Bo him nhn th nhm (BHNTN)

BHNTN l loi bo him c th cung cp cho mt s c nhn di 1 hp ng

c gi l master policy, thng khng cn yu cu chng nhn kim tra th
cht c nhn, BHNTN thng c pht hnh n ch lao ng v cc nhm
(closely kits). C nhn cc thnh vin ca nhm s c giy chng nhn nh l
bng chng cho bo him, nhng hp ng l gia ch lao ng v cng ty bo
him. Chng trnh BHNTN c ti tr bi ch lao ng c th l gp phn hoc
khng gp phn. Theo kiu gp phn, kiu ny ph bin hn, ch lao ng v
ngi lao ng chia s chi ph ca bo him. Theo kiu khng gp phn, ch lao
ng tr ton b chi ph.
hu ht cc bang, cc nhm m BHNTN c th pht hnh c xc nh m t
bi lut BHNTN NAIC, bao gm:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Nhn vin hin ti v ngh hu ca 1 ch lao ng

Nhiu nhm ch lao ng
Cc thnh vin ca lin on lao ng
Con n ca chung nh tn dng
Cc thnh vin ca hip hi m c hnh thnh cho nhng mc ch khc
c bo him, cung cp cho cc hip hi c t nht 100 thnh vin v
tn ti t nht 2 nm
6. Thnh vin ca nhng lin on tn dng.
Ngoi nhng nhm tiu chun trn c xav1 nh theo lut NAIC, lut php
mt vi bang cho php bt k nhm no c tn thnh bi y vin, thng
c cp nh l discretionary groups. Cc yu cu cho 6 nhm u tin c
xc nh trong lut v khng yu cu s cho php c bit no s hu bo
him bi cc nhm . Discretionary groups i hi s tn thnh c bit bi y
vin( commissioner) bo him, s ch cp nu bo him xut p ng nhng
cuc kim tra c ra trong lut. Ni chung, theo lut php bang y vin s
tn thnh cc nhm nh vy nu k hoa85ch p ng 3 iu kin. u tin, pht
hnh BHNHN s khng i ngc vi li ch cng ng. Th hai, pht hnh BHNTN
s l kt qu trong. Cui cng li ch ca BHNTN se4phai3 ph hp
c tnh c bn ca BHNTN l underwriting( dng m t qu trnh nh gi ri
ro ca khch hang, xc nh c cung cp bo him hay khng, ph bo him, s
lng bo him) nhm thay cho underwriting c nhn. iu ny c ngha l
khng kim cht th cht hoc cc phng php underwriting c nhn khc p
dng cho cc c nhn lao ng. Vn chnh cho cc cng ty bo him l phi
gi cho adverse selection (la chn bt li) mc ti thiu, v nhiu tnh nng
ca BHNTN c ngun gc t yu cu ny. V d, khi ph bo him c tr hon
ton bi ch lao ng, 100% ngi lao ng iu kin s phi tham gia, khi
ph bo him c tr l gp phn, vi ph bo him c tr cng nhau bi ch
lao ng v ngi lao ng, khng t hn 75% ngi lao ng iu kin s
phi tham gia. Hn na, s lng bo him mi ngi tham gia s c quyt
nh bi mt s k hoc m s loi tr la chn c nhn. Trong hu ht trng
hp, s tin bo him ca tt c ngi lao ng ngang nhau, hoc c quyt
nh theo phn tram hoc multiple of the individual salary. N cn hiu r rng
nu BHNTN c cung cp m khng bt k yu cu ti thiu s hay phn tram
ngi lao ng v nu nhn vin c th la chn tham gia hoc khng , mt con
s mt cn i cc c nhn sc kha suy gim s xu hng nhn s tin ln
trong khi nhng ngi sc khe tt s chn ch s tin nh. BHNTN i vo

thc tin, cc bin php bo v s c cung cp ngn chn v gim thiu

cc yu t ca la chn bt li.
Chi ph BHNTN tng i r, l do kh n gin. Th nht, hu ht BHNTN c
cung cp l bo him c k hn ti to hang nm., n cung cp chi ph thp
nht. i vi bo him do ch lao ng ti tr, dng ngi mua bo him thng
qua nhm c duy tr tui trung bnh n nh nh l nhn vin ln tui ngh
hu, cht, hoc ri khi cng ty v v tr ca h c nhn bi cng nhn tr tui.
Ngoia2 ra, chi ph ca kim tra y t v cc phng php xc nh
insurability khc phn ln c loi b. Th ba, BHNTN c bn hang lot v
qun l hang lot, vi kt qu ny chi ph mi bo him nhn th di hp ng
nhm s t hn di hp ng c nhn. Cui cng, khi BHNTN l mt phn ca
khon bi thng ngi lao ng, y c li th v thu gim hn na chi ph.
Di lut thu lin bang hin hnh, ch lao ng c th khu hao nh l chi ph
kinh doanh khon ph ca BHNTN ln n 50.000$ mi nhn vin, v s tin
c tr bi ch lao ng cho bo him ny khng b tnh thu nh thu nhp. C
ngha l nhn vin s c th nhn s tin nhiu hn s tin c tr bi ch lao
ng cho bo him c s tin tng ng ca bo him nhn th c nhn.
Phm vi bo him di hp ng BHNTN l rt t do. y khng c nhng loi
tr v bo him tr cho ngi cht bt k nguyn nhn bao gm t st m khng
hn ch v thi gian. Ngoi ra hu ht hp ng bao gm quy nh chuyn i,
m di quy nh ngi lao ng c bo him c th 31 ngy sau chm dt
lm vic chuyn tt c hoc mt phn ca bo him n bt k hnh thc bo
him c nhn hin ti c cung cp bi cng ty bo him , ngoi tr bo him
k hn. Vic chuyn i s khng c t chi bi cng ty bo him bi v
uninsurability ca cng nhn.
Mc d tng nhm ban u l thay th tip th v underwriting nhm cho tip
th v underwriting c nhn, underwriting nhm thay i mt cht k t ban
u ca BHNTN. Di lut BHNTN u tin, nh ngha ca t nhm cho mc ch
bo him l b hn ch, yu cu ti thiu s thnh vin thng l 50 hoc 100.
Theo thi gian, yu cu lin quan n s ti thiu c nhn trong mt nhm
gim v vi vic suy gim s lng, tnh cht ca underwriting nhm thay i.
Khi s ti thiu thnh vin c yu cu cho bo him nhm gim, nh bo him
gii thiu cc yu t underwriting c nhn cho cc nhm nh. Mc d
underwriting nhm vn c dng cho cc nhm ln, lut php bang thng cho
php nh bo him c quyn yu cu cc bng chng v insurability c nhn
trong nhm. Liu nh bo him s yu cu bng chng insurability c nhn cho
bo him nhm ph thuc vo quy m v tnh cht ca nhm.
BHNTN tr thnh mt nhnh quan trng ca BHNT hm nay, chim 45% ca
tt c bo him c hiu lc trong nm 2005. i vi nhiu c nhn nhng ngi
khng c kh nng mua bo him di bo him nhn th c nhn, n cung cp
phng tin duy nht cho t c bo him. i vi nhng ngi khc, BHNTN
chi ph thp l thay th tuyt vi cho chng trnh BHNTCN.
Credit life insurance
Credit Life Insurance c bn thng qua cc t chc cho vay n ngi i vay
ngn hn d tnh ma sm tiu dng v thng qua. N cng bao g

Nh cung cp chnh ca CLI v cc nh cho vay nhng ngi thng tham gia
nh l nh cung cp hng li ca bo him ny bao gm cc ngn hang thng
mi, cng ty ti chnh bn hng, lin on tn dng, cng ty ti chnh c nhn v
cc nh bn l bn hang ha v dch v theo mua bn chu hoc tr gp. Hn
250 cng ty bo him, c stock v mutual, cung cp CLI. Mt s cng ty chuyn
v CLI, do cc nh bo him khc CLI ch chim t l nh trong tng kinh
doanh ca h. . N i din ch mt phn nh . Bo him c bn cho c nhn
v nhm. Trc y, ngi i vay nhn hp ng c nhn. Sau ny, master policy
c pht hnh n t chc cho vay v nhng ngi i vay c nhn giy
chng nhn nu r bo him ca h. Xp x 85% CLI c hiu lc l vn bn trn
c s nhm.
Mc d credit life insurance ln u tin c gii thiu vo nm 1917, tng
trng ca n l khim tn cho n cui th chin. K t , n tng trng
nhanh chng, song song vi s gia tng n ca ngi tiu dng. T 365 triu
bo him vo 1945, n gia tng gn 166 t , hoc gn 0.9% tng bo him
nhn th c hiu lc vo nm 2005. Bng chng hn cho tng trng ng k l
ch gn 7% tt c tn dng tiu dng cha thanh ton(outstanding) c bo v
vi credit life insurance vo nm 1945 nhng vo nm 2000, t l phn tram
leo n hn 80%.
Tng bo him nhn th c hiu lc Hoa K.
Tng bo him nhn th thng mi c hiu lc vo nm 2005 vt qua 18
nghn t, gn 50% hn s lng c nm gi thp k trc. Mt phn ln ca
s ny hn 97.5% c pht hnh bi cng ty bo him nhn th (life reserve)
hot ng di lut bo him bang. Ngoi ra bo him thng mi c writing
bi fraternal societies, Blue Cross/ Blue Shield plans, v cc nh bo him t
nhn khc. Table 12.2, l danh sch bo him c hiu lc vi cng ty bo him
nhn th(life reserve) t 1900 n 2005, cho thy s phn phi ca bo him by
class v cng m t tng trng ca n v s thay i phn phi theo thi gian.

Cc hnh thc khc ca bo him nhn th.

Savings Bank Life Insurance: 3 bang Newyork, Massachusetts, and
Connecticut- lut php cho php mutual savings bank pht hnh hp ng bo
him nhn th di nhng iu kin quy nh n cc c dn ca bang v cc c
nhn thuo7ng3 xuyn lm vic y. Lut php yu cu cc ngn hang thit lp
qu bo m v gii hn quy m ca hp ng v quy nh ca n. Bi v SBLI l
bn m khng i l, khng y ban v chi ph thng thp hn cht rng c sn
t cc cng ty bo him. S lng SVLB c hiu lc mi bang c t l rt nh
trong tng bo him c hiu lc: gn 3% Massachusetts, 2.5% Newyork, v
cha y 2% Connecticut.
Fraternal Life Insurance nh chng ta lu chng 5, fraternals i din
mt loi c bit ca mutual insurers, thng i km vi lodge and fraternal
order, rng cung cp bo him nhn th n cc thnh vin ca n. Hu ht
fraternal ban u s dng nguyn tc nh gi, nhng a s hin nay hot ng
trn c s legal reserve ( s tin ti thiu m cc t chc71 ti chnh, ngn hang
yu cu theo lut an ton). Tng s lng bo him c hiu lc vi fraternal
cui 2000 l 279 t la.

Wisconsin State life insurance fund: Qy bo him nhn th bang Winconsin pht
hnh cc hp ng vi ti thiu 1000$ v ti a 10000$ n cc c nhn bang
thi im pht hnh. Mc d chng trnh c hiu lc t nm 1911, tng s
lng bo him c hiu lc di chng trnh cha y 1% ton b bo him c
hiu lc bang.
Veterans life Insurance The veteran administration bn bo him nhn th
n cc cu binh t WW1. Khng cu binh no c th s hu hn 10.00$ trong
bo him nhn th chnh ph di bt k 1 hoc kt hp cc hp ng ny. Tng
s lng bo him nhn th chnh ph c hiu lc di chng trnh ny l 17.9
t vo cui 2005. Ch 1 trong cc chng trnh c thit k cho cc cu binh
tch khi dch v vi dch v lin quan n ngi khuyt tt.-vn m pht hnh
mi do n c th gi nh rng s lng bo him loi ny s gim trong
tng lai
Ngoi chng trinh VLI bn thn chnh ph quyn nh l cng ty bo him,
y c 2 chng trnh khc tn ti c gim st bi VA v c tr cp bi
chnh ph lin bang: chng trnh bo him nhn th nhm qun nhn v
chng tirnh2 bo him nhm cu binh. Tuy nhin, y l underwriting bi ngnh
bo him t nhn.
Cc thnh vin ca qun i M, bao gm nhn vin v hi qun cc hc vin
phc v c t ng bo him di SGLI cho 100.000$. Thnh vin phc v
ngi m mong c lm nh vy c th mua them 100.000$ hoc h c th
SGLI c th chuyn i n bo him k hn ti to 5 nm bit nh l VGLI. VGLI
c th ti to them k hn 5 nm cui mi k hn 5 nm hoc n c th
chuyn n hp ng bo him nhn th vnh vin c nhn m khng chng
minh kh nng bo him