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BI 19
TN BI : B NH RAM V ROM TRONG MY CD/VCD
M BI : HCO 01 22 15
Gii thiu :
y l bi hc gii thiu v b nh RAM, ROM cc my CD/VCD. Bao gm: S chc
nng, nhim v v nguyn l hot ng ca mch.. ng thi, hng dn hc sinh thc hnh
v cc ni dung: Chn on, kim tra, sa cha v thay th cc linh kin h hng lin quan n
mch RAM, ROM ca my CD/VCD.

Mc tiu thc hin: Gip cho hc vin c kh nng

1.

Trnh by ng cu trc, chc nng, nhim v ca b nh RAM v

ROM trong my CD/VCD.

2.
Trnh by ng nguyn l hot ng ca b nh RAM v ROM trong
my CD/VCD.
3.
Chn on, kim tra v thay th c b nh RAM v ROM trong
my CD/VCD ng tiu chun thit k.

Ni dung chnh:
Bao gm cc vn chnh sau:
1. Cu trc, chc nng, nhim v ca b nh RAM v ROM trong my CD/VCD
2. Nguyn l hot ng ca b nh RAM v ROM trong my CD/VCD
Cc ng chn a ch nh ca RAM, ROM.
Cc ng chn a ch nh ca RAM, ROM.
Cc ng d liu nh ca RAM, ROM.
Cc ng iu khin truy xut ca RAM, ROM.
3. Hin tng, nguyn nhn v phng php sa cha nhng h hng ca mch in b
nh RAM v ROM trong my VCD/VCD
Cc hnh thc hc tp:
I.

NGHE THUYT TRNH TRN LP C THO LUN

1. Cu trc, chc nng, nhim v ca b nh RAM v ROM trong my CD/VCD:

Do bi hc ch vit cho cp cng nhn nn s khi chc nng bn trong s khng
trnh by (nu mun hiu su, hc module K thut vi x l), ch trnh by s khi dng tm
tc tng qut cc tn hiu lin lc vo/ ra v cc tn hiu quang trng m bo cho mch hot
ng.
1.1. i vi RAM: thng trong cc my CD/VCD dng loi DRAM (Dynamic RAM : Ram
ng)
1.1.1.
S cu trc chung ca RAM: (Hnh 1.1-1)
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Hnh 1.1-1: S cu trc ca DRAM

1.1.2. Chc nng, nhim v ca b nh RAM:

Nhim v ca RAM l lu tr tm thi cc d liu phc v cho vic giI

nn MPEG.

Chc nng ca cc khi:

- Control logic: b iu khin logic.

- Clock Generator: B to xung nhp (xung ng h) dng cho vic truy xut data.
- Column Address Buffer & Refresh counter: B m , m v lm tI a ch ct.
- Row Address Buffer & Refresh counter: B m , m v lm tI a ch hng.
- Column DECODER & Latch circuit: mch cht v giI m theo hng.
- Sence Amplifier: b khuch i cm nhn.
- Bank A, B : cha cc mng nh (Memory Array). Tu vo dung lng ca RAM l bao
nhiu m kch thc v s lng mng nh s khc nhau.
- In/Out Buffer: b m d liu vo /ra.
- Command decoder: b giI m lnh.
- Mode register: Thanh ghi Mode.
1.2. i vi ROM: Thng dng l EPROM.
1.2.1.

S cu trc chung ca ROM: (Hnh 1.2-1)

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Hnh 1.2-1: S cu trc ca ROM

2.

Nhim v ca ROM: L lu tr cc d liu iu khin v cc d liu hin th,

cng nh hnh nh c trng ca hng sn xut. Do , cc d liu ny do
nh sn xut lp trnh v np trong ROM.

Nguyn l hot ng ca b nh RAM v ROM trong my CD/VCD: (Hnh 2.1-1)

2.1. i vi RAM:
Cc ng a ch (Address) v d liu (Data) giao tip trc tip vi IC gii nn
MPEG.
Trong my CD/VCD, dung lng ca RAM dao ng t 1Mbyte 16Mbyte. Thng
thng l 4Mbyte.
Hot ng ca b nh RAM dng lu tr cc d liu sau :

Lu tm thi cc d liu nn cha cc thng tin v hnh nh v m thanh

(Com pressed audio and video
data ) trong lc ch giI nn.

Khung thng tin gii m v hnh nh v m thanh cn hin th ngay.

Cc khung thng tin tham chiu gii m ca nh d on trong qu kh v

tng lai .

Cc thng tin lnh iu khin thc hin qu trnh gii nn.

Cc thng s Header ca chui d liu nn (Bitstream).

V lnh FIFO.

Hot ng chi tit din ra bn trong RAM trong qu trnh thc hin gii nn rt
phc tp, do gii hn ca gio trnh ch vit cho cng nhn cp sa cha,
ch khng thit k, nn khng i su chi tit qu trnh iu khin truy cp RAM m
chi quan tm cc mi giao tip quan trng gia RAM vi khi Gii nn nhm phc v
cho qu trnh chn on sa cha khi c s c lin quan n RAM.
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2.2. S giao tip chung gia RAM/ROM vi khi giI m nn MPEG:
2.2.1. S giao tip chung gia RAM/ROM:

Hnh 2.2-1: S giao tip chung gia RAM/ROM vi khi giI m nn MPEG
2.2.2. Gii thiu cc tn hiu giao tip :
/CAS (Column Address Strobe): a ch ct nh (lu tr).
/RAS (Row Address Strobe): a ch hng nh (lu tr).
MADDR[20:0] (Memory address): a ch nh vi 20 bit a ch, tu

theo my m s bit a ch khc nhau (tu dung lng).

MDATA[15:0] (Memory Data Bus): D liu ca nh vi s bit l 16.
/MWE (Memory Write Enable): Cho php ghi vo nh.
/ROM-CS ( Rom Chip Select): Tn hiu chn chip ROM c.
/SD-CAS ( SDRAM- Column Address Strobe): Tn hiu a ch ct ca

SDRAM.
/SD-RAS ( SDRAM- Row Address Strobe): Tn hiu a ch hng ca

SDRAM.
SD-CLK (SDRAM-Clock): Tn hiu xung CLK cp cho SDRAM.
/SD-CS[1 :0] (SDRAM-Chip Select): Tn hiu chn chip SDRAM thc

hin ghi/ c.
LDQM (Data input/output mask):
Tn hiu cho php lc (Mask) d liu vo/ ra.
/UDQM: Tn hiu khng cn lc (Mask) d liu vo/ ra.

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II. T NGHIN CU TI LIU LIN QUAN V THO LUN NH
1. c cc tI liu ca s dn trI my CD\VCD ca D n GD dy ngh trang
b ti xng thc hnh.
2. Tham kho sch Tm hng v sa cha u my CD, LD, DVD, CD_ROM,
VCD ca - K s Nguyn Minh Gip.
3. Tham kho sch COMPACT DISC PLAYER - Nguyn l v cn bn sa cha,
tp I, II ca K s Phm nh Bo.
4. Tho lun v t hc thuc cc thut ng vit tt v mch b nh RAM v ROM
trong my VCD/VCD.
5. T nghin cu v tho lun s mch b nh RAM v ROM trong my
VCD/VCD ca cc hng sn xut.
6. c v nghin cu cc s mch nguyn l mch b nh RAM v ROM trong
my VCD/VCD thng dng.
7. Tp phn tch, tho lun v tm lc cc ng tn hiu lin quan n mch b
nh RAM v ROM trong my VCD/VCD.

3.

III. THC TP TI XNG

Kho st v phn tch mch in b nh RAM v ROM trn my CD/VCD thc t:
3.1. Cung cp ti liu lin quan n b nh RAM v ROM ca my ang thc hnh ti
xng: Bao gm.
S khi lin lc tng th gia cc khi chc nng ca hng sn xut.
S mch in nguyn l ( Schematic Diagram) mch in b nh RAM v ROM.
Bng tm tt cc thng s k thut quan trng do hng sn xut cung cp, hoc c
th hin ngay trn Schematic Diagram.
Cc ti liu h tr khc (nu c).
3.2. Hng dn thc hnh kho st v phn tch:
Gm cc bc sau:
Hng dn c v Phn tch S khi lin lc tng th gia b nh RAM v ROM
vi cc khi chc nng.
Hng dn c v Phn tch s mch nguyn l (Schematic Diagram).
Hng dn cch v s lin lc tm tt nh s khi chc nng phn u ca
bi ny. (nu khng c th s dng ngay ti liu s khi lin lc ca hng sn
xut).
Hng dn cch d mch in v cch o cc thng s in p v dng tn hiu
trn my so vi cc thng s chun trn Schematic ca my.

Sau y s gii thiu my VCD s dng Bo giI nn thng dng dng IC giI nn
CL8830 minh ho cho cc bc nu trn :
Cung cp ti liu:
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Cho s lin lc tng th nh (Hnh 3.2-1)
Cho s mch in nguyn l nh ( Hnh 3.2-1a ; 1b).
Cc thng s k thut c th hin ngay trn Schematic Diagram.

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Hnh 3.1-1: S lin lc tng th

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Hnh 3.1-1a: S mch in nguyn l b nh RAM dng trn bo giI nn s dng

IC _CL8830

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Hnh 3.1-1b: S mch in nguyn l b nh ROM dng trn bo giI nn s dng

IC _CL8830
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3.2.1.

Hng dn c v Phn tch S khi lin lc tng th gia b nh RAM/ROM

vi cc khi chc nng :

Nhn vo S khi lin lc tng th ta thy RAM chnh l IC 7 v ROM chnh l U2.
C hai ch lin lc vi IC giI m nn MPEG chnh l IC4 (CL8830).
3.2.2. Hng dn c v Phn tch s mch nguyn l (Schematic Diagram):
Trn c s s lin lc tng th gia cc khi chc nng ta bt u c v phn
tch s mch nguyn l.
i vi RAM : (Hnh 3.1-1a ) c dung lng 4Mbyte, 50 chn.

Cc chn a ch c k hiu t (A0 A11): C th t chn 19, 20 A10,

A11. Chn (21 24) (A0 A3). Chn (27 32) (A4 A9).

Cc chn Data c k hiu t (D0 D15): C th t chn 2, 3 D0, D1.

Tng t nh vy, nhn s mach nguyn l ta nhn c cc chn cn
li.

Cc chn nhn tn iu khin: gm cc chn CLK, chn /CS, /RAS phn

tch nh gii thiu phn chung.

Cc chn cp ngun / t: Gm c Chn nhn ngun cp 3V3 (Vdd) cc

chn 1, 25 v 44. Cc chn t 0V (Vss) cc chn 10, 26, 41, 50.
i vi ROM: (Hnh 3.1-1b) c dung lng 2Mbyte, 32 chn.

Cc chn a ch c k hiu t (LA0 LA17).

Cc chn Data c k hiu t (LD0 LD7).

Cc chn nhn tn iu khin: C chn CE (Chip Enable) cho php chip hot
ng, cn chn /OE u t.

Cc chn cp ngun / t: IC nhn ngun +5Vcc ti chn 32 v chn t ti

chn 16.
3.2.3. Hng dn cch to s lin lc tm tt nh s khi chc nng phn u
ca bi ny. (nu khng c th s dng ngay ti liu s khi lin lc ca hng
sn xut):
Ban u khi mi lm quen ta nn t mnh v li s lin lc tm sau khi nm chc
cc k hiu chn (thut ng) v chc nng ca cc chn bng cch phin qua ting vit.
Sau khi quen thuc ta nn khai thc trc tip phn s khi lin lc ca hng sn xut
v ch lp li thao tc ny khi ta gp my khng c y ti liu.
3.2.4. Hng dn cch d mch in v cch o cc thng s in p v dng tn hiu
trn my so vi cc thng s chun trn Schematic ca my:
Cch d mch in: bng cch xc nh cc khi chc nng thng qua cc linh
kin d nhn bit, hoc thng qua m vng ca mch, hoc thng qua cc trm
lin lc nh trm dy lin lc vi bn phm, hoc lin lc vi IC nh, hoc
chnh m s ca IC. Sau khi xc nh vng mch, bo ,bo mch, ta ln lt d
mch theo tng nhm lin lc nh s khi tng qut.
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Cch o cc thng s in p v dng tn hiu:
Da vo bng thng s ca hng hoc da vo chc nng ca cc chn
m ta bit n thuc loi Data, xung Clock, hay tn hiu logic, hay p DC m chn
dung c o l My hin sng hay VOM hoc DMM.
Thng thng ta ch quan tm n ngun cp/ t v cc tn hiu iu khin
nh : CLK, /CS, MWE, CE
3.3. Tho lun cc hin tng h hng c bn c th xy ra ra theo nhm:
Gm cc hin sau:
Mt hin th - khng iu khin c.
a quay - Mt hnh, mt ting.
4.

Chn on, kim tra v sa cha b nh RAM/ROM trong my CD/VCD:

Hin tng h hng y ta ch quan tm n phn VCD l ch yu, cn phn CD xem

bi mch iu khin h thng (CPU). Ta bit nhim v ca RAM/ROM lin quan n mch
giI nn MPEG. Sau y s l mt s hng dn v gi phn tch theo hin tng trn mt
cch bao qut, tu vo kt cu ca tng my c th m v tr kim tra cng nh mt s chc
nng m trn mi my s khc nhau.
4.1. Mt hin th - khng iu khin c:
y l hin tng m vng mch c kh nng h hng lin quan n mch gii nn,
mch hin th v mch nh ROM. Ta bit, d liu iu khin v ni dung hin th c
lp trnh sn bi nh sn xut v np trong ROM. Do , mt trong 3 mch ny hng u
gy ra hin tng trn. Trong trng hp ghi vn mch nh ROM hng ta ln lt kim tra
theo th t nh sau:
Kim tra ngun cp cho IC_ROM:
Thng ngun cp cho ROM l +5V.
Kim tra chn CE (Chip Enable):
Cho php chip ROM hot ng, tc ng mc cao H.
Thay IC_ROM:
Nu cc chn trn u m bo so vi thng s chun ca my th ta tin hh
thay IC_ROM.
Khi thay IC_ROM cn lu :

PhI ROM ng vi Model ca my, do ROM c lp trnh theo IC giI

nn.

Nu khng c ROM cng model ca my th ta c th ly ROM ca my

khc nhng phI chy cng IC giI nn. Cn phI chp li ROM ca my
cng model trc khi thay vo. Nu khng cc phm lnh s sai chc
nng. v d bm Open/Close th hin th Play

Sau khi thay ROM th c hin th, my hot ng c nhng bm cc

phm lnh trn my hoc trn iu khin t xa th sai chc nng, n hin
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th sai. Ta phI np li chng trnh cho ROM, hoc lp trnh li cho ROM
i vi cc Bo VCD a nng ca Trung quc.
4.2. a quay - Mt hnh, mt ting:
y l hin tng h hng c th lin quan n nhiu vng mch chc nng c th l:

Hng IC _RAM.

Hng IC_ ROM.

Hng khi giI nn.

Trng hp nghi vn do mch nh RAM:

Ta bit nhim v ca RAM l lu tr tm thi cc d liu cn thit trong qu
trnh ch giI nn. Do , RAM v l no m khng hot ng, nh nhin khng giI
nn hnh v ting c gy ra hin tng trn. Ta tin hnh kim tra RAM theo th t
sau:

Cc chn cp ngun / t: Gm c Chn nhn ngun cp 3V3 (Vdd)

cc chn 1, 25 v 44. Cc chn t 0V (Vss) cc chn 10, 26, 41, 50.
nh IC _RAM gii thiu trn.

Cc chn nhn tn iu khin: gm cc chn CLK, chn /CS, /RAS

phn tch nh gii thiu phn chung.
Khi tt c cc chn trn u m bo ta tin hnh thay RAM cng loi hoc
tng ng.
Trng hp nghi vn do khi giI nn: Xem bi 16 - Sa cha khi giI nn hnh.
Trng hp nghi vn do mch nh ROM: xem trng hp trn (mc 4.1).
5. Gii thiu s chn RAM trn my VCD dn ca hng JVC:
My ny dng SDRAM, dung lng 16Mb, m s: HY57V161610DTC8.
S chn nh sau: (hnh 5.1)

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Hnh 5.1: S chn IC_SDRAM 18Mb

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