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Bi 21
Tn bi : Hin tng, nguyn nhn v phng php
chn on h hng thng gp ca my CD/VCD
M bi : HCO 01 22 18
Gii thiu :
y l bi hc cui cng ca Module Sa cha my CD/ VCD. Trong bi ny ch l nhng
gi , nhng hng dn mang tnh tng th nhm gip cho hc vin luyn tp kh nng chun
on cc h hng ca my thng qua cc hin tng biu hin ca my. Bng mt s gi
thao tc, vn hnh, kim tra nhanh theo kinh nghim khoanh vng nhng khi mch c kh
nng h hng. Thc t n nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh vi mch, my CD/VCD k c
DVD gn nh c tch hp hon ho, nn vic chn on cng phi tu theo cu trc ca
my v ph thuc rt nhiu vo kinh nghim ca ngi th. Do , trong bi ny chc chn s
khng hon ho m ch l nhng gi , nhm gip hc vin ti luyn t nhng vn rt cn
bn v i mt s hin tng thng dng mac thi.

Mc tiu thc hin: Gip cho hc vin c kh nng

1.
2.
3.
4.

M t y cc hin tng h hng thng xy ra i vi my CD/VCD.

Phn tch c cc nguyn nhn h hng.
iu khin v iu chnh u my CD/VCD mt cch thnh tho.
Chn on ng khi, vng mch c s c tng i chnh xc v nhanh chng.

Ni dung chnh:
Bao gm cc vn chnh sau:
1. Nhng hin tng h hng thng gp.
2. Qui trnh th my CD/VCD
3. Phng php xy dng lu phn tch, phn on khi, mch chc nng c kh nng
b s c t cc hin tng v kt qu kim tra s b.
4. Chn on, kim tra xc nh khi chc nng b h hng

Cc hnh thc hc tp:

I.

Nghe thuyt trnh trn lp C THO LUN

1. Nhng hin tng h hng thng gp:

Trong my CD/VCD nhng hin tng h hng thng gp c th lit k theo
th t sau:
1.1. My im lm n bo ngun khng sng.
1.2. My c n bo ngun khng iu khin c.
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1.3. Khng a a vo/ ra c.
1.4. My bo No Disc ri t dng.
1.5. My khng hin th khng iu khin c.
1.6. My mt hnh mt ting.
1.7. My c hnh c ting bnh thng mt hin th.
1.8. My c hnh khng ting.
2.

Qui trnh th my CD/VCD :

chun on h hng ca my mt cch nhanh chng chng ta nn tun th

theo phng php sau y:
2.1. Thu thp thng tin:
Thc t khi sa cha my ta nn thc hin bc thm d thng tin t ngi
s dng my. y l bc tuy n gin nhng gip ta chn on h hng ca
my nhanh chng bng cch suy lun, loi suy t thng tin ca ngi dng
thng qua mt s cu hi mang tn x giao v cng l thm d tnh trng my
trc khi hng, ngay khi hng hoc khi hng:
V d: Ta c th hi ngi dng hoc khch hng nhng cu hi theo trnh
t sau:
+ My ca anh (ch, ng, b, c, bc...) b g vy ? l cu hi c hi hin
tng. Nu khch hng bit h s tr li v ta tip tc dn dt, gi h
m t hin tng cng chnh xc cng tt.
+ My hng khi no ? khi ang dng ? khi mi bt my ? sau khi tt my?
lu ri khng dng ? ....
Ni chung, tu vo cu hi ban u, tu vo hin tng m ngi s dng m
t m ta t cu hi mt cch hp l nhm thu thp thng tin chnh xc nht.
2.2. Th my:
y l bc xc nhn li thng tin m ta thm d ngi dng, nu h ang
c mt ta nn tn dng thm d k hn.
Tu thuc tnh trng c khch hng m t m ta thc hin th my nhanh
theo 2 cch:
+ Kim tra ngui trc khi cm in, tc phi tho my: Cch ny c p
dng khi thy c nguy c gy thm h hng hoc c th h hng thm trm
trng nh cc hin tng: Khay a b kt, khng m khay a c, my
bc khi ...

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+ Kim tra nng, tc th khi cha tho my: p dng khi khng c kh nng
gy h hng thm cho my nh cc hin tng : khng c n bo ngun,
bo No Disc, mt hin th, khng hnh khng ting...
Nh vy: khi th my ban u nhanh chng ta hon ton ph
thuc vo thng tin khch hng. Nu khng c thng tin khch hng, bt but
ta phi thc hin ln lt theo 2 bc nu trn tin hnh kim tra,
chn on s b thng qua cc thao tc vn hnh my quan st hin
tng, s bng tay, ngi bng mi v cui cng kim tra bng thit b o ti
cc im TEST ca cc khi chc nng khoanh vng mch c th gy ra
h hng. T ta i vo kim tra chi tit c th i vi mi khi chc nng.
3. Phng php xy dng lu phn tch, phn on khi, mch chc nng c
kh nng b s c t cc hin tng v kt qu kim tra s b:
Trc khi xy dng lu ta cn phI nm chc, r, bao qut mi quan h gia
cc khi chc nng ca ton my. iu ny khng d i vi ngi mi hc xong ngh,
nhng nht thit phI luyn tp kh nng phn tch v tng hp cc t liu ca cc my
sa cha, cha sa cha nhng c ti liu nghin cu v cp nht cc kin thc
mi t thc tin, t nh sn xut T t rt ra cho mnh mt s s chung, qui
lut chung cho cc i my. Tt nhin ta nn nh, mi cI pht trin u c tnh tha k
v c xy dng trn mt kin thc c tnh c bn v cc s ca my pht trin
sau u da trn s c xy dng t cc khi chc nng c bn nht. Di y l
s khi c tnh c tnh c bn trn thng qua s c kt ca cc bi hc trc.
(Hnh 3-1).
3.1. S khi chc nng c bn ca my CD/VCD: (Hnh 3-1).

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Hnh 3-1: S khi chc nng c bn ca my CD/VCD

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3.2. Cch xy dng lu kim tra, chn on khi h hng:
Trn c s hin tng h hng ta xy dng lu kim tra, chn on khi
mch chc nng c th h hng.
3.2.1. My im lm n bo ngun khng sng:
Hng khi ngun cp l chc chn. Nhng hng do nguyn nhn g gy ra
( thng tin thu thp). T nhin hng Ngun AC qu cao/ qu thp ti thi im
h hng Do ngi dng khng cn thn gy ra...
Cch kim tra sa cha ngun cp nh sa cha ngun n p tuyn tnh
v ngt m trong my Radio-Casette hay my tng m.
3.2.2. My c n bo ngun khng iu khin c:
y l h hng c th lin quan nhiu khi chc nng, trn c s chc
nng nhim v ca cc khi m ta hc th hin tng ny c th do
cc khi sau:

Chn on:
+ Khi iu khin h thng (CPU System).
+ Khi ROM lin quan n mch CPU System.
+ Khi giI nn MPEG.
+ Khi RAM/ROM lin quan n mch MPEG.

Lu kim tra: (Hnh 3.2.2)

3.2.3. Khng a a vo/ ra c:

Chn on:
Lin quan n cc khi mch chc nng:
+ H thng khay a.
+ Mch MDA ng/ m khay a v m t.
+ Phm n.
+ Khi iu khin h thng (CPU System).

Lu kim tra: (Hnh 3.2.3)

3.2.4. My bo No Disc ri t dng:

Chn on:
Lin quan n cc khi mch chc nng:
+ H c.
+ Khi Spindle m t.
+ Khi MDA Spindle.
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+ Khi Servo Spindle.
+ Khi MDA Sled M t.
+ Khi Laserpickup.
+ Khi MDA Focus.
+ Khi Servo Focus.
+ Khi RF.Amp.
+ Khi DSP.

Lu kim tra: Hnh 3.2.4

3.2.5. My khng hin th khng iu khin c.

Chn on:
Lin quan n cc khi mch chc nng:
+ Khi iu khin h thng (CPU System).
+ Khi ROM lin quan n mch CPU System.
+ Khi giI nn MPEG.
+ Khi RAM/ROM lin quan n mch MPEG.

Lu kim tra: (Hnh 3.2.5)

3.2.6. My mt hnh mt ting.

Chn on:
Lin quan n cc khi mch chc nng:
+ Khi giI nn MPEG.
+ Khi RAM/ROM lin quan n mch MPEG.
+ Khi Host Micom.

Lu kim tra: (Hnh 3.2.6)

3.2.7. My c hnh - c ting bnh thng mt hin th.

Chn on:
Khi hin th.
3.2.8. My c hnh khng ting.

Chn on:
Lin quan n cc khi mch chc nng:
+ Khi AUDIO DAC & AMP
+ Khi giI nn MPEG.

Lu kim tra: (Hnh 3.2.7)

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M y c n b o ngun khng
iu khin u c

Bt u

Cp in kim tra khi

CPU SYSTEM

Khng

Kim tra sa cha

CPU SYSTEM

Th li my

m bo cc iu kin
CPU hot ng ?

Khng

Thay ROM

Kim tra m bo cc iu
kin ROM hot ng ?

Kt thc

Khng

Kim tra sa cha

khi MPEG

Kim tra m bo cc iu
kin khi MPEG hot ng
?

Khng

Sa cha thay ROM/

RAM

Kim tra m bo cc iu kin

RAM/ROM trong khi MPEG hot
ng ?

Hng ROM/RAM

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(Hnh 3.2.2)
My khng a a vo
ra uc

Bt u

Kim tra h thng

khay a ?

Khng tt

Kim tra sa cha

thay th h c

Tt

Th li my

K.tra p cp cho m t
khay a khi n phm
Close

Kt thc

C thay i Kim tra sa cha thay

th m t

Khng i

Kim tra p cp
cho MDA Tray

C thay i

Kim tra sa cha

MDA Tray

Khng i

Kim tra ng tn
hiu t CPU SYS ra
v phm n

(Hnh 3.2.3)

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M y b o N o D isc r i t
dng

Bt u

Khng tt

K i m tr a s a ch a
h c
T h l i m y

T t

Q u a n s- Kt i m
tr a h c

a q u a y
kh n g?

K t th c

K i m tr a s a ch a
m ch M D A S p in d le v
m t

Khng

K i m tr a s a ch a
kh i M D A S p in- d le
m t&
kh i S e r vo S p in d le

T c q u a y b n h Khng
th n g kh ?n g

K i m tr a s a ch a
m ch M D A S le d v
m t

K h i m t c c Khng
d ch ch u y n kh n g
?

K i m tr a s a ch a kh i
L a se r p icku
- Mp D A
T r a ckin g
C

Q u a n s t c m q u a n g
hc

C m q u a n g h c c dkh
i ng K i m tr a s a ch a
ch u y n l n xu n g
kh i L a se r p icku
- p
kh n g?
M D A F o cu s

khng

C m q u a n g h c c
p h t s n g kh ?n g

kh n g

C m q u a n g h c c
d i ch u y n q u a l i
kh n g?

K i m d n g s n g
E F M?

K i m tr a s a ch a
kh i L a se r p icku p

C
Khng

K i m tr a s a ch a
kh i R.AF M P

K i m tr a s a ch a kh i
D SP

(Hnh 3.2.4)
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M y khng hin th
khng iu khin u c

Bt u

Khng tt

Kim tra sa cha

CPU.SYS
Th li my

Tt

Kim tra cc iu
kin CPU SYS
hot ng ?

Kim tra ROM

thuc CPU
SYS

Khng tt

Kt thc

Kim tra sa cha

ROM SYS

Tt

Khng tt

Kim tra sa cha

khi MPEG

Tt

Kim tra khi

MPEG

Kim tra sa cha

ROM/RAM thuc
MPEG

(Hnh 3.2.5)

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My mt hnh - mt ting

Bt u

Khng tt

Kim tra sa cha

khi MPEG
Th li my

Tt

Kim tra cc iu
kin MPEG
hot ng ?

Kim tra ROM

thuc MPEG

Khng tt

Kt thc

Kim tra sa cha

ROM

Tt

Khng tt

Kim tra sa cha

khi HOST

Tt

Kim tra cc iu
kin HOST hot
ng ?

Kim tra sa cha

khi ROM thuc
HOST

(Hnh 3.2.6)

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My c hnh - mt ting

Bt u

Kim tra sa cha

khi Audio DAC

Khng

Kim tra cc tn
hiu vo mch
Audio DAC ?

Khng tt

Kt thc

Kim tra mch in

Tt

Kim tra cc tn hiu

giao tip lin quan n
Audio MPEG

Th li my

Kim tra sa cha

khi MPEG

(Hnh 3.2.7)
II. T NGHIN CU TI LIU LIN QUAN V THO LUN NH
1. c cc tI liu ca s dn trI my CD\VCD ca D n GD dy ngh trang
b ti xng thc hnh.
2. Tham kho sch Tm hng v sa cha u my CD, LD, DVD, CD_ROM,
VCD ca - K s Nguyn Minh Gip.
3. Tham kho sch My c a hnh v phng php chuyn i my CD sang
VCD ca K s Phm nh Bo.
4. T nghin cu v tho lun ti liu ca cc hng sn xut.
5. Tp phn tch, tho lun v tm lc cc h hng thng gp cc khi chc
nng trong my CD/VCD.

4.

III. THC TP TI XNG

Kho st v phn tch cc li gi trn my CD/VCD m hnh dn tri:
4.1. nh li gi ngu nhin:
4.2. Quan st hin tng v phn tch hin tng:
Gm cc bc sau:
Quan st v tho lun nhm m t hin tng mt cch chnh xc.
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5.

Tho lun nhm v phn tch hin tng t a ra cc chn on vng mch c
kh nng h hng.
4.3. Tin hnh lp lu kim tra.
4.4. Tin hnh kim tra theo lu .
4.5. Kt lun vng mch h hng.
4.6. Xc nhn kt qu nh cng tc gi li.
Kho st v phn tch cc h hng trn my CD/VCD thc t:
5.1. Gio vin to cc hin tng h hng ph hp vi thc tin.
5.2. Cho nhm thc hnh thc hin theo cc bc nh mc 4.2 4.5.
5.3. Gio vin phn tch v xc nhn li kt qu chnh xc cho hc sinh.

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