Vic chun b mt b mt tng hon ho trc khi sn l rt quan trng, quyt nh n

s bn chc ca sn tng. Hy kim tra b mt tng cn thn phng trnh cc khim

khuyt thng gp v p dng nhng gii php khc phc theo hng dn:

A Cc li k thut thng xy ra i vi sn nc:

1. Mng sn b r:
Hin tng : Trn b mt mng sn c nhng ht hoc r
Nguyn nhn :
+ Trng hp c ln ht :
Do c ln nhng vy hoc nhng mu sn kh. V cc nguyn nhn sau :
- Sn b kh trn thnh vt cha sn khi thi cng hay do bi bn bn vo .
- Sau khi thi cng ln trc khng ra tht sch dng c thi cng, cc vy sn st li .
- V sinh b mt khng k, li trn b mt nhiu bi (sau khi x nhm lp mastic) .
+Trng hp c l :
- Do pha sn qu long to ra nhiu bt kh. Khi thi cng th bt kh hin din trn
mng sn. Khi kh
v ra to thnh l .
- Nu l sn dung mi sn du -th do x l b mt cn sn khng k .
2. Mng sn b nhn:
Hin tng : Sau khi kh mng sn b nhn nheo, sn si ,khng mt , phng .
Nguyn nhn :
- Con ln (roller) khng thch hp : Con ln c lng qu di s to nn b mt c vn ln,
sn si .
- Sn dy qu hoc sn khng u, ch dy, ch mng lm cho sn khng kh cng lc.
B mt bn ngoi

kh trc, lp bn trong vn cha kp kh nn b mt ngoi b nhn.

- Sn di tri nng gt, lp ngoi b kh qu nhanh ,lp bn trongcha kp kh nn b
mt ngoi b nhn.
- Sn xong gp tri lnh, nhit gim t ngt cng lm cho lp trong kh chm v lp
ngoi kh nhanh.
3. Mu sn khng ng nht :
Hin tng : Khi ch dng mt loi sn mu nhng khng u mu
Nguyn nhn : Do khng khuy u thng sn trc khi ln.
- Th thi cng khng u tay.
- Dng c thi cng khc nhau .
- Dm v khng kho lo.
- Mi ln thi cng, sn c pha long vi t l khc nhau .
4. S phn ha:
Hin tng : B mt mng sn c bt trng (dng phn)
Nguyn nhn : Dng loi sn r tin , t l cht n / cht to mng cao .
- Tia t ngoi v thi tit nh hng xu n mng sn .
- Do pha sn qu long lm gim kt dnh ca sn .
5. Mng sn b phng rp:
Hin tng : Sau khi kh, hnh thnh ti (bng) kh trong mng sn .
Nguyn nhn : Do b mt cn sn thng xuyn b m t
- Do thi cng trn b mt qu m .
- iu kin thi cng khng m bo : nhit thp , thi tit qu m t .
- Thi gian sn cch lp qu ngn .
- i vi sn dung mi : Do nhit qu cao dung mi bay hi nhanh nn mng sn
cha lin kt .
6. Mng sn b bong trc
Hin tng : Sau khi kh , mng sn b bong trc . C hai hin tng :
* Trc ton b lp mng .

* Trc 1 hoc hn 1 lp mng

Nguyn nhn : X l b mt khng tt , cn bi bm hay cc cht lm gim bm
dnh nh du, m, sp
- Thi cng khng ng h thng, khng s dng sn lt
- Do mng sn b phng rp hoc phn ha.
- Dng lp sn h dung mi mnh hn h dung mi ca lp sn trc.
- Thi cng di iu kin s to mng b cn tr nh nhit qu cao hoc qu thp hoc
c nhiu gi
lm cho mng sn bay hi qu nhanh .
7. Mng sn b nt n:
Hin tng : Sau khi kh, mng sn xut hin nhng vt rn, vt nt .
Nguyn nhn : S dng loi sn r tin, cht lng qu thp .
- Pha qu long hoc ln sn qu mng .
- Dng hai lp sn c co dn khc nhau .
- S dng lp mastic khng t cht lng, d b rn, nt .
- Kt cu vt cn sn yu. V d nh mng b ln, tng b x .
8. Mng sn b ru , mc:
Hin tng : Sau khi kh, trn mng sn nhng m, vt mc em , xanh
Nguyn nhn : Do b mt cn sn b m .
- Sn lp sn ln b mt b mc sn m khng qua x l .
- Sn lp sn qu mng hoc ch sn 1 lp, khng lng cht chng mc cn thit
- Dng sn ni tht em sn ngoi tht .
9. Mng sn b mt mu:
Hin tng : Sau khi kh mt thi gian,mng sn b nht mu hoc mt hn mu .
Nguyn nhn : Mng sn b phn hy di tc dng ca tia t ngoi v nhit cao .
- Dng sn ni tht em sn cho ngoi tht .
- B chy do kim ha : do khng dng lp sn lt chng kim .
- Nh sn xut dng mu khng ph hp mc ch s dng .

10. Mng sn b chy kim (kim ha):

Hin tng : Mng sn b mt mu, c nhng m loang .
Nguyn nhn : Do kim ca h, va qu cao tn cng vo lp mng sn, lm suy
yu cht kt dnh, dn n mt mu v xung cp ton b mng sn .
- Do lp h va qu ti hoc lp mastic c kim cao .
- Khng dng lp sn lt chng kim .
11. Mng sn b mui ha:
Hin tng : B mt mng sn c mt lp cht trng nh mui, thng gp nht l sn
mu m .
Nguyn nhn : Do thi cng trn b mt tng mi v m .
- S hnh thnh mui canxi CaCO3 do m v ma ng li trn b mt mng sn .
12. Mng sn b x phng ha:
Hin tng : B mt mng sn b nht v bin mu , thng xy ra sn dung mi .
Nguyn nhn : Do h va mi c kim cao phn ng vi sn
- Do x phng hoc kim ng li trn mng sn mt thi gian di .
13. Mng sn b lch mu:
Hin tng : Khi dm v b lch mu
Nguyn nhn : Do s dng sn khc mu dm v .
- Lp lt khng u hoc khng lt , nn khi dm v ging nh sn lp th hai ln lp
th nht .
- S dng dng c thi cng khc nhau dm v .
- Nhit khi dm v khc vi khi sn cc lp sn trc
- Ngi thi cng c tay ngh km .
- Nh sn xut kim sot mu khng k .
14. Mng sn c ph km:
Hin tng : B mt mng sn khng che ph ht lp nn .
Nguyn nhn : Pha sn qu long .
- S dng loi sn r tin .

- Gia cng khng ng theo quy trnh .

- Tay ngh thi cng thp , ln khng u .
15. Mng sn b chy :
Hin tng : B mt mng sn khng bng phng .
Nguyn nhn : Do v sinh b mt cn sn khng k , cn st li nhiu bi ca lp
mastic .
- Pha sn qu long .
- Tay ngh thi cng km .
Vic chun b mt b mt tng hon ho trc khi sn l rt quan trng, quyt nh n
s bn chc ca sn tng. Hy kim tra b mt tng cn thn phng trnh cc khim
khuyt thng gp v p dng nhng gii php khc phc theo hng dn sau:

lp nn km
lp nn (che ph) km:
- Sn cha lp hoc sn qu mng
- Mu sc lp nn sn v mu sn mi qu khc nhau.
Gii php :
- Pha sn theo ng hng dn trn v thng
- Khuy k trc khi s dng
- Sn thm 1 hoc 1 vi lp na

Bong trc:
- B mt lp sn c nhiu bt, bi hoc tp cht khc lm gim bm dnh ca sn.
- Lp sn sau khng tng thch vi lp sn c. Nc ngm dn dn ti bong trc.
Gii php:
- V sinh k b mt loi b ton b bt bi
- Ngn nga mi ngun nc ngm, r r
- S dng sn lt ph hp, sn li bng sn ph ph hp

Phn ha (bt ha):

- Sn trong nh c em s dng ngoi tri
- Mu sn b lo ha, sn b kim ha (xut hin lp mui pha trn)
- Khng s dng hoc s dng sn lt khng ng
Gii php:
- Ra sch lp bt phn
- S dng sn lt ph hp.

Nm mc:
- B mt cn sn trong mi trng c m cao hoc b mt c sn khi hi m bn
trong cn nhiu
- Do hin tng ngng t hi nc trn b mt
Gii php:
- Dng Sn dit nm mc. Ch sau 1-2 ngy
- Ra sch v sn li 1 lp sn
- S dng sn phi c kh nng chng nm mc cao

Thm nc:
- Do ng nc b nt/v, do ng ni b rhoc b mt tng c m qu cao
- Do hin tng ngng t hi nc trn b mt hoc do nhng li khc trong qu trnh
xy dng
(nt tng, ngm m t nn mng hoc b nc) l nguyn nhn gy ra nhiu s c:
bong trc, nm mc, loang
Gii php:
- B mt sn cn c bo m tht kh ro.
-Cn loi tr mi ngun gy m, nn s dng chng thm trn ximng
- Khi b mt kh hon ton th dng thm 1 lp sn sn lt trong nh hoc ngoi nh
cng tt

Vt c:
- Sn lp sau khi lp u cha kh hon ton
- Sn qu c ( nht qu cao) nn kh thi cng
Gii php:
- Cho lp sn u kh hon ton mi sn lp sau
- Sn nh tay, lin tc theo cng 1 hng
- Pha long sn theo ng hng dn ca nh sn xut.

Nhn mng sn:

- Mng sn qu dy
- Sn trn b mt khi nhit qu cao
- Sn lp sau khi lp u cha kh hon ton
Gii php:
- X b hon ton mng sn b hng
- Sn nhiu lp mng thay v sn 1 lp dy
- Ch sn lp sau khi lp u kh hon ton.
B Cc li k thut thng xy ra i vi lp mastic:
1. Lp mastic b bi phn
Nguyn nhn :
+ Do b mt p dng b qu kh, nc trong hn hp nho b ht ht vo b mt , do
qu trnh ninh kt (chn) ca hn hp khng xy ra nn lp mastic bin thnh bi phn.

+ C th khi pha trn dng lng nc qu thp cng vi vic trn khng u cng
gy ra hin tng trn
+ Cng c th khi pha trn xong thi cng ngay, khng ch cho ha cht pht huy tc
dng
Khc phc : Buc phi co b ht lp mastic ny, lm sch bi bm bng nc v chi c.
Chun b b mt tht k, nu b mt kh qu th nn lm m. Lng nc pha trn cn
theo ng t l l:
nc 1 : bt 3 (trong khong 16 18 lt nc sch cho 1 bao 40 kg) . Trn cho tht k v
ch t nht l t 7 n 10 pht cho ha cht pht huy tc dng, sau khuy li mt ln
na ri mi bt u thi cng
2. Lp mastic b nt chn chim
Nguyn nhn : Do lp mastic ny c trt qu dy, vt qu dy cho php l 3
mm
Khc phc : Co b ht nhng ch nt chn chim. Nu b mt vng m lm su qu,
th nn dng va ximng bi thm cho tng i phng , ri trt lp mastic mi.