONG NGHIEP
1. Nhan Xet.
Phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo bang cach thay oi so oi cc co u iem sau:
- Thiet b n gian, gia thanh ha.
- Cac ng ac tnh c eu cng va ton that phu
khong ang ke.
- ong c lam viec chac chan.
- ieu chnh va khong che toc o kha n gian.
Nhng van co cac nhc iem sau:
- Kch thc ong c ln.
- Pham vi ieu chnh khong rong lam
Dmax = 8
-

Ch cho nhng toc o cap vi o nhay cap kha

ln.
Hieu suat s dung day quan thap.
Cau tao cua ong c tng oi phc tap, nang ne
va gia thanh cao.

2. ng Dung Trong Cong Nghiep.

44
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

ay la phng phap c ng dung trong cac may nh

may mai van nang, thang may nhieu tang, may nang
trong ham mo va con dung trong mot so may cat
kim loai, bm ly tam va quat thong gio.

CHNG 4

IEU CHNHTOC O ONG C

KHONG ONG BO BA PHA BANG
CUON KHANG BAO HOA

I.KHAI NIEM VE CUON KHANG BAO HOA

45
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Cuon khang bao hoa la thiet b ien t co tr so

ien khang bien oi c. Ve mat cau tao, cuon
khang co ba bo phan chnh:
Loi sat:
c lam thanh hai loi giong nhau, e kh anh hng
cua t thong xoay chieu oi vi cuon mot chieu.
Cuon lam viec Wlv :
c noi tiep vi phu tai Zpt . Cuon lam viec co
ien khang thay oi c.
Cuon khong che Wkc :
Cuon khang co ba en bon cuon dung khong che.
Trong o mot cuon khong che chu ao, cac cuon
con lai dung thc hien phan hoi trong he.
thong truyen ong ien. Quan len hai loi sat, c
at vao ien ap mot chieu tao ra dong khong che Ikc
e ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong bo bang
cuon khang bao hoa ngi ta dung cuon khang bao
hoa ba pha, hoac ba cuon khang bao hoa mot pha co
ieu khien ong thi, mac mach stato hoac roto theo
s o nguyen ly hnh 4-1
Ta thay ca hai trng hp khi mac vao mach stato hay
roto eu co chung mot y ngha la a them vao mach
cua ong c mot lng ien khang x k lam cho momen
ti han va o trt ti han giam nho i theo phng
trnh nh sau:

Mt

3U12

(4-1)

2n1
(Xn Xck)
9,55
r'2
St
Xn Xck

(4-2)

Trong o:
U1 ien ap pha cua li ien at vao ong
c.
xk ien khang cua cuon khang bao hoa.
xn ien khang ngan mach cua ong c.
r2 ien tr roto tnh oi ve stato.
Mt Momen ti han cua ong c.
St o trt ti han cua ong c.
46
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Trong thc te khi mac cuon khang bao hoa vao mach
stato ong c co cac u iem sau:
- Giam c ton that ong c
- He so cong suat ln.
Khi mac cuon khang bao hoa vao mach roto hnh 4-1b.
Mac du co giam ch tieu nang lng nhng van co
cac khuyet iem sau:
Quan tnh he thong ln lam cho he so cong suat
cos giam sinh ra ton hao tren ien tr phu.

U1 ~

U1~
o

o+
Xck

KB
Wlv

Ukc

o-

o+

Rc
Xck
Wlv

KB

Wkc
Ukc

a)
b)
Hnh 4-1. S o nguyen ly ieu chnh toc o bang
cuon khang bao hoa.
a) Mac mach stato
b) Mac mach roto
II. PHNG TRNH VA DANG AC TNH C.
Phng trnh ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong bo
co dang:

2 Mt (1 )
S St
2
St S

(4-3)

47
Trang

Rc

o-

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Trong o:

Mt

St

(4-4)

3U 1 2
2n1
(r1
9,55
r '2

r1 2 xn 2 )

(4-5)

r1 2 xn 2
r1

(4-6)

r1 2 xn 2

Khi mac cuon khang bao hoa vao stato, ta c nh

sau:

Mt

St

3U 1 2

2n1
( r1 rck )
9,55
r '2

(r1 rck ) 2 ( xn xck ) 2

(r1 rck ) 2 ( xn xck )

(4-7)
(4-8)

r1 rck
(r1 rck ) 2 ( xn xck ) 2

(4-9)

Khi mac cuon khang bao hoa vao roto, ta co:

Mt

St

3U 1 2

2n1
r 1 r1 2 ( xn xck ) 2
9,55
( r '2 rck )
r 1 2 ( xn xck )

(4-11)
(4-12)

r 1 rck
r1 ( xn xck ) 2
2

(4-13)
48

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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Trong o:
Rck, xck la ien tr, ien khang moi pha cua cuon day
lam viec khi co cuon khang bao hoa.
(4-13)
xck= 2fLck
f la tan so cua stato hay roto tuy theo khi mac cuon
khang bao hoa stato hay roto.
Lck tr so ien cam moi pha cua cuon khang bao
hoa.

Lck 10 8

Wlv 2 S

(4-14)

S la tiet dien loi sat

l chieu dai trung bnh cua mach t.
4. PHNG PHAP DUNG CUON KHANG
BAO HOA E IEU CHNH TOC O
ONG C.
e ieu chnh toc o ong c bang cuon khang bao
hoa ngi ta thay oi dong ien t hoa cua cuon
khang ( dong khong che I kc). Khi Ikc tang th xck giam,
ien ap at
vao ong c tang len va khi I kc giam th
U1 ~
xck tang, ien
ap at vao ong c giam. Sau ay ta
o
o
o
khao sat cac trng
hp sau:
Ikc
o+
1. He Thong Cuon Khang Bao Hoa ong C
Dung Khau Phan Hoi Am
Toc o.
Ukc
X
c
k
e tang kha nang ieu chnh toc o ong c ta
dung s o nguyen ly phan hoi am toc o nh hnh
4-2. ay la he thong trong o lng phan hoi c
W l v hien bang may phat toc.
thc
Rc
LC

KB

FT

Uss

Ufh

n
+ o

Trang

oCKFT

RFT

o -

49

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 4- 2. S o nguyen ly dung khau

phan hoi am toc o.
* Nguyen ly lam viec:
Ta co:
Sc ien ong cua may phat:
EFT = Ufh = KE FT n(4-15)
Dong khong che:
Ikc

U1 ~
ien ap khong che:
o
o
Trong o:
Xck

Ukc
Rkc
o

Ikc2
Ukc = Uss - Ufh
H2

(4-16)
Ikc3
(4-17)
H3

Ikc1

H1

Uss ien ap so sanh do nguon ngoai at vao dung

R
Wlv
Wck1
e thay oi dong
khong che.
Wck2
Wck3
Ufh ien ap phan hoi am toc oCL1
do may phat toc
Ukc
CL2
cung cap.
BD
Muon ieu chnh toc o ong c n, thay oi tr so
o
ien tr ieu chnh. Khi giam
R
th
Uss
giam,
U
c
kc
R1
giam, do o Ikc giam, luc nay cuon khang lam viec
trang thai kem bao hoa nen = dB/dH tang, xck tang,
BA
Ukc tang do vay toc o ong c n giam va khi tang
Rc th qua trnh dien ra ngc lai.
R2
* Kha nang t on nh ieu chnh toc o:
Chang han khi c cau san xuat can toc o yeu cau
khong oi (nyc = const) nhng v ly do nao o ot nhien

phu tai Mc giam xuong,

toc
o ong c tang len, U fh
KB
50
Hnh 4-3. S o cuon khang
bao ho
Trang
dung khau phan
hoi dng do
ien va am ien ap.

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

tang, Ukc giam, Ikc giam, tang, xck tang, nen U = U- Uck
giam va n giam ve v tr ban au.
Khi phu tai Mc tang lam toc o ong c giam va qua
trnh dien ra ngc lai.
2. He Thong Cuon Khang Bao Hoa ong C
Dung Khau Phan Hoi Dng Dong ien Va
Am ien Ap
S o nguyen ly nh hnh 4-3.

S o tren hnh 4-3 dung ba cuon khang bao hoa.

Trong o:
Wck1 Cuon khang chu ao tao ra t trng H1.
Wck2 Cuon phan hoi dng dong ien c cung
cap ien mot chieu thong qua may bien dong BD va
bo chnh lu CL1 tao ra cng o t trng H 2 cung
chieu vi H1.
Wck3 Cuon phan hoi am ien ap c cung cap
ien nh may bien ap BA va bo chnh lu CL 2 tao ra
t trng H3 ngc chieu vi H1.
BA: May bien ap
BD: May bien dong
* Nguyen ly lam viec:
trng hp nay ta cung thay oi R c e ieu chnh
toc o, ta co:
T trng tong cua cuon khang:
51
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GVHD:

H = H1 + H2 (4-18)
- H3
Khi ta giam Rc th Ukc giam do o Ikc giam, cuon khang
lam viec trang thai kem bao hoa, x ck tang, Uck
tang, toc o ong c giam va khi tang Rc th qua
trnh dien ra ngc lai.
s o hnh 4- 3, khi ta muon thay oi he so phan
hoi dng dong ien th thay oi tr so R 1 va thay oi
he so phan hoi am ien ap th ta thay oi tr so R2.
* Kha nang t on nh toc o cua he thong.
He thong co kha nang t on nh toc o khi phu tai
thay oi nh co khau phan hoi dng dong ien va
am ien ap.
Gia s khi can toc o khong oi n = n yc = const. ot
nhien phu tai Mc giam xuong lam toc o n tang len
hn toc o yeu cau, khi M c giam th I1 giam nen H2
giam.
Mac khac, khi I1 giam, Uck giam, U tang, v vay H3
tang. Ma t trng tong
H = H1 + H2 - H3 giam, luc o cuon khang lam viec
trang thai kem bao hoa, he so t tham tang nen
xck tang va ien ap ri tren cuon khang U ck tang do
o ien ap at vao ong c U giam lam cho toc o
ong c giam ve toc o yeu cau.

Ta co dang ac tnh c nh hnh 4-4.

n
n1
nmax
n1.1

n1.2

C
D
E

n1.3
nmin
Trang

Mc

TN (Um)
Ikc max
Ikc1
Ikc2
Ikc3
Ikc min
M 52

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 4-4. Dang ac tnh c khi dung cuon khang bao

hoa co khau phan hoi.

IV. NHAN XET VA NG DUNG TRONG CONG NGHIEP

1. Nhan Xet
Cac u iem:
- Pham vi ieu chnh toc o ong c tng oi rong
Dmax = 8
Qua trnh ieu chnh toc o bang phang v toc o
ong c phu thuoc vao dong ien khong che ma I kc
lai phu thuoc vao Rc .
- Lam viec chac chan, gia thanh thap hn va khong
gay on.
Cac nhc iem:
oi vi khau phan hoi am toc o:
- Can phai co may phat toc e noi vi ong c
ien lam cho s o phc tap hn.
- Phu thuoc vao nhng v tr xung quanh v chiem cho
ln.
oi vi khau phan hoi dng dong ien va am ien
ap.
- Co sai so ien ap at vao ong c do mac bien
ap vao stato.
- Can phai co may bien dong.
-

2. ng Dung Trong Cong Nghiep

Phng phap nay thng dung trong cac he thong
truyen ong nh can truc, may xuc va nhat la oi
vi nhng ni de b chay no nh mo dau,
mo than . . .
He thong cuon khang bao hoa ong c ngay cang
c ng dung rong rai trong ieu chnh toc o ong
c khong ong bo va khi s dung cuon khang bao
hoa e ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong bo
roto day quan, ngi ta ket hp cuon khang bao hoa
vi ien tr phu trong mach roto nham m rong pham
vi ieu chnh.
53
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

CHNG 5

IEU CHNH TOC

U1~ O ONG C
KHONG ONG BO BANG CACH THAY
o
o
OI
IEN
AP
o
Uk
B
I. NGUYEN LY IEU CHNH
Phng phap ieu chnh toc o khong ong bo bang
cach thay oi ien ap thc hien nh sau:

e thay oi ien ap, ngi

ta dung bo bien oi co

ien ap ra tuy theo tn hieu ieu khien at vao.

KB
S o nguyen ly hnh 5-1

Trang

rf

54

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 5-1. S o nguyen ly ieu chnh toc o ong c

khong ong bo
Nh hnh 5-1, ta thay:
Neu bo qua tong tr cua nguon va khong dung ien
tr phu trong mach roto. Khi ien ap cua bo bien oi
U2 th ta c ho ac tnh ieu chnh nh hnh
5-2.
Khi o:
o trt ti han gi nguyen gia tr
r '2

St

r1 xn 2
2

(5-1)

Momen ti han t le vi bnh phng ien ap U2

Mtu = Mt U22 (5-2)

Vi:
Trang

Mt

3U 2 2
2n1
(r 1
9,55

r 1 2 rn 2 )

55
(5-3)

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Trongo:
Mtu Momen ti han cua ong c ng vi ien
ap ieu chnh
U2 ien ap ra cua bo bien oi

n
U2.2

U2.1

n1

TN (Um)

St

Mtu

Mt

Hnh 5-2. Dang ac tnh ieu chnh khi khong dung ien
tr phu trong mach roto.
e cai thien dang ac tnh ieu chnh va giam bt
mc phat nong cua ong c. Khi dung ong c khong
ong bo roto day quan, ngi ta noi them mot bo
ien tr phu vao mach roto hnh 5-1. Khi o:
Neu ien ap at vao stato la nh mc (U 2 = U1) th ta
c ac tnh mem hn ac tnh t nhien va ta goi o
la ac tnh gii han (tgh).
Neu gia tr ien ap at vao stato khac vi gia tr
nh mc th momen ti han luc ieu chnh ien ap
56
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Mtu se thay oi t le vi bnh phng ien ap con o

trt ti han th khong oi, ngha la:
Mtu = Mt U22(5-4)
St = const
Khi xet en tong tr cua bo bien oi th viec xac
nh ac tnh gii han co phc tap. Khi o ta xem ien
tr rb va ien khang xb cua bo bien oi co gia tr
co nh khong phu thuoc vao ien ap U2. Luc o:

Mt

St

3U 2 2

2n1
( r 1 rb )
9,55
r '2 rf

( r 1 rb ) ( xb xn)
2

(5-5)
(5-6)

( r 1 rb ) 2 ( xb xn ) 2

Ta c phng trnh ac tnh c:

M

Vi

2 Mt (1 )
St S
2
S St
r1 rb

(5-7)
(5-8)

(r1 rb ) ( xb xn)
2

Dang ac tnh ieu chnh trong trng hp nay nh hnh

5-3.
n
TN (Um, rf = 0)

n1
U2, rf 0

U1, rf 0
gh (Um, rf

St

Trang

Mtu

Mt

57

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 5-3. ac tnh ieu chnh khi dung ien tr phu

vao mach roto.
II. PHNG PHAP DUNG BO IEU CHNH IEN AP
BANG THYRISTOR.
ay la bo ieu chnh c ng dung ngay cang
nhieu trong ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo v co nhieu u iem so vi cac bo bien oi xoay
chieu khac nh dung bien ap t ngau, dung khuech
ai t, .
S o nguyen ly cua he dung bo ieu chnh thyristor
nh hnh 5- 4.

U1

T1

Uk

T4

T3

T6

T5

T2

U2

Trang

KB

rf

58

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Hnh 5-4. S o nguyen ly cua he thong dung

bo ieu chnh thyristor.
Bo ieu chnh thyristor nay tng oi n gian gom
sau thyristor.
Khi trang thai xac lap, cac thyristor m nhng
goc kch nh nhau va khong oi. Khi o T 1, T3, T5 dan
na chu ky dng con T 2, T4, T6 dan na chu ky am
cua li ien.
ien ap at vao stato cua ong c U 2 (ien ap ra cua
bo bien oi) la nhng phan cua ng hnh sin tren
hnh 5-5.
U2

U1

U2

T1 dan
T4 dan

Hnh 5-5. o th ien ap pha au ra cua

bo ieu chnh thyristor.

Gia thiet ng cong tren hnh 5-5 la o th ien ap

cua pha A a vao stato cua ong c qua hai thyristor T 1
va T4.
Neu T1 m goc = 0 th T1 se dan cho en thi
iem do ien ap li dng at vao Anot va sau o
59
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o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

van dan t en + la nh nang lng ien t

tch luy trong day quan stato.
Tng t thyristor T4 dan na chu ky am va goc
phu thuoc vao o trt S.
e dng ac tnh c ieu chnh, ta bo qua ien tr
cua thyristor. Khi thyristor ang dan va cac ac tnh ieu
chnh ng vi nhng goc khac nhau c ve tren
hnh 5-6. V ien ap phu thuoc vao goc pha nen o
trt ti han cua cac ac tnh ieu chnh co the
khac vi o trt St .

n
U2, rf 0U1, rf 0
n1

St

TN (Um, rf = 0)

=0
gh (Um, rf
0

Mtu
Mt
M
Hnh 5-6. Cac ac tnh ieu chnh toc o ong c
khong ong bo dung bo ieu chnh thyristor.
III. NHAN XET VA NG DUNG
Phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo bang cach thay oi ien ap nguon c s dung
rong rai, nhat la bo ieu chnh dung thyristor v thc
hien de dang va t ong hoa. Xet ve ch tieu
nang lng, tuy ton that trong bo bien oi khong
ang ke nhng ien ap stato b bien dang so vi hnh
sin nen ton that phu trong ong c ln do o hieu
suat khong cao
Phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c bang cach
thay oi ien ap thng dung trong he truyen ong
60
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NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

ma momen tai la ham tang theo toc o nh quat

thong gio, bm ly tam,

CHNG 6

IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C

KHONG ONG BO BANG CACH THAY
OI TAN SO NGUON

I. NGUYEN LY VA QUY LUAT IEU CHNH KHI THAY OI

TAN SO
T bieu thc:

n1

60 f 1
P

(6-1)

Ta thay, toc o ong bo cua ong c khong ong bo

co the thay oi neu ta thay oi tan so li ien f 1. Do
o toc o cua ong c n = n 1(1 S)
(6-2), cung thay
oi theo.
Khi thay oi tan so li ien f1, nhan thay nh sau:
Neu bo qua ien tr day quan stato, tc la xem r1 = 0
th momen ti han cc ai la:
Mt

Trang

3U 1 2
3U 1 2

2n1
2 1 xn
xn
9,55

61

o An Tot Nghiep
NGUYEN D XNG

GVHD:

Trong o:
1 toc o goc ong bo
1

(6-3)
(6-4)

2f 1
P

xn = 1Ln

(6-5)

Ln = L1 + L2

(6-6)

Thay (6-4) va (6-5) vao (6-3), ta c:

Mt

at

a const

taco
:
Mt a

3U 1 2 P 2
2(2 ) 2 f 1 2 Ln

(6-6)

3P2
2(2 )2 L n

(6-7)

U12
f12

Bieu thc (6-7) cho ta thay khi tang tan so nguon ma

van gi nguyen U1 th momen ti han cc ai M t giam
rat nhieu. Do o khi thay oi tan so f 1 th ong thi
phai thay oi U1 theo cac quy luat nhat nh nham
am bao s lam viec tng ng gia momen ong c
va momen phu tai. Ngha la t so gia momen cc
ai cua ong c va momen phu tai tnh oi vi cac
ac tnh c la hang so.

Mt
const
Mc

(6-8)

ac tnh c cua bo phan lam viec la quan he gia

toc o quay cua momen phu tai len truc quay.
Mc = f(n)
Theo bieu thc thc nghiem mang tnh chat tong quat
e mo ta dang ac tnh c cua bo phan lam viec
nh sau:
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GVHD:

n x
M c M co (Mcm M co)(
)
nm

(6-9)

Trong o:
Mc Momen can cua bo phan lam viec len
truc quay toc o n (Nm)
Mco Momen can cua bo phan lam viec len
truc quay khi n= 0.
Mcm Momen can cua bo phan lam viec len
truc quay khi n = nm.
x la so mu ac trng mo ta dang ac tnh c
cua bo phan lam viec (c cau san xuat) khac nhau.
Gom bon dang nh sau:
* x = 0, ta co:
(6-9a)
Mc = Mcm = const,
ay la ac tnh c ac trng cho he thong nang va
luon co gia tr nhat nh (ng 1 tren hnh 6-1).
* x=1
ac tnh c co dang: Mc = a(6-9b)
+ bn
Mc t le bac nhat vi toc o. ay la ac tnh ac
trng cho may phat ien mot chieu kch t oc lap
vi phu tai may phat la mot ien tr thuan ( ng
2 hnh 6-1).
* x = -1
ac tnh co dang:
Mc (a

b
)
n (6-9c)

Momen t le nghch nvi toc o, ac tnh nay ac

trng cho cac may cat kim loai (ng 3 hnh 6-1)
1
*x=2
3
2 (6-9d)
ac tnh co dang: Mc = a + bn
4
Momen t le vi bnh phng toc o, la ac2 tnh ac
trng cho may nen, tau thuy,..(ng 4 hnh 6-1)

0
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GVHD:

Hnh 6-1. Cac dang ac tnh.

Nh vay, muon ieu chnh toc o ong c khong
ong bo bang cach thay oi tan so ta phai co mot
bo nguon xoay chieu co the ieu chnh tan so ien
ap mot cach ong thi theo cac quy luat nh sau:
U1
const
f1
U1
*
const
f 12
*

U 12
const
f1

Nh vay dang ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong bo

khi thay oi tan so theo quy luat ieu chnh hnh 6-2.
n

Mc =
const

n1.1
n1cb
n1.2

Mc =
a+b/n
f1.1

f1.1
n1.1
f1m
f1.2

f1.2

n1.2

0
M
Mc = a+bn2

n
Mc
n1.1
n1cb
n1.2

f1m

ncb

f1.1
f1.2

f1m
M

0
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GVHD:

Hnh 6-2. Cac dang ac tnh c cua ong c khong ong

bo khi thay oi tan so theo quy luat ieu chnh U va
f.
II. CAC BO BIEN TAN DUNG E IEU CHNH TOC
O ONG C
e tao ra cac bo bien tan co U va f thay oi c,
ngi ta co the dung cac bo bien tan vi may ien
quay nh may phat ong bo, may phat khong ong
bo hoac dung bo bien tan ban dan. So vi cac bo
bien tan ban dan , bo bien tan may ien quay co
nhieu nhc iem va ngay cang t dung. Bi vay
trong luan an nay ch trnh bay cac bo bien tan ban
dan.
Cac bo bien tan ban dan gom co:
Bo bien tan ban dan trc tiep va bo bien tan co
khau trung gian mot chieu.
1. Bo Bien Tan Trc Tiep Dung Thyristor.
ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong bo bang bo
bien tan dung trc tiep thyristor co s o nguyen ly
nh hnh 6-4.
~ U1, f1
o

TA
CK

NA

TB

ck

CK

TC

NB
CK

CK

U2 f2
B

NC
CK

KB
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GVHD:

Hnh 6 4. S o nguyen ly cua bo bien tan trc tiep

dung thyristor.
Bo bien tan trc tiep dung thyristor bien oi trc tiep
nguon xoay chieu ba pha U1, f1 bang hang so thanh
nguon xoay chieu ba pha co U2, f2 bien oi. Bo bien
tan nay gom 18 thyristor chia cho ba pha. Moi pha chia
lam hai nhom:
Nhom co catot noi chung lai goi la nhom thuan T, cung
cap phan ien ap dng tren moi pha cua ong c.
Nhom co Anot noi chung goi la nhom nghch cung cap
ien ap au ra cho na chu ky am.
moi pha co dung hai cuon khang e lam giam
dong ien can bang cua cac thyristor khi chuyen mach
gia nhom thuan va nhom nghch.
Neu goi tan so nguon vao la f 1, so pha ien ap au
ra la m (m=3), so nh hnh sin cua song ien ap au
vao trong na chu ky cua ien ap au ra la n th tan
so ien ap au ra cua bo bien tan la:
f

f1

m
2n m 1

(6-10)

Nh vay:
Muon thay oi tan so f 2 ta thay oi so nh hnh sin
cua ien ap au vao trong na chu ky cua ien ap
au ra (tc la thay oi thi gian lam viec cua thyristor
trong cung mot nhom thuan hay nghch so vi chu ky
song ien ap au vao).
Muon thay oi tr so ien ap au ra cua bo bien tan
la U2 ta thc hien khong che thi gian kch xung len
cac thyristor so vi thi iem chuyen mach t nhien.
Tc la tao ra mot song ien ap au ra co tr so
trung bnh nho hn tr so trung bnh cua ien ap au ra
khi chuyen mach t nhien. Dang song ien ap au ra
U1, U2
cua bo bien tan hnh 6-5.
U1a
U1b
U1cU2A
(=0;n=3)

t
Tt
Trang

Tn
T2

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GVHD:

Hnh 6-5. o th ien ap mot pha cua bo bien tan

trc tiep dung thyristor.
2. Bo Bien Tan Dung Thyritor Co Khau Trung Gian
Mot Chieu.
Bo bien tan co khau trung gian mot chieu la bo
bien oi hai tang. Nhom chnh lu co chc nang bien
oi ien xoay chieu thanh mot chieu. Sau khi qua bo
loc, ien ap mot chieu c nghch lu thanh ien ap
xoay chieu co tan so bien oi. Nhom nghch lu
ay lam viec oc lap vi li, ngha la cac van cua
chung chuyen mach cho nhau theo che o cng bc,
ta goi nghch lu nay la nghch lu ap. Tan so au ra
c ieu chnh nh thay oi chu ky ong cat cac
van trong nhom nghch lu con ien ap ra co the ieu
chnh nh thay oi goc thong cua cac van trong
nhom chnh lu.
S o nguyen ly cua bo bien tan co khau trung gian
mot chieu hnh 6-6.

L1

Lo
T9

T7

T11

D7

D9

D11

T1
C1

T3

T5

C3

C5
D1

D3

Co

~o

D5

U2, f2

U1, f1
o

D10

D12

D8

D6

D4
C4

KB

D2

C6
C2

T10

T12

T8
T4

T6

T8

L2

Hnh 6-6. S o nguyen ly bo bien tan co khau trung

gian mot chieu.
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GVHD:

ay la s o nguyen ly cua bo bien tan co khau

trung gian mot chieu dung nghch lu ap.
Nhom chnh lu gom 6 thyristor T7 T12 lam nhiem vu
bien ien ap xoay chieu thanh mot chieu. Bo loc
phang gom khang Lo va tu Co. Phan chnh cua bo
nghch lu la cac thyristor T1 T6, chung c m theo
th t T1, T2, T3,T4, T5, T6, cach nhau 1/6 chu ky cua ap ra.

Nh vay:
Bang cach thay oi khoang thi gian dan cua cac
thyristor ta thay oi c chu ky cua ien ap ra tc la
ieu chnh c ien ap ra. e chuyen mach gia
cac van, ta dung cac tu C1 C6.
Gia s trong khoang thi gian nao o T 1 va T2 dan, tu
C1 c nap t nguon hnh 6-6. Khi kch xung m T 3 tu C1
phong qua T1 va T3 tao ra dong khoa T1 lam T3 dan.
Cac diode D1 D6 co tac dung ngan cach cac tu
chuyen mach vi phu tai, khong cho cac tu phong
ien qua phu tai. Nh vay ien dung yeu cau cua tu
c giam nho va ap tren tai khong b anh hng
bi s phong nap cua tu.
Cac diode D7 D12 , tao thanh mot cau ngc co tac
dung m cho dong phan khang t pha ong c ve tu
Co. dong ien nay xuat hien do s lech pha gia dong
va ap tren ong c.
Cac thyristor cua nghch lu chuyen mach theo tn hieu
ieu khien nen cc tnh ien ap tren moi pha stato
thay oi theo tan so ieu khien. ien ap pha a vao
ong c co dang nh hnh 6-7.

2
t
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GVHD:

Hnh 6-7. o th ien ap phatren au ra cua bien tan

co khau trung gian mot chieu.

III. NG DUNG TRONG CONG NGHIEP.

Phng phap ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong
bo bang cach thay oi tan so nguon c ng dung
rong rai trong cong nghiep vi u iem gon nhe va
de ieu chnh.
Bo bien tan dung trc tiep thyristor c dung trong
cong nghiep nh ieu chnh toc o trong truyen ong
chnh cua cac may mai cao toc, ieu chnh toc o
trong cac he thong bang tai.
Bo bien tan dung may phat ong bo c ng dung
khi can ieu chnh toc o ong thi cho nhieu ong
c.

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GVHD:

CHNG 7

IEU CHNH TOC O ONG C

KHONG ONG BO BANG PHNG
PHAP NOI TANG
I.

PHNG PHAP NOI TANG DUNG HE THONG VAN

MAY IEN

oi vi nhng ong c khong ong bo roto day quan

co cong suat ln hoac rat ln th ton that cong
suat trt se rat ln. Do o co the khong dung c
cac thiet b chuyen oi va ieu chnh ien tr
mach roto.
e va tan dung c nang lng trt va ieu
chnh c toc o ong c khong ong bo roto day
quan, ngui ta s dung cac s o noi tang sau:
S o noi tang may ien, s o noi tang van - may
ien, .
ay ta ch xet s o noi tang van - may ien.
o
~ Uo1
o

KB

o
MC

ckmc
D1

D6

D3

D4

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GVHD:

Hnh 7-1. S o noi tang van may ien

e ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong bo trong

cac s o noi tang, ta thc hien bang cach a vao
roto mot sc ien ong phu E f. Sc ien ong phu
nay co the la xoay chieu hoac mot chieu.
Tren s o hnh 7-1, ta thay muon ieu chnh toc o
ong c th ta thay oi sc ien ong phu E f. Sc ien
ong nay do may mot chieu tao ra.
Gia thiet khi Mc = const va ong c lam viec trang
thai xac lap ng vi mot gia tr Ef nao o. Neu
tang Ef len th dong I2 giam momen ien t cua ong
c giam va co tr so nho hn momen M c nen toc o
cua ong c giam.
Khi toc o cua ong c giam th o trt S tang, lam
cho E2 = E2nm S tang, ket qua la dong I 2 va momen
ien t cua ong c tang len cho en khi momen
cua thiet b noi tang can bang vi M c th qua trnh
giam toc ket thuc va ong c lam viec trang thai
xac lap vi toc o nh ban au.
Dong ien chnh lu Id mach roto cua ong c c
xac nh:

Id

KsE 2 Ef
Rt

(7-1)

Trong o:
E2 Tr so hieu dung cua sc ien ong pha roto
ong c
Ks He so phu thuoc vao s o chnh lu (oi
vi s o cau ba pha Ks = 2,34)
Rt ien tr ang tr cua mach roto tnh oi ve
pha mot chieu
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GVHD:

Ef Sc ien ong cua may mot chieu.

Khi toc o ong c khong ong bo n < n 1. Neu bo
qua cac ton hao trong ong c va trong cac khau bien
oi th cong suat ong c khong ong bo lay t li
vao P1 = Pm con cong suat phu trong mach roto (cong
suat trt) Pf = Pm S thong qua bo chnh lu a vao
phan ng may mot chieu MC quay, keo theo F quay. F
phat ien tra nang lng ve nguon vi cong suat P f
= Pm S, ong c lam viec trang thai ong c.
Khi n > n1 th ong c lam viec trang thai may phat.
II.
PHNG PHAP NOI TANG DUNG THYRISTOR
e va ieu chnh c toc o ong c va tan
dung c cong suat trt, ta khao sat s o ieu
chnh cong suat trt (hay noi tang) dung thyristor nh
hnh 7-2.
o

~U

o
1

U2

KB

D1

D4

D3

D6

D5

D2

T1

T3

T5

NL

CL

P1
Pt
Trang

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GVHD:

Hnh 7-2. He thong noi tang van may ien

a) S o nguyen ly
b) Gian o nang lng
Tren s o hnh 7-2, nang lng trt t roto ong c
khong ong bo sau khi a chnh lu thanh mot chieu
c bien thanh xoay chieu nh bo nghch lu va tra
ve li ien nh bien ap BA. Sc ien ong phu a
vao mach roto cua ong c khong ong bo la sc
ien ong cua bo nghch lu. Tr so cua no c ieu
chnh bang cach thay oi goc m cua cac van
thyristor trong bo nghch lu.
ien ap xoay chieu cua bo nghch lu co bien o va
tan so khong oi do c xac nh bi ien ap va
tan so cua li ien. Bo nghch lu lam viec vi
goc ieu khien thay oi t 90o en 240o , phan con
lai danh cho goc chuyen mach .
o ln dong ien roto phu thuoc vao momen tai cua
ong c ma khong phu thuoc vao goc ieu khien
nghch lu.
ien ap U2 c chnh lu thanh ien ap mot chieu
nh bo chnh lu
D1 D6 qua ien khang loc L cap cho nghch lu va phu
thuoc vao nghch lu.
Gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap chnh lu va nghch lu
la nh nhau:
(7-2)
Ud = U
dn
Sai lech ve gia tr tc thi gia ien ap chnh lu
va nghch lu chnh la ien ap tren ien khang loc L.
Gia thiet bo qua ien tr va ien khang tan cua
mach stato va xem ong c co so vong day stato va
roto la nh nhau, th gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap
chnh lu khi Id = 0 la:
Ud

Trang

3 3U 1 n1 n

n1

(7-3)
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GVHD:

Trng hp khi co tai Id 0 th ien ap nay giam

xuong do sut ap chuyen mach gia cac van trong cau
chnh lu va sut ap do ien tr day quan roto.
III.

NHAN XET

Cac s o noi tang co nhieu u iem so vi cac s

o noi ien tr phu vao mach roto hoac thay oi cac
thong so cua ong c. Trong cac he thong noi tang,
cong suat trt c tra ve li ien hoac a len
truc ong c lam tang cong suat keo cua no.
ieu chnh toc o ong c khong ong bo bang he
thong noi tang co kha nang ieu chnh bang
phang. ac tnh ieu chnh co o cng cao, pham vi
ieu chnh toc o phu thuoc vao cong suat cua
may MC va F.
Tuy vay, he thong phai s dung them may mot
chieu MC va F lam cho he thong at tien va khong
kinh te lam.
Phng phap nay c dung nhieu trong cac truyen
ong ong c ien khong ong bo day quan co
cong suat ln.

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GVHD:

KET LUAN

Qua sau tuan thc hien e tai: ieu Chnh Toc o

ong C Khong ong Bo Va ng Dung Trong Cong
Nghiep. e tai nay nghien ve ly thuyet rat nhieu do
vay viec tm hieu cac phng phap ieu chnh toc o
ong c khong ong bo cho ta thay moi phng
phap eu co u va khuyet iem rieng cua no.
Tap o an nay, mac du con nhieu han che
nhng trong qua trnh thc hien e tai, a giup
em t anh gia va hieu ky hn nhng kien
thc ve chuyen mon. o cung la ket qua sau
nhieu nam hoc tap va cung s hng dan tan
tnh cua thay NGUYEN D XNG em thanh that
cam n.
Tuy nhien trong cong nghiep hoa th cac linh kien ien
t se ng dung rong rai trong viec ieu chnh toc
o ong c ien. Trong o ieu chnh toc o bang
cach dung cac thyritor se de dang va tien li hn.

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GVHD:

TAI LIEU TAM

KHAO
1.Truyen ong ien - NXB KH KT- Ha noi 1994
BUI QUOC KHANH NGUYEN VAN LIEN NGUYEN TH
HIEN
2. Giao Trnh Truyen ong ien T ong Tap 1
ai Hoc S Pham Ky Thuat TPHCM - 1989
NGUYEN D XNG
3. SMOLENSKT A.V.IVANOV
May ien - Tap 2
Ngi dch: VU GIA HANH PHAN T THU - KHKT -1992
4. Cac ac Tnh Cua ong C Trong Truyen ong
ien
Ngi dch: BUI NH TIEU
5.Giao Trnh May ien Tap 2 TPHCM
ai Hoc Bach Khoa - 1981
6. ien T Cong Suat Va ieu Khien ong C
ien
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GVHD:

CYRIL W.LANDER
Ngi dch: LE VAN D OANH
NXB KH KT HA NOI 1997 Tai Ban Lan Th 2
7. ien T Cong Suat
NXB GD 1993
NGUYEN BNH
8. Trang B ien ien T Cong Nghiep
Nha Xuat Ban Giao Duc 2000
VU QUANG HOI

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