/

: ..
2015-12-10

-------------------
"

) (12.30-11

"
-1 : :


.
..

.


.


1

..


.


...
.





.
...

.
-2 :

) (Citizen
...

2

 /
)( )( )(

) (Citizen
.
Bernard Lewis, Islam and Liberal Democracy, A Historical Overview, Journal of
Democracy, 7.2 (1996). 52-63.
"
".
" " :
: .1984 .32-31 :


".
Muhammad Arkoun, Religion and Democracy, A theoretical Approach. a paper
presented at the conference on the Religion and Democracy organized by the
partiomentary Assembly of the council of Europe, 27 November 1998.

.

.
.
.
3

 /

.
:
".


...
...
.


.


.






.
...


4

 /
.


.

.







.


.
.
.

.

 /

.
...

.


.






.
-3 :




.


6

 /

.

.


.. ...
... .
...

...

.


.


.
1977 .
1962 .
.
7

 /
...

.

... .
.



.


..

... ...
.
.
1993.


...
.
...
8

 /
. ...

..
.
....
.
.. . )
.. (.

.


.
.

. ..

.
... .
1989.
... ..

9

 /
.

.




..
.
.


.

.
Tarik Al-Bechre, Participation, of Now Muslim.




.


10

 /
.

" ) (


.

..


.
)(
.
..
.

-4 :






.
11

 /
)(

.


.

... .


.
.
.

.
Collection Dictionnaire des motions philosophiques, 2 Paris. Puf. 1990. P 845.




..

.
-5 :
12

 /

) (

.. .
Renard (Emmanuelle), Mpuis social.. Ed. Passant 2000. P 66.


.
..

.
- :
.
)(
.

) (
.
.

.

13

 /

.
" :
".
.

.
.


..


) ( ) (
.
)
.
. .
.
.
.

14

 /

.
) (
. (

..

.
- :



.
.

.

.
..

...

15

 /


.




.
... ..
.
-7 :


.
..

..

.
-5 :

16

 /

.

...


...


.

.

)( )( .


.
) ( .

.

17

 /
) (
) (.
.


.


.

.
) (
.

...
.


..

18

 /


... . .


.


.


.

-7 :


. ...
.


.
... ... ..
.
19

 /
...
.

.
Tosel, Ao Andre, Civilisation, cultures, conflits, Paris. Ext. Kim, 2001, p 203.


.

) ( . )
( ..


.
.



.

.
Tosel, Andr, p. 205.
20

 /

" ".
Ibiol, 205.


.
.

.


.
.

.
Rockefeller, Steven, Commentary, in, taylor, Charles, Multiculturalism, Paris,
Flammarion, 2005, p116-117.

.

Ibid, 205 .

21

 /



Ibid, p 117 .

.


.
" :

"Ibid, 205 .




.


.

22

 /


{
. } :
{.
}

23