Gia s Khuyn hc

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Chuyn 1: TNH N IU CA HM S
VN 1: XT CHIU BIN THIN CA HM S
Quy tc:
1. Tm TX ca hm s.
2. Tnh o hm f(x). Tm cc im xi m ti o hm bng 0 hoc khng xc nh.
3. Sp xp cc im xi theo th t tng dn v lp BBT.
4. Nu kt lun v cc khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s.
Bi 1. Xt chiu bin thin cc hm s sau:
a) y 2x + 3x + 1
3

b) y = x 2x 3
4

3x 2
c) y
x 1

Bi 2. Xt tnh n iu ca cc hm s sau:
x2
y
y x4 2 x3 2 x 1
x2
a.
b.
x
y 2
y x ( x 1) ( x 0)
x 1
d.
e.
x 2 3x 2
3 2x
y 2
y
x7
2x x 1
g.
h.
16
y 16 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 4
y x4 8 x2 5
3
k.
l.
2
x 2x 3
x 2 5x 3
y
y
x 1
x2
n.
o.
1
7
y x 4 x3 x 5
y 9 x 7 7 x 6 x 5 12
2
6
q.
r.
3x
y 2
y x2 2 x 3
x 1
t.
u.
2
x 8x 9
1
y
y 2 x
x 1
x5
y.
z.
y x 2x 3

y 4 x

x 2 2x + 3
d) y
x 1

x2 x 2
y
2 x

c.

f.

1
x 4x 3
2

y 2 x 4 x 2 1
i.
y

m.

2x
x 9
2

y 25 x 2
p.
y

x 1
3 x

x2 2 x 3
x 1

2 x 2 3x
2x 1

s.

x.

w.

y 2x x2

Bi 3. Xt tnh n iu ca cc hm s sau:
a) y

25 x 2

b) y

x
16 x

c) y

x3
x 6
2

d) y

x
x 100

Bi 4. Chng minh rng:

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Chuyn Ton 12 - LTH

Gia s Khuyn hc

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y x 1 x

1;

a. Hm s

ng bin trn khong

y x 2 x 20
b. Hm s
nghch bin trn khong
Bi 5. Xt s ng bin, nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

v nghch bin trn khong

; 4

1
;1

v ng bin trn khong

5;

5
;
6 6

a) y x sin x, x 0;2

b) y x 2cos x, x

Bi 6. Chng minh rng:

a.

f x cos 2x 2x 3
f x x cos 2 x

nghch bin trn R.

b.

ng bin trn R.
VN 2: TM THAM S HM S N IU TRN MIN K
2.1. Tm m hm s n iu trn tp xc nh ca chng
Phng php: S dng cc kin thc sau y:
1. Cho hm s y = f(x) c o hm trn K.

f '(x) 0, x K

Nu

f '(x) 0, x K

Nu

th f(x) ng bin trn K.

th f(x) nghch bin trn K.

2. Cho tam thc bc hai f(x) = ax2 + bx + c c bit thc

b 2 4ac

a0
0

. Ta c:

f (x) 0, x R

a0
0

f (x) 0, x R

HM A THC
y x 3( m 1) x 3m( m 2) x 1
1. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s
a. ng bin trn R
b. Nghch bin trn R
Li gii:
+ TX: D = R.
y ' 3 x 2 6(m 1) x 3m(m 2)
+
y ' 0, x
a. Hm s ng bin trn R khi
3

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Chuyn Ton 12 - LTH

Gia s Khuyn hc

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a 30
' 6m 9 0

3
2
y ' 0, x

b. Hm s nghch bin trn R khi

a 30

(v nghiem)
' 6m 9 0
Vy: Khng c gi tr no hm s nghch bin trn R
m

y x 2 (m x) m
2. Cho hm s

7
3

. Tm m hm s nghch bin trn R (

)
y x 2 x (m 1) x m 3
0m3
3. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R (
)
y x 3 3mx 2 3(2m 1) x 1
4. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R (m = 1)
1
y x 3 ( m 1) x 2 ( m 3) x 4
3
5. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s lun lun gim (khng c)
3
2
y x mx 3 x 1
3 m 3
6. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s lun ng bin (
)
1 3
y x ( m 1) x 2 2( m 1) x 2
1 m 3
3
7. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s lun tng trn R (
)
1 3 1
3
y x (sin m cos m) x 2 x sin 2m
3
2
4
8. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R
3
2
y x mx 2 x 1
6 m 6
9. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R (
)
3
2
y mx (2m 1) x ( m 2) x 2
10. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s lun ng bin (khng)
3

m0

HD: xt 2 trng hp i vi h s a: m=0;

m 1 3
y
x mx 2 (3m 2) x
m2
3
11. Tm m hm s
lun ng bin (
)
1 3
y mx mx 2 x
3
12. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s cho lun nghch bin (m = 0)
2
3
y ( m 5m) x 6mx 2 6 x 6
0m5
13. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R (
)
1
y m2 2m x3 mx 2 2 x 1
3
14. Cho hm s
. Xc nh m hm s sau ng bin trn R

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Chuyn Ton 12 - LTH

Gia s Khuyn hc

15. Cho hm s

16. Cho hm s

17. Cho hm s

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1
1
y mx3 ( m 1) x 2 3( m 2) x
3
3
1
y ( m 3) x3 2 x 2 mx
3

. Xc nh gi tr m hm s nghch bin trn R

. Tm m hm s: ng bin trn R; nghch bin trn R

1
y ( m2 1) x3 ( m 1) x 2 3 x 5
3

. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R
m2 3
y
x (m 2) x 2 (m 8) x m 2 1
3
18. Cho hm s
. Tm m d th hm s nghch bin trn R
HM PHN THC HU T
mx 2
y
xm3
1. Tm m hm s
lun ng bin
Li gii:
D R \ 3 m
+ TX:
m 2 3m 2
y'
( x m 3) 2
+
y ' 0, x 3 m
+ Hm s lun ng bin khi
m 2 3m 2 0
m 1 m 2

x 2 m2 x m 2
y
x 1

2. Cho hm s
D R \ 1
+ TX:
x 2 2 x m2 m 2
y'
( x 1) 2
+

. Tm m hm s ng bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n

y ' 0, x 1

+ Hm s ng bin trn tp xc nh khi

x 2 2 x m 2 m 2 0, x 1
a 1 0

m2 m 3 0
(1)2 2(1) m 2 m 2 0

1 13
1 13
m
2
2

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Chuyn Ton 12 - LTH

Gia s Khuyn hc
y

3. Cho hm s

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x
xm

. Xc nh m hm s lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh

mx (m 2) x m 2 2m 2
y
x 1
4. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh ca n
2
(m 1) x 2mx (m 3 m 2 2)
y
xm
5. Cho hm s
. Tm m hm s ng bin trn R
2

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Chuyn Ton 12 - LTH