Political difficulties

During the time of Independence, the war was commanded by the landowners, the
slavers and traders, and once created the republic, continued the fight, this time to
consolidate its dominance. By then, Bolivar was elected president of Gran Colombia and
its policy was aimed at creating a balance between the various castes and Creoles,
seeking to bring the benefits of independence to the popular sectors and thus curb both
Creole ambition as danger black or mixed race possible insurrections. Bolivar's
intentions were sustained by the power that gave the army, that is, on a strong militarism.
This situation sparked a resistance led by Creoles grouped around the General
Santander, including participating merchants and opposed the army and supporters of
civility, it was a political attitude lawyers according to which a people should follow the
guidelines of a "rule of law" governed by a constitution, laws and liberal democracy. This
attitude Santander earned the nickname of "Man of the laws."
Economic difficulties
Bolivar as president of Gran Colombia, Santander commissioned the presidency of the
Gran Colombia to engage in the campaign to liberate the territories as Venezuela, Quito,
Peru and Bolivia, who had not yet attained independence. The military triumphs of the
liberating troops on the Spanish armies were trickling in different confrontations, giving
independence to many American territories: Venezuela, at the Battle of Carabobo
(1821); Quito, at the Battle of Pichincha (1822) and Peru and Upper Peru, now Bolivia,
in the battles of Junin and Ayacucho (1824). Government spending in the battles brought
economic hardship to the Gran Colombia, forcing the government to borrow from
England to revive the economy. For 1826, debts with British lenders had risen while
much of the country's budget should be invested in making these payments. Of course
to them it was necessary to stop investing in agriculture and mining, producing nearly
abandonment. During the years of the Gran Colombia, trade was hurt because transport
costs to bring agricultural and textile products were very high. These difficulties, rapid
deterioration of agricultural products added during their transportation from one city to
another, because as the roads were extremely difficult and mountainous, the travel was
long and not enough goods to arrive in good condition.