Gii t trong ting Anh xut hin hu ht cc cu ni ting Anh, bt k l

ting Anh giao tip hay hc thut.

Cng Trung tm Anh ng Oxford English UK Vietnam tm hiu v gii t hc
ting Anh tt hn:
1.nh ngha v gii t
Gii t (Preposition) l t loi ch s lin quan gia cc t loi trong cm t, trong
cu. Nhng t thng i sau gii t l tn ng (Object), Verb + ing, Cm danh
t ...

V d:

I went into the room.

I was sitting in the room at that time.
Ta thy r, v d a., "the room" l tn ng ca gii t "into". v d b., "the room" l
tn ng ca gii t "in".
Ch : Cc bn phi lun phn bit trng t (adverb) v gii t, v thng khi mt t
c hai chc nng (va l trng t v gii t). iu khc nhau c bn l Trng t th
khng c tn ng theo sau.
2.Cch s dng gii t trong ting Anh:

Trong ting Anh, ngi ta khng th t ra cc quy lut v cc php dng gii t mang
tnh c nh cho mi gii t - cng mt gii t, khi i vi t loi khc nhau th to ra
ngha khc nhau. Vy chng ta nn hc thuc mi khi gp phi v hc ngay t lc ban
u.
3. V tr ca gii t trong ting anh

Sau TO BE, trc danh t:

+ THE BOOK IS ON THE TABLE. = Quyn sch trn

bn.
+ I WILL STUDY IN AUSTRALIA FOR 2 YEARS. = Ti s
hc c trong 2 nm.

+ I LIVE IN HO CHI MINH CITY = Ti sng thnh ph

H Ch Minh.
Sau ng t: C th lin sau ng
+TAKE OFF YOUR HAT! Ci nn ca bn ra!
t, c th b 1 t khc chen gia
+ I HAVE AN AIR-CONDITIONER, BUT I ONLY TURN
ng t v gii t.
IT ON IN SUMMER. = Ti c my lnh, nhng ti ch bt
n ln vo ma h.
Sau tnh t:

+ I'M NOT WORRIED ABOUT LIVING IN A FOREIGN

COUNTRY. = Ti khng lo lng v vic sng nc ngoi.

+ HE IS NOT ANGRY WITH YOU. = Anh y khng gin

bn.

4.Mt s sai lm thng gp khi s dng gii t trong ting anh

1)Suy lun t cch dng gp

trc :

V d :
Trc ta gp : worry about : lo lng v
Ln sau gp ch : disscuss _____ ( tho lun v ) th l ta
suy ra t cu trn m in about vo, th l sai.

2)Khng nhn ra l gii t thay

i v thy cng mt danh t:

V d:
Trc ta gp : in the morning
Th l khi gp : ___ a cold winter morning, thy morning
nn chn ngay in => sai ( ng ra phi dng on )

3)B ting Vit nh hng :

Ting Vit ni: lch s vi ai nn khi gp : polite (lch s )

lin dng ngay with ( vi ) => sai ( ng ra phi dng to )

5.Hnh thc ca gii t trong ting anh - hc ting anh

1)Gii t n ( simple
prepositions ):

L gii t c mt ch : in, at, on, for, from, to, under, over, with

2)Gii t i
( doubleprepositions ):

L gii t c to ra bng cch hp 2 gii t n li :Into, onto,

upon, without, within, underneath, throughout, from among
-Ex: The boy runs into the room ( thng b chy vo trong
phng )
-Ex: He fell onto the road ( anh ta t xung ng )
-Ex: I chose her from among the girls ( ti chn c y t trong s
cc c gi )

3) Gii t kp ( compound
prepositions ):

L gii t c to thnh bng tip u ng a hoc be: About,

among, across , amidst, above, against, Before, behind, beside,
beyond, beneath, between, below

4) Gii t do phn t
( participle prepositions ):

According to ( ty theo), during ( trong khong ), owing to ( do

), pending ( trong khi) , saving = save = except ( ngoi tr ),
notwithstanding ( mc d ) , past ( hn, qua ) considering ( xt
theo ) concerning/ regarding /touching ( v vn , v ), excepting
= except ( ngoi tr )

-Ex: She is very intelligent, considering her age. ( xt theo tui th

c y rt thng minh )
-Because of ( bi v )
-By means of ( do, bng cch)
-In spite of (mc d)
-In opposition to ( i nghch vi )
-On account of ( bi v )
-In the place of ( thay v )
-In the event of ( nu m )
_Ex: In the event of my not coming, you can come home.( nu
m ti khng n th anh c v)
-With a view to ( vi nh )

5) Cm t c dng nh
gii t: Gii t loi ny bao
gm c mt cm t :

_Ex: I learn English with the view of going abroad.( ti hc TA

vi nh i nc ngoi)
-For the shake of ( v )
_Ex: I write this lesson for the shake of your progress. ( ti vit
bi ny v s tin b ca cc bn)
-On behalf of ( thay mt cho)
_Ex: On behalf of the students in the class, I wish you good
health ( thay mt cho tt c hc sinh ca lp, em xin chc c c
di do sc khe)
-In view of ( xt v )
_Ex: In view of age, I am not very old. ( xt v mt tui tc, ti
cha gi lm )
-With reference to ( v vn , lin h ti)
_Ex: I send this book to you with reference to my study.( ti a
bn quyn sch ny c lin h n vic hc ca ti. )

6) Gii t tr hnh: y l
nhm gii t c n trong
hnh thc khc:

At 7 o'clock ( o' = of ): Lc 7 gi

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Mt s gii t thng gp
phn 1, chng ta hiu c mt s kin thc v gii t. Trong qu trnh hc ting
Anh, cc bn s gp mt s cc gii t sau:

1) Gii t ch thi
gian:

(Preposition for
time)

-At : vo lc ( thng i vi gi )
-On : vo ( thng i vi ngy )
-In : vo ( thng i vi thng, nm, ma, th k )
-Before: trc
-After : sau
-During : ( trong khong) ( i vi danh t ch thi gian )

-At : ti ( dng cho ni chn nh nh trng hc, sn bay...)

2) Gii t ch ni
chn:

(Preposition for
Places)

3) Gii t ch s
chuyn dch:

(Preposition for
move)

4) Gii t ch th
cch:

(Preposition for
manner)

5) Gii t ch mc
ch:

(Preposition for

-In : trong (ch bn trong ) , (ni chn ln thnh ph, tnh ,quc gia,
chu lc...)
-On,above,over : trn
_On : trn nhng ch tip xc b mt.
-To, into, onto : dn
+to: ch hng tip cn ti ngi,vt,a im.
+into: tip cn v vo bn trong vt,a im
+onto: tip cn v tip xc b mt, pha ngoi cng ca vt,a im
-From: ch ngun gc xut x Ex: i come from vietnamese
-Across : ngang qua Ex: He swims across the river. ( anh ta bi ngang
qua sng)
-Along : dc theo
-Round,around,about: quanh

-With : vi
-Without : khng, khng c
-According to: theo
-In spite of : mc d
-Instead of : thay v

-To :
-In order to :
-For : dm, dm cho
-Ex: Let me do it for you : ti lm n dm cho bn.
-So as to:

purposes)

6) Gii t ch nguyn
do:

(Preposition for
reasons)

-Thanks to : nh
-Ex: Thanks to your help, I passed the exam ( nh s gip ca bn
m ti thi u).
-Through : do, v
-Ex: Don't die through ignorance ( ng cht v thiu hiu bit).
-Because of : bi v
-Owing to : nh , do
-Ex: Owing to the drought,crops are short ( v hn hn nn ma mng
tht bt)
-By means of : nh, bng phng tin

ngha ca mt s gii t:

1/about:

Xung quanh : Ex: I looked about her :ti nhn xung quanh c y
Khp ni, quanh qun : Ex: He walked about the yard. hn i quanh sn.

Khong chng Ex: It is about 3 km : khong 3km

V Ex: What do you think about that? bn ngh g v iu ?

2/Against:

Chng li, tri vi Ex: struggle against ... u tranh chng li

ng phi Ex: He ran against the trunk :hn chy ng vo gc cy.

Da vo Ex: I placed her her against the trunk :Ti c y da vo gc cy.

So vi :Ex: The class now has 50 students against 40 last years : lp c 50 hc

sinh so vi 40 hc sinh nm ngoi.

Chun b, d tr Ex: I saved $2,000 against my study next year : ti dnh

2.000 chun b cho vic hc nm sau.
3/At

Ti ( ni chn ) Ex: The teacher is at the desk: c gio ang ti bn lm vic.

Lc ( thi gian) Ex: I get up at 6.00 : ti thc dy lc 6 gi

Thnh ng ch trng thi: Ex: -At work : ang lm vic

At play : ang chi

At oen's prayers : ang cu nguyn

At ease : thoi mi

At war : ang c chin tranh

At peace : ang ha bnh

Thnh ng ch chiu hng Ex: -Rush at sb : lao v pha ai

Point at : ch vo Ex: The teacher pointed at me : c gio ch vo ti.

Thnh ng ch s lng Ex: I estimated the class at 50 : ti lp hc chng 50

ngi.
4/BY:

K bn, cnh Ex: I sat by her : ti ngi cnh c y

Trc Ex: You must come here by ten o'clock : bn phi n y trc 10gi.

Ngang qua Ex: She passed by my house : c y i ngang qua nh ti.

Bi Ex:The cake was made by me : ci bnh c lm bi ti.

ch Ex: I took her by the hand. ti nm tay c y

Theo Ex: Don't judge people by their appearances : ng xt ngi theo b

ngoi.

Ch s o lng Ex: They sell beer by the litter : h bn bia tnh theo lt.
Mt s thnh ng:

Little by little : dn dn
day by day : ngy qua ngy

Two by two : tng 2 ci mt

by mistake : do nhm ln.

Learn by heart : hc thuc lng.

5/FOR

V , cho : I bring something for you : ti mang vi th cho anh

ch thi gian: I have lived here for 2 years : ti sng y c 2 nm

Ch nguyn do: I was punished for being lazy : ti b pht v li

Ch chiu hng : She left for Hanoi : c y i HN

Ch s trao i : I paid $3 for that book : ti tr 3 mua quyn sch

6/FROM

T (mt ni no ): I went from home ( ti t nh n y)

Ch ngun gc : I am from Hanoi ( ti t HN n)

T + thi gian : From Monday to Saturday ( t th hai n th by)

Ch s khc bit : I am different from you ( ti khc vi bn)

Ch nguyn nhn: Ex: -I suffer from headaches : ( ti b nhc u)

7/IN
Ch ni chn:

Ch thi gian:
Bui : In the moning

T thng tr ln: in May , in spring, in 2008, in the 19th century.

Ch trng thi

Be in debt : mc n
Be in good health : c sc khe

Be in danger : b nguy him

Be in bad health : hay au yu

Be in good mood : ang vui v

Be in tears : ang khc

Mt s thnh ng khc

-In such case :trong trng hp nh th

-In short, in brief : tm li

-In fact : tht vy

-In other words : ni cch khc

-In one word : ni tm li

-In all: tng cng

-In general : ni chung

-In particular : ni ring

Bi tp v gii t trong ting anh

I. Chn MT trong HAI gii t trong ngoc in vo ch trng trong mi
cu.
1. Tell us something ________ your holiday. (about/ on)
2. I sometimes wonder ________ my old friend, where she is now and what she's doing.
(form/ about)
3. The glass is full _____ water. (of/ with)
4. They congratulated the speaker _____ his speech. (on/ with)
5. He seemed very bored ______ life. (of/ with)
6. I don't get on very well ____ him. (to/ with)
II. Chn MT trong BA gii t trong ngoc in vo ch trng trong mi
cu.
1. I won't see you______ Friday. (till/ for/ in)
2. You must clean this table _____ ink spots. (out of/ of/ from)
3. He is just getting _______ his severe illness. (out of/ out/ over)
4. My house is just ______ the street. (on/ across/ beside)
5. My mother is a true friend ______me. (for/ to/ with)
6. Aren't you glad that you went to the party with us_______all? (after/ in/ with)
III. Chn MT trong BN gii t trong ngoc in vo ch trng trong mi
cu.
1. He made a speech______ this subject. (on/ at/ in/ from)

2. He complained ______ the children ______ the mess they've made. (of-about/ about-to/
to-about/ about-of)
3. Turn this passage from English_______ Spanish. (with/ about/ to/ into)
4. I'm not very good ______ making decisions. (on/ at/ for/ in)
5. I will stay in London_____ about three weeks. (for/ during/ since/ at)
6. She reminds me_______ my mother. (with/ to/ by/ of)
IV. in vo mi ch trng mt gii t ng.
1. The boat moved slowly _______ the coast.
2. She spends a lot _______ time _____ her English.
3. I'm going______ the shop to buy some milk.
4. "Where's Tom?" - "He's ______ the kitchen making some coffee."
5. Shelly sat here _______ me.
6. The train will leave ______ five minutes.
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