15 1433 7 - 2012 - 15993

2009
.
: 3000

""
.



3000


.
30
25 40

 .

.
: 46
2015

.




%27 %9.9 .

""




.


.
""
IDC
idc %65


266
2010


.

46 2015 27 2010


.






.



.




.





.


.




.

- " - " -
" - " - -


" ) (IEEE
" " "
" ) (ASME
" " " - ASME " ABET ASME
"- ASME
" " "
" " " "

""
""
"" ""
) (NSPE "

. 1.
/ .
/

 -
-
.1 ) ( .2
.3
" " "
"
2.


/ /


3.

/

.
.
.1 .2 .3 .4
.5




.

" " - IEEE "
" - ASCE

 )
(

- 3

/
3


F

-
- -
-


/
- / -
-




.
.
.
. .
"
" - NSPE
/
.
.
" .
. . . .
.
. " .




.
- )
- . (
- . 20 .
-
. 50

.
.
2 . .
.
. 5 . .1 .
.2
.3 .
.
.
Y / Y / N Y / N Y / N
Y / N Y / N Y / N Y / N N
Y / N

" "
1972
DC 10 DC 10
DC10
.
MD
346 DC10 1974

"
" MD NSPE
) 131-130 (


" - NSPE 1. "
.

 . -
.2 .3
" " )( "" "
-
-
.4


"


"- NSPE