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Alexandria
Alexandria was founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town in 331 BC by Alexander the
Great. It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization. Alexandria was the
second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome.

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2. Heliopolis
Heliopolis was one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt. It was originally an Egyptian city
named Lunu, (Place of Pillars). When the Greeks invaded later, they renamed the city
Heliopolis.
3. Cairo
It was founded in 969 AD by Jawhar al-Siqilli. Despite common belief, Cairo was never the
capital of Ancient Egypt. The Egyptian name for Cairo, Khere-Ohe, means: "The Place of
Combat," in reference to a battle which took place between the gods Seth and Horus.

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4. Memphis
The city was founded by the pharaoh Menes, and was the capital of Egypt during the Old
Kingdom. It is believed that the protector of the city was Ptah, gods of crafts and craftsmen.
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5. The Nile River

Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient
times. Almost every single city was situated on the banks of the Nile.
6. Thebes
Known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper
Egyptian nome. It was the wealthiest city in Egypt at its time.

Lower Nubia

7.Libyan Desert
The Libyan Desert covers eastern Libya, western Egypt, and northwestern Sudan. Like
most of the Sahara, this desert is primarily sand and hamada or stony plain.
8. Arabian Desert
At its center is the Rub'al-Khali, one of the largest bodies of sand in the world.
Gazelles,oryx and sand cats,are just some of the desert-adapted animals that survive in this
extreme environment, which features everything from red dunes to deadly quicksand.

Upper Nubia

9. Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river located in what is today northern Sudan and southern
Egypt. It was one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Northeastern Africa, with a history
that can be traced from at least 2000 B.C, and was home to one of the African empires.