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Truyen Dong Thuy Luc
Truyen Dong Thuy Luc
Trnh B Trung
Chng 4
Khi nim v truyn ng thy ng
4.1 Khi nim chung v truyn ng thu lc th tch
Truyn ng thy lc thy ng l mt th loi (phng thc) truyn ng m trong
cc thit b ch yu tham gia trong h truyn ng ny l cc my thy lc cnh dn v
mt s phn t thy lc ph tr khc. Cc my thy lc cnh dn thng thng c mt
thc hin nhim v truyn ng (truyn ti, bin i nng lng) trong h truyn ng thy
lc cnh dn l bm cnh dn (thng l bm ly tm), ng c thy lc cnh dn (tua bin
thy lc). Ngoi ra, trong h thng truyn ng thy lc cnh dn cn c cc phn t thy lc
ph khc lm nhim v iu khin, iu chnh, bo v...
Trong thc t, h thng truyn ng thy lc cnh dn c gi tt l truyn ng
thy ng. Nh vy, n gin trong cch gi v nh ngha, chng ta c th hiu rng:
Truyn ng thy ng l mt t hp thit b gm c hai my thy lc cnh dn, l bm ly
tm v tua bin thy lc.
Loi truyn ng ny ra i t u th k 20, xut pht t vic tm phng php
truyn cng sut ln vi s vng quay kh ln t cc ng c diezel ti chn vt tu thy.
Ngy nay, h truyn ng ny c nghin cu m rng v p dng nhiu trong cc ngnh
ch to my, -t, xe tng, tu ha...
Chn
vt
ng c
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
4.1.2. u im:
1. D thc hin vic iu chnh v cp v t ng iu chnh vn tc chuyn ng ca b
phn lm vic trong cc my, ngay c khi my ang lm vic;
2. Truyn c cng sut lm vic ln;
3. Cho php o chiu chuyn ng b phn lm vic ca my d dng;
4. C th m bo cho thit b lm vic n nh, khng ph thuc vo s thay i ca ti
trng ngoi;
5. Kt cu gn, c qun tnh nh do trng lng trn mt n v cng sut truyn ng ln.
iu ny rt c ngha trong h thng t ng;
6. Do cht lng cng tc trong h thng truyn ng l du khong nn iu kin bi trn
v t bo v khi b r rt tt;
7. Truyn ng m, gy ting n thp;
8. C th phng s c khi my qu ti.
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
nT
1,0
nB
(4.2)
Tc l nT < nB. Do , khi truyn cng sut qua khp ni thu lc, s vng quay ca
trc b dn lun lun nh hn s vng quay ca trc dn.
Hiu s gia s vng quay cc bnh bm v tua bin ca khp ni thu lc chia cho s
vng quay ca bnh bm c gi l h s trt ca khp ni thu lc, k hiu l s.
nB nT
n
1 T 1 i
nB
nB
(4.3)
NT M T nT
n
T suy ra: T i
.
N B M B nB
nB
(4.4)
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
QH B
B P
(4.5)
01/6/2007
(4.6)
(4.7)
Trnh B Trung
NT
(4.8)
NB
Phng trnh mmen ca khp ni:
Trong trng hp tn tht thu lc trong khp ni bng 0 th mmen ca bnh bm
chnh l mmen ng lng ca khi lng cht lng qua bm hay qua tua bin:
Mmen i vi bnh bm:
1
(4.9)
M B Q (c2u D2 c1u D1 )
2
V mmen ca bnh tua bin l:
1
(4.10)
M T Q (c1u D1 c2u D2 )
2
Trong :
- t khi ca cng cht
C1u - tc phn t cht lng ti ca vo chiu trn phng tip tuyn
(phng u) vi ng trn ti ca vo ca bnh cng tc;
C2u - tc phn t cht lng ti ca ra chiu trn phng tip tuyn
(phng u) vi ng trn ti ca ra ca bnh cng tc;
D1 - ng knh bnh cng tc ca vo;
D2 - ng knh bnh cng tc ca ra;
Q - Lu lng cng cht qua khp ni.
mi ch lm vic n nh, phng trnh cn bng nng lng trong khp ni
c biu din nh sau:
NB = NT + NW
(4.11)
Trong
NB = QHB
NT = QHT
NW - Cng sut tn tht qua khp ni;
Q - Lu lng cng cht ca khp ni;
HB - Ct p ca bnh bm;
HT - Ct p ca bnh tua bin.
100%
NB
M
NT
nT(v/ph)
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
0.1
=const
nB=100%
0.9
nT(vg/ph)
Hnh 4.4: c tnh tng hp khp ni thu lc
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
- Cng cht dng cho khp ni c nht cng thp cng tt, song khng v th m
ngi ta dng nc. Bi v nc tuy c nht thp, nhng bi trn km v d gy r cc chi
tit ca khp ni. Chnh v th m du khong l cng cht c u tin s dng cho khp
ni thu lc.
- Cng cht lng trong khp ni chnh l nhn t truyn nng lng t trc dn sang
trc b dn. Cng cht cng in y trong khp ni th hiu sut truyn ng cng cao. Khi
cng cht c tho ht ra khi khp ni th vic truyn cng sut hon ton khng cn tc
dng. Nh vo tnh cht ny m mun ct truyn ng khp ni (tc l LY) bng cch tho
ton b cng cht ra khi khp ni v mun ni truyn ng (tc l hp) bng cch np
cng cht y tr li cho n. Trong thc t, ngi ta thit k ch to van thot cht lng sao
cho c th iu khin c (c th bng tay hoc iu khin t xa), nh vy l vic ly hay
hp ca khp ni s c thc hin.
- Trong qu trnh lm vic ca khp ni, mt phn cng sut truyn t trc dn sang
trc b dn b mt i do tn tht ma st, tn tht thu lc. Chnh nhng tn tht ny bin sang
dng nhit v lm cho du thu lc (cng cht) nng ln. Nh vy, ngi ta phi lm mt du
thu lc . Vic lm mt c thc hin bng cch a mt phn cng cht ra khi khp
ni ngay trong khi khp ni lm vic lm mt sau li a quay tr li. Nu khp ni
khng c lm mt tt th s lm vic ca n khng n nh v c th gy hng mt s chi
tit nh b lm kn bng cao su do v qu nng. Li dng lc ly tm dn cng cht ra mt
cch thun tin, cc nh ch to thit k ng ra pha ngoi xa tm quay ca khp ni
v np cng cht vo bng ng dn gn tm quay ca khp ni.
4.3 Bin tc thu lc
4
6
5
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
MB = MBD5n2B
MT = MTD5n2B
(4.13)
(4.14)
(4.15)
K T MT
M B MB
T s truyn i: c trng cho kh nng bin i vn tc quay ca trc b dn so vi
trc dn ca bin tc thu lc
n
(4.16)
i T
nB
01/6/2007
Trnh B Trung
Khc vi khp ni thu lc, bin tc thu lc cht lng lun lun c cha y
trong bung lm vic. Hn na cht lng np vo cn c p sut d v bin tc ch c th lm
vic n nh khi hon ton khng c hin tng xm thc. Hin tng ny d xy ra do vn
tc quay ca bnh cng tc ln v nhit cht lng lm vic cao, nht l li vo cc mng
dn ca bnh bm.
M
MT
400
0,8
0,6
200
0,4
MB
0,2
0
600
1200
nT
01/6/2007